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About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web ai[http: //books . google. com/| .a i—— Tarbarb College Librarp FROM THE GIFT OF WILLIAM ENDICOTT, Jr. (Class of 1887) OF BOSTON ui pracrach Gj aioe is i ae oniuin it corcomruad coumarcne P Cirle tolav hve och ecursan Be, Lil úmalt vuaétraé en, on a CHOROGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION WEST OR H-IAR CONNAUGHT, WRITTEN A.D. 1684, BY RODERIC O’FLAHERTY, ESQ, AUTHOR OF THE “ OGYGIA.” EDITED, FROM A MS. IN THE LIBRARY OF TRINITY COLLKGE, DUBLIN, WITH NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS, BY JAMES HARDIMAN, M.R.LA. DUBLIN: FOR THE IRISH ARCHZOLOGICAL SOCIETY. MDCCCXLVI. Ao W10.9.9 MARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY MAR 15 1921 “A GIFT 82: WILLIA;; ENDICOTT, JR. THIS COPY WAS PRINTED FOR EDWARD WILMOT CHETWODE, Ese. MEMBER OF THE. SOCIETY. DUBLIN : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRES, BY M. H. GIL. IRISH ARCHAAOLOGICAL SOCIETY. FOUNDED MDCCCXL. Patron : HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT. President : His Grace THE Duke oF Leinster, M.R.I.A. Council : Elected December 19th, 1845. Tae Marquis or Kirpare, M. RK. I. A. Tae EARL or Leitrim, M.R.I. A. Tue Viscount ApaREg M. P., M.R. I. A. Rev. SAMuEL Burcuer, A. M., M. R. 1. A. JamMES Harpiman, Esq., M. R. L. A. Wiuiam E. Hupson, Ese., M.R.I. A. Captain Larcom, R. E., V. P. R.1. A. JAMES Mac Cuttracu, Eso., LL. D., M. R. L A. GerorcE Perrier, Ese., R.H. A., V. P. RI. A. Aguitta Smitu, M.D., M.R. 1. A. JosEePH H. Smitu, Eso. A. M., M.R.I.A., Treasurer. Rev. J. H. Topp, D. D., M. R. 1. A., Secretary. HE following Chorographical Description of the Ter- ritory of West or H-Iar Connaught, now first printed, was written in A.D. 1684, by Roderic O'Flaherty, author of the Ogygia, or Chronology of Irish events. It is one of many similar treatises, compiled about that period by several learned individuals, for the purpose, as is said, of illustrating the celebrated Down Survey of Treland, by Sir William Petty. After a general view of the bounda- ries, extent, and baronies of H-Iar Connaught, the author, p. 7, defines its borders, beginning with Lough Measg (Mask), in the north of the barony of Ross, and proceeding, by the eastern limits, towards the south, including Lough Orbsen (Corrib), he turns to the west, by the Bay of Galway, and thence continues northward, along the shores of the Atlantic, to the Killary harbour, which flows inland, in the direction of Lough Mask, where he began. A general descrip- tion is then given of the state and appearance of the interior, its mountains, mines, woods, soil, rivers, and lakes; the bays and har- bours round the coast ; the productions of the country, as fish, fowl, IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. b beasts, vl beasts, &c.; the ruins of ancient churches, chapels, and other religious places ; and, finally, the natural disposition of the natives. After which, p. 17, the two great lakes, Mask and Corrib, with some of the islands in the latter, are particularly described ; p. 27, the river, town, and bay of Galway; p.44, the half barony of Ross; p. 52, the barony of Moycullen ; p.65, the three islands of Aran; and p. ga, to the end, the barony of Ballynahinch (Conamara), which completes the district. The boundaries, extent, and remarkable places so described, may be traced by their ancient names on the annexed map of Iar- Connaught, and of Ui Briuin Seola, the present barony of Clare, in the County of Galway, as they existed in and previous to the six- teenth century. In this work Mr. O’Flaherty has given additional proofs of his discrimination, judgment, and learning. That he has far exceeded his contemporary contributors, will appear by a comparison of his treatise with the others produced at the same time, and for the same purpose. One only of these has been hitherto published, be- ing a Description of the County of Westmeath, by Sir Henry Piers, printed by Vallancey in the first Number of his Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicis, and also in a separate form; but the puerility, prejudice, and irrelevant disquisitions which pervade that “ Itinerary,” render its inferiority to this of our author at once manifest. Some of the other treatises alluded to still remain in MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Among them is a short description of the County of Leitrim, compiled by Thady Rody, which appears deserving of pre- servation ; and is, indeed, the only one of the entire, worthy of being classed with the following description of West-Connaught. As nearly two hundred years had elapsed since our Author collected the information contained in this curious treatise, it was found necessary, as soon as its publication had been resolved upon by the Irish Archeological Society, to illustrate the text with various Vil various explanations, and some additional information. At the re- quest of friends, who were pleased to think more favourably of the Editor than he is conscious of having merited, he was induced to under- take that task, and the result of his labours will be found in the Notes and Appendix which follow. Among those are interspersed several original documents, never before published, which have been carefully transcribed by the Editor, from various public repositories and private collections ; and these original papers may now be considered as so many authentic additions to the materials of Irish history. Most of them have been introduced as illustrative of the territory treated of, and others as connected with the province at large. Many will be found of curious import, containing interesting information ; particu- larly those relating to the Provincial Composition of A. D. 1585; a proceeding with which our historical writers for the two last centu- ries appear to have been but little, if at all, acquainted. A conside- ration of the imperfect state of Irish history in general, and of that of this western province in particular, has led to the insertion of many of those documents; and the opportunity was considered favourable, as a means for their preservation. Some of them may prove useful to future writers; and the correctness and authenticity of the entire may be safely relied upon. The humble, but laborious duty which de- volved on the Editor, he has thus endeavoured to perform, “et com- muni ductus officio, et amore quodam operis.” No pains have been spared to render the publication in some degree worthy of the repu- tation of the author of the Ogygia, and the high character of our Archeological Society, which is silently achieving so much good for the history of Ireland. How far the Editor may have succeeded is not for himself to determine. But if this work shall be found to have promoted, even in the slightest degree, any of the objects of the Society, he will feel, as expressed on a former occasion, amply requited for all his labour. “ Ex hoc quocunque labore, si utilitatem aliquam per- b2 cipias, vill cipias, me opera non penitebit, imd horas succisivas ita impensas, me bené collocisse existimabo.”— Wareus noster, lectori Antiq. Hiberniv. To the natives of H-Iar Connaught, or the descendants of its old families, the Editor is not indebted for much information, written or otherwise, except some few traditional narratives; and of the latter, such as could not be verified from other sources have been rejected. Several extracts relating to the islands of Aran, the Civil Distribu- tion, temp. Car. IJ., and other subjects connected with the district, have been omitted, rather than trespass on the indulgence of the Society, which has liberally permitted this volume to be increased far beyond its intended limits. It is hoped, however, that sufficient has been given to illustrate our author's description, and to diffuse a knowledge of this part of Ireland, which may eventually lead to the moral and social improvement of its population. This work may, moreover, indicate what might be expected, in the way of documen- tary history, from other parts of the kingdom, when even so much could be elicited from so unpromising a locality as H-Iar Connaught. A series of publications on a similar plan, from each province or county, accompanied with original documents, would add considera- bly to our national lore, and, probably, form an important part of the true “Materia Historica” of the country. To his erudite friend, John O’Donovan, the Editor stands obliged for several judicious observations, together with the map which accompanies this work; and to Dr. Todd, of Trinity College, and Dr. Aquilla Smith, of Dublin, he is likewise indebted for many faci- lities of obtaining information, and for much useful assistance, to which particularly may be attributed the general correctness with which the entire has passed through the press. The untiring zeal of these learned members of the Irish Archeological Society, on the present and every other occasion, to promote its interests, entitles them to the warmest acknowledgments of that body. . The 1X The Right Honourable the Earl of Leitrim, always anxious to forward the objects of the Society, has been kindly pleased to com- municate some original papers written by Mr. O'Flaherty, which will be found printed in the Appendix. From one of these is given a fac- simile of a letter (see p. 431), which may prove serviceable in identi- fying any of his writings that may hereafter be discovered. The “ Ogy- gia Christiana,” said to remain in manuscript among his relations in Connaught, was considered by the venerable Charles O’Conor as the most valuable of our author’s works. To the Right Rev. Doctor O’Donnell, Roman Catholic Bishop of Galway, and Michael J. Browne, Esq., of Moyne, in that county, the Editor has to return his grateful thanks for the use of several ancient documents. He has also to express his obligations to Captain Larcom, of the Royal Engineers ; and to Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., of Middle- hill, Broadway, Worcestershire, for the kindness and liberality with which that gentleman has permitted access to his valuable collection of manuscripts, among which is preserved our author’s autograph copy of the following treatise. J. H. ERBATA. Pa 8. Notes, col. 2, last line, read “ O’Dowda.” 10. Notes, col. 1, L 18, read madpadcpoinn—tL 14, read eapdg. 44. Notes, col. 1, L 21, read ‘‘ Ballynahinch.” 185. Line 31, read “ Connac.” 217. Line 82, read “ Meray.” 869. Notes, col. 2, L 5, read 70. 377. Line 24, for “ Ca-” read “ Cathal.” $99. Notes, col. 2, |. 18, read “ posterity.” RS GS PERN Sh Sa ee ce LIST OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS CONTAINED IN THE NOTES AND APPENDIX TO THIS WORK, AND NOT HERETOFORE PRINTED. Page. 1. Narrative of an extraordinary Cure at St. Augustine s Well, near Galway. A. D. 1673, . . . ee é. + 88 2. List of the Christian Kings of Connaught, by Peter O'Connell, eis . 138 3. Account of the Regal Family of O'Conor of Connaught, by Charles O'Conor, . 184 4. Rights, Privileges, and Revenues of the Kings of Connaught, from Leabhar na g-ceart, . . 142 5. The Chieftains and Territories of Connaught i in the twelfth Century, from o' Du- gan's “ Triallam timceall na Fodhia.” . . . . 144 6. The Battle of Knock-tow (Cnoc d-taadh), A. D. 1504, from the Book of Howth, . 149 7. Bulla pro Par. de Gnowceg (Gnobeg) A.D. 1487 . . . . . . . . . . . 156 8, —__—— Skryne et Muchulin, A. D. 1492, . . . 2. 2. «© 2. 2 ee é é. 159 9, —___—_- Scrine et Clonbirn, A. D. 1495, . . ...... 2.2.2... 161 10. —___—- Ecclesia de Meculyn, A.D. 1496, . . . . 2... 2... . . 163 11, —___—. Furanmor et Meray, A.D. 1496, . . . . . » 165 12. Excommunicatio contra Malefactores in Collegium (Galvie), A. D. 1501, . . 167 13. Bulla pro Rectoria de Tiraglas, et Vicariis de Kynmara et Ballinclare, A. D. 1502, 168 14, —____ Ricardo De Burgo, Canonico Duacensi, A. D. I511,. . . . . . 171 15. Processus de Gnobegge, &c., A. D. 1497, . . . cu ww ew we NGA 16. Ecclesiastical Division of West Connaught, A. D. 1615, . ris 9 17. Declaration against Transporting of Wolfe Dogges, A.D. 1652, . . . . . . 180 18. Declaration touchinge the Poore, A.D. 1653, . . . . ee ew ws A81 19, Declaration touching Wolves, A. D. 1653, . . . 2. 2. 2... ee é ie. ib. 20. Order touching poore Vagrants, A. D. 1653, . . . 182 21. Letter of King Edw. VI. that the Irish may eat fleshe at all times forbidden, A. D. 55], . . 2. 1. 1 ee ee . - eo 6 ws ws. 184 22. x11 . Placita apud Tristeldermot—Ricardus de Burgo Comes Ultonie, A.D. 1305, . . 189 . Peticon of John Blake, alias Caddle, A. D. 1640, . . . - 6 . » . 192 Report on the Petition of John Blake, alias Caddle, A. D. 1640, rae 194 Carta Thome de Hebrigge, facta Ricardo Cadel, A.D. 1315, . . . - » - 195 Carta Philippi filii Willielmi Erla, facta Joh. f. Walteri Blak, A. D. 1391, ~ 2 . 196 . Carta Kating Hannyn, A. D. 1394,,. . . . . 197 Inventarium Bonorum et Debitorum Johannis oge - Blake, et ejus Testamentum, A.D. 1420,. . . é eo 6 ww 6 198 Laudum Wil. de Burgo : sue , Nacionis Capitanei, be. A. D. 1424, oe eo we ws 201 . Dede of delyveraunc of vi. marc x* to Sandere lynche, & al. A.D. 1430, . . . 203 Betwyxt Wil. Blake, £ Gefferey and hry Blake fz. John for the devittion of all SSB BNERERR ther lands, A. D. 1445, . . - ib. 32. Arbitryment inter William fy. Geffray et Johan, fy. Fearr Blake, A A. p. 1445, - 204 33. Mayst Manes M‘Donkyth ys dede, A. D. 1449, . . . “ .. 205 34. Testamentum Johannis f. Hen. Blak, A. D. 1468, . . see se ee é... ib, 35. Sententia lata inter Ric. et Nico. Blake, &c. A. D. 1543, oe 210 36. The Order taken betywxt Job. Wak wee & rr Blaks, by y* lord “Chaunseler, A.D. 1553,. . . . . ii 37. Pettegree of John Blake, alias Caddle, oe see ee é ee 212 38. Regal Visitation of the College of Galway, A. D. 1615, ii 214 39. Concessio iv. Marcar. in puram Elemosinam, Parochiali Ecclesie S. Nicolai, A. D. 1435. . . . é. é. 215 40. Dispensacio Maritagii p pro Valtero Blake et J aliana Lynch, A. D. 1472, . « « 216 41. Colacio Archiepiscopi super Rectoriam et Vicariam de Furanmor, et Vicariam de Mevay, A.D. 1487, . . . oe eo we we 217 42. Colacio Archiepiscopi super Rectoriam de Rawyn, A D. 1488, 2 ee ee 6218 43. Resignatio Vicarie de Moculyn, A. D. 1488, . . oe oe e s 219 44. Conventum inter Gul. de Burgo et Majorem Galwy, A. D. 1488, 2 ee es 220 45. Unio Ecclesiarum de Kyllcommyn et Killruyn Collegio, A. D. 1488, . . . . 22 46. Littere inhibitorie contra Richardum de Burgo, A.D. 1492, . . . . . . ~~ ib. 47. Unio Ecclesiarum de Shruther et Kenlagh, pro Collegio, A.D. 1501, . . . . 24 48. Confirmacio Walteri Episcopi Cluanensis, pro Collegio, A. D. 1506, . . . .. ib. 49. Receptio Sandari Lynche et Anastacie ee uxoris, in Confraternitatem Fratrim minorum, A. D. 1521 se ee ew 22H 50. Conventum inter Donaldum O' Flaherty et Vardianum Galvie, A. D. 1527, ~ tb. 51. Confirmacio Beneficiorum pro Collegio, A.D. 1541,. . 2. 2. . 2. 1. we 927 52. An Ordre in the behalfe of the Colledge, A. D. 1542, se ew ew ew ww 2B 53. Morgadg of the juelles of ys Chyrche, A. D. 1546, . . . . . . . 1... 230 S4. Ad excellentissimum Principem Henricum Octavum (Petitio) . . . . 2. . ib. 55. Dispensacio pro Nicholao Blake, et Sescilia Uxore ejus, A. D. 1556, . . 233 56. Confirmacion by Richard Blake, of bis Auncestors Gifts to the Colledge, A. D. 1558, ib. 37. X1il Puge. 57. Order touching Srowher [Shrule] etc. A.D. 1569, . . . . 235 58. Inquisittio of the Duties and Rights of St Nicholas his Churche, A. D. 1609, . 236 59. Order of Hermits of St Augustine,—Deed of Badowment, A. D. 1517, . 243 60. State Letter for Favor, A. D. 1656, . ,; aa” 244 61. Genealogia Domini Gregorii Joyes, . . . 2. 2 2 1 1 0 ww ew 248 62. Carta Dermicii O'Halloran, A. D. 1594, . . . ...... see 255 63. Carta Joh. O'Halloran, A. D. 1594, . e ee 256 64. Morrertagh O’Hallurane and Teig is Dede, A. D. 1606, oe ew 257 65. Deede of the Clagann, A.D. 1612, . . . se ew ee lw 258 66. Donoghe M‘Moyller et al. is dede, A. D. 1614, . 259 67. Erevan O'Halloraine his deede of Mullaghglasse, A. D. 1645, ib. 68. Letter to Dr. Molineaux, on Ratts, A. D. 1708, 263 69. Murage Charter of Athenry, A.D. 1310, . . 266 70. Letter from the Earl of Clanricarde, A. D. 1596, ce ew 270 71. Letter from the Mayor of Galway, A.D. 1596. . . . . 271 72. Petition of the Portriffe, &c., of Athenry to Parliament, A. D. 1634, . . 272 73. Indenture and Returne relating to St Dominick's Abbey, and Our Lady’s Churehe, A.D. 1651, ... . 2 oe ew we 274 74. Letter of Q. Elizabeth for Conly Mac Geoghegan, A. D. 1567, 2 276 75. Indenture between Morroghe ne Moyer O’F rabert, and Knohor (Connor) M‘Conry, A. D. 1615,. . . . ...... ee ew . . . 281 76. Will of Bryan M‘Enry, A. D. 1691, . . . . . .. 282 77. Abpdnan Phica . . . . . - - ee eee 283 78. Samp Phegi ni hCagpe . 287 79. Gogan Coin, - - - oe ee we ww 292 80. Trial of Robert Martin, A. D. 1 735, 295 81. Q. Elizabeth's letter respecting the Civil Reformation of Connaught, A. D. 1579, (note), . 304 82. Indenture of Composition for the Country of the o' O'Ffabertyes called Eyre. Co. naght, A. D. 1585, . . - 8 oe ee © e ew so 309 83. ———- Many O'Kelle's Country, oe 318 84. ——— O’Madden's Country, . . . 321 85. — that part of Connaught called Clanrickard, 323 86. ——— Mac Davye’s Countreye, 2 se 8 327 87. ——_— Brymegham’s Country, or Barony of Donemore, . ce ee 329 88. ——- Countie of Mayoe, 331 89. Boundaries of Mayo (note), A. D. 1607, . . -ib. 90. Bellahawnes Baronye, commonly called Mac Costilo his Country, A. D. 1587, 339 91. Indenture of Composition for Sligo, A. D. 1585 oe ww . 340 92. Boundaries of Slygo (note), A.D.1607 . ... 8 341 93. Indenture of Composition for O’Royrk’s Country, A. D. 1583, 346 IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. c 9-4, XIV Page. 94. The County of Leitrim, limitted and appointed, A. D. 1583 (sote), . . . . 346 95. Boundaries of Leitrim, A. D. 1607 (mote), . ee, . 347 96. Indenture of Composition for Moylurge alias Mac Dermott’ 8 Countrye, o' Connor Roe's Countrye, and O'Connor Dune's Country [Roscommon], A. D. 1585, . 352 97. Boundaries of Roscommon, A. D. 1607 (sore), - . , 353 98. Lords Spirituall and temporall, chieftanes, gent. &c., of Thomond, A. D. 1585, 358 99. Letter of Q. Elizabeth for Connoher Earl of Thomond, A.D. 1577, . .. . 359 100. Territories of the hereditary Proprietors of Muintir Murchadha, of Clanfergail and Meadruidhe, and Hy-Briuin Seola, and Hy-Briuin Ratha, and Muintir Fahy; their chieftains, and Mac Oglachs, and Ollaves, A. D. 1098,. . . . 368 101. First invasion of Connaught by the Anglo-Normans, from the Book of Leinster, A. D. 1177, . . 376 102. Letters of Henry III. in favour of Morogh and Roderic O° Flaherty, A. D. 1244, 381 103. Submission of Hugh O'Flaherty to King Henry VIIL, A. D. 1538, . . 383 104. Letters patent of Q. Eliz. appointing Morrough of the Battle-axes Chief of the O'Flaherties, A. D. 1569, 385 105. Complaint of Roger Fflahertie to Sir Jobn Perrot, Lo. Deputy, ina Morogh of of the Battle-axes, A. D. 1584, . E 387 106. Aunswere of Moroghe na doe thereunto, 359 107. Depositions taken between them, ad perpetuam ret memoriam, A. D. 1585, 391 108. Surrender of Sir Morough ne doe, A. D. 1585, . 395 109. Submission of Sir Moroughe ne doe and other Chiefs to ‘the Queen, A. ‘D. 1589, 396 110. Will of Sir Moroghe ne doe, A. D. 1593, . . . o 8 ee tw 399 Qt. Murrough ne Moyre O'Fflahertie, A. D. 1626, 404 112. Extracts from Depositions of A. D. 1641 (no/e), 406 113. Examination of Colonel Edmond O'Flahertie, A. D. 1653, 408 114. Deposition of John Ward (note), A. D. 1648, . 409 115. Protection for Persons in Arms (except Priests, &*), A. D. 1651, . 413 116. Places in Connaught excluded from Protection, A. D. 1651, ib. 117. Rewards for bringing in the heads of Rebells, A. D. 1652, . 414 118. Order for Transplanting into Connaught, A. D. 1655, . ib. 119. Order to Lycense Peter Walsh, a Priest, to come out of Flanders into Ireland, A. D. 1653, 423 Tracts by Roderic O' Flaherty, now first printed. I. Observations on Dr. Borlace’s Reduction of Ireland, A. D. 168}, . 431 Il. Confutation of the Chinese Chronology, A. D. 1696, . ° 434 IIf. Animadversions on Dr. Chamberlain's Subjection of the Bishops of Ireland to ) the Archbishop of Canterbury, A. D. 1709, . . .., 437 a rooms mo" Re = THE TERRITORY or WEST OR H-IAR CONNAUGHT, RODERIC O'FLAHERTY’. Dunkellin*. HE territory of West Connaught”, the antient seig- niory of the O’Flaherties, was extended of old be- » yond Lough Orbsen‘, and the river and town of Gallway, to the barronies of Kilmain, Clare, and Its cathedrall (as every Irish seigniory had its own, whose diocess runned with the seigniory’s bounds) was Enagh- * Roderic O' Flaherty.—For a biographi- cal notice of this learned individual see the genealogical and historical account of the O’Flaherties, compiled from original documents, in Appendix IIL » West Connaught.—Accurately so call- ed, says De Burgo in his Hibernia Domi- nicana, for it is like a peninsula forming dun, the West of Connaught, nay, even of all Ireland. “Et merito quidem, est enim ad instar Peninsule in Occiduo Conacie, immo totius Hibernie.”—p. 308. It is in Irish called lap or ansan Connaée, but by our author, in his Ogygia, p. 386, latinized “ West-connsctia;” and was one of the great divisions of the cuigeas, fifth IRISH ARCH. 80C. 15. *B dun‘, dedicated to St. Brendan, the 16th of May, Anno Christi, 577, there deceased, in the barony of Clare, on the brink of Lough Orb- or province of Connaught, which was it- self, anciently, the most extensive of the five provinces, or Cuigeaoa, into which Ireland was originally divided. * Laugh Orbsen.—Or Oirb, now corrupt- ly Corrib. Por an account of this lake, and of the river and town of Galway, men- tioned immediately after in the text, sce further on in thin treatise. é Kilmain, Clare, and Dunkellin.—Kil- main, in Irish, Cull Mheabdom, a barony in the south of the county of Mayo; of which that part lying south of the River Robe was the ancient territory of Conmhaicne cuile toladh, one of the five Conmbaicnes of Con- naught, for which see our author's Ogygia, P. iii. ch. xlvi. p. 276. This was the ancient meignory of O’Talcarain. Up Conmaicne- cuile ac clor, O Calcupain.—O’ Du- gan’s Topogr. Poem, Stanz. 55. See also Lynch's Cambr. Evers. p. 27 ; and O’ Brien’s The race of ()’Talcarain has long since become extinct. After them the O’Conors, of the Siol- Muir- eadhoigh race, seem to have acquired power and possessions in this district. In A. D. 1155, the church of Kilmain was burned. —Four Masters. The O’Flaherties at an early period acquired some small portions of the southern part of this rich district, which bordered on their own territory of Ur bnuin reola; but the entire was atter- wards possessed by the Anglo-Norman ad- venturers, chiefly the Burkes and their Dict., tn voce Conmhaicne. sen ; descendants, who built the castles men- tioned in the text. In the thirteenth cen- tury, this territory was the scene of great warring and contention, between those adventurers and the native tribes, the O’Conors and the O’Flaherties.—See the Annals of the Four Masters, particularly at A.D. 1225, et sequent. In A.D. 1265, a conference took place at Kilmain, be- tween Tomaltach O’Conor, Archbishop of Tuam, and the Prendergasts, at which many of the Archbishop’s people were slain.—Jd. See Ware’s account of this dis- pute, where he incorrectly calls this place Kilmethan. In A. D. 1585, the ancient district of Conmhaicne cuile toladh was created the barony of Kilmain, so called from the ancient church there. Archdall was unacquainted with the site or name of this foundation —See Monast. p. 503. In A.D. 1789, Sir John Browne, Bart., was created Baron Kilmain of the Neale, in the county of Mayo.— fr. Peerage. Clare.—This was the ancient territory of Ui Opuin Seola, the original inheri- tance of the O’Flaherties, or Muintir Mur- chada (from Morogh, the son of Maonach, who died A. D. 891.—Four Masters), which included the districts of Ui Bruin Ratha and Clann Feargaile, in the latter of which Galway was situate. It was also called Muintir Murchadha, from the tribe name of the possessors. Rickard Earl of Clanrickard, who died 24th July, A. D. sen; which, besides the cathedrall, had an abbey of Chanon Regulars, and a nunnery. But’ since the year of Christ, 1238, wherein the baronies of Clare, Kilmain and Kera® were planted with castles by the English, 1582, was seized of a chief rent of twenty marks out of the cantred called Moynter- moroghou.—JIng. Rolls Off. Dub. This ter- ritory, excepting a small portion to the south, was created the barony of Clare, in A. D. 1585; and it was so named from the castle of Baile an Chlaire, now Clare-Gal- way, which lies about five miles N. E. of that town. The O’F laherties possessed this territory from the fifth to the thirteenth century, when they were driven out by the Anglo-Norman Burkes. They then crossed Lough Orbsen (Corrib) and dispossessed the more ancient owners of the territories of Gnomore, Gnobegg, and Conmhaicne- mara, the present baronies of Moycullen and Balinahinch lying west of that lake, as will appear in the sequel. Dunkellin. — In Irish, OGn Carlin, This barony was created in A. D. 1585, and named from an ancient dun or cas- tle within its boundaries. It formed part of the territory of Ui Fiachrach Aidhne, in the south of the present county of Galway; and, with the barony of Clare before mentioned, was included in the more modern territory of Clanrick- ard in that county, acquired by the fa- milies of De Burgo after the English in- vasion. See Appendix I. for a particular account of that territory, in A. D. 1585. the © Enaghdun.—Now Annaghdown. We learn above from our author that the diocese of Enaghdun was conterminate with the “‘seignory” or territory of the O'Flaherties. The extent of both might, therefore, be satisfactorily ascertained from the ecclesiastical survey and taxa- tion of Ireland, made in the time of Pope Nicholas, A. D. 1291; but that curious record is kept in London, in the de- partment of the Queen’s Remembrancer there. The extent of the diocese of Enagh- dun, atasubsequent period, may be learned from the MS. E. 3, 13, in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, which contains, “ the state of the dioceses of Tuam, Enagh- dun, and Kilmacduach,” in the reign of Elizabeth, and in the time of Christopher Bodkin, who succeeded archbishop Lally, A. D. 1536.— Ware. See also the Regal Visitation of A. D. 1615. f But.—This paragraph seems misplaced. Half of it, viz., as far as the word “ Ar- ran, properly belongs to the first, and the remainder to the second paragraph. 8 Kera.—In Irish Ceana. The barony of Carra, or Burriscarra, in the county of Mayo, bordering on the barony of Kilmain, in the same county, was part of the terri- tory of Hy-Fiachrach, the ancient princi- - pality of the O’Dowde family. Although B 2 the same [ West Connaught] is confined to the limits of Moycullin and Balynahinsy barony’s, and of the half baronies of Ross and this is one of the richest baronies of Ire- land, in point of soil, its present dense po- pulation may be classed among the poorest of the kingdom in point of circumstances. But it was not always so. The rich plains of Carra are noticed at an early period of our history; and the inhabitants, emphati- cally called the “Men of Carra,” were for- merly distinguished for their bravery, af- fluence, and hospitality. ‘6apnao calma Fin Ceapa” (a brave race, the men of Carra). M‘Firbis describes these “Men ofCarra” and their possessions, in his Book of Hy-Fiachrach, preserved in MS. in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dub- lin. This is one of the most interesting fragments of Irish history now remain- ing, and has recently been published by the Irish Archeological Society. From it we learn that several of the kings of Connaught formerly resided in Carra, and that O’Murry, O’Gormog, and O’Tier- ney, were its lords under the O’Dowdes, ‘ kings of Hy-Fiachrach. In A. D. 1273, Flann O’Tierney, lord of Carra, was slain by the O’Murrys in a contest about the lordship.— Four Masters. The English De Burgos immediately after dispossessed these old proprietors, and established them- selves in the territory. Some of the de scendants of the former lords of Carra, particularly the O’Tierneys, may yet be traced within the barony, but most of them reduced to extreme poverty. Robert Aran ; Downing, in his Description of Mayo, writ- ten about A. D. 1684, and preserved in the MS. Library of Trinity College, Dublin, I. I, 3, states, that ‘“ The barony of Scarra (recte Carra) or Burriscarra, lyeth next to Kilmaine, which standeth upon the brink of a great lough, called Lough Carra, by the ancients Fionn lough Carra, which is said to have been one of the three loughs of Ireland that first sprung. On it isa small abbey, or rather nunnery, called Annagh or Any. It was founded and given by Thomas Burke, the chief of the Burkes of Mayo, to the abbot of Cong, upon con- dition, that if any woman of his posterity would vow chastity, the abbot of Cong should maintain her during her life, as appears by the several inquisitions after the dissolution of Cong.”—See Archdall’s Monast. p. 500, Abbey of Cong. In A. D. 1585, Carra was created a barony, retaining its ancient name. For further particulars concerning it, see Mayo Com- position, Appendix L © Planted with castles.—This is recorded by the Four Masters as follows: A. D. 1238, “ Cairlénda vo dénam hi Mumeip Munpchaoa hi c-Conmancne Cuile agur ac-Ceana, lap na banúnaib pémpdice.”— “Castles were built in Muintir Murcha- dha [the barony of Clare], in Conmaicne Cuile [the barony of Kilmain] and Ceara, by the aforesaid barons;” i. e. by the Eng- lish adventurers in Ireland. These were, Aran’; and in the time of Malachias Mac Aodha of West Connaught extraction’, archbishope of Tuam [ab. 4”. 1313, ad. Ann. 1348], after principally, the Burkes, many of whom afterwards took the surnames of Mac Phil- bin, Gibbons, Jonine or Jennings, Mac Huberts, Mac Tibbotts, Mac Meylers, &c. The adjoining districts were possessed by the Berminghams (afterwards called Mac Feorais), the Jordans, Costellos, Pren- dergasts, Mac Morrises, Stauntons (after- wards called M°Evillys), Fitzsimonses (af- terwards called Mac Rudderys, recently Knights), Fitzstephens, &c. All these fa- milies are descended from the Anglo-Nor- man adventurers or soldiers who came to Ireland in the twelfth and thirteenth cen- turies ; but having afterwards became “ more Irish that even the Irish them- selves,” their possessions were nearly all confiscated in the seventeenth century. Their descendants are consequently much reduced from the opulence of the original founders; but many of them yet preserve rank and respectability in the country. The Annals of the Four Masters contain, in great part, the history of these fami- lies. i Aran.—These baronies of Moycullin and Ballynahinsy, and the half baronies of Ross and Aran will be found described further on. The extent of Iar-Connaught, viz., of Ross, Moycullin, and Ballinahinch, is es- timated sn Irish acres, by the able engi- neer, Mr. Nimmo, in his valuable “ Re- port on the Bogs to the west of Lough Corrib” (printed as an Appendix, No. 12, a to the Fourth Report of the Commissioners on the Bogs of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 187, by order of the House of Commons, A. D. 1814), as follows: Arable, 25,000 acres. Bog, 2 120,000 .,, Mountain and upland pasture, 200,000 .; Rock, much of it lime- stone, . 5,000 4, 350,000 a; The extent and population of these three baronies and the islands of Aran, given in the “ Report of the Commissioners ap- pointed to take the Census of Ireland for the year 1841” (the extent taken from the Ordnance Survey of Ireland), are as follows : POPULA- TION IN 1821. POPULA- STATUTE TION IN 19,408 Balinahinch, . . Moycullen, .. . Ross, Aran Isles,.. . 521,585 | 76,189 | 50,204 From these tables it appears that the population has increased in Iar-Connaught more than one-half in twenty years; but nothing is more certain than that the means of any thing like comfortable exis- tence have not at all increased. In the days of our author, as he relates, the n long debate for many years before and in his time, the cathedrall of Enaghdun was, Anno 1321, united to the see of Tuam, by the finall decision of Pope dohn the twenty-second. The half barony of Rosse lies furthest to the north, the barony af Moyeullin to the east, the half barony of Aran to the south, and the barony of Balynahinsy to the west. It in thirty-two miles long from Galway to Slimhead*; and peile of thin diairilet had plenty of corn for thóir own conaimption alter paying WVeorte laiidionrda, WU rtataun, whieh were then Mihiowaer, mee now, ponerally apamk ing, the gas davert prod Virol | ail even they aoinethnen Iuil, col whioh there have tran, in latter youre, eon awllil lhataieea, i Ma CMnnnwyAl extraction, hea covesmnndenge nóna Ceo be that Malachiaa Mai Avilla, Lé. Malachy Mao Hugh, or lléughes, Wont the asm entraction as the (rialta of Waet Connaught. This Aléieiil wil Léajwelahly déeacoiúlwd family Wt Pbighine, te now protty generally spread TAL jeden beens, Ier Ha Ieligtee down Gee dacwichlaalúd, see Mae Firhia'a great Hooch ot (lonsalúglea, proaetved dn the La- bai vet Ghee Meryl Fetals Avaslomy, p. 401. Vy te olen given by OM all (whe here watore whl Mae Fuil), In hie eurtous Viich cot Vo tele Voli demm, peromorvedd in the Hi Cuil, Dublin, am fullowe: Mao VU vag tenet NN iéewcde Qtr Canthola, aaonafCol- Bui, Fe dith Claiatian hiúg of Cone dade tet Gare Nei dú (he Klaheity whh- Our ate Hite. Nyeqeetutie WN), yu" Vvvrageal or Toale forvenl ood Canthala, Atnelgadh, the mivrs-obed ool ('blabeaity, being the allows); (sctting 98. Cumscragh ; 99. Donn; 100. Cosgry; 101, Murias; 102. Conang; 103. Gownan; 104. Cosgrach (some call him Flann abrad) a quo Clann Coscry ; 105. Rory; 106. Hugh, a quo the surname Mac Hugh ; 107. Muredach ; 108. Teige; 109. Hugh; 110. Donogh ; 111. Melaghlin; 112. Do- nald ; 113. Melaghlin McHugh, a canon in Elphin, and made bishop there, 1309 ; archbishop of Tuam, 1313 ; and (as also elsewhere stated by our author) governor of Connaught, jointly with Edmond Burke, son to the red Earl of Ulster, in 1333; died 1348. He was a learned antiquary, and writ the book called leabap Mhic Clooa, now [1709] extant.”—Orig. in loe. eitat. Sve Ware’s Account of Archbishop Mac Hugh, vol. i. p. 610. & Slimhead.—Ceann leime; in Mac- kenzie’s ‘* Maritim Survey,” and other modern maps and charts, improperly called Sline, or Slyne, head. This is the most weatern point of Conamara, and our author must have calculated its distance from Galway, according to the ‘“ long Con- naught miles” (‘magnis milliaribus Co- naciensibus,” de Burgo, Hib. Dom. p. 308, n. (¢) ), for it is at least fifty miles, modern (setting aside the Isles of Aran) sixteen miles broad, from Killin’, opposite to Aran, to the Salmon Leap of Easroe. It is surrounded on the east with Loughmeasg”, the isthmus and river of Cong", Lough Orbsen, and the river of Galway ; on the English measure, from that town to the light house at Slimhead. Harris incorrectly says: “JI judge the name Slime-Head should be written Slin-Head, Slin signify- ing a shoulder.”—Harris’s Ware, vol. ii. p- 202. This is one of the numerous er- rors which should be corrected in a new edition of that work. ! Killin—Easroe.—At Killin (Cillín) are the ruins of an old church, near the south-west point of Casla Bay. Easroe, €appuas, lies at the head of the Killery, Caol pmle nuaó, near the mearing of the counties of Mayo and Galway. = Loughmeasg.—Meayrga, now called Lough Mask. This lake will be found mentioned again in the sequel. 2 Cong.—In Irish, Conga and Conga Fecin, a border town between Mayo and Galway counties, formerly celebrated for a richly endowed monastery, founded by St. Fechin (but, according to Ware, by Donal Mac Aodha mhic Ainmhire, mo- narch of Ireland) in the seventh century. Cong is situated upon an island or isthmus formed by the openings of the subter- raneous river flowing from Lough Mask into Lough Corrib. The plain of Moytura, Irish Mag Cuineao, famous for a decisive battle fought there at an early period, be- tween the Firbolgs and Tuatha de Danans, south early invaders of Ireland (see Four Mas- ters at A. M. 3303) lies within the parish of Cong, to the right of the road leading from the town of Cong to the village of the Neale. Here were to be seen the re- mains of an ancient fort, called Cataip mhic Cuige ; lately demolished in order to erect the glebe house of Nymphsfield on its site. The Annals of the Four Masters inform us, that in A.D. 1198, Roderick O’Conor, king of Connaught and monarch of Ire- land, died at Cong, and that his remains were conveyed to Clonmacnoise, and in- tombed at the north side of the altar of the great church there. Cathal Crovdearg (the red-handed), king of Connaught, having leagued with William Fitz-Adelm de Bur- go, or Burke (the first of the Burkes who came to Ireland), they marched to Cong, where they spent the Easter. While there, this William Burke, and the sons of Rode- rick O'Flaherty, entered into a conspiracy to murder Cathal, but it was providentially discovered and defeated. A. D. 1226, Nu- ala, queen of Ulster, and daughter of Ro- derick O’Conor the monarch, died at Cong, and was interred in the canon’s church there. The remnant of a splendid cross, which formerly belonged to the monastery of south with the bay of Gallway” and western ocean ; on the west and north with the same ocean, and with the mountaines of Formna more further on the north. The country is generally coarse, moorish, and mountanous?, full of high rocky hills, large valleys, great bogs, some woods‘, whereof it had abundance before they were cut. Cong, was lately purchased, and muni- ficently presented to the Royal Irish Aca- demy, by James Mac Cullagh, Esq., the distinguished Professor and Fellow of Tri- nity College, Dublin. ° Galteay.—For an account of the river and bay mentioned here see further on. Mr. Nimmo, in his valuable Report before referred to (note '), says: “The district of Jar-Connaught is nearly surrounded by the sea on the south and west, and the great lakes, Mask and Corrib, on the east; the latter nariyalle into the town of Gal- way, and could easily be made s0 to the sea.” —_ Report, p. 188. P Mountanous.— Although Conamara be mountainous, it is by no means an up- land country like Wicklow; at least three- fourths of Conamara proper is lower than 100 feet over the sea. Great part of Iar- Connaught rises from the shore of Galway Bay, in a gently sloping plain, to about 300 feet ; at the upper edge of which there are some hills of about 700 feet, and be- yond them a low limestone country ex- tends to the edge of Lough Corrib, and but little elevated above its level, which is only fourteen feet higher than the sea ; but Joyce’s country, on the other hand, It is an elevated tract with flat-topped hills of 1,300 feet to 2,000, interspersed with deep and narrow vallies.”—Jd. 1 Woods.—Sce Boate’s Natural History of Ireland, 8vo. London, 1652, ch. 15, which accounts for the diminution of tim- ber in Ireland by the ‘incredible quan- tity” consumed in the ironworks erected before that time, and by the exportation of pipe staves, in “whole ship loads.” I find that on the 18th March, A. D. 1616, King James I. granted license to Richard Milton, “ to cut timber in Ireland (except such as has been marked by the King’s officers for ship timber) for pipe-staves, hogshead staves, cloppboards, or other cloven ware, and to export the same for twenty-one years.” or. Pat. 14 Jac. I. 3, p. f. No. 8. The same causes seem to have continued to and after the time of our au- thor. On this subject the Irish bave an ancient saying— Ceóna h-uaine vo cuip Eine, Ceóna monga, 7 ceona maola ot. Treland was thrice beneath the plough-share, Thrice it was wood, and thrice it was bare. Mr. Nimmo, in his Report, says: ‘‘Cona- mara is very destitute of wood, a few 9 It is replenished with rivers, brooks, lakes’, and standing waters, even on the tops of the highest mountains. On the sea side there are many excellent large and safe harbours’ for ships to ride on anchor ; the climate’ is wholesome, soe as divers attain to the age of ninety years, a hundred and upwards. The land produces wild beasts", as wolves’, deere, foxes, badgers, hedgehogs, hares, rab- scrubby patches only being thinly scat- tered through it. The country, however, possesses an extensive stool of timber, for in almost every dry knole or cliff, the oak, birch, and hazel, appear shooting in abun- dance, and require only a little care to rise into valuable forests. Several bloomeries, which were erected about a century ago, consumed much of the timber, and copsing was afterwards neglected. The sheltered vales, navigations, and abundant water- power, would form great advantages in the cultivation of timber.”—Report, p. 188. ¥ Rivers, brooks, lakes.—‘* There are about twenty-five navigable lakes in the in- terior of Iar-Connaught, of a mile or more in length, besides hundreds smaller ; the sea coast and all these lakes abound with fish. The district, with its islands, pos- sesses no less than 400 miles of sea shore. On Lough Corrib it has fifty miles of shore, so that with Lough Mask, &c., there are, perhaps, as many miles of shore of the sea, or navigable lakes, as there are square miles of surface.”— Jd. p. 188. s Harbours.—“ There are upwards of twenty safe and capacious harbours, fit for vessels of any burthen.”—Id. It is ques- tionable whether the same can be said of IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. C bets, any equal portion of sea coast in any other part of the globe. The late Mr. Nimmo, from whose Report on Iar-Connaught the few foregoing illustrations of so much of our author’s text have been taken, was well acquainted with the natural advan- tages and capabilities of Iar-Connaught. That great engineer was employed by Go- vernment in this district, and he did more towards the ultimate improvement of the place than any other man that ever lived. © Climate,— The climate is mild, snow being little known during the winter; the mountains on the north, and general va- riety of surface, afford considerable shel- ter. The summers, however, are wet, and it is exposed to heavy westerly winds.” — id. But even this humidity might be corrected ; and there can be no doubt, that by thecommon and ordinary processes of reclaiming, planting, and extending agri- culture throughout this great district, it would, at no very distant period, become, in the languageof Boate, ‘one of thesweet- est and pleasantest in the whole world, and very few countries could be named that might be compared with it for agreeable temperateness.”— Nat. Hist. ch. xxi. sec. vi. u Beasts.—Our author not having given bets, squirrells, martins, weesles, and the amphibious otter, of which kind the white-faced otter” is very rare. but with loss of man or dog, and its skin is mighty precious. It is never killed, they say, It ad- mits no rats* to live any where within it, except the Isles of Aran, and the district of the west liberties of Galway. the scientific names of the various objects of natural history which he has mentioned, they will be found inserted in the notes, from the best modern authorities, together with the general or local names in Irish. The above mentioned are, the wolf, canis lupus, mac cine; deer, cervus elephas, Flag; fox, vulpes vulgaris, pronnac; bad- ger, meles taxus, bnoc ; hedgehog, erinaceus Europeus, spainneog ; hare, /epus varia- bilis, Seanpprang ; rabbit, depus cuniculus, coinín; squirrel, sciurus culgaris, lona ; marten, martes abietum, muopaocpornn ; weasel, nrustela erminea, cures ; otter, lutra culgaris, maopad uiprse ; rat, mus rattus, luc pnancac. v Wolcres.—When our author wrote, and for some years after, wolves were to be found in Jar-Connaught, but not in such numbers as in the early part of that century. The last wolf which I have been able to trace here was killed in the mountains of Joyce-country, in the year 1700. After the wars of 1641, the ra- vages of the wolves were so great through- out Ireland, as to excite the attention of the State. “ Wolf hunters” were ap- pointed in various districts, and amongst others in Jar-Connaught, who helped to rid the country of these ferocious animals. The ~ White-fuced otter—Called by the Irish Dobhar-chu. Martin, in his inte- resting description of the Western Islands of Scotland, London, 1703, 8vo. p. 159, tells us, that in the Isle of Skie, “ the hunters say there is a big otter above the ordinary size, with a white spot on its breast, and this they call the king of ot- ters; it is rarely seen, and very hard to be killed. Seamen ascribe great virtue to the skin, for they say that it is fortunate in battle, and that victory is always on its side.” * [tadmits no rats.—This is not the case at present. The Norway rat every where prevails, having nearly extirpated the little black Irish rat. The latter was the species mentioned by Cambrensis in the following passage : “Est et aliud ibi (i. e. in insula Aren in occidentali Connactie solo posita) notabile : quia cum per totam Hiberniam copiose nimis mures abundent, hec tamen insula mure caret. JSfus enim nec nasci- tur hic, nec vivit invectus.”—Jop. D. 1.c. 6. See the description of these islands further on in this treatise. A similar story was told of the “towne of Armagh.” See Stanihurst in Holinshed, vol. vi. p. 41, Lond. 1808. In the well-known Book of Lecan, preserved in the Library of the II The water streames, besides lampreys’, roches, and the like of no value, breed salmons (where is recourse to the sea), eels, and divers sorts of trouts. There was never a pike or bream as yet en- gendered in all this countrey, nor in the adjacent parts of Mayo or Galway counteys. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, the follow- ing curious passage occurs in prefatory re- marks to a treatise on the early history of Ireland: ‘‘ Sicut absque bestia Paradisus erat, ita Hibernia pariter. Hibernia nec leonem, nec draconem, nec ranam, nec Murem nocentum, nec Draconem, nec Scor- pium, nec unum noxium animal nisi lupum alit. Hibernia autem proxima Britannie insule, spatio terrarum angustior sed situ fecundior.” . Y Lampreys.—The scientific names of the fishes, &c., mentioned in this and the following paragraphs are: lamprey, petro- myzon marinus, laimppe; roche (i. e. rud), leuciscus erythropthalmus, poipteac ; salmon, salmo salar, bnaoán; eel, anguilla acutirostris, apccann; trout, salmo trutta, breac ; pike, esox lucius, sailliarg ; bream, cyprinusbrama, bpann; cod, gadus morhua, tpoys; ling, lota molva, lunga; hawkefish, wee eee punnac ppaineac; coale-fish, merlangus carbonarius, mongac ; turbot, pleuronectes maximus, taipbenc; plaice, platessa vulgaris, \eatos sapb, or leatog bneac; haddock, gadus eglefinus, cuddg; whiting, merlangus vulgaris, mongac ; gurnard, trigla gurnardus, cnuodn; mac- kerel, scomber, punnac ; herring, clupea harengus, rgabán; pilchard, clupea pil- The sea here is plentifully stored with fish’, as cods, chardus, pilrefp; oyster, ostrea edulis, oppid ; scallop, pecten maximus, plioxgdn mapa; cockle, cardium edule, pucdn; muscle, mytidus edulis, ouilfcin; razure, solen siliqua, yZ.an mana; lobster, homa- rus vulgaris, sliomac; crab, cancer pagu- rus, pantdn ; shrimp, palemon serratus, pibendbér; whale, dalena mysticetus, míol mo}; grampus, phocena orca, ....+-+ 3 porpoise, phocena communis, mucmana ; thunny, thynnus vulgaris, tuinnín; eagle, aquila chrysaetos? piolan; ganet, sula bas- BANG,» seen ; soland goose, sula bas- sana? ....... ; puffin, alea torda, cnup- ran; barnacle, anser brenta, cadan ; wild goose, anser ferus, sead plaodin; swan, cygnus ferus, eala; cock of the wood, tetrao urogallus? coileaé-coílle ; woodcock, scolopax rusticola, coileac pea- 0a; chough, fregilus graculus, cud0g ; rook, corpus frugilegus, cndimpiac ; cormorant, pelecanus carbo, bpoigeal. The bird which never flies but over the sea is locally called mapcin, and is probably the guille- mot, uria (roile. Ambergris will be found noticed in a future page. * Fish,—See the last parliamentary Re- port on the Fisheries of Ireland; an impor: tant document, which enters minutely into most of the particulars relating to this great *C2 12 cods, lings, hawkfish, coalefish, turbets, plaises, hadogs, whitings, gur- nards, macrells, herrings, pilchards, &c.; and no less liberall of shell fish, as oysters, scollops, cokles, muscles, razures, together with lob- sters, crabs, shromps, &c. It now and then casts ashore great whales*, gramps, porcu- pisses, thunies. Both sea and land have their severall kinds of birds. Here is a kind of black eagle’, which kills the deere by grappling him with his claw, and forcing him to run headlong into precipices. Here the ganet soares high into the sky to espy his prey in the sea under him, at which he casts himself headlong into the sea, and swallows up whole herrings in a morsell. This bird flys through the ship’s sailes, piercing them with his beak. Here is the bird engendered by the sea out of timber long lying in sea. Some call them clakes* and soland-geese, some puffins, but neglected source of national wealth. * Whales.—an interesting extract from & communication made by Lieutenant Boroughs, commander of the coast guard in the West of Ireland, taken from the va- luable Fishery Report alluded to in the last note, will be found in the Additional Notes, p. 183. > Black eagle.—* The black eagle tixes his talons between the deer’s horns, and beats its wings constantly about its cyes, which puts the deer to run continually, till it falls into a ditch, or over a preci- pice, where it dies, and so becomes a prey to this cunning hunter. There are at the same time several other eagles of this kind, which flye on both sides of the deer, which frights it extremely, and contributes much to its more sudden destruction.” — War- others tin’s Western Islands, Isle of Lingay, p. 70. © Clakes.—‘‘ Clack gooses” (Phillips), barnacles, or soland geese, Irish, Cavan O'ppinna, the local name. * There is also the cleck goose; the shells in which this fowl is said to be produced are found in several isles sticking to trees by the bill; of this kind I have seen many, the fowl was covered by a shell, and the head stuck to the tree by the bill, but never saw any of them with life in them upon the tree, but the natives told me that they had ob- serv’d 'em to move with the heat of the sun.” — .Vartin, ele of Orkney, p. 357. See also on this point of natural history, Cam- brensis in Top. Hibernia, “sunt et aves hic multw, que bernace,” &e. Also Stani- hurst’s Description of Ireland in Holin- shed, vol. vi. p. 18, Ed. w( supra; and his 13 others bernacles, because they resemble them. We call them grrinn. I omit other ordinary fowl and birds, as bernacles, wild geese, swans, cocks of the wood, and woodcocks, choughs,.rooks, Cornish choughs with red legs and bills, &c. Here is fowle that custom allowed to eat on fasting days", as cormorant. feeding only on fish; as alsoe birds found in the high cliffts and rocks of Aran, which never fly but over the sea, which, with all other numerous sea birds, yield a great store of feathers. Besides all these, the mountains here have store of Iron mines*, the boggs give turf sufficiently for fuell, and along with the turf, great trees of oak and firr many times are digged, which lay for ages under treatise, “De Rebus in Hibernia gestis,” Antwerp, 1584, Appendix, p. 230. After perusing, if possible, those profound discus- sions,adding, moreover, Gerard; Gratianus Lucius, p. 342; Ware’s Ant. c. xiv., and Harris’s Ed. c. xxxiv., the reader may, perhaps, be inclined to exclaim, with the learned Stanihurst, “thus farre of bar- nacles.” d Fasting days.—See Ledwich’s ‘‘ An- tiquities,” p. 369, for characteristic ob- servations on this subject, as connected with barnacles, quoted by the learned doc- tor from another learned doctor, Rutty, “the honest Quaker,” as the “antiquary” so complacently called the “naturalist.” But such observations were usual during the memorable eighteenth century, among a certain class of writers; one of whom, Sir Richard Cox, thus triumphs, in another strain. “Their,” ¢.e. the Irish, “youth and gentry (are) destroyed in the rebellion or gone to France. Those that are left are des- ground. titude of horses, arms, and money, capacity, and courage. Five in six of the Irish are poor, insignificant slaves, fit for nothing but to hew wood and draw water.” —Exz- tract from his Orig. Letter, 24th Oct. 1705; for which see Thorpe’s curious catalogue of the Southwell Papers, Lond. 1834, p. 94. é Iron mines.—These mines are rich, but have never been adequately worked, for want of capital. The same observation may be extended to the valuable marble quarries in this district. Our author, in’ his above general description, not having noticed any of the substances, except iron ore, of which the mountains of Iar-Con- naught are composed; the reader will find noticed in the Additional Notes, p. 185, the Report of the late eminent geologist, Sir Charles Giesecke, made in A.D. 1825, to the Royal Dublin Society, on the geo- logical structure of this region. See also, on this neglected subject, Mr. Nimmo’s Report, before referred to, p. 5 (note i). ground. Here are rivers which breed pearles, and the sea shoars have ambergreese often cast into them. Lastly, here are several miraculous wells and holy places‘, de- dicated in memory of saints; among which I find, in severall places, the memory of the seven daughters; some call them by tradition the daughters of a Brittish King, others of a King of Leinster. Here are alsoe, besides parish churches* dispersed every where £ Holy places.—Many of these will be found noticed in the sequel. & Churches —chappells. — Doctor Lom- bard, in his treatise, "De regno libernie,” thus describes those ecclesiastical ruins. “In primis igitur, preter ruinas manifestas tot monasteriorum et templorum, in qui- bus aliquando in spiritu et veritate adora- batur Deus; Que longe latéque patet hxc regio, in montibus et vallibus, in sylvis et solitudinibus, in insulis ct lacubus, cernere est adhuc vestigia et monumenta sacellorum et cellarum, specuum et alio- rum locorum, ubi olim sancti consueverant commorari, orare, contemplari, concentus facere, purnitentias agere.”—Cap. xx. p. 275. The multitude of religious edifices spread over Ireland, as their ruins testify, would be sufficient to induce one to con- clude, that the population of this island was greater, during its early ages of Chris- tianity, than is now generally supposed. See Gratianus Lucius, p. 138, ** Nec Scio,” &c. Sir William Petty’s computation or opinion that its population, at the arri- val of the English in the twelfth century, was only 300,000 (see his Political Arith- metic, p. 317), has been acquiesced in since in his time ; but that opinion now appears to have been hastily formed from imper- fect data, and cannot be relied upon. From our author we learn, that in the secluded district of West Connaught alone, parish churches and chapels were dispersed “ every where,” ‘even in waste islands,” that is, in islands waste in his time; and it has been pertinently asked, what should men have built these edifices for, if there had not been people to fill them? It has been calculated from Archdall, that in the six- teenth century there were 742 religious houses in Ireland; but it is well known, that among the other errors of that writer —and it would require a book nearly as large as his own to correct those errors— he was much under the real number of those religious foundations. Besides these, there were the cathedrals, parish churches, and chapels mentioned by Lombard. See also Colgan and De Burgo. Although the primitive Irish churches were not so large as those of succeeding times, yet they were sufliciently ample and numerous to indicate a far greater population than that estimated by Sir William Petty as exist- ing in the twelfth century. Many other 15 in the country, as alsoe in wast islands, diverse litle chappells of lime and stone ; the remaining monuments of the multitude of saints an- tiently in Ireland in St. Patrick’s days and long after, whereof Joceli- nus (Cap. 174, Vite S. Patricit): “Nulla eremus, nullus pene terre angulus, aut locus in insula tam remotus, qui perfectis monachis aut monialibus non repleretur, ita ut Hibernia speciali nomine, Jnsula Sanctorum, ubique terrarum nominaretur.” The" greatest number of cattle in this countrey is of cows’, the soil being for the most part good only for pasture and grasing, and very fertile of all kinde of herbs. The chiefest product therefore, and greatest commodity is beefe, butter, tallow, hides, and of late _ cheese out of the Isles of Aran ; yet it yields as much corn, of wheat, barly, oats, and ry, as is enough to sustaine the inhabitants’, and fur- nishes the market besides. facts might be adduced to the same effect, but here they would be quite irrelevant. The subject is merely noticed with a hope that some of our learned associates may be induced to investigate it fully. h The.—This paragraph seems out of place here. It would be more in order immediately before the three paragraphs which precede it. i Cows.—Cows and small sized ponies form the staple stock of Conamara, but sheep are now become numerous. To this day, cows and sheep compose the best part of the marriage portion of most females here. O'Halloran, in his History of Ire- land, vol. ii. p. 146, calls this portion “callp an spre, or the marriage cattle.” On15th November, 1648, Silye O'Flaherty, alias Burke, wife of Colonel Moragh na doe (na The d-tuagh) O’Flaherty bequeathed by her last will as follows: ““ to my daughter Mar- garet, forty cowsof English and Irish breed, and four skore sheep; to my second daughter, Onora, twentie cows and forty sheep ; to my third daughter, Bridget, twentie cows and forty sheep ; and to my fourth daughter, Mary, twenty cows and forty sheep.”—Orig. in the Registry of Tuam. The “Conamara ponies” are much in request; they were a useful and hardy breed, admirably adapted to the mountain districts ; but it is said that they are now deteriorated, in consequence of the introduction of English sires, by the late Richard Martin. § Enough to sustaine the tnhabitants.— From this account it appears, that the people of Iar-Connaught were much bet- 16 The inhabitants are so observant of law, that now for above thirty years of peace, there was not one body executed out of the whole territories for any transgression ; and scarce any brought to the bar for misdemeanour*. They dwell for the most part next the ter off towards the close of the seventeenth century, than they were at the beginning of it; for our author’s friend, Gratianus Lucius, in Wita Airorani, relates that about A.D. 1620, *‘Quamvis ille regiones annone difficultate semper claboraverint, et raris humilibusque tuguriolis se invicem longo intervallo dissitis habitarentur et saxe- tis glabre; uliginibus sic humectate fue- rint, vt humus aratro findi non potuerit, licét tumulos aliquot solidiores ad parum avene, vel hordei ferendum, incols sarculo subinde sciderint; gua' agricultura ne suf- ficientem quidem panis (quem pro maiori anni parte non viderunt) copiam ipsis sup- peditabat.”—p. 17. From the productions above enumerated, as articles of food, po- tatues do not appear to have been known here in the time of our author. & Miademeanour.—This was not the cha- racter of the “inhabitants” of West Con- naught in more ancient times, when the very names of the O'Flaherties, the Clan Donoughs, and the gigantic Joyces, used to strike such terror into the hearts of the good people of Galway, that they had in- scribed over the western gate of that town, “From the ferocious O'Flaherties, good Lord deliver us.” It is curious to observe how naturally the old Galweygians, who were mostly of English origin, afterwards borders coalesced with the Joyces, who were of Welsh descent, and even admitted them to all the priviliges of citizens; but the “‘ mere Irish” the O'Flaherties, &c. they always treated as aliens and enemies. Thus in A. D. 1484, they represented the latter to Pope Innocent VITI. as ‘mountainous and wild people” (montani et sylvestres ho- mines), by whom ‘they were sometimes robbed and killed” (nonnunquam bonis spoliabantur et interficiebantur). See that Pope’s Bull, A. D. 1484, in Dutton’s Sta- tistical Survey of the County of Galway, Appendix, 26. In the 17th century, these mere Irish were at length subdued, and their forfeited inheritances, 560,000 acres, were granted, for the most part, to the “ English” merchants of Galway, the Brownes, Blakes, Darcys, Martins, Lynches, Frenches, &c., by whose descen- dants these inheritances are held to this But the descendants of the old in- heritors were reduced to a state of poverty, in which most of them still continue. Our author, however, bears testimony, that in his time they were “ observant of law,” and the observation may be extended even to the present time, although the county gaol day. is sume fifty miles distant from the extre- mities of the district. It isa well known fact, that a late respectable and popular 17 borders of the countrey where commonly is the best land; and in Summer time they drive their cattle to the mountaines!, where such as looke to the cattle live in small cabbins for that season. Thus far of the countrey in generall ; whence I will descend to particulars, and first of all describe the borders. Lough Measg™ lake, besides the arms stretched out of it, is six miles long from Partry" in the county of Mayo and barony of Keara, to Balyndeonagh in the west, and four miles broad from Par- try mountain in Keara, to Lough Measg Castle’ in the barony of Kil- magistrate of Iar-Connaught, when obliged to commit offenders to prison, usually ac- companied his mittimus with a hint to give the “poor fellows” an opportunity of es- caping by the way ; so that in his time it might be truly said, “‘ scarcely any one was brought to the bar for misdemeanor.” ' Cattle to the mountaines.—See note at p. 42, Statute of Kilkenny, Volume of Tracts published by the Archeological Society, Dublin, A. D. 1843. m Lough Measg.—Now always called Lough Mask. It is popularly said to have been so named, because its waters flow into, meascadh, mix or mingle, with those of the neighbouring lakes, Carra and Cor- rib. Our author has not given the de- rivation of the name of Lough Measg. He does not appear to have indulged to any great extent in tracing the derivation of these names, which, considering the pue- rility and errordisplayed by Irish antiqua- ries in that way since his time, is to be re- gretted, from his profound knowledge of our history, language, and antiquities. This IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. D mayn ; fine lake lies almost wholly in the ancient territory of Partry, now comprehended within the barony of Kilmain, Co. Mayo ; but two arms from it stretch into the ba- rony of Ross, Co. Galway. It is noticed at an early period of Irish history. See the Annals of the Four Masters, A. M. 2533, for its origin, which is above alluded to by the phrase “broken up ;” or, as bet- ter expressed elsewhere by our author, é“ Loch Measg e terre visceribus eructa- vit.” —Ogyg. p. 167. 2 Partry.—Paneparge, latinized Par- trigia. Mac Firbis, in his book of Hy- Fiachrach, states that there were several districts of this name. See our author’s Ogyg. pp. 174-5, for these, and their an- cient possessors. Also, Harris’s Ware, ii. p. 53. The Partry above alluded to was Partry of Carra, which Mac Firbis has de- scribed in the book already referred to. ° Lough Measg Castle.—This castle, si- tuate on the townland of Ballyloughmask, on the eastern margin of the lake, was one of those fortresses built by the “ English 18 mayn; having on the north a piece of the half barony of Ross and Partry mountain; on the east Partry, by which the lake hath con- veyance to Lough Keara lake; on the south, Kilmayn barony (as being part of the county of Mayo—in margine), where I omit Hag- Castle’, an impregnable castle on the lake, Lough Measg Castle, Cong Abbey, dedicated to St. Fechin, and the field of Moytury, where the Danann nation, from the north of Great Brittain, invading Ircland, in a inemorable battle overthrew the Belgians’, who then swayed Ire- land, and slew their king Achay, last Belgian king of Ireland; 325 years after the gencral floud this lake is said to have broke up. The salmon hath no access thereunto, because under ground only" it hath recourse to Lough Orbsen ; but it breeds eels and seve- barons” about A. D. 1238. It was burned in A.D. 1413 by O'Conor ; and here Mac Feorais Birmingham was imprisoned in A. D. 1416, by Edmund Burke.—Four Masters. In 1584, this castle was confirmed to Sir Richard Bourke, Mac William Eigh- ter. See Appendix I. H is now in ruins, P Hag-Cuatle.—In Irish, Caislen na Cail- lighe. This castle, built before the Eng- lish entered Connaught, on a small island towards the eastern border of Lough Mask, was for a long time after deemed “ impreg- nable,” See the note at the word oingna, p. 135, of Mr. Petrie s valuable Essay on the History and Antiquities of Tara Hill, Trans. Royal Irish Academy, vol. xviii. part ii. 3 Belyiana.—See our author's Ogygia, p. 174; also Mac Firbis’s History of the Firbolgs, for an interesting account of these ancient colonists of Ireland; their rall several defeats at southern Moytury, above alluded to, and at Traigh Eothuile and northern Moytury, in the present county of Sligo. This curious treatise of Mac Fir- bis, which yet remains in MS., has been overlooked by modern essayists on Irish history, or perhaps it was altogether un- known tuo them. Its value, however, was duly appreciated by the venerable Charles O’Conor, whose curious extracts from it, concerning the inhabitants of Ireland, about the commencement of the Christian era, may be scen in Vallancey’s Collec- tanca. © Under ground only.—Lough Mask has no visibleoutlet for its waters. It communi- cates with Lough Corrib by subterraneous channels, which appear in several large ca- verns near Cong. It has been observed, that but for the barrier of granite which extends from Lough Mask to Lough Corrib, the 19 rall kinds of good trouts, specially that which they call the lough trout, which hath very fair red and azure spots ; it is as big as any salmon, and far more dainty. There are alsoe medicinall leeches’ on the south side of the lake. Here is one rarity more, which we may terme the Irish crocodil’, whereof one as yet living, about ten years ago, had sad experience. The man was passing the shore just by the waterside, and spyed far off the head of a beast swimming, which he tooke to have been an otter, and tooke no more notice of it; but the beast it seems there lifted up his head, to discern whereabouts the man was; then diving, swom under water till he struck ground ; whereupon he runned out of the water suddenly, and tooke the man by the elbow, whereby the man stooped down, and the beast fastened waters of both lakes had long since, like kindred drops, been mingled into one. If these two lakes were connected by means of a canal, it would tend considerably to the improvement of the west of Ireland. “To open a communication between Kil- lala and Galway, by means of the Moy, Lough Mask, and Lough Corrib, was one of the practicable projects of those who were employed to survey the navigable rivers of Ireland in the early part of the eigh- teenth century, and, if carried into effect would have proved a most important ad- dition to the internal navigation of this country.” —Hist. Galway, p. 4. $ Medicinall leeches.—Ir. Dallog. The leeches found here are stated to be ofa good kind, but whether they are used or approved of by medical men, for topical bleeding, I have not ascertained. The country people in the neighbourhood use his them with good effect. © Crocodil__This was rather a for- midable class of animals, wherewith to rank a beast “of the pitch of an ordinary greyhound.” But the story seems to have been introduced by our author, to enliven his subject, as painters introduce a tree or a ruin to give variety or effect to a barren landscape. That animals, such as that above described, or somewhat similar, inhabit the lakes of Ireland, is believed by the people in their vicinity. All have heard of them, and believe in their ex- istence, but none can be found who have ever seen them. In these western parts, this animal is generally called Each Uisge, which means a water horse, and he is de- scribed as having “a black shining skin,” and a switch tail “without hair” The story related by our author is yet told in the neighbourhood of Lough Mask. D2 20 his teeth in his pate, and dragged him into the water; where the man tooke hold on a stone by chance in his way, and calling to minde he had a knife in his pocket, tooke it out and gave a thrust of it to the beast, which thereupon got away from him into the lake. The water about him was all bloody, whether from the beast s bloud, or his own, or from both, he knows not. It was of the pitch of an ordinary grey- hound, of a black slimy skin, without hair, as he immagined. Old men acquainted with the lake do tell there is such a beast in it, and that a stout fellow with a wolf dog along with him met the like there once ; which after a long strugling went away in spite of the man and dog, and was a long time after found rotten in a rocky cave of the lake, as the water decreased. The like, they say, is seen in other lakes of Ireland ; they call it Dovarchu, 1. e. a water dog, or Anchu, which is the same. Lough Orbsen", so called from Orbsen Mac Allod, one of the u Lough Orbsen.—Lough Oirb, or, as now alwayscorruptly called Lough Corrib. For the derivation of the name from the mer- chant Orbsen, commonly called Manannan, and surnamed Mac (ir, i.e. the son of the sea, see our author's Ogygia, p. 180. This Manannan was one of those Cartha- ginian merchants who are said to have visited this part of the world at an early period, and he is stated to have made the Isle of Man his principal residence and de- posit. Our learned countryman, Cormac Mac Cuilenain (whom Caradoc of Lhan- carvan, at A. I). gos, Evans's Ed. Lond. 1774, p. 44, calls, “ Carmot, king and bi- shopet Ireland”), notices Manannan, in his Glossary, as follows: “Mananoan mac lip a. Cenoaioe ampa bor 1 n-imip Mea- Dannann nano. ba he Luamampe ip vec bor i n-tap- tan vomain, po Fhinoud tna nemgnace in oineo nobeit in cToineno acor in vol- neno acap in cun noy clueclobad cec can ve an ne, inde Scotici Britonesque eum Deum vocaverunt maris, eumque filium maris csse dixcrunt .1. Mac lip de nomine Mananouin insula Manandan dicta est.” Thus translated : **Manannan Mac Lir, a famous merchant who dwelt in the Isle of Man. Ile was the greatest navigator of this western part of the world, and used to presage good or bad weather from his observations of the heavens, and from the changes of the muon, wherefore the Scots, i. e. the Irish, and the Britons, gave him the title of ‘God of the sea. They also called him Mac Lir, that is, the son of the 21 Dannann nation, a very spacious and large lake, hath its source at Bonbanann, in the halfe barony of Rosse, and thence extends eight miles eastward to the river of Cong, having the half barony of Rosse partly on each side, partly dividing Rosse from Moycullin barony, and partly having Ross on the north side; it extends southward twelve miles in length, till it discharges itself into the river of Gal- way, having the baronys of Kilmayn and Clare on the east, and the barony of Moycullin on the west ; somewhere four miles in breadth, and somewhere less than a quarter of a mile’. It is said to have as many islands as are days in the year”, all of them belonging to the west", as far as where a boat can pass be- sea; and from him the Isle of Man had ‘its name.” William Sacheverell, Esq., “late gover- nour of Man,” in his “Short Survey” of that isle, 8vo. London, 1702, p. 20, states, that the “the Mank's Nation believe Man- nan-Mac-Lir, the father, founder, and le- gislator of their country, and place him about the beginning of the fifth century !” v Mile.—Our author here, as in the whole of this treatise, uses the great Con- naught miles, one of which contained, at least, two modern British miles. This long measure was probably adopted in this pro- vince from the Spaniards, between whom and the western part of Ireland, there for- merly subsisted much commercial inter- course. ~ Days in the year.—It is curious to ob- serve that our author, though so exact in every other respect, has, in the present in- stance, adopted this popular belief. Mons. Latocnaye, the lively French traveller be- tween fore referred to, passing through this dis- trict, observed: ‘‘ The prospect of Lough- Corrib is very fine; it is covered with islands, the majority of which are culti- vated. If you ask the number of these islands you will be told three hundred and sixty-five, one for every day in the year. I saw three lakes in Ireland, where there was the same number, or rather to avoid the trouble of counting them, the peasants mention this number in preference ta any other.”.—Vol. ii. p. 25. In like manner they tell that there are three hundred and sixty-five islands in Clew Bay (anciently Cuan Modh), in the Co. Mayo. x West.—lIt is probable, that when the O’F laherties were obliged to emigrate from their ancient territory of Magh Seola (the present barony of Clare) to Iar-Connaught, as will appear in the sequel, they claimed or retained the islands of Lough Corrib. Some of those islands, however, now be- long to the barony of Clare. 22 tween them, and the east side. Of these, Insequin’ and Insimictnr contain a quarter of land each ; some half a quarter, some a cartron, some an acre, and most of them but few acres. On that island of Insequin St. Brendan (ejus Vit. 16 May, cap. 59) built a chappell and worked divers miracles*. In the same island St. Meldan*, whose testivall day is on the 7th of February, was abbot of a fameous abby about the year 580. He was spiritual father to [the] great St. Furse® of Perone in France ; who carried the relicques of this saint along with him, and inshrined them at Perone. The isles of Lough Orbsen were pillaged, Anno 927, by the Danes‘ of Limerick. Y Insequin.— Now called Inis ui chuinn. This is one of the most remarkable of the Lough Corrib islands. It was anciently so celebrated that the entire lake was sometimes called Inre us Chuinn from it. * Miractes——Sce Colgan, in vita S. Moeni. That saint accompanied St. Bren- dan in his seven years’ voyage, and after- wards remained with him in this island of Inis mac Ify Chuinn, where one of the miracles alluded to was performed. ‘ Ubi meritis utriusque, legitur quidam istarum partium princeps (probably one of the “ferocious” O’Flaherties) viris Dei ex- itium minitans, miraculo perculsus, ab intentato flagitio destitisse, et ad pacem et ponitentiam reductus.”— Acta, SS. p. 413. * St. Meldan.—This saint was descended from Con Cedchathach (i. e. Con centum preeliorum, monarch of Ireland in the second century), whose descendants were called I{ui Cuinn; and, from the saint Echinis, and his kinsmen, the island of Inis wi Chuinn is said to have taken its name, Inis mac Hua Cuinn, i. e. the island of the descendants of Con. See Colgan, in Vita S. Meldani, p. 269. His festival, as above, was, for many ages, celebrated in this island. > St. Furse.—The patron saint of the O’Flaherties. See his life in Colgan, sd supra, p. 75. St. Meldan was his spiritual father and director. ‘“S. Meldanus filius Hua Cuind de Loch-Oirbsean in Conacisa fuit sinedrus seu Pater spiritualis S. Fur- soci.””—TJd. p. go, n. 19. See his life in Ven. Bede’s Eccl. History, b. iii; given also in Colgan, p. 87. © By the Danea— Thus related by the Four Masters, at A. D. 927 (common era, A. D. 929). §abail pon loc Oinbren vo Hullaib Cuimníá, agur mp an loca uo ongain voib. “ The Danes of Limerick took possession of Lough Orbsen, and pil- laged its islands.” From this period the history of the lake and its islands is brief. 23 Echinis‘, i.e. Horse Island, now Inis Gearain, or Garon Island, the same in sense as Horse Island, lyes very near Enagh-Coelain con- tinent, but nearer Ard, part of Aghnenure‘. of Arann visited St. Coelan, priest on Lough Orbsen. In this island St. Enna This St. Coelan is worshipped‘ the 25th of April, (Vita S. Endei, 21 Mar. A. D. 1061, the Muintir Murcha (i. e. the O’Flaherties of Magh Seola, or the country of Hy Briuin Seola, now the barony of Clare, in the county of Galway), took pos- session of Lough Orbsen, and expelled or deposed Aodh (Hugh) O’Conor.—ZJd. Dur- ing the violent contentions which took place between the O’Conors of Connaught for the sovereignty of the province after the death of Cathal Crovdearg, in A. D. 1224, Hugh, the son of Cathal, and his English allies, in A. D. 1225, marched with an army towards Lough Orbsen, and compelled Hugh O'Flaherty, lord of the lake and its islands, to deliver up to him the islands of Inis-creawa and Oilen na Circe, with all the vessels on the lake — Id. In A.D. 1256, Walter de Burgo, lord of Connaught, and first Earl of Uls- ter, marched against Roderick O’Flaherty, plundered the territories of Gnomore and Gnobeg, west of Lough Orbsen, and took possession of the lake, its islands and cas- tles. These he fortified, and by that means considerably increased the power of the English in Connaught. Echinis.—Now Inisgerraun, near the castle of Aghnenure. For this castle see the note next following. Echinis, and the other islands above mentioned, lie towards Cap. the western margin of the lake. Inisgear- rann and Ard-island are still known by the same names. Enagh Coelain is now called Annagh Keelaun. For the visit of St. Enna to Echinis, see Colgan, Acta SS. p- 709, n. 26. © Aghnenure.—A celebrated castle on the west side of Lough Orbsen, originally built by the De Burgo’s, but considera- bly enlarged and fortified in the sixteenth century by Morogh nad-tuagh O'Flaherty, as will appear in the sequel. The learned De Burgo, in his Hib. Dominicana, p. 309, has fallen into some mistakes respecting this castle, which it may be necessary to allude to in another place. f Worshipped.—i. e. his memory cele- brated, as our author further on expresses it, when speaking of St. Coelain, in the ac- count of Balinahinch barony, viz., that his memory was celebrated, that is, res- pected, honoured, or treated with reve- rence, which was the ancient sense of the term “ worship,” as still used in the Office of Matrimony of the Church of England, and by our author. So Ussher, passim, viz. of St. Mocteus, “ejusque ad hunc usque diem celebratur memoria.” — Primord. 855. “5. Patricii Hiberniae Apostoli honoratur memoria.” —Jd., 897. “ Duo Finiani quo- 24 cap.2:5:). Of him likely Enagh-Coelan, nigh Aghnenure, is named. Inis-flanann®, an island which retains the memory of St. Flanann, pa- tron of Balynduin parish. Inis an Ghoill", so called of a certain holy person who there lived of old, known only' by the name of An Gall Craibhtheach, 1 e. the devout forreigner: for Gall (i. e. of the Gallick nation)’, they call every foreigner. So Inis an Ghoill, or the foreigner’s island, between Ross and Moycullin barony on Lough Orbsen, containes half a quar- ter of pleasant land belonging to Cong Abbey, and hath a fine chap- pell therein which is not for the buriall of any body. On this island dyed Anno 1128, Murgess O’Nioc, archbishop of Tuam. Inis an Ghoill hath two chappells", the one dedicated to St. Patrick, the other to the saint of whom the island is named, which ad- mits not the buriall of any body, but in the first it 1s usuall to bury. Kirke Isle', or the Hen’s Island, lyes in that part of Lough rum unius die Februari, XXI”. alterius die Septembris x°. celebratur memoria.” — f1.954, et Index Chron., 1086. 8 Jnis-flanann.—Now Inistlanan or Inish- lannaun. It belongs to the neighbouring townland of Gortnashingan. See the ac- count of St. Flannan, in the parish of Ballindun. This island is situated about midway between h Inia an Ghoill.—Or Inchagoill. the towns of Oughterard and Cong, and It is celebrated for its ancient ecclesiastical remains, for which see the Additional Notes. i Known only.—i. e. The only name he was known by. 3 The Gallick nation.—The ancient Irish belongs to Cong parish. Orbsen called every foreigner Gall, viz., an alien or stranger. See Ware, De Hib. cap. vii. and Harris’s Edit. ii p. 59. k Two chappells.—For these and other particulars relating to this remarkable island, aee the Additional Notes. ' Kirke [sle—Some Scotch Presbyte- rians visited this small island on account of its name, and were disappointed at not finding a kirk in it. It les in the N. W. part of Lough Corrib, in that arm which receives the river of Belanabrack, and be- longs to the parish of Cong. This island was anciently celebrated for its castle, which, according to tradition, was built by the O'Conor, king of Connaught. See ante, p. 22, note (“). 25 Orbsen which is within Ross half barony ; and had a castell till bro- ken in Cromwell's time. Iniscreawa™, or Wild-garlick Isle, is near Cargin in the barony of Clare, a small island, where the walls and high ditch of a well fortified place are still extant, and encompass almost the whole island. Of this isle, Macamh Insicreawa, a memora- ble antient magician, as they say, had his denomination. Anno 12265, the Lord Justice of Ireland coming to the port of Iniscreawa, caused Odo” O'Flaherty, lord of West Connaught, to deliver’ that island, Kirke Island, and all the boats of Lough Orbsen, into the hands of Odo O'Connor, king of Connaught (Cathald Redfist’s son), for as- surance of his fidelity. Anno 1233, Fedlim, king of Connaught, bro- ther to the former, demolished the castles of Kirke Island, Galway", Hag Island, and Donoman‘. ™ Iniscreawa.—In Irish, Inir Cpeama, (cpeam, wild garlic). It lies in Lough Corrib, opposite the castle of Cargins, and belongs to the barony of Clare. See note (°). In it are the remains of an an- cient circular Cyclopean wall. See Map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-many. " Odo.—In Irish, Aodh, now Anglicised 66 Hugh.” ° Deliver.See ante, p. 22, note (°). P Galway.—In Irish, Caiplen na Oail- lim. This castle was built by O'Flaherty in A. D. 1124. See the Annals of the Four Masters at that year, where Dr. O’Conor translates “Ia conaccaib,” the Conna- cians, by ‘‘a Conachtense, i. e. Tordelvacho O’Conor.” But in a note to the Annals of Ulster, p. 389, he renders it correctly. The erection of these and other castles (which may yet be alluded to), before the IRISH ARCH. SOC. Is. Anno arrival of the English, shews with what caution the 22nd chapter of Ware’s An- tiquities should be read, and the asser- tions of other writers received on this point. They lay much stress on the Cas- trum mirificum, stated to have been built in Tuam by king Roderic, A. D. 1161. But we here see that castles were not, at that time, either so new or so uncommon as Ware has ventured to assert. It would, therefore, seem more reasonable to con- clude, that the castle of Tuam was called mirificum, wonderful, from its strength, than for the reasons which he alleged ; seeing that it was strongly built for de- fence of the sacred edifices there, which we know, from the Annals of Inisfallen, were stormed and despoiled some time before, by the Dalgais of Munster. a Donoman.—Irish, Oún lomguin, the E 26 Anno 1651, among the many strange and rare vicissitudes of our own present age, the Marquis of Clanrickard’, Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Earl of Castlehaven, and Earl of Clancarty, driven out of the rest of Ireland, were entertained, as they landed on the west shore of this lake, for a night’s lodging, under the mean roof of Murtagh Boy Branhagh, an honest farmer’s house, the same year wherein the most potent Monarch’ of Great Brittain, our present so- vereign, bowed his imperial triple crown under the boughs of an oak tree, where his life depended on the shade of the tree leaves. This lake breeds salmons, eels, and severall sorts of trouts, especially the delicate lough trout, of which kind there were two by chance catched, which had fair golden spots. It distributes the salmons Dun or fortress of Jomghuin, the pagan name of aman. Part of the Dun is still remaining. The castle is now called Duna- mon, and is situate on the River Suck, on the borders of the counties of Galway and Ros- common. According to tradition, this was anciently the residence of the chiefof the old Irish septofO’Finaghty, whose territory lay to the west of the river; but they were dispossessed by the Burkes, soon after the arrival of the English. For a curious ac- count of the O’Finaghties, see Mac Firbis’s great Book of Genealogies, of which a va- luable transcript is preserved in the Li- brary of the Royal Irish Academy. See also Hy-Fiachrach, p. 108. " Clanrickard.—This incident is not mentioned in the “ Memoirs of the Mar- quiss of Clanricarde,” fo. London, 1757; but it probably occurred about the be- ginning of October, A. D. 1651, for his among Lordship dates a letter from the castle of Aghnenure, on the 8th of that month. See Addenda to the Memoirs, p. 48. * Most potent Monarch.—Charles IL. Our author, here, and in other parts of his writings, seems to have been an ardent ad- mirer of royalty, in the person of this perfidious and ungrateful Monarch; from whom, to the last, the simple man vainly expected a restitution of his hereditary possessions in Jar-Connaught. See his de- dicatory epistle to the Duke of York, after- wards James II., prefixed to the Ogygia, for such expressions as the following: “sed me a ceptis,” the intended dedication of that work to Charles, “ deterruit summa in regem meum observantia, detinuit pu- dor, metusque. Oculorum aciem per- strinxit summe majestatis comtemplatio. Intercessore mihi opus esse judicavi,” &c. But these abject expressions were of no 27 among divers surrounding rivers, which mutually contribute their fish and water to it; and every salmon, if not hindered, will be sure to go to that river where first it was ingendred, and after spawning there, returns in due season to the sea. Here, some old seales' come along from the sea in pursuit of the salmons. Here is another kind of fish which hath recourse to the sea as the salmon, yearly to and fro, they are called chops, and in Irish, ¢rascain, very like herrings, only that herrings come not on fresh water. The river of Galway, whose channell is the conveyance of Lough Orbsen for four miles into the sea, slides with some meander windings in a slow and deep stream, till it comes near the town of Galway. But as it passes by the townes side it falls into the sea with a loud noise, in a shallow vehement stream of fair christalline water’. The right name of the river is Galliv, from the oblique whereof avail; our author, notwithstanding all his loyalty, died a plundered and disappointed man. © Seales.—The coasts of Iar-Connaught and its islands abound with seals. The curious account given of these animals by Martin in his description of the west- ern islands of Scotland, p. 62, et seq., would, in most respects, answer for our western islands and coast; the only dif- ference, perhaps, being, that with us seals are seldom slaughtered or used as food. See the affecting story of the domesticated seal, told by the ingenious author of ee Wild Sports of the West.” Many tra- ditions, connecting these harmless animals with the marvellous, are related along our western shores. Among these there is one of a curious nature, viz., that at some Gaillve, distant period of time, several of the Clan Coneelys(Mac Congaile), an old family of Iar-Connaught, were, by “ Art magick,” metamorphosed into seals! In some places the story has its believers, who would no more kill a seal, or eat of a slaughtered one, than they would of a human Coneely. It is related as a fact, that this ridiculous story has caused several of the clan to change their name to Conolly. u Christalline water —The redundant wa- ters of Lough Corrib, which flow unpro- fitably through the populous town of Galway, have been estimated as equal to 10,000 horse power in machinery. It is asserted, that with a moderate and ju- dicious outlay of capital, that great natural supply might be made highly profitable to the undertaker, and beneficial to the public. E 2 28 Gaillve, is formed Gallway’ and Galvia, whereby the town is now de- noted. The occasion of the name a very antient Irish distick ex- presses thus, translated: “ Ludit aquis mersam deluserat amnis Bressalii prolis, funere nomen habet". The name of Jordan” Island on this river, gave occasion to the Ana- baptists of the town, in Cromwell's days, to goe thither and dip them- selves by the island’s side, as alluding to the river of Jordan. There is an island, where the river issues from the lake, now called Olen-na-mbra-har or the Fryar’s Isle, but antiently Olen-na y-clereagh, i. e. the Clergy’s Isle ; for the Irish Anals mention that, anno 1178, from midnight to noon Galway river became dry’ from ’ Galle ay.—This town was formerly so celebrated in foreign parts, that an English uuthor, Heylin, writes of it,—“ Galloway, a noted emporie, and lately of so great fame with foreign merchants, that an out- landish merchant meeting with an Trish- man, demanded in what part of Galloway Ireland stood; as if Galloway had been the name of the island, and Ireland only the name of some town.” ¥ Nomen habet.—The “antient Irish distick” is given in the “ Dinn Seanchus,” as follows: Oulleam ingean Gpeapal buain Rup puchpare ’pa lino ldn-uanp, Cnn po búíoeaú in fez geal: Ucige ainmngéeap Gailleam. Thus in English: (ailleamh, daughter of lasting (prosperous) Breasal, Bathed in the full cool stream, Clergy Where the bright branch was drowned : From her the (river) Gailleamh is named. The original proceeds to state that the monument of this lady, Ga:lleamh, was to be seen on the brink of the river, where a large rock near its western bank is still pointed out as the site. Here itis intended, by some of the spirited inhabitants of the town, to restore that remarkable monu- ment, by erecting a column on the spot, with the above inscription; in order to dis- tinguish the place from which so large a portion of that part of Ireland has been named. x Jordan.—The fanatics of the time found their way even to this ‘distant angle” of the dominions of the common- wealth, after its reduction by Crom- well’s forces. But they soon began to persecute one another; of which see some curious instances in the Additional Notes. 29 Clergy Isle to the sea; and much fish and goods long afore drowned therein, found by the people of the town. It became dry the second time, anno.1190, wherein was found the head of a spear’, one cubit long (Ware, Ant. Hib., c. 12, pag. 65). It became suddenly dry in our own memory twice, first on Tuesday the 7th of September, anno 1647 ; the second time there was mighty great frost from the 28th of November, 1683, to the 3rd of February, whereby the river was all congealed, only the rapid streame from the wood-key of the town to the sea. This stream suddenly stoped on Wednesday, the 23rd of January, from the night before to the night after ; so as the channell was all along dry during that time, and though the frost continued as much after as before, yet the stream runned the day after and filled its channell, so continuing as usually before ; soe alsoe it did after the 7th day of September the first time’. This river hath the same fish with the lake whence it springs ; and in the mouth thereof, where the sea flowes, abundance of yelvers or eele frey is yearly taken in Lent time, till they wax black and stiffe about May. On the bridge, over the river from the town to the west, salmons are taken up by casting trident spears? at them, with long ropes to draw up the spears again. On 7 Became dry.—This is related in the Annals of the Four Masters as follows: “ (I. C. 1178, Abann nu Saillme vo tpacchaoh pm epf ldiche aiceanca ; na h-uile aiohme po bdohio innce ó chen, co n-a h-igrcc, vo chiondl la luche an oun, asur anzim ig-colccinne.” “The river Gaillimh became dried for the space of three natural days, and all the accoutre- ments that had lain in it from the earliest period, with its fish, were gathered by the people of the fortress and country.” * A spear.—See Ware’s Ant. Hibernice, c. xu. ‘In Annalibus Roscomanensibus, ad annum MCXC., fit mentio capitis Haste, ad longitudinem unius cubiti, reperti in fluvio Galive tum desiccato.” * The first time.—I do not find these oc- currences elsewhere related. Although the river has frequently become shallow since the above was written, yet no one, at present living, remembers to have seen it entirely “dry.” b Trident spears.—This curious method 30 On the west side, it is mearing with the barony of Moycullin and west liberties of the town; on the east with the east liberties, and baronys of Clare and Dunkellin. Galway, the chiefe town‘ of the province of Connaught, fameous for its handsome contrivement and fortification, its antient great traf- fick and dealings with forreigners, and the worthy parts and qualities of its cittizens, ly’s on the east side where the river meets with the sea on high water about the bridge. This bridge was built anno 1442, by Edmond Lynch Fitz Thomas. It borrowes its name from the river, and was called Dunbo na Gaillve, that is dun of Galway river's mouth. Dun is a fortified town, both with the ancient Gaules, Welsh, and Irish; and is the same that the antient Saxons called Burough, as Edenburow in English is Dun-Eden in Irish. It hath nothing to doe with the sense of hill or height, as Camden (Camd. Brit. titulo Wil shi.) and Sir Ja. Ware (Ware, Anúna. Hib. cap. to, p. 51) thought; only that such as were so called were usually situated on heights. Galway, therefore, was in antient times a burough’, and soe con- tinued of taking salmon was much practised in former times. The handle of the spear was about five feet in length, and wan se- cured at the top by a rope of sufficient extent. The spearman generally took his stand on the battlement of the bridge (see Hist. Galway, p. 30, and the old map of the town there given),and having capied the fich he seldom missed his aim, but the prae- tice has of late years been discontinued. © Chiefe town.—Thia was formerly the chief commercial town of Ireland. [tis remarkable fur its noble harbour, and other natural advantages; and probably in pro- cess of time, it may become one of the prin- cipal emporiums for trade between these countries and America. In such an event, Jar-Connaught would necessarily partici- pate in its prosperity, 4 Burough.—This town, or “ burough,” appeare to have existed before the arrival of the Anglo-Normans, and even to have heen a fortified town, though it never was built or inhabited by Ostmen, as Ware has boldly asserted of all the fortified towns of freland, See his Antiq. c. xii 31 tinued after the English invasion, being one of the Earles of Ulster their mannours, as appears by the ensuing annals and records. Anno 1124°, the castles of Dun-leo’ (now Belanaslow), Galway, and Kulmaile® (now Killoony, in the county of Sligoe), were built. Anno 1132, the castle of Galway demolished by Monstermen in- vading it by sea, and Conor O'Flaherty, Lord of West Connaught, slain by them. Anno 1149, Tordelvac O’Bryan, king of Munster, invaded Con- naught, and dismantled Galway Dun. Anno 1154, the ships of Galway Dun, and of Conmacnymara, sent upon an expedition to the north. Anno 1161, fantastical ships" were seen in the harbour of Gal- This assertion of Ware, in support of which he has not adduced any authority, will, it is hoped, attract the attention of some of the learned members of the Irish Arche- ological Society. e Anno 1124.—This, and most of the facts related in the text to A. D., 1271, inclusive, will be found detailed in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the respec- tive years mentioned above. For that at A. D. 1230, see the Annals of Inisfallen. f Dun-leo.—Irish, Ounleoda, the dun or habitation of Leodha, now anglicised Dun- loe, which gives name to a street in Bal- linasloe. There is an old Irish family of the name of Low, still highly respectable, the head of which, I believe, resides at Low-ville, near Ballinasloe, in the Co. of Galway; but whether they descend from the Leodh, after whom this fortress was named, does not appear. way g Kulmaile.—Ir. Cul Maoile, now Co- loony, a small town about five miles south of Sligo. Another castle was erected there by Morogh, son of Cormac Mac Donogh, in A. D. 1408.—Four Masters. h Fantastical ships.—Our annalists, in recording this occurrence, call these ships longer vemnacoa, which Dr. O'Conor translates, ‘‘ Naves bellice,” Four Masters, p. 807. This does not, however, convey the meaning of oemnacoa, which literally sig- nifies devilish or diabolical, from veaman (demon), the evil spirit. But our author’s phrase, “fantastical ships” (viz., visionary, or having the appearance of a phantom, not real), was happily chosen to express this instance of atmospherical refraction. The writer remembers to have seen, when a boy, a well-defined aerial phenomenon of this kind, from a rising ground near the mountain of Cruach-Patrick, in Mayo. 32 way Dun to saile against the wind, and the next day Galway Dun tooke fire. Anno 1230, Richard de Burgo, Lord of Connaught and Lord Justice of Ireland, constituting Fedlim O'Connor King of Connaught, besieged Odo O'Flaherty, Lord of West Connaught, in the castle of Galway, on the east side of the river ; and he being relieved on the west side by Odo, King of Connaught (son of Roderick, last King of Ireland), the besiegers quitted the siege. Anno 1232, the same lord, Richard Burk, built a castle in Gal- way, having restored Odo O'Connor, and confined Fedlim O'Connor. Anno 1233, Fedlim, set at liberty, became King of Connaught, by the death of Odo, and broke down Galway, Kirke, Hag, and Duno- man castles. Anno 1247, the town and castle of Galway burnt. Anno 1271, Walter de Burgo, Earle of Ulster, and Lord of Con- naught, dyed in the castle of Galway. Anno 1342, Richard Cadell, sirnamed Black, of whom the Blakes of Galway are dessended, was bailiffe of Galway under Richard de Burgo, the Red Earl of Ulster. Anno 1313, the Lord John Burk, son and heir of Richard the Red Earle of Ulster, dyed at Galway. Anno 1333, in an office found upon William, Earl of Ulster (son to the said Lord John), his death, which begins, “ Inquisitio capta apud Clare coram Johanne Morice, Esxeactore Domint Regis in Hi- bernia, It was ón a eerene evening in the autumn weet conat of Ireland. of 1798. Plundreds who nlao witneseed the 1 The Red Karl, .—For some curious do- scene believed it enpernatucal , bufit wna enments concerning the Red Earl” and BOOT afterwards fond tohave been canard the “ labore of Galway,” sce the Ad- hy the fleet of Adiniral Warren, then in ditional Notes, pursuit of a French squadron, off the 33 bernia, 8° die Decemb. anno regni Edwardi III., septimo, there is the ensuing mention of Galway, 11" 6” per ann. de tribus villatis terre cum dimidio in Burgagio del Galliv, quas Burgagii ibidem tenent libere in feodo. Est ibidem quedam domus lapidea que solebat dimitti per ann. pro 66” 8% et modo nihil inde percipitur, quia prostrata venit ad terram et est ibidem alia domus quam comes emit de Wellielmo Marescallo (the eldest branch of immi Gal- way were called Marshalls, till that branch was extinguished in the male line) que 11* reddit per ann. Item placita et perquisita hun- dred ibidem, solebat valere per ann. 5" The ruines of the earle’s house called Clogh-an-hiarla, or the earl’s stone, are still extant in Galway nigh the key, where there is a well dedicated to St. Brendan, patron of Enagh-duin diocess, wherein was Galway, whose feast, 16th May, usually kept holy by the key-street dwellers of old. Anno 1369, upon the death of Lyonell Duke of Clarence, the ensuing office was found. Inquisitio apud Dublin die Veneris prox- imo post assumptionem B. Marie, anno 43 Edwardi III. Regis Anglis et Francie 307° Leonellus Dux Clarencise tenuit de domino rege in capite, die quo obiit, et de jure Elizabethe uxoris sux fille Williclmi Comitis Ultonix, manneria de Logh-reagh, Tobarbride, Toyloghoban’, Loghmesg, Sligoc*, Galway et Portdempne', que va- luerunt ei 200" per ann. Toyloghoban.—Now Tuluban, in the county of Galway. See Gratianus Lucius, p- 263, for a remarkable occurrence which took place there in the time of that writer; and which may serve to shew the mise- rable state to which the people of Ireland were reduced at that period. k Sligoe.—This place is first mentioned in our Annals, at A.D. 537 (Tigernach, A.D. 543), when a great battle was IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. By fought there, in which Eogan Bel, fourth Christian king of Connaught, was slain. An historical account of Sligo, from that period to the present, would prove an im- portant addition to the history of Ireland. It would necessarily include the transac- tions of the great family of O’Donnell ; which of themselves would form a most eventful narrative. For such a work ample and interesting materials are extant. 34 By process of time after this Galway had its annual magistrates called portriffs. Portriffe in the old Suxon tongue is the magistrate of a sea-port as the sherriffe is of a shire. I find that James Develyn was, Anno 1431", portriffe of Galway. This family is since extinct, and the Darcys of Galway are their generall heirs. The Develin’s arms", still extant, carved in stone in James Reagh Darcy's house in Abby-gate street, is the same with the Dillon’s arms. After portrifles their annual mayistrates were a sovereign and portriffe under him, for every year, till by the concession of King Richard III. (Ware, Henry VIT. ad ann. 1500), Anno 1486, the last year of his reigne, they exchanged them for mayors and two bay- lifles ; who were elected on Lammas-day, and tooke their places on Michaelmas-day the 2gth September. About the same time as aforementioned, Donagh O'Murry, Arch Bishope of Tuam, instituted a colledge® (ibid. ad ann. 1501) for St. ! Portdempune.—Irish Popromna, still well known as the town and manor of Portumna, situate on the west bank of the Shannon, in the county of Galway. Here anciently stood the great castle of Oo Madden, which, with the surrounding territory, is said to have passed to the De Burgos of Clanrickard, by marriage with one of the O'Maddens. “Composition” with Queen Elizabeth, In the Connaught A.D. 1585, it was specially provided, that the Earle of Clanrickard " shall have the castle or manor of Portumny, and fower quarters of land there, free, wherof he is now said to be seized as of his in- heritance, fully discharged of all rents and demands of O' Madden.“—See Appendix I. ™ Anno 1431.—During the above inter- Nicholas’ val, several occurrences have been omitted by our author, Among others, in A.D, 1399, ** Galway was taken and plunder- ed by Ulick Burke, and innumerable were the spoils taken from it, both gold and silver, and all kinds of goods."—MS, in Trin. Col. Lib. H. 35. p. 320. The Four Masters record, that in A.D. 1424, Mac William of Clanrickard, i.e. Click Burke, died, after having subdued the devil and the world. 0 Pereliva Arma.—These arms may still be seen on an elaborately carved chimrey- piece, in the ald house. or rather castle, above alluded to. ° A colledye.—Several bulls and other original documents of ancient date, re lating to this once celebrated institution, 35 Nicholas’ church in Galway, of a wardian and eight chorall vicars, whereunto where appropriated nine parishes of the diocess ; which had as many parish vicars, all under the wardian, as well as the eight chorall vicars which served the high church and the town. The wardian is yearly elected by the common vote of the citizens, as the mayor is; but continued in one person for many years, during the pleasure of the electors. Dominick Duffe Linch Fitz-John, second mayor, and brother to the first, was chief founder of the colledge. There was but a small chappell soon before in this place. The church was de- dicated to St. Nicholas Bishope of Myra, in Licia, worshipped the 6th of December: on which day Galway men invited to their table such as they would have to keep Christmas? next with them. Anno 1486', 29th September, Pierce Lynch Fitz-John Boy, took are inserted in the Addenda hereto. This is done with a view of saving them from oblivion, and of aiding, even by a little, the future ecclesiastical historian of Ireland. P To keep Christmas.—‘‘ Galway men” were formerly noted for their hospitality, which they carried to such excess, that the civic authority was often obliged to inter- fere, in order to check or regulateit. Thus in A.D. 1518, it was enacted, ‘‘ that no man of this town shall oste or receive into ther housses at Christmas, Easter, nor no feaste elles, any of the Burkes, M‘Wil- liams, the Kellies, nor no cepte elles, withoute license of the mayor and councill, on payn to forfeit £5: that neither O ne Mac shall strutte ne swaggere thro’ the streets of Gallway.”—Orig. Corporation Book. After this law, the good people here gradually grew more thrifty, inso- his much, that their hospitality at length often required a spur to stimulate it. Thus, whenever a stranger, viz., “ any of the Burkes, M‘Williams, or Kellies,” found himself uninvited to dinner, he had only to appear abroad in his boots and spurs, and they seldom failed to insure him an invitation. But even this pleasant expedient is now of no avail, so far have we departed from the good old customs of former times. 8 Anno 1486.—The well-known story of the mayor of Galway, who, about this time, is said to have condemned and exe- cuted his only son, “ for killing and break- ing faith with strangers,” is not noticed by our author. As he possessed the best means of information, it 1s not probable that he would have passed over so singu- lar an occurrence in silence, if he had con- F2 36 hin Place As first mayor of Galway, of whose family was the last mayor of Galway, Phomas Lynch Fitz-Ambrose, deposed, anno 165.4, hy the usurped power, together with his two sheriffes, Richard Lynch’ Mita dames and Anthony French Fitz-Peter, contrary to the publick faith, upon rendition of the town past. Most of the mayors of Gal- way were of the same family; the ancestor of whom was William acy, son of Thugh de Lacy, first Lord Justice of Ireland, and of the daughter of Roderick O'Connor, last King of Ireland. Anno tors, in the mayoralty time of Richard Bodkin, the corpora- tion of Galway was erected by King James into a county of the town of Galway, different from the county of Galway abroad, to be governed by wimnyor and two sherifls. ‘Phe King's sword given to be carried before the mayor: and the liberties of the town to be enlarged two Patrick Martin and Christopher Bodkin were the first sheiills “The same tune, the company of the young men, which was instituted Anno ig2i, in the mayoralty time of William Martin, had their patent trom the mayor and corporation, to make by lawn for the well governing of their company; and that their miles of each side capt should sit next after the sheriffs. Anno tole ge Pout tee be (hike, The Olds bol eer: trustees shall seen meete : to which pur- peneedeaa the truth of the prone My will is. that they procure a ehar- Iain]; story pus Ww deal “US pode datas i Panch Fhís was forte dy the lend- Ss lais deca , mm ALA ~plendid nets of He daththeenes tomate on reeord, Among tld ut Denny foc, Bart, by his will hated tyth Now, 1% 83, bequeathed us “Thom 2 g00 out of the profits bail doses oboe cof iú larth af Galway, shalhe fefdacn | Híy tee fthintent that such porre Fen tytn te tyne, forever, be preferred wath, nch cobaapertent portions, us fa my ter of Incorporation, by the name of * The Gsuardians of the poore Mavdens of Gal- way.” with licence to purchase land to that use. And that in preferring of such maydens, those that shall be of the Linches shall be first: provvded, and next them of the Martines."— Orig. Will in the Prero- gative Office, Dublin. See the Miscellany of the Trish Archwological Suciety, vol. i. for further particulars of the Lynch fa- mily. 37 Anno 1628, in the mayoralty time of Sir Richard Blake, King Charles the First granted the mayors to be of the king’s counsell for the government of the town and county at large; and in commission Joined with the governours of Galway to execute marshall law. They were alsoe chief in commission for the assizes kept in the county of the town, and admiralls of all the ports and creeks within the Bay of Galway to the Isles of Aran: whereupon it happened, Anno 1629, John Lynch Fitz-Richard being mayor, that the judge of assizes fined the mayor in a 1oo" for not attending him at court; whereof the mayor, having notice, came tu court, and fined the judge" 200° for presuming beyond his commission. The mayor’s court had the decision of any sum unlimited; and his warrant of attachment went over the whole province of Con- naught. Four of them died the year of their mayoralty, viz., Andrew Brown, Anno 1574; James Darcy, Anno 1603; Robert Martin, Anno 1622; and Marcus Blake, Anno 1629; and four of them were deprived of their mayoralty for recusancy, inasmuch as their con- sciences did not lead them to take the oath of the King’s absolute supremacy over the Church, viz., Oliver Brown, deposed the 8th of January, 1623, Sir Valentine Blake, Baronet (with his two sheriffs, Andrew Lynch and Thomas Blake), the 13th of Nov. 1611; Sir Peter French, Anno 1616, being fined‘ in a hundred pounds ster. ; and $ Fined the judge.—The petulance of the judge has often been known to lessen the dignity of the bench. At the time alluded to, ““ Assizes” were of recent introduction in the west of Ireland; and our doughty mayor considered himself fully on an equality with the petulant judge. For ludicrous anecdotes of two of these old- going “ judges of assize,” whose names were Jacob and Sparke, see Gratiunus Lucius, p. 253. © Fined.— These fines for recusancy must be considered severe, when com- pared with those imposed on the citizens of Dublin at that period. In A.D. 1613, the commissioners appointed to inquire into “general grievances,” in their report to the King (a curious historical document, 38 and Oliver Martin deposed after his election, the 27th September, 1632. The aldermen were chosen at evening, the last of July, by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen who bore office only, at which time one or two were supplyed for election yearly, in place of the mayor afore elected, and aldermen deceased. The next day they went to election by the major vote of the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses only; until in the year 1624, all freemen were made capable to vote; whereby Robert Blake Fitz-Walter was chosen, who was the first mayor not questioned for recusancy for thirty years before. Their order of precedency was,—1, the mayor; 2, recorders; 3, baronets and knights; 4, aldermen who were mayors; 5, sheriffes; 6, the captain of the young men; 7, aldermen in election; 8, chamberlain ; g, esquires and counsellors at law; 10, burgesses that did undergoe office; 11, the rest according to their age and calling. Saint Francis’ Abbey by the river on the north side of the town, was founded, Anno 1296, by Sir William Bourk" (Lord Warden of never published) stated, that “the laws in force for maintenance of God's true re- ligion are in very few places put in due execution, in regard that, in the country and corporate townes, with great dithculty is to be found any jury that will present reeusanta; and in the city of Waterford, the laws for religion cannot be executed :” and they recommended “a constant course to be held in execution of the laws, for compelling his Majesty’s subjects te at- tend the preaching of the word, and hear- ing of divine service—for suppressing of Popish schools—establishment of school- masters—weeding out Popish priests— Ireland, and, instead of idle and scandalous minis- ters, to place those that are learned and painful.”"— fot, Pat. 16 Jac. 1. p. 3. No. 6. u Ar William Bourk.— Roger O' Ferrall, in his curious Book of Genealogies, pre- served in the Othee of Arms, Dublin, gives the following account of the founders of this family : * Richard D*Burgo, the elder, son of William Fitz-Adelm, called by the Irish (tor a distinction between him and his younger brother, Richard the younger, aueestor to the Earls of Clan- rickard), Muc na Cunouoipe Suyanupgie —the English countesse’s son, was Lord Justice of Ireland, A. D. 1229, und Lord of 39 Ireland, Anno 1308), there interred, Anno 1324. He was brother's son to the above Walter Earl of Ulster, and ancestor of the Bourks of Mayo" county. Our Lady’s Church, on the west side of the river, was a small chappell of old belonging to the Premonstratences’ Abbey of Tuam ; wherein stood a statue of our blessed Lady, much frequented by the devotion of the people. The Premonstratences granted the place to St. Dominick’s Order of Athenry; who founded there a convent of Connaught; which last title (some say) he acquired in right of his wife Una, or Agnes, daughter of Hu. O’Connor, King of Connaught (by Ranalt his wife, daugh- ter of Arley O’Ferrall, King of Con- macny,) son of Cathal Crovdhearg, King of Connaught, and of Mop, or Maud O’Bryan, his Queen. He had by his said wife Agnes, two sons, Walter and William. The latter was ancestor to the Lord Vis- count Mayo, and the rest of the Burkes of the Co. Mayo, whose chiefs were, after him, called M‘Wiliam Ejghter.” The son of this last named William, was “Sir William Burke, Lord Warden,” mentioned in the text. See also Lodge, vol. ii. p. 126. Y Bourkes of Mayo.—John Smyth * De Burgh,"’ eleventh Earl of Clanricarde, in the ‘‘ Pedigree of De Burgh,” prefixed to his edition of the Memoirs and Letters of (his “ dead ancestor,” as he called him) Ulick, Marquiss of Clanricarde, fol. Lond. 1757, states that Sir William Burke, é“ Lord Warden,” had seven sons, viz., “ Ulick, his successor, Sir Edmond, ances- tor to the Lord Viscount Mayo, Richard, St. Sir Redmond, Sir Thomas, made Lord Treasurer of Ireland the 17th of July, 1331, John de Burgo, made Archbishop of Tuam in 1341, who died in 1350, and Henry.”—Pedigree, p.x. For all this the noble editor has adduced no authority, possibly considering his own assertion sufficient. What relates to John, how- ever, is evidently incorrect (see Harris's Ware, vol.i. p. 612), and much of the re- mainder is very doubtful. Lodge, who has merely copied the Memoir, pretends to correct the error as to John, by making him father of the Archbishop. O’Ferrall, in his book before quoted, omits “ Ulick his successor,” and says that Sir Edmond (called Albanagh) was the first son, and then names Richard, John, and Philip, ‘only : but O’Ferrall does not refer to any authority. I mention these discrepancies here merely to direct attention to them, and to refer the reader to Mac Firbis’s Irish Pedigrees, as, perhaps, superior authority on these subjects. History requires that the descent of so important a family should be rendered as clear and perfect as possible. 40 St. Dominick’s Order”. Fa. Danicl Nolan, Pryor of this convent, Anno 1672, deceased ; Anno 1669, built there a large chappell, and covered it with brick. Margaret Athy, the wife of Stephen Lynch (Fitz-Dominick Duffe ), mayor of Galway, Anno 1506, in the absence of her husband on a voyage beyond sea, built the Abbey of St. Augustin’s Order of Hermits’, on the hill the south side of the town. St. Bridget’s Hospitall on the east side of the town, was built by the corporation, Anno 1542. Thomas Lynch Fitz-Stephen being a mayor, and a maid servant of one of the burgesses, by their turns, handsomly attired, with a plate cup in her hand, every Sunday about dinner time, visited all the houses in town to collect almes’ for it. Among the founders of pious works, Margaret Joyce Fitz-John, the wife of alderman Oliver Og French, 159%, mayor, is not to be ¥ St. Dominick's: Order.—For an ac- count of this convent, see Zthernica Do- minicana, Pp. 322. * Order of Hermits.—The clergy, both regular and secular, were formerly well endowed and supported, and at all times obeyed and respected by the community, as well here as in every other part of Ireland. * Sacerdotes apud illos maygnam obtinent dignitatem,” says Stanihurst, De Rehua Hib. po 4g, A.D. 1584. See also Roth's Analecta, p. 160; and O'Sullivan'’s Hist. Cathdl. tol. 227. Of this we have the following further unequivocal testimony, in“ The Image of [reland,” by John Der- rick, London, 1g81 3 reprinted, in Scott's * Somers’ Tracts,” valuable edition of gto. Lond. 1809: “ Friers have chectest and hievst roomes at feastes amongst the omitted : Irishrie, and why should not we give them like honour at the galluwes.”—vol. i. p: §89. ¥ Al/mes.—Soon after this period it be- came necessary toobtain the royal license to “collect alme".” In the reign of James I. the learned antiquary Stowe, at the age of eighty years, obtained license, by letters patent, to ask alins for the space of twelve months, for his subsistence! In Ireland such Jicenses were frequent. On = 20th August, A.D. 1618, Ellin Daniel, of Youghal, under the King’s letters, to ask charitable benevo- obtained — license lence for two years, to relieve herself, and to redeem her husband who was taken by pirates at sea, and sold te the Turks— fot. Pat. 16 Jac. I. p. 3, No. 20. 41 omitted: who for charity and good commonwealth’s sake built se- verall stone bridges” through all Connaught, from Galway to Sligoe, One day as she sat by the work of a bridge, an eagle let fall a golden ring with a precious stone (not known to any lapidary) into her bosom, preserved still by her posterity’. The town of Gallway was besieged the 8th of July,1651, by the forces of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England, under the conduct of Sir Charles Coot®, Earl of Montrath. The siege con- * Bridges.—The bridges of Ireland, as well before as since the arrival of the Eng- lish, their materials and form, when and by whom erected, and the historic facts connected with them, would form an in- teresting subject of antiquarian research. Those ancient structures have been alto- gether overlooked by our published wri- ters ; for, the few imperfect remarks con- tained in the publications of the Royal Dublin Society, called ‘Statistical Sur- veys, are undeserving of notice. The Annals, however, would furnish some an- cient information ; and much, of a more recent date, would be found among our state and legal records. It is therefore hoped, that the subject may be considered worthy the attention of some of the learned members of the Irish Archeological So- ciety. See Lynch, in Vita Kirovani, pp. 43, 4: beginning, “In multa laude quondam pontium extructio posita fuit, nec ultima pontificum cura fuisse videtur lis condendis incumbere, cum 4 pontibus faciendis Varro Pontificis nomen deducat.” After which the author mentions, that IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. tinued Bishop Kirwan built several bridges in Connaught at his own expense; and re- lates a circumstance which occurred be- tween him and William Daniel, Arch- bishop of Tuam (the translator of the New Testament into Irish), no way discreditable to the memory of that learned prelate. * Posterity.—This story may, in all pro- bability, be attributed to some inventive genius of the Joyce family. That such an exemplary lady, however, did exist, and that she was humane and charitable, and even that she did build bridges in her day, are all very probable; but ‘the eagle,” and the “ golden ring,” and the “ precious stone not known to any lapidary,” may safely be left to be “‘ preserved still by her posterity.” Stanihurst, A. D. 1576, has handed down a similarly fabulous account of another ‘ chast widow, a politike dame, a bountifull gentlewoman, called Rose of Rosse ;” for which see Holinshed, vol. vi. Lond. ed. 1808, p. 30. See also note to the Statute of Kilkenny, p. 58. bh Sir Charles Coot—On the 12th May, 1645, he was appointed Lord President of G 42 tinued 40 weeks, till the 15th day after the solar eclipse, it was surrendred® by consent of the King’s Lord Deputy of Ireland, the 12th of Aprill, 1652, next day after Palm Sunday, on certain articles ; by which they were to enjoy their estates in town and liberties with- out diminution, and two-thirds of their estates abroad, with as full liberty to trade at home and abroad as other English subjects had, and not pay taxes but in proportion with their neighbours. The Bay" of Galway whereunto the rivers fall, was called of old Connaught, * by consent of Parliament.” See his patent, with the sanguinary in- structions (which, though acted upon, were never, [ believe, published), inrolled on Cromwell's Rolls? No. 1, Memb. 7. in the Rolls Othice, Dublin. “ Surrendred.—* Many were amazed to see upon what easie terms they parted with their last important town, a place of ureat streneth, and had they been re- This writer, if any thing related by him = can sulute, invincible." —Borluce, 301. be believed, adds.that it was surrendered “without so much as consulting the Lord Deputy, or asking his leave, though he was within less than half day's journey.” Our author above contradicts this states ment: but that there were traitors within the walls, appears trom a state letter Which will be found in the Additional Notes hereto, 4 Bay.—This bay is remarkable for one of the most considerable fishing colonies in Ireland, whose Village, the Claddagh, is situate near the town, on the west bank ot the river. The Spot is supposed, with Lough every probability, to have been occupied as a fishing station, since the first peopling of this island. That it was so in the f7/th century of Christianity, appears from the life of St, Endeus, compiled from ancient authorities, by A. Mac Raiden, about A. D. 1300, and published by Colgan in A. D. 1645. See Acta S.S. p. 709, s. Xxiv. * Post have venit S. Endeus in terram, que Medraighe dicitur.” This place is now called Madree, It is a peninsula running about five miles in a direct line into the bay of Galway, to the south of the town: s. xxv. Veniens post hae S. Endeus ad mare, Vvidens thí graenforea, quasivit: ab els prose et suis, Pisces, Qui respondentes dixerunt ; pisees ad nos a mari de Arann venerunt, et tibnconecdimus illos prope alrann capere, ef habere, ef tu nos hie permitte maris nostri habere pisces, Au- diens hoe responsum malorum, unus puer metus spiritú Dei, dixit; unum habeo piscem, quem mihi Deus ministravit, et tibh eum coneedo. 2... . Exiens inde S. Pater Endeus, pervenit ad porta, qué dariqit ad sain nomine Orbeen, et ro- 43 Lough Lurgan; and Lough Lurgan was counted one of the three most ancient lakes of Ireland. Lough-fordremon in Kerry, and Lough Kera in Mayo County, being the two other. It is seaven leagues from Galway to the Iles of Aran, westward, and a league eastward on the south side of Galway. It divides the county of Clare on the south, from Moycullin Barony on the north of it, three leagues asunder. In this haven, Lugad Mac-con, with a fleet of forreigners, arrived, Anno D. 250; and became King of Ireland, by killing of Art, King of Ireland in battle’, about Athenry, eight miles from Galway. Eastward from the Iles of Aran to Slimhead, are seaven leagues of sea on the south side of the barony of Balinahinsy, and on the north side of Kerry, and the bay of Lymerick in a spacious distance. On all this western coast from Galway to Slimhead, the 4th of Febr. 1683, upon breaking of the long continued frosty weather, the night before being Sunday, there was such a deale of eels, congers, and gurnards, ne. For an account of this famous battle, see our author’s Oyygia, p. 327. The plain on which it was fought, and on which as on Aghrim, a kingdom was lost and won, is well known. Even the par- gavit Deum, ut propter merita istius pu- eri 404 nati, qui piscem sibi dederat, copia piscium ibi esset.” The harbour which directs to the lake named Orbsen, accu- rately points out the site of the Claddagh fishing village, where the boy who gave his fish to Endeus, was born,—vbz nati. This is the oldest known reference to it extant. The language, and most probably the manners, of this singular colony, have undergone no change since the days of St. Endeus, now nearly 1400 years ago. For “ Lough Lurgan” and the “ county of Clare” mentioned above, see the Addi- tional Notes hereto. e Batile—The battle of Magh Mucru- ticular place where Art was killed, be- tween the castles of Moyveola and Kilcor- nan, is still pointed out by the same name, Turloch Airt, as in the days of our author. It would be creditable to the proprietor of the soil here, whoever he may be, to mark this classic spot with a suitable mo- nument. It might, moreover, afford a few days’ employment and food to some of the starving inhabitants of the neighbour- hood. G 2 44 yurnards, some quick, some dead, cast ashore every where for seve- ral] days, so as the like was not seen in the memory of any man before; yet the sea was not frose. The ocean towards the west hath no Jimits nearer than America. From Slimehead seven leagues to Bofin', northward; and thence to Koelshaly Roe, the western ocean flows between the Owles in the county of Mayo, and the north side of the barony of Ballynahinsy. Fill moon at four o'clock thirty minutes, causes high water in all these western cousts. whenee now to the continent. So much of the borders of West Connaught, The half barony of Rosse®, commonly called Joyce Countrey from f Phofin. Borlahaly-roe. ~The Owlea.— Hefin sdand wall be found noticed further on, Koelahaly roe, in Irish, Caol pate pedo, means the narrow reddish brine ; hut nowcorruptly pronounced Caol pane bui, which has no meaning. ‘This was occamoned by substituting the letter p for Van the word pene ; and from the Trish inal pronuneimtion, the place has been ealled in English then Killary. ‘This is a well known atrait, or indet of the ocean, much celebrated by modern tourists which divides the barony of Ballinatineh, or Co- noma, in the county of Galway, from the lmrony of Muttick, in the county of Mayo. It in again alluded to towards the end of thor trent, ‘The Owles are the present Iotomie oof Miurnisk and = Borrishoole, in the county of Muyo. 9 They are again mentioned further on, in our author's de- sen apet eons of thre: barony of Ballinahieh. © floaae. Ror, translated promeontorium by Colgan, doyre Con ntrey. — Nhoyea. — a Welsh Acta SS. p. 603, n. 11; and nemus by O'Sullevan, Hist. Cathol. fol. 188. The former meaning it generally bears in the north, and the latter in the south of Ire- My learned friend Mr. O'Donovan informs me, that in a note from Ware's MSS. in Nomenclat. Hib. MS. by Arch- dall, it is translated Josevs, as Ror oa lon, i. © nemus duarum merularum ; and that in Cormac’s Glossary it is interpreted piobuioe, a wood. It enters largely into the names of places in Ireland. Our ba- rony was named from the old castle of Ross, which was itself so called from the land on which it stood, on the western banks of Lough Measg. It was originally a barony, but before our author’s time was reduced to nhalf barony. See Appendix L A docu- ment entitled the “ Division of Connaught,” dated A. D. 1586, preserved in the Cotton Lib., British Museum, places the barony of Rae in the county of Mayo. and states it to contain “the Joyes, Walshes and Partrish land. 45 a Welsh family of Yoes, Joas, or Shoyes, which held that land from the O’Flaherties (formerly part of Partry-an-tslevy", which extended from St. Patrick’s Hill in the Owles, to Lough Orbsen), hath the barony of Balynahinsy, Koelshaly Roe, and the Owles on the west of it, and by a high ridge of mountaines called Formna-mor, is divided on the north from the same Owles. From that mountain, Bruin River, falling into Lough Measg, separates Partry mountain in the barony of Kera, from Kilbridy' townland, the north side of Lough (Partry) lands, xii myles long and viii broad. Mc. Thomas and MF. Tybod chief in the same ;” and it then enumerates the following ‘‘Gent. and their castles, viz., Mac Thomas, Castlekirke; Murrogh ne dow, Ballynonagh ; Mc. Envile, Ballene- sleo; Abbé Mc. Envile, Cloynlaghell ; Richard ME. Moyler Joy, Castlenew.”— Titus, B. xiii. fo. 399. See the Additional Notes for further particulars of Joyce Country and the Shoyes. Partry -an-tslevy.— Paprpaige an c-pleibe, Partrigia de monte. See Harris’s Ware, vol. ii. p. 53. In this district of Partry of the mountain, the Joyces settled under the O’Flaherties in the thirteenth century ; and here, as we are told in the In- denture of Composition, A. D. 1585, the O’Flaherties, at some former time, got “ eighteen quarters of land in Ballynenagh (Baile Inneonagh), from some of the Boorks, as is said, for an Hricke.”_-See Appendix. Before the O’F laherties, or their tributa- ries the Joyces, settled here, O’Cavain, O’Kyne; O’Oopéunve, anglicized Dorcey and Darcey ; and O’Gopmog, O’Gormog, Measg, were the ancient chiefs of Partry of the Mountain. St. Patrick's Hill_A remark- able conical mountain (within view of which this is written) in the barony of Murrisk and county of Mayo; called in Irish Cnuac Phdonaie, i.e. the “ rick” (here pronounced reek) or “stack” of Pa- trick ; and Cnuacan mg, translated by Colgan in Trias Thaum. p. 138, col. 1, “ Mons Aquile,” Mounteagle. i Kilbridy.— Kilbride, so called from the chapel of St. Bridget, mentioned im- mediately after. By letters patent of King James L, dated 3oth May, A. D. 1619, Rot. Pat. an. 16°. pars 2, numerous lands in this half barony of Ross, were granted to Edward Grana Joyce, of Kilbride, Gent., and to several others of the clan. This grant, although many other per- sons were included in it, may yet be con- sidered the great charter of the Joyces, after the Indenture of Composition, A. D. 1585, contained in the Appendix I. Of the other places mentioned in the above para- graph, the parish of Balynchala, is now called Ballinacalla, or Ballincholla, baile 46 Measg, in the half barony of Rosse, and yet belonging to the parish of Balynchala on the south side. In Kilbridy there is a chappell and well dedicated to St. Bridget. There is on the south of it an arm of Lough Measg, which shoots into the countrey westward about four miles to Glenntre[s]ky. On the west of Kilbridy townland is Lough-na-fohy Lake, out of which the river of Gairge comes into that arme of Lough Measg. Within that arm of Lough Measg is the Earl’s Island’, where Edmond Burk‘, second son of Richard the Red Earl of Ulster, Anno 1). 1338, was put to death; which should be therefore rather called an Chala, the townland of the Callow, anciently Cula Coca Mearga. The cha- pel dedicated to St. Bridget is now in It gave name to the townland of The well, called Cpo bmigoe, is near it; and also another “holy” well called Cobap Mhuipe. Glenntresky, Bleann Tpeipge, is named ruins. Kilbride, on which it stands. Glantrague in Larkin’s map of the county of Galway. Lough na fohy, Coc na Feo- tad, is now called Lough na feoy, and is Gaire, inse; river is now called the Finney, 1 The Earls Ieland.—lt is still known hy the same name, Oileán an lanla. It in the parish of Ross. lies in that arm of Lough Mask which runs up to Toorluggach, in the parish of Ross, k Edmond Burk.—i. e. De Burgo, De Burgh, Bourke, Burke, but seldom Burk, The Earl of Clanriearde, in the " Pedigree of De as written by our author. Burgh” before referred to, p. 39, note’, has omitted the above historical fact of the the murder of this unfortunate nobleman. In Lodge’s Peerage of Ireland, the man- ner in which it was perpetrated is told correctly enough ; but, as often occurs in that work, an error is committed by stat- ing, that “the stone was fixed about his neck by his kinsman, Edward Buourk Mac By this * kinsman” was probably meant Sir Ed- mond Albanach, for whom see p. 39, note * ; William.’—See vol. i. P: 121. but that Ae did not immediately per- petrate the deed, appears from the above narrative, which carries with it all the marks of truth. I tind no trace on record ofany commission appointing this Edmond Burke, conjointly with the Archbishop of Tuam, to the government of Connaught, as mentioned by our author; but many of our records have been lost since their tune. For further particulars of him, and his father, the Red Earl, and also of the family of Nolan, for many years lo- cated at Balinrobe mentioned above, see the Additional Notes. 47 the Earl’s Son’s Island. But the male line of that house being, all to him, extinct, most likely he was reputed and commonly called Earl of Ulster; there being but one girle, then about seven years old, his nephew William, Earl of Ulster’s daughter, after Dutchess of Clarence, apparent heir generall. During whose nonage, Edmond was joyned in commission with Malachias, Arch-Bishoppe of Tuam, for the government of Connaught; until he was seized upon by Sir William Bourk, aforementioned, his sons, on Low Sunday, the 19th of Aprill, in the Fryer’s house of Balinrobe ; Roger de Flet, Senes- chall of Connaught, and Nicholas Lienot', and other nobles of his company, being killed on the place. He was that night carried to Lough Measg Castle, the next night to Ballyndeonagh™ Castle, and the third night to that island on Lough Measg; whither the Arch- Bishope of Tuam came to bring him and his kinsmen to a reconcili- ation: and as they were on points of agreements, the villains who had the custody of his body, a certain family of the Stantons’, dis- pairing ! Lienot.—Mac Firbis, in his account of the Welsh tribes contained in the Book of Hy Fiachrach, states that the Lienots, or Lynotts, a family long settled in Tirawly in Mayo, came to Ireland with the de- scendants or followers of the Red Earl of Ulster: ‘‘Ciondioig vo ceace 1 n-Cninn le plioce an Janla putas.” That part of the book alluded to concludes with the narrative of a barbarous occurrence which took place between the Barretts of Ti- rawly and those Lynotts, which strongly marks the ferocity of these Welsh adven- turers, as well as the uncivilized state of the times. For barbarity similar to that there recorded, see Wynne’s History of Wales, book vi. ™ Ballyndeonagh.—Called Ballynonagh in the document of A. D. 1586, before quoted, p. 44, note. This castle still retains its ancient name. It stands, in ruins, on the townland of Cappagh na gapple, alias Petersburgh, near the de- mesne of Ross. " The Stantons.— Among the “ Englyshe greate rebelles of Connaught,” A.D. 1515, were ‘“‘Syr Myles Stauntons sonnes,” i. e. his descendants.—State Papers, vol. ii. part iii., p. 26. A branch of this family of Staun- ton, in Irish Stondun, settled in Mayo County, under the “: Red Ear];” chiefly in the territory afterwards called the barony 48 pairing their own safety if he were set at liberty, miserably turned him into a bag, and cast him out of the island into the lake, with stones tyed to the bag; for which fact they were called Clan Ulcin ever since. Hence followed great combustions and wars’ in Connaught after. Of this Edmond and his wife Slany, daughter of Tordellvac O'Bryan, L. of Tuomond, lineally descended the lords of Castleconnell and Bretas, with the rest of the county of Limerick Burks. From that arm of Lough Measg, towards Cong? and Lough Orb- sen, for three miles in length, and three half miles breadth, there is of Crossbohine, or Clanmorris. After the murder of Edmond Burke, most of them changed their name to M‘Evilly, Mac a mhil, the son of the knight. In A.D. 1585,“ Myly M'. Evily of Kinturk, other- wise MM“. Evilly,” was ‘‘chief of his name.” See the Mayo Indenture of Composition, in Appendix, p. 331. Several of the M‘Evil- lys are now beginning to re-assume the original name. ‘There are at present in Mayo several families of the name of Culkin, who may be descended from the Clan Ulcin branch of the Stauntons mentioned above; but this is mere conjec- ture. Ó Combustions and ara. —See the Annals of the Four Masters, at A. D. 1338. The Annals of Clonmacnoise, as translated by Conly Mac Geoghegan, give the following account of these “combustions and wars:” Edmond, the earle of Ulster’s son, was taken by the other Edmond Burke, and did putt a stone about his neck, and afterwards did throw him into the poole of Lough- measka; whereof ensued the confusion and good destruction of the English of Connought, and of their own family of Burk’s: which did enable Terlogh O’Connor to take the power and superiority of Connought, and banished Edmond M‘. William Burk from out of all Connought, destroyed the spiritual] and temporall lands of all the West parts of Connought. Edmond Burke assembled a fleet of shipps, barkes and boats; betook himself with them to the islands of the seas, a long time, in exile.” This last passage explains a subsequent one in the Additional Notes, which states, that this Edmond was twenty-two years in Scotland; whence he was called Aanack, ur the Scot. P Cong.—See p. 7, note®. And for further historical notices of this ancient place, see the Annals of the Four Masters at the years 1114, 27, 28, 37, 50, 68; 1201, 23,25, 26,45, 47; 1540, 98. Puococke, the traveller, has stated, that the seat of Mr. Macnamara, near Cong, was the most de- lightfully situated place he saw in the course of his extensive travels. 49 good arable land; in which line, on the west bank of Lough Measg, lies Ballyndeonagh Castle and Rosse, whence the half barony is named ; and where the parish church‘ of Ross parish stands, whereof St. Brendan’ is patron, whose feast is the 16th day of May. Ross parish reaches from the west side of Lough Measg, and by the fore- said arm thereof, to the western borders of the half barony; but between it and Lough Orbsen part of the parish of Cong runs’, from the river of Cong on the east of it, Lough Orbsen and Moy-Cullin barony on the south, to Imaire-an-Linain’, as far on the west as the parish of Ross goes. This river of Cong is the confluent of divers waters, which springing under ground from the south side of Lough Measg, are divided into two rivers which enter into the earth again, till they breake out in one, near the castle and abbey of Cong; and about a quarter of a mile thence, in a deep, narrow, and smooth streame’, exonerates itself into Lough Orbsen, having the barony of Kil- main in the isthmus between it and Lough Measg, and on the east of it, and that part of Cong parish in the half barony of Ross on the west. It affords good store of salmon, trouts, and eels. From 3 Parish church.—The west gable and description here, to add, that the portion part of the north and south walls of this of the parish of Cong which lies in the church are ancient; the remainder of the county of Galway, extends along the north building is modern. side of Lough Corrib, from the river of ® St. Brendan.— According to the Four Cong to the head of the lake. Masters, St. Brendan died on 16th May, t Imatre-an-Linain.—lomame an Cf- A.D.576. With them the Annals of Ulster ondn, i.e. the ridge of Leenane, the boun- - agree ; cide Doctor O’Conor’s Edition, Jn dary of Joyce country. See this place Scriptor. Rerum Hib. tom. iii. p. 171. described further on by our author. Tigernagh correctly states it at A. D. 577. u Streame.—On the shore, east of where Id. tom. ii. p. 153, where see also Doctor this stream flows into the lake, the writer O’Conor’s note thereon (77). found Iceland, or double refracting spar, $ Runs.—It may assist our authors in great quantity. IRISH ARCH. 800. I5. H 50 From hence an eele" carryed a purse of 13° 4% sterling, and a knife, for about sixteen miles through Lough Orbsen, till it was catched on the river of Galway; which thus happened. One William M°.Ghoill, a fisherman at Cong, lighted on a good eele; and being busie about catching more, thrust his girdle through its guill, which had the purse and knife on it: the eele by chance slides into the river with the purse and knife. Six miles from the river of Cong westward, the river of Du- waghta” enters into Lough Orbsen ; and five miles from thence to v Kele.—This story of theeel, knife, and purse, though it occurred nearly two cen- turies ago, is still told by old people in the vicinity of Lough Corrib. © Durnaghta.— Belanambreac. — Bonbo- nan.—Linan Kinmara. — Dubacta, now called Doughty. This river is inthe parish of Cong. Belanambreac river. Ir. beal aca Enghished Bellanabrack, falls into Lough Corrib at Bonbonnain, na m-bpneac, opposite Cauplean na Cipce, or the Hen’s Castle, having previously received the tribute of two other streams mentioned a little further on by our author, one of whieh he calls Fadnur. Bonbonan, Don- bonnán, or perhaps Gocdn, ‘There is a neluhbourmng mountain of the name, bor- Linuin Kin mara, Gfondn Cimn mapa, signifies the dering the lake on the west. head of the sea, or the extreme point to See the Annals of the Four Masters, at A.D. 1235, for an Interesting account of the hostilities car- Which the tide reaches. ried on in that year, in the west of Ireland. The occurrence above alluded to is thus Belanambreac related: “Caimc van Coo ta Flare- beapemng agup Cogan ba h-Goin pluag mop ele cimceall, asur upeparge leo, ap na ecuppaing co Uondn ¢cino mana,” 7c. “Hugh O'Flaherty and Owen O'lleyne also came round with a great body of forces ; and they carried boats with them That is, they carried them from Bonbonan, the mouth of Belanabrack river, near the Hen’s Castle, The narrative then to Lionan Cinn Mhara.” forabout seven miles. goes on to state, that these boats went round (by the Killary) to Cuan Madha, Clew Bay ; and that, with their aid, the English were enabled to commit incre dible slaughter and devastation through- It would be ditheult to adduce from history a more signal act of treachery, than that of the out the numerous Islands there. above pair of renezades, O'Flaherty and O'Heyne. The former died within the en- suing year: and O'Hcyne’s territory was soon after seized and his people reduced, by the English, whom he assisted on that oe- The Annals add, that U Malley casion, 51 Belanambreac river, which falls into Bonbonan, the furthest end of the lake. Imair-an-Linain, antiently Linan Kinmara, is a long green spot of land by the sea of Coelshaly Ro, whither the boats of Lough Orbsen were drawn by the forces of West Connaught and Hyfiaghry Aidhne", from Bonbonann to the sea, for five miles, Anno 1235, to invade the sea islands there, upon an expedition into the Owles, of Morice Fitz Gerald’, Lord Justice of Ireland, Richard de Burgo, of Umhall, the prince of the “ Owles,” stood neuter with his flect. Thus the Irish helped to subdue one another. x Hyfiaghry Aidhne.—Uh) Fiacpacé Ctó- ne. This was the lordship of O’Heyne. It now constitutes part of the present barony of Killartan, or, as formerly called, Kiltarragh, in the county of Galway, and was comprehended within the diocese of Kilmacduagh. After the De Burgos sub- dued the natives, it became part of their extensive territory of Clanrickard. See the Indenture of Composition of that ter- ritory, A. D. 1585, in Appendix L Y Maurice Fitz Gerald.— Walter Riddles- ford.— However lauded this Lord Justice Fitzgerald has been by Anglo-Norman writers and heralds, as ‘‘ a valiant knight, a very pleasant man, inferior to none in the kingdom; having lived all his life with commendation,”—Lodge, i. 60, Irish writers paint him in very different colours, see the Annals of the Four Masters, A.D. 1236, and Mac Geoghegan’s translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, at the same year: “The said deputy had a meeting Lord with Felym O'Connor, at Moynemoyne, and being there mett, the deputie, with all his forces of horse and foot, rushed on Felym to kill him and his people, which Felym seeing, betook himself to the swift- ness of his feet, and so held on untill he came to Seysie.” This attempt at assassi- nation, and that too against his gossip (for such a degree of relationship appears to have subsisted between him and Felim), was not a very “valiant” act. But he was more successful at Bealascanny (Ballyshannon), in A.D. 1247.—Id. To such a congenial spirit, the treachery of O’Flaherty and O’Heyne, before related, must have been acceptable. The ancient Roll of Patents called “ Antiquissime,” preserved in the Rolls’ Office, Dublin, contains two grants of considerable possessions to Walter de Ri- delesford ; one from Earl Richard (Strong- bow), “ Vices Regis Anglie in Hibernia agens;” and the other from John Earl of Morton.—Calendar. Rot. Pat. p.4, No. 52, 53- The above was a family expedition. Hugh de Lacy was married to the daughter of Walter Riddlesford ; and Walter, the Ha: 52 Lord of Connaught, Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, the Lord Walter Riddlesford, with the English forces of Leinster, and the Lord John Cogan, with the English forces of Munster, in pursuit of a party of the Q’Connors, belonging to Fedlim O'Connor, King of Connaught. The barony of Moycullin*?, commonly known in Irish by the names of Gnomore on the North, Gnobeg on the South, is separated on the north from Joyce Countrey by a ridge of mountains and Lough Orbsen: on the east it lyes by Lough Orbsen and the river of Galway, on the south by the bay of Galway, and hath Balynahinsy barony on the west. On the north side of the river of Failmir, and another river, they both meet im one channell before they come into Lough Orbsen ; and have two different kindes of trouts, which come from the lake to the common channell; and they are seen to separate" one from another as they goe on their distinct rivers, so as the kind of the one is never found on the other. The river of Fuogh falls from the mountaines through steep rocks, till seven Dealbhnas, or territorial divisions, of which there were five in Connaught.— See Doctor O'Brien's Irish Dictionary, un roce Dealbhna. It was also called De- albhna Tire da loch, Dealbhna, or Del- son of Richard de Burgeo, was married. to the daughter and heiress of Hugh de Lacy, in whose right, on the death of her father, A.D. 1243, de Burgo became Earl of Ulster. — f,wiae. 1. 120. * Moyeullin.— This name some have sup- posed to be derived from Maz Cuillinn, as it is now pronounced which means the field or plain of the holly; but our author has elsewhere given its true derivation, viz, Max Uillinn, the field of Ullinn, one ot the ancient Tuatha de Danann colony. See furtherou in this treatise, p.$ 8, and also his Ogygia, p.180. “This was the ancient territory of Deallhna Feadha, one of the vin of the land between the two lakes, viz., Lough Orbsen, or Corrib, on the north, and Lough Lurgan, or the bay of Galway, on the south.—Harrias Ware, it. 49. For more of Moyeullen. and of Gnomore and Gnobeg, see the Additional Notes hereto. * Separate, — This separation was for- merly believed, but the * fishers of the lake” now question its veracity. 53 till it passes by the castle of Fuogh” to Lough Orbsen eastward. It was commonly called Owan Roimhe, or Brimstone River. The oc- casion of the name was but lately discovered by an extraordinary drought of weather, An. 1666 and 1667, wherein there was brim- stone found on the dry stones about the bridge of Fuogh. On this river is salmon fishing; and muscles are found that breede pearles*. On the north side of the river, not far from the bridge, westward, was discovered by revelation, about the year 1654, a well* in honour of St. Michael, archangel. From this river to Galway, above twelve miles”, there is indifferent good arable land by the lake and river of Galway, on the east of it, and the mountaines on the west, be- tween it and another tract of land by the sea-side. Near Fuogh is the parish church of Kilcumin, and St. Cumin’s well‘, where he is ® The river—and castle of Fuogh.—Fua- taio. This river flows through Ough- terard, a small town about fourteen miles north-west of Galway, much celebrated by tourists. Mr. Inglis, in his journey through Ireland, A. D. 1834, state,s that “this straggling little village” has ““ one of the prettiest and most limpid streams in the world dancing through it.” This is the river of Fuagh; or, as it is sometimes called, Owin Riff, in Irish bain Rob, or the sulphur river. Whenever the river runs shallow, sulphur is found on the stones in its channel. The castle is called Nowghe in the document of A. D. 1586, mentioned in note 8, p. 44. It stood on a natural bridge in the townland of Fuogh ; but was pulled down some years since to build the barrack of Oughterard. ° Pearles—They arestil] found here, and worshiped often of a largesize. For an accountof Irish pearls sce Harris's Ware, vol.ii.p.172; and some curious papers in Trin. Coll. MS. Lib. I. 1, 3. a Well.—This well is still shewn. © Twelve miles.—It is reputed to be fourteen Irish miles; but as before ob- served, p. 6, note“, our author laid down his distances by the long Connaught miles. £ Parish church. —St. Cumin’s well. — This parish is bounded on the north by Joyce Country; on the east by Lough Corrib, many of whose islands it embraces , on the south by the parish of Killanin; and on the west by the parish of Moy- rus, in Conamara. The church is called in Irish Cill Chuimm, the church of St. Cuimin, who, according to tradition, was the original founder of the parish. No part of the primitive church remains. 54 worshiped, as patron of the parish, [on the 14th] of October. Not far from thence is the castle and inannour of Aghnenure®, where the salmon comes under the castle, on a river not far from the west side of Lough Orbsen. The next parish of Gnomore is Kilanhin parish; but Kilanhin* parish church is in Gnobeg, where the memory of St. Anhin,V., is celebrated the 18th of January; and where her well is frequented on the north-east brink of Lough Lonan'. This lake lies between Gnomore and Gnobeg, on an island wherof is the castle of Ohery; and where there is no recourse of water from it but under ground. Gnobeg containes the parishes of Moycullin and Rahun!: the The present building, which occupies its site, is comparatively modern. It is situ- ate about a mile cast of Oughterard. The well, cobup Chuimin, is near it, and is held in great veneration. The people, when passing it, take off their hats, and bow respectfully in memory of the holy man whose name it bears, and whose me- mory is " worshipped,” 1. e. celebrated here. See p- 23, note F, ® Aghnenure.—lrish, Acad na n-libap, the field of the yews. One only of these ancient yews now remains, Tt is growing west of the castle, and is supposed to have seen at least a thousand years, but it is at present evidently decaying. The castle, of which a considerable part remains, 1s situate near the brink of Lough Corrib, about two miles east of Oughterard. For an interesting description of it, by that exellent antiquary, who has done so much fur our national literature, George Petrie, Easy, sce the Irish Penny Journal, 4to. three Dub. 1841, p. 1. » Kidanhin.—Cill GAinemn, the church of St. Anhin. Her well, Cobap Gineéinn, is near it, aud appears marked on Larkin’s large map. IT have not met with any his- torical account of this saint. What is given above is probably trom ancient tradition. i Lough Lonan.—Castle of Ohery.—The name Lonan is not known at present. The lough is now called the lake of Rosa. The castle of Ohery stood on an island in In A.D. 1585, it be longed to Jonick O° Halorane.—A ppen- dix L In the same year, * Teige M:-Fyn- Lough = Lonan. nine O'Halloran of Ohayry, aged seventy years, deposed that he was driven out of his castles und lands by his kinsman Moroghe ne doo (O'Flaherty), since which time he dwelt in Clanricard."—Orig, Re- cord, Rolly Othee. Ohery is now reduced to a small portion of ruins, j Partahea of Mouenllin and Rakun.— This parish of Moycullin extends in length 55 three first parishes ly in length from Lough Orbsen to the bay of Galway, and Rahun from the river of Galway to the same bay. The castle and mannour of Moycullin*, whence the barony and parish of Moycullin are named, hath Lough Lonon on the west; Tolokian’, two castles next adjacent, on the north; and Lough Orbsen on the east. The parish church theron, its chief feast of late is the Im- maculate Conception of our Blessed Lady, on the 8th of December, as patroness. What antient patron it had is not known. Here Uillinn, grandchild of Nuad Silver-hand, king of Ireland, 1200 years before Christ's birth, overthrew in battle, and had the killing of Orbsen Mac Alloid, commonly called Mananan Mac Lir, Mananan the Mankish man, Mac Lir son of the Sea, for his skill in seafaring. From Ullin Moycullin is named; to wit, Magh-Ullin, the field of Ullin™: and from Orbsen, Lough Orbsen, or the Lake of Orbsen. Six miles from a great stone in that field (erected, perhaps, in me- mory of the same battle) to the town of Galway. The from Lough Corrib to the bay of Galway, by which bay and the parish of Rahun it is bounded on the south; on the west by “ natal soil and patrimony through a long line of ancestors.” The manor, with 500 acres in demesne, was created by a grant the parish of Killannin; and on the north and north-east by the same parish and Lough Corrib, and the parish of Rahun. See this latter parish described further on. k Castle and mannour of Moycullin.— The record quoted p. 44, note $, states, that this castle in A. D. 1586, belonged to “ Rory O’Flahertie,” grandfather of our author, who was himself called Rory Oge of Moycullin. See Mac Firbis, in his ge- nealogical abstracts, drawn up A. D. 1666; and our author’s Ogygia, p. 180, where he feelingly describes the loss of this his of James I. to Hugh O’Flaherty, our author’s father, on 25th Jan. 1618.— Rot. Pat. 15°. 1 Tolokian.—Culdécaodam. These two castles stood on the brink of Lough Cor- rib, in the townland of the same name. They were called the castles of the two sisters, of whom some romantic tales of former days are still current. One of these old castles was blown down by the great storm of January, 1839. ™ Ullin._See p, 52, note *, also Ogyg. pp. 174, 179, for further notices of the uin. -- - vz the most part. within the west uch liberties extend four miles ~ iv the sea side from the town. The Ma. tor patron St. James the Great, wo MaTish is a chappell of St. James, neo the town, which was wont to be » oxearly, by the people of Galway. " s de of the barony. by the bay of ecshes, and separated from Lough varge space of mountain land, is ood . ossaatly resolves: the word Madaguscar I ACTV good Irish. would not hesitate, on J adove authority. to useribe Rathiun to osteftain (a. The pertion of this pa- ca of Rohon (itis now generally written x . »), lying within Lilsert ies, Is bounded 2s by the parishes of Moveullen and Soscmore; enst by the latter and the }a- ~ of St. Nicholas : south hy the hay: west by the parish of Moveullen, and neart of Rahoon lying within the ba- \ of Moveullin. “ reb.. —Chayyul —AÁ small portion ne wall of this church, but nearly with the ground. wins still be traced a. ew onthe cemetery ut laláeen, about a west of Galw uv. Near itis St so. tewell: butine patron” has been ce stad there for WAY Veays, The chapel - James at Newessthe sa much Te a ta for devetion ain) former days, wow converted: inteca stall for fecding = val Liv’. 57 good -pasture for cattell; but so craggy and full of stones”, and so destitute of deep mold, that in very few spots of it a plow can goe: yet the tenants, by digging, manure it so well, that they have corn for themselves, their landlords, and the market. garden with more paines tilled for black seeds. P Full of stones.—Mr. Molyneux, in his Journey to Connaught, in April, 1709, pre- served among the MSS. of Trin. Coll. Li- brary, Dublin, I. 4, 13, and I. 1, 38, writes of this district : ‘I neversaw sostrangely stony and wild a country. I did not see all this way three living creatures, not one houseor ditch, not one bit of corn, zor, I may say, one bit of land, for stones, in short nothing ap- peared but stones and sea. Nor could I conceive an inhabited country so destitute of all signs of people... ... | Having got back through the barbarous country to Galway, I dined with the officers. This ts the best town I have seen in Ireland. The inhabitants are mostly Roman Catholics, and the trade wholly in their hands, and indeed in all Connaught, as you go far- ther from Dublin, you may see the re- mains of Popery, less and less extinct than in the other parts of Ireland.” Ano- ther traveller, Mr. Bush, who wrote more than half a century after Molyneux, says: s If in any part of the kingdom there are any wild Irish to be found, it is in the west- ern parts of this province [i. e. Connaught], for they have the least sense of law and go- vernment of any people in Ireland, I believe, except that of their haughty and tyrannic landlords, who, in a literal sense, indeed, IRISH ARCH. SOC. Is. Never was They carry on horses, are absolute sovereigns over their respec- tive towns and clans, which the western part of this province may not improperly be said to be divided into. Their impe- rious and oppressive measures, indeed, have almost depopulated this province of Ireland. The will and pleasure of these chiefs is absolute law to the poor inha- bitants that are connected with them, and under whom the miserable wretches live in the vilest and most abject state of dependance.”—p. 35. ““ What with the se- vere exactions of rent, even before the corn is housed, a practice that too much prevails among the petty and despicable landlords, ee of the parish priest, for tythes, who not content with the tythe of grain, even the very tenth, of half a dozen or half a score perches of potatoes,..... is ex- acted by the rapacious, insatiable priest. I am sorry to tell you the truth, that too many of them are English parsons. For the love of God and charity, send no more of this sort over, for here they become a scandal to their country and to humanity. Add to these, the exactions of, if possible, the still more absolute Catholic priest, who although he preaches charity by the hour on Sunday, comes armed with all the terrors of damnation, and demands his full quota 58 horses, out of the shore, all the seaweeds cast in daily, as long as they ean get it, from Michaelmas till sowing time past: and sometimes on spring tide low waters, they goe as far down as they can, man, woman and child, and cut the sea weed with knives, to have it cast up again by the sea. With this they muck the land, and dig up daily, earth to cover it, out. of watery furrows which serve for conveying away the water from the ridges. This mucking and digging keeps them inaction till March, before which they sow not a grain of corn’. In sowing, they give so small a measure of seed as can be immagined, of unremitted offerings.?—Hibernia Curt- ona, Dub, 1769.—pp. 36 -7- Some of these evils may be traced in this district at the present day. a Corn, -- In this curious aceount of the ayriculture of the time, we incidentally learn that here the tenants paid their rent in k ind, accordiny to the nnerent mode. This was general in many parts of Freland in the seventeenth century. By inquisition taken ut the town of Mayo, on 2gth July, A.D. 1607, it appeared, that Eugenins, alias Owen O'Maly. chief of his name and na- tien. and his ancestors, had chief rents. of barley, butter, and mneney, out of several lands within the barony of Murrivk, and county of Mayo; that he was seised of the castle of Cuhir-na-mart (now Westport), the castle and island of Carrowmore, and nunerous other lands and possessions there, in right of tanistrv; and that he, a- chief, ought te have, as his) ancestors had, “all fines tor bloodshed. all skins of anumals killed. or to be killed, within that barony, with all customs and other casu- being alties.” By another inquisition, taken 11th January, A.D. 1610, it was found that Robert Bowen, of Castlecarra, Esq. as heir to his brother William Bowen (who purchased various lands in Mayo county, from Peter Lord Tremblestone, by deed of feofhnent, dated rst May, A. D. 1586. and who was the first of that name that came to Mayo), was seised of a rent-charge by mortgage from the Stantons, on the lands of Clan M*Cormick, of a certain quan- tity of * bread, drink, and flesh at Christ- mas; and a proportion of bread, bute ter, and drink at Easter, yearly.”—Orig. Inquia. The best illustration of the mode of manuring with sea-weed, and the other avricultural processes above deseribed, will be found in Mr. Nimine’s excellent Report It is observable, that the potatoe is neo where onthe Bogs west of Lough Corrib, mentioned by ourauthor, Healludes to “a kindeofeorn they eal] /oragh” but the name The houses were all co- vered with thatch. Even our author himself, is now unknown. 59 being sure not a grain will fail to multiply. In summer, when it grows up, they goe, man, woman and child, and ly prostrate or sit upon the corn, to weed it with their bare hands, leaving nothing behind but pure corn. Twice, perhaps, they thus weed it before it comes to anear. The soile bears not but for two years, till they muck it again. The first year it bears wheat, barly, ry, or oats; the second year oats only, but the increase is forty fold at the least. Here is a kinde of corn they call bwagh, the grain is like wheat, but more brownish and swarthy; the bread like barly bread but finer : two bushells of this corn is three bushells ground. This land hath no help for building but thatch, and plenty of rude stones that can- not be wrought. It is destitude of wood and lime-stone. Few places have any clay for mortar. It hath severall brooks and shallow rivers, falling from the mountaines to the sea, which bear some salmons, trouts, and cels, besides plenty of sea-fish and shell-fish ; together with severall creeks and ship harbours. There is a shift of making lime of the shells for tanning leather. Now to descend to particulars. In this tract’, near Galway, westward, is the town land of Barna’; very good arable land, where partly the plow, partly digging with spade the hereditary chieftain of Gnobeg, which was the best part of the barony of Moycul- len, lived in a thatched house, in the district above described; and very probably in it he wrote his Ogygia, and the present treatise. ¥ Tract.—The tract of land, as far west- ward as the barony of Moycullen extends along the bay, is known by the name of Cor faipge, or the sea tract. We find it so called in A.D. 1586. See the record quoted from the British Museum, in note8, P- 44- * Barna.—Seanna, literally a gap, but here a breach or opening in the coast. There was formerly a castle here, close to the sea side, about three miles west of Galway. Its ruins are shewn by the name of pean ccurlean Óeanna, the old castle of Barna. It belonged to the ancient Irish family of O'Halloran, who before the twelfth century were lords of Clan Fe- apgail, a district in which Galway town was situate. “O h-allmupan Caoireac cecp! m-baile ficec cloino: Pengail,” I2 . vista inme-stone and clay. ~> woung men of Galway were wont to come Ww 60 Here is Blake’s hill' sé their May-game, and there dine between - .w\ ee 44 ~ cans we Barna re . wea AAA we AN ww OS cé Ashe, 1 her re oot) © “ AÍ As Aine] LEAS AT LAC ders wa Sallim, SNe Sb ler big tormer .o. Sarrell) a ~. are uM Elal- wot & hich aw sú b- 28, _* thaheran, Stare oe tg, at . fo. Narna, a | wb psy Muy ~~ - ral- ‘ sás ' owl vib. Las "sul 4.‘ yf Aghnenure, defeated an army out of A.D. 1564, on the strand of Tray- bane. name of his celebrated kinsman Morough na d-tuadh, [Morough of the Battle axes] O'Flaherty. But the omission in this instance I consider merely acci- dental; although in our author’s time, when the Irish were broken down by the wars of the seventeenth century, many of them began to fashion their names, by omitting the prefixes O’ and Mac, which were among the few remnants of national distinction that then remained to them. This they did to make their old Irish names more English-like, and conse quently more palatable to their dominant neighbours; and it was a literal fulfil- ment of the wish of Spenser, express- ed a century before, that “all the O's und Mac’s should be utterly forbidden Many of the O'Fla- herties, and chiefly the more respectable of them, then became mere “ Flahertiea,” Our author never submitted to this mark of national degradation, like his kinsmen of Aghnenure, or Lemontield. Then ap- peared, for the first time, Bryan Fla- herty, of Lemonfield, Esq. Morogh Fla- herty, his son. Edmond Flaherty, of Tolly,” Ne Extract from the will of the first want, dated the goth Dec. A. D. 1721, and extinguished.” 61 bane’. This strand yields plenty of cockles; and, with a drudge, oysters are to be found near it. Westward from thence, and from Galway four miles, the river of Forbagh runs to the sea; near which was a great fish cast, Anno 166%, another about a mile thence at Koylagh, the 17th of May, 1674, thirty foot long and seaven foot high. Two miles from the river of Forbagh” to the river of Spidell*, on which the salmon cannot pass a steep salmon leap, a mile from the bridge on the mouth of the river, first built Anno 1670, by the publick charges. On the east-side of the river, by the high water mark of the sea, stands the church of Spidell, dedicated to St. Enna’, patron of Aran, whose feast is kept the 21st day of March. Spidell is so called of Spittle, or Hospitall. From this river, which separates the parish of Moycullin here from the parish of Kilanhin on the west Prerog. Office. For valuable observations on Irish names, see Mr. O’Donovan’s cu- rious papers in the Irish Penny Journal, A.D. 1841, which it is to be hoped he may yet be induced to enlarge and give in a more substantial form to the public. Y Traybane.—In Irish, Tpding Óán, lite- terally the White Strand, as it is still called. Cockles are here found in abun- dance; but no oysters. The fishermen plea- santly relate, that the latter migrated to the opposite shore of the bay, to the great oyster beds of Poldoody, belonging to that excellent and patriotic gentleman, Burton Bindon, Esq. ~ Forbagh.— Popbaé, now pronounced Furrobagh. This river flows into the bay. In the Composition of A. D. 1585, Ballyne- forbagh in Gnobeg, is stated to contain four quarters of land, which, with most of of that district, was granted by James I. to Hugh O'Flaherty, our author’s father, by letters patent, dated 25th Jan. A. D. 1617. —Rot. Pat. x Spidell.—_Spiéal, an hospital. Spital is an old English term for hospital, and is still used in Scotland. “Rob not the spital.”—Jonson. In the Composition of A. D. 1585, the townland here is called Ballynspiddell. Theriver of Spiddle is nine miles west of Galway, and is much prized for salmon fishing. It flows out of a lake in the townland of Shannagarraun, and falls into the bay nearly opposite Ceann Somne, or Black head. Y St. Knna.— For an account of this celebrated Saint, whose memory is still venerated here, and in the islands of Aran, see Colgan’s Acta Sanctorum, p. 704. 62 of it, to the river of Ally? are two miles; and in the midle way is the creeke of Crompan, a very secure harbour for boats, much fre- quented by the fishermen of Galway. Ally river divides Gnobeg on the cast, from Gnomore on the west in those parts, whence to ‘romlin® river is two miles: not far from which, westward, 3rd June, 1682, was a fish cast on Miny shore, thirty foot long and seaven high. Near Miny is the castle of Inveran, where Walter Fada Bourke’ was murthered by the procurement of his stepmother Ricer of Ally.—In Irish Abain na h-Cille, so called from the townland of Aille, through which it flows. It is two miles west of Spiddle. “Gnobegg is bounded from Srawan I Garwane on the north side, to Galway, saving the liberties, and soe alonge the river of Donkelie (or Ally) tu Galway aforesaid, by east.”— or. Pat. 29° Eliz., quoted in Appendix. The name of this river may be traced to the O’Kealy’s (O’Cadhla), the ancient chiefs of Cun- mhaicne-mara, of whom more will be found in the sequel. *Cromlin.—Miny.—Inceran.—Cypuim- Zlinn, This river tlows into the bay be- tween the townlands of Poulgorm and Cartronkeel, about three Irish miles west of Ally river. There are two portions of the parish of Kilecuminin here insulated by the purish of Killannin.—Miny. Now called Minna. — /nreran. Inbepan, “This west of eastle stands a short distance Cromlin river, on a little cnompdn, or creek, from which it takes its name. b Walter Fada Bourke.— Walter the Tall. He was the son of David Bourke Finnola (great grandson of Edmund na _/feavige, for whom see Lodge’s Peerage, vol. iv. p. 231), by his first wife. Finola O'Flaherty was the second wife of David. By her he had Ripoeano an Tapain, called Iron Dick, and to secure the inheritance for the latter, his mother caused his elder half- brother, Walter Fada, to be murdered, as above related. In this object the mur- deress succeeded, for her son, Iron Dick, did inherit all his father’s vast possessions, and became one of the greatest men of his See Sir Henry Sidney’s curious de- scription of him, quoted by Lodge, vol. iv. time. p. 232, where, among other things, he says, “Surelye, my lords, he is well wonne, for he ia a great man; his land lyeth along the West-north-west coast of this realme, where he hath many goodly havens, and isa Lorde in territore of three (ea as inuch land as the Earle of Clanrickarde is.” He was futher of Sir Tibbott na Long, first Viscount Mayo. The retributive justice of Providence visibly pursued this foul murder, in the fate of that man's descend- aunts. To pursue the subject further would 63 Finnola Flaherty, by her brother Donnel Fitz-Rory Og Flaherty, Anno 1549, deceased. Thence, westward, at Moerras‘, is an altar of St. Columb-Kille by a brooke, and his well within the sea shore. His feast is celebrated on the oth of June. From Cromlin river to the river of Casla are two miles, This river falls into Casla haven, and hath salmon and trout-fishing on it yearly. These white trouts are called Lihain, and come on the rivers from the sea as salmons doe. On Casla haven, in the year 1674, memorable for dearth of corn through all Ireland, the herring fishing of Galway Bay failing, herring fishing was discovered, and soe continued for five years after, and failed againe. They were larger and sooner come than Gal- way fish, There I saw a herring eighteen inches long. Between Casla Haven and Fearmore, or the Great Man’s Haven", lyes the be irrelevant here. It is, therefore, left to the future historian of this district. © Moerras. — Casla.-— On Mackensie’s chart, Moerras is called Murris. It is west of Inveran castle. On the town- land of Cloghmore there is an old church- yard called after St. Columbkille. On Mackensie’s chart and Larkin’s map are marked the ruins of achurch. See the Ordnance Survey map of this district, for the situation of the altar and well men- tioned above. The river of Casla, where it falls into the bay of that name, is tour Irish miles west of the mouth of Crumlin river. The bay is called in Irish Cuan Chairle, the bay of Caushlia. Mac- kensie and Larkin properly call it Casleh bay; but Mr. Nimmo, in his piloting di- rections before alluded to, calls it ‘‘Cas- land tello, or Casleh harbour,” p.172. Castello is a corrupt pronunciation of Casleh, or Casla, the proper name of the bay, and therefore ought to have been rejected by him. 4 Great Man’s Haven. —In Irish Cuan an Fin moip, now called Great Man’s Bay, lies west of Casla, a peninsula of about two Irish miles in breadth running between them. It was called by the same name in A.D. 1560 See the Annals of the Four Masters, who relate, that in that year, a vessel was driven on a rock at the entrance of Great Man’s Bay in Iar Connaught, and that upwards of 100 men were lost, among whom was Tuathal (Toole) O’Malley, the best pilot of a long shipin his time. The people here relate, that the “ Great man” who gave name to this bay, was a giant; 64 land of Killin, about four miles, where stands a church by the sea-side, which antiquity named Inismacaw church, the feast day whereof is on the 15th of March. Westward of Great Man's that he lived a long time ago, and seized and plundered all the vessels that passed that way. “They still shew a large hol- low rock which they call his churn, Cuin- neog an Fin móin; and three other rocks called Opannpad an Fin móin, which sup- ported the cauldron wherein he boiled the whales which he caught with a fishing rod ! ** His angle-rod made of a sturdy oak, His line a cable which in storms ne'er broke; His hook he baited with a dragon's tail, And sat upon a rock, and bobb'd for whale.” That some ‘great man,” at some dis- tant period, did dwell at or about Great Man’s Bay, and give name to it, may be admitted without incurring the charge of credulity: but when he lived, and his name, and whether he was one of the mighty Fomorians, or powerful Tuatha de Dananns, or other early colonists of Ireland, will probably, like other historical questions of similar importance, remain se- crets for ever. The other places mentioned in this paragraph may be summarily noted as Allin. —This is * Killin op- posite to Aran,” mentioned in page 7. It follows. forins the southern part of the penin- sula lying between Great Man’s Bay and Casla. /nizmacare church,—Ceampull mp’ Mac Cloaim, i.e. the church of the Haven, island of the sons of Adam. When or by whom it was built, or why “ antiquity named” it so, we are ignorant. It lies in ruins on the west side of Casla bay, near the shore. Garmna.—ls an island lying between Great Man’s Bay and Cassin Bay, mentioned immediately after. Zaar- roill, Ceamcoill, i.e. Elmwood, angli- cised Loughil, forms the southern part of the island of Garomna. The ruins of Olither church, in the south-west of this island, are marked on Larkin’s map. Letter Melan.—Ceitip Maellam. The island of Lettermullen lies to the west of Garomna; and the castle stands on the north side of the island. It is mention- ed in the Annals of the Four Masters, at A.D. 1584, as the residence of Morogh Mac Hlugh. Aeanngualuim.—Ceann §v- alarm, a small island immediately west of Lettermullen. From our author's ex- pression it would appear, that in his time they were united; but in Mac- kensie’s chart and Larkin’s map, they ap- pear as separate islands. Ceann ®ualamm, sometimes called Gulin head, and not un- frequently Golden head, by such of the na- tives as speak English. See Nimmo’s Pilot- ing Directions, p. 174, fer an account of the tides along this coast. Cassin hacen. Cuan Cap, now generally called Casheen Bay. It lies to the north of Golam Head. 65 Haven, are the lands of Garmna, Lawroill, and Lettermelan Castle. In Garmnia is Olither church, or the Pilgrime’s church. Keann- gualaim, or the cape of Golamhead in Lettermellan, stretcheth itself between Cassin haven and the sea, the farthest end of Moycullin ' barony, this side, and is eight leagues from Galway. Eastward of this point, the Iles of Aran” lye three leagues distant from the con- tinent of this barony, whereof Lettermellan is the nearest to them. The three Iles of Aran half barony, extending in length from west to east, have the barony of Moycullin on the north, Moyclea‘ in Corcamro barony, and county of Clare, on the east, and the Cape of Kerryhead, far off in sight® stretched out in the sea, on the south. e Isles of Aran.—Some notices of these re- markable islands, in addition to those given above by our author, will be found in the Appendix hereto, if space shall permit. € Moyclea.—In Irish Mag leq, or, as it is sometimes called, Cuat lea. This is a tract of land in the west of the barony of Corcomroe (Copcumpuaid), and the nearest part of the county of Clare to Imp Oiptip, the southern isle of Aran. Here are situate Doolen, the seat of a branch of the Macnamara family; and Aran-view, ‘“‘commanding, as its name implies, a fine view of the Aran isles.” In the sixteenth century, Moyclea was rendered remarkable by the following oc- currence. A.D. 1565, Mahon O’Brien of Arkin (ncn), in the great island of Aran, was treacherously slain by his own friends and followers. The citizens of Galway im- mediately went forth in pursuit of the murderers ; who thereupon betook them- selves to their boats and landed in the IRISH ARCH. 80C. 15. They west of Thomond. There they were met by Donall, the son of Conor O’Brien, who took most of them prisoners. He then brought them bound in fetters to Jfagh Glea; and there, in sight of the place where they perpetrated the crime, he hanged some and burned others, “as their atrocious wickedness deserved,” say the Four Masters, who relate the circum- stance. These feuds among the O’Briens led to their total expulsion from the islands of Aran, in a few years after, by the O’Flaherties of Iar-Connaught. * Far off in sight—The islands of Aran command some of the noblest sea-prospects in the world. The vast Atlantic stretching illimitably towards the south and west; the extensive coasts of Kerry, Clare, Galway, Mayo, &c., with their numerous islands, headlands, and lofty mountains “far off in sight,” must be seen, in order to form any idea of the sublimity and beauty of the view. 66 They are fenced on the south side with very high clifts", some three score, some four score and five score fathoms deep, against the Western Ocean's approach. The soile is almost paved over with stones’, soe as, in some places, nothing is to be seen but large stones with wide openings between them, where cattle break their legs. Scarce any other stones there but limestones, and marble fit for tomb-stones, chymney mantle trees, and high crosses. Among these stones is very sweet pasture, so that beefe, veal, mutton are better and earlyer in season here, then elsewhere; and of late there is plenty of cheese, and tillage mucking, and corn is the same with the sea side tract. On the shore grows samphire’ in plenty, ring-root or plow goes. h High clifte.—The height of the cliff at Dun ckengusin Aran, which Dun is one of the most remarkable remains of pagan an- tiguity in the west of Europe, is upwards of 300 feet. The cliffs of Aran are else- where well described by our author: “ Claustrornmn reliquiwe videntur — esse Aranne tres insuke, qua obrutu non fa- ciles an medio profundo eminent, et editea- aimag preeru plas Crepidineadecuman ia fluc- tihus ohjiciunt.”—Ogud. p. 164. i Pared orer wth atones.—Large tracts of bare flags, in Trish leaca loma,as smooth as polished marble, may be seen in many parts of these islands, A visitor, surprised at the appearance, remarked, that it was a mistake not to have called them the Marble Islands, for that they were all a mass of lime-stone and marble. Yet umong those rocks and stones there is, as our au- thor observes, " very sweet pasture” for In some places the sea-holy, cattle. These leaca loma, or bare flags, have been frequently noticed. In an old poem entitled * Columbkille’s Farewell to Aran,” which, though attributed to that saint, may safely be dated some centuries after his time, an anyel is described as showering down benefits from heaven on the bare flags of Aran: “GHacu oianodin, ón! gacu orapoain, Cig Sanial, mon an main, Go rsaílinn nue Dé vo nim Fon leccad loma un lá pin.” See this " Farewell to Aran,” published in the Transactions of the Gaelic Society, Dublin, 8vo. 1808, p. 180, with a trane- lation by Theophilus O'Flanagan, A. B. ) Samphire.—Tlus plant, Crithmum ma- ritinvon, is tound growing on rocks by the shore, where it is Washed by the salt water. It is sent for sale from Aran tu Dublin, 67 Here are Cornish choughs, with red sea-holy, and sea-cabbage. legs and bills. Here are ayries of hawkes*, and birds which never fly but over the sea; and, therefore, are used to be eaten on fasting- days': to catch which, people goe down, with ropes tyed about them, into the caves of cliffts by night, and with a candle light kill abundance" of them. Here are severall wells and pooles, yet in ex- traordinary dry weather, people must turn their cattell out of the islands, and the corn failes. They have noe fuell but cow-dung" dryed where it is said to be used for pickling and preserves. ing-root or sea-holy.— Eryngium maritimum, in Irish, Cuilleann tpagxa, grows near the shore, and is used by the inhabitants of Aran, as a medicine. See its medicinal virtues described in K’Eogh’s Botanologia Universalis Hiber- nica, p. 43. Sea cabbage.—Crambe mari- tima. k Ayries of hawkes.—For a curious no- tice of these once favourite birds, see Carve’s Lyra, p. 47. They were formerly trained in Iar-Connaught for field sport, and were held in high esteem. Morogh na Maor O'Flaherty, of Bunowen, in Cona- mara, by his will, dated 13th April, A.D. 1626, directed that his third son, Bryan O’Flahertie, should have the Cleggan, an extensive tract in the barony of Bali- nahinch, “ excepting onelie the Aiery of hawkes upon Barnanoran,” reserved for his eldest son, Morogh na Mart.—Orig. Will. ! Fasting days.—Strange as this reason may seem, for eating sea birds on fasting days, it is nevertheless very ancient. So- crates, in his Ecclesiastical History, men- with tions it in the fifth century. Speaking of the various modes of keeping Lent then prevalent, he says: — oi piv yap, waren ierPuywr ANN OWTAÁ of di, TA ie luvar ix fds movous pitaeracpeBarvovcs® giytg Ob uv Toig Í ebucs, nol TAY WINa awoytverTas, iF Vdaros xas aura roy Maúgt ytytynobes Asyorrts’ x. T. A. “ Some abstain altogether from animals: others of animals eat fish only. Some, along with fish, eat also birds: saying that, according to Moses, birds, like fish, were created out of the waters.” Hist. Eccl. lib. v.c.22. In Martin’s Description of the Western Islands of Scotland (p. 65), mention is made of a similar reason for eating seals’ flesh in Lent. um Kill abundance.—In carrying on this “dreadful trade,” the adventurous “ Crags- men” of Aran encounter dangers, which to any other class of men would be in- credible. Mr. Pennant, in his “ Voyage to the Hebrides,” gives a curious repre- sentation of this perilous practice. See also Martin’s Islands of Scotland, p. 293; and his Voyage to St. Kilda, p. 105. na Cow-dung.—In Irish Gortpeam. Large K 2 68 with the sun, unless they bring turt in from the western continent. They have Cloghans, a kind of building of stones layd one upon another, which are brought to a roof without any manner of mortar to cement them, some of which cabins will hold forty men on their floor; so antiont that no body knows how long agoe any of them was made, Seareity of wood and store of fit stones, without peradventure found out the first mivention. There is a waste island on the south- west side, entled Oilen-da-branogwe’, where they goe to slaughter seals yearly; and where there is abundanee of samphire. From the [sles of Aran and the west continent, often appears visible that inehanted island called O'Brasil’, and in Irish Beg-ara, stacks ( pocea) of this savoury substitute for túilinny be seen in Aran, particularly ny the núuddle idand; but Iatterly they have learned to convert if into manure, wad pet tual from the Continent.’ The petvatiotis Which these poor and honest. Inhvnders sometimes undergo, part of which ate nbove wllnded te by our author. are key scAcie; and yet you will not) tind anyol Chem walling te exchange the bare Naga ot Avan, for the comparative: com- lóifs oof the anatastacl country > even of the Por Gale map of Clitden ‘“wreat town,’ mi Conamarm, or yetof the greater town, the eujital al thre province, Caran mon nel Oil lane. It the wtemtent húinnn punishment that eould is believed, that be tttheted éi an Aranite, would be to witence hin never te return home. See Mattia’s curious neeount of the St. Kilda pastes Vanat tee Colusgeow. - Western Lalande, p 2yh, which requires little more than the or substitution of Galway for Glasgow, and Aran for St. Kilda, to answer as a de- scription of an .Aran man’s first visit of wonder to Galway. The primitive buildings called ** Clogh- ans,” mentioned above by our author, will he found noticed, with the islands of Aran, in the Appendix. ó Oilen-da-branoge.—In Irish called Oilean oa bBpanog, and Brannock, or Brannoge Island, in English. It les off the townland of Onagh, at the western ex- See Larkin’s map of the county of Galway. PY Braail._— This fabulous island has been so fully noticed in recent: publica- tremity of the great island of Aran. tions, that it is only necessary here to re- fer to some of them, viz: the Tour of ML Boullaye le Gouz in Ireland. A.D. 16.44, edited by T. Crofton Croker, Lond. 1839, p- 68; and Irish Minstrelsy. Lond. 1831, vol.i. p. 369. * O’Brazil” has been cele- 69 or the Lesser Aran, set down in cards of navigation. Whether it be reall and firm land, kept hidden by speciall ordinance of God, as the terrestiall paradise, or else some illusion of airy clouds appearing on the surface of the sea, or the craft of evill spirits‘, is more than our judgements can sound out. There is, westward of Aran, in sight of the next continent of Balynahynsy barony, Skerde, a wild island of huge rocks’, the receptacle of a deale of seales thereon yearly slaugh- tered. These rocks sometimes appear to be a great city far of, full of houses, castles, towers, and chimneys; sometimes full of blazing flames, smoak, and people running to and fro. Another day you would see nothing but a number of ships, with their sailes and riggings ; then so many great stakes or reekes of corn and turf; and this not only on fair sun-shining dayes, whereby it might be thought the reflection of the sun-beamse, on the vapours arising about it, had been the cause, but alsoe on dark and cloudy days happening. There is brated by our gifted countryman, Gerald Griffin, in a pleasing poem, beginning : “ On the ocean that hollows the rocks where ye dwell, A shadowy land has appeared, as they tell, Men thought it a region of sunshine and rest, And they called it O' Brazil the isle of the blest.” For the remainder of this poem, see the Life of Gerald Griffin, Lond. 1844, p. 357. The people of Aran say, that O’Brazil ap- pears but once every seven years. 3 The craft of evil spirits. —This is alto- gether an amusing passage; but, in the time of our author, people were not quite so sceptical in these matters as they are at the present day. For some examples of this, see the Additional Notes hereto. rt Huge rocks.—Now called the Skird Rocks, lying in the ocean, west of Cashin Bay; about nine miles north-west of the western extremity of Aran-more. The optical illusions here so well described by our author, seem no way inferior to the celebrated Fata morgana seen in the Straits of Messina, and which the Sicilians call the most beautiful sight in nature. For a description of the latter, given from Minai, by Father Angelucci, see Swinburne’s Travels; and also that very pleasing work, Buck’s “ Beauties, Harmonies, and Subli- mities of Nature.” See also the Philo- sophical Magazine, vol. xii. p. 336; and Mr. Brewer's Beauties of Ireland, for an animated description of similar exhibi- 79 is another like number of rocks, called Carrigmeacan’, on the same coast, whereon the like apparitions are scen. But the inchanted island of O’Brasil is not alwayes visible, as those rocks are, nor these rocks have allways those apparitions. There is now living, Morogh O’Ley', who immagins he was him- tions which took place in the neighbour- hood of Youghall, about the close of the last century. § Carriymeacan.—In Irish Canna mic (nna, now Carrickmackan, near the mouth of Cashin Bay; and nearly due north of the Brannock isles, off the western extre- The serial phenomena Witnessed here and at mity of the great island of Aran. the Skerds, invest these wild regions with an air of romantic grandeur ; and, com- bined with the surrounding scenery, pre- sent a view altogether indescribable. When with these the enchanted isle of O°Brazil appears, it completes a picture which is said to be unrivalled in any other part of the British islands. of ocean and coast, stretching from head- The great extent land to headland, as far as the eye can reach, heightens the magnificence of the scene. © Morogh O Ley.—Lee or Lye. The cu- rious story here related is still remem- bered, but it appears te have received some additional embellishments from fancy. One of these is the introduction of an incident which renders our author’s narrative com- plete. 1t is, that Morogh O'Ley received a book from one of the inhabitants of (Brazil, with an injunction not to look self into it for seven years. This injunction he faithfully obeyed; and when, at the end of the time prescribed, he opened the book, he at once became indued with the gift of healing, and began to practise surgery and physic with wonderful success: ‘* Tho’ he never studyed nor practised either all his lifetime before, as all we that knew him These words almost induce a supposition, that The truth, however, seems to be, that Morogh O'Ley, whose patrimony was confiscated in the seventeenth century, turned quack- doctor to obtain a livelihood ; and that he then invented the story of O°’ Brazil and the book, in order to attract atten- It is, moreover probable, that he since he was a boy can averr.” our author believed the story. tion. Was previously in possession of the book in question; and that it had descended to him from his ancestors, who, it is known, were hereditary physicians in lar- Connaught. Among the records connected with the memorable Act of Settlement, the follow- ing document appears, in A.D. 1663: "To the Right Honorable [lis Majesty's Com- missioners fur executing His Gracious Declaration for the Settlement of Ireland. —The humble petition of Morogh O'Lye, 71 self personally in O'Braail for two days, and saw out of it the iles of Aran, Golamhead, Irrosbeghill, and other places of the west conti- nent he was acquainted with The manner of it he relates, that being in Irrosainhagh, in the south side of the barony of Balyna- sheweth, that Edmond O’Lye of Moyas- kragh, deceased, was lawfully seised in his demense as of fee, long before the re- bellion, of the lands following, viz., Bolle- banane, Gortnecony, and Balliskey, in the barony of Muckullin and county of Gal- way; and so continued seised, till, in or about the yeare 1641, he mortgaged the premisses unto one Robert Martin, for the sum of eighty pounds. That the said Edmond dyed in or about the year 1662, after and by whose decease, the power of redemption of the premisses descended to your petitioner, as son and heir unto the said Edmond. That the said Edmond and the petitioner have been inoffensive, never acted any thing against the Crown nor the English interest, embraced and are included in the Articles of peace granted by His Majesty’s authority, in the year 1648, to the Irish, and constantly thereto adhered. The petitioner therefore hum- bly prayeth to be restored to his said reversion or power of redemption, accord- ing to His Majesty’s gracious intention, by which persons innocent are to be res- tored, and petitioner will ever pray: Moroca O’LyeE.” This claim, with thou- sands of a similar nature made at the time, was rejected; and it is probable that then the claimant began to turn his thoughts hinsy, to medicine, as already related. The book above alluded to, lay for some time in the possession of the editor. It is now called the Book of O’Brazil; and certainly was well calculated to suggest and keep up the singular deception it happened to be connected with. It is a medical manu- script on vellum, in good preservation, containing forty-six large 4to. folios, very well written in Irish and Latin, in the fifteenth century (the year 1434 occurs on p. 76), and it appears to have remained until a late period in the possession of the Lee family ; for the name P. Lee is inscribed on the first folio, in modern handwriting. The pages are curiously ruled and divided, each presenting somewhat the appearance of a complex astrological figure. It pre- sents lists of various diseases, with their cures, mostly arranged in parallel columns, headed Prognostics, Region, Season, Age, Constitution, Causa, Signum, Evacuatio, Ac. An account of this volume, given by that excellent Irish scholar, Mr. Curry, ap- pears in Doctor Wilde’s valuable Report, upon the tables of deaths, contained in the Return of the Commissioners appointed to take the Census of Ireland, 1841. The “Book of O’Brazil” is now preserved in the library of the Royal Irish Academy. | se (aa. Wa by sea, in the month of Aprill, gene Fem one village to another, in a | acre scontent of his wife, he was en- LS. stán ers, and forcibly carried by boat i . ie wiumn it told him, and they could sí _:, He was terried out hoodwink d, in .. was it ón the sea point by Galway; CC oases tor seme daves after, being very des- saw Se came to Galway then. But. by at Years alter, he began to practise og ual so continues ever since to practise, ax wed either all his life time before, as -. was 3 bov can averr. er six leagues from the continent, rit¥ tathoms deep in the sea, and of very Law sc Ashing on the west coast of Tre w Sh, al would hecome a source of national oa wealth and strenyth. Franklin has said: ‘ He that puts seed into the ground reaps we tertyefold; but he that puts a line into wove seal and pulls out a fish, pulls out A a taeve of silver.” On this subject see sans Ss evidence of William Bald, Esq., before eo Veg Select Comittee On the Publie Works waa. er Ureland, A.D. 1X35. rer The above bank is described in an Ae saint ófa Tour through Ireland, by Dr, cea Bewkes ALD 1292, preserved in MS. in eee tee Library of Trinity College, Dublin, . cate Lg 18, as follows: * About ten leagues ls) éit i.e. trent of Clare Full an the western are catst) is a bank where there are plenty of 73 very small breadth, which extends from Ulster to Munster, all along the western coasts of Connaught. It is called in Irish Imaireboy, or the yellow ridge; and, in English, the Cod Fishing Bank, where people in summer season use to goe in boats a fishing from Bofin. the Owles, Irros Downan’, and some parts of the barony of Balyna- hinsy, and are there in their boats over night. From this bank, about twenty years agoe, a boat out of the Owles was blown westward by night; next day about noon, they spyed land so near them, that they could see sheep within it, and yet durst not, for fear of illusions, touch shore, imagining it was O’Brasil; and they were two dayes coming back towards home. ‘Soe much of the inchanted island; whence we come back again to Aran. The isles of Aran are fameous for the numerous multitude of saints” there living of old and interred, or there trained in religious austerity, and propagating monasticall discipline in other parts; ve- cod, and it is supposed that it is part of that bank which extends to Newfound- land, being supposed to be hills in the sea where the fish lye. On this they have between forty and fifty fathom water: the fish have very much failed on all the coast, since they have burned the sea-weed for kelp, which they not only take away as the sea leaves it, but they cut it off in the sea, that it may be thrown up, the fish spawning on this weed.”—p. 62. Y Irros Downan.—loppupr Oomnann, the present barony of Erris, in the county of Mayo. See the interesting description of this barony, entitled, ‘‘ Erris in the Irish Highlands,” by P. Knight, Civil En- gineer: Dublin, 1836. Until the publi- IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. nerable cation of Mr. Knight’s book, this now rapidly improving and important district remained “almost unnoticed and un- known.”—Preface, p. vi. w Saints.—Of the multitude of holy men who lived and died on these islands, for a period of more than a thousand years after the introduction of Christi- anity, the names of few only are re- corded: ‘“ Nemo scit numerum sanctorum qui sepulti sunt ibi, nisi solus Deus.” Nobody but God alone knows the number of saints that lie buried there, as our author, further on, quotes from the life of St. Albeus. Colgan, Acta SS. p. 714; and Ware, Ant. 249. “ Et magna est illa in- sula, et est terra sanctorum.” 74 nerable for many sacred churches*, chappells, wells, crosses se- pulchers, and other holy reliques of saints still there extant, as * Sacred churches. — In A.D. 1645, or shortly before, a description of the churches and chapels of the archdiocess of Tuam, in the west of Ireland, was compiled by Doctor Malachias O’Cadhla(O' Kealy), then Roman Catholic prelate in that see ; and so much of his description as related to the islands of Aran, is fortunately pre- served in Colgan’s Acta Sanctorum Hi- berniw. Within ten years from that date, the principal churches of Aranmore were destroyed by Cromwell's governors of those islands, and the materials applied to the building of the “ citadel,” and other works of defence then crected there. A translation of the portion of Doctor (’Kealy’s description, preserved by Col- gan, is here subjoined. ‘The original will be found in Acta 58. p. 714. ‘OF THE THREE ISLANDS OF ARAN AND THEIR CHURCHES. “Concermng the churches of these islands (and first of the first island), and their patrons and other saints, re ceive the following from a tabular des- eription of the churches of the diocese of Tuam (in which it hes), lately transmit- ted to us, and faithfully written by the most Hlustrious lord Malachias Qualeus lO’ Kealy ]. archbishopof Tuam, a man dis- tinguished for his zeal in religion, and endowed with every virtue: extracted as they he: monuments “I. The parish church (to wit of the first island) commonly called Aidl-Enda, lies in the county of Galway and half be- rony of Aran; and in it St. Endeus, or Enna, is venerated as patron, on the 21st of March. “2. The church called Teqlach-Enda, to which is annexed a cemetery, wherein is the sepulchre of St. Endeus; with one hundred and twenty-seven other sepul- chres, wherein none but saints were ever buried. “ 38. The church called Tempull mac Longa, dedicated to St. Mac Longius, is situated near the parish church, which is called sometimes A’ll-Enda, that is the cella or cell of St. Endeus, and sometimes Tempull mor Enda, or the great church of Endeus. “4. The church called Tempull mie Canonn, near the aforesaid parish church. eg. The church called of St. Mary, not far from the same parish church. “6. The church which is named JZem- pull Benain, or the Temple of St. Be nignus. é s, The church called Matnistir Con- nachtach, that is the Connaught monastery ; in the place of which, being afterwards demolished, was built a chapel dedicated to St. Kieran. “8. Thé church called Avll-na-manach, that is the church or cell of the monks, 75 monuments of their piety ; reverenced for many rare priviledges of sacred places therein, and the instant divine punishments inflicted which was dedicated to St. Cathradochus, or Caradoc the monk, surnamed Garbh, or the rough. “9. The church called Tempull-Assur- muidhe, which is said to be dedicated to St. Assurnidhe (or, perhaps, Esserninus), and this church is held in the greatest veneration among the islanders, “10, The church called Zempull an cheathrutr aluinn, or the church of the four beautiful [saints | who were, saints Fursey, Brendan of Birr, Conall, and Berchann ; whose bodies are also said to be buried in the same tomb, lying in the cemetery of the same church. ““r1. The church called Zempull-mic- Duach, or the church of St. Mac Duagh (who is also called Colmanus, surnamed Mac-Duagh), which is a handsome church dedicated to that saint. é 12. The handsome, and formerly pa- rochial church, called Tempull Breccain, or the church of Brecan, dedicated to the same Saint Brecan, in which also his feast is celebrated on the 22nd of May. “13. The church near the aforesaid church of St. Brecan, which is commonly called Tempull a phudll. sé Thus far of the churches and chapels of the first island, from the list just men- tioned, of the most illustrious prelate of Tuam. Moreover we read in our Martyr- ologies, that the birth-day of St. Endeus on is celebrated on the 21st of March ; that of St. Goban on the 3oth of March and 30th of May; of St. Cronan, on the &th of March ; St. Nehemias, on the 14th of June; and St. Benedict, on the same 14th of June; wherefore, I think that he is the same saint, who is called by the calen- dar of Cashel Benedict, and by other Martyrologies, Nehemias........ é In the second or middle island, ac- cording to the same list, there is one church called Tempull Ceannannach, dedi- cated to the same St. Ceannannach ; and another church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin ; both subject to the parish of St. Endeus. é In the third island of Aran, which is also called Ard-Oilen: “21. The church of Kill-Choemhain, de- dicated to St. Coeman, and in which also he is venerated. é“ 2. The church consecrated to St. Paul. é 3. The church called Kill-Gradh-an- Domhain, in which Gobnata is venerated on the 11th of February. “é In this island there was formerly a celebrated monastery called Kill-Choemain (of which above), in which St. Coeman is venerated on the 12th of June, from which also the island itself is called Ara- cheemain.?? Colgan, as may be seen in the foregoing L 2 76 on such as dare violate or prophane them; frequently visited by Christians in pilgrimage for devotion, acts of pennance, and miracu- lous virtues there wrought. Ara-Mhor, the greatest and furthest to the west of them, con- taines twenty-four quarters of land, and is twenty-four miles in com- pass; wherein, on the south side, stands Dun-Engus’, a large fortified extract, has stated that the third island of Aran was called Ard-Qilen ; but in that he was mistaken, for none of these three islands was ever called or known by that name. Ard Oilen isan island lying several leagues north-west of the islands of Aran, and is well-known at present by that name, which is translated High-wsland, its pre- sent appellation in English. This was a mere oversight of the learned and labo- rious Colgan, for in the life of St. Fechin, p- 135, n.13, he had previously stated, that Ard-Oilen lay a few leazues towards the west from Immayia (Omey), which is a considerable distance from the islands of Aran. He has also referred to the Four Masters, but they only record the death of St. Gormygal, of Ard-Oilen, in A.D. 1017, and do not confound it with Aran. Doctor Lanigan, relying on Colgan, tell into the same mistake, calling Ard-Oilen 7 One of the Aran islands”? chap. xxu. See further on, for what our author says of Ard-Oilen. Tf our limits permit, an ac- count of the ecelesiastieal remains in the islands of Aran, alluded tu by our au- ther, will be given in the Appendix. Y Dun-Bngus.—Mr. Petrie, in his evi- place dence before the Government Commis- sioners of Inquiry on the Ordnance Me- moir tor Treland, A.D. 1843, has stated, that “ Dun Aenguis in Aran, which was erected in the first century, is, perhaps, one of the most magnificent barbaric mo- numents remaining in Europe; it was a fortress of the Belgian kings in Ireland.” Report presented to Sir Robert Peel, p. 36. In addition to the above description of this remarkable place, see our author’s Ogvg,, p. 178; which is the only published ac- count ever given of Dun Engus. In what Doctor Ledwich has written of it in his Antiquities of Ireland, p. 14414. and in Grose’s Antiquities of Treland, vol. ii. p. ¥. there is not, even by chance, one word of truth; except what little he copied from the Ogyyia. Our author above states the chff on which Dun Engus stands, to be 100 fathoms deep; but that statement he has omitted in the Ogvgia. It is not, in He further above states the surrounding wall fact. more than fifty fathoms deep. tobe “ain compass as big as a large castle bawn,? but finding that description con- veyed nó definite idea of its extent, he tried to detine it better in the Ogvg,, 77 place, on the brim of a high clifft, a hundred fathoms deep : being a great wall of bare stones without any mortar, in compass as big as p. 175, by stating that it would “ contain 200 cows in its area.” Even this is de- fective; for it is certain that its area would encompass more than 1000 cows. The limits of these notes prevent further no- tices here, which, if space will allow, may be given in the Appendix. But having (note *, p. 74) given a list of the Christian remains of antiquity in these islands, I here subjoin asimilar list of their principal Pagan antiquities. And first of the great island: 1. Dun ®Aingus.—This great Pagan fortress is situate, in a considerably ruin- ous state, on the south side of the island, in the south-west of the townland of Kil- murvey. It was erected in the first cen- tury of Christianity (see Mac Firbis’s Account of the Firbolgs, in the library of the Royal Irish Academy). This is perhaps one of the finest specimens of barbaric fortresses extant. 2. Dun Eoghanacht, in the western side of the island, on the townland of Eogh- anacht, from which it is called. The ori- ginal name islost. Much of thesurrounding wall is still in good preservation, and is, in some parts, from twelve to sixteen feet in height. 3. Dun Eochla, situate on the highest part of the townland of Eochoill; from which it is named, the original name being also lost. It is in better preservation than Dun Angus. a large 4. At the village of Eochoill, about half a mile south-east of Dun Eochla, there are strongly marked traces of another dun or fort. Its original name is also lost, but the people relate that it was the strongest fort on the island. 5. Dubh-Cathair, anglicized Doocaher, i.e. the black dun or fort, is situate on the townland of Killeany, over the edge of a high cliff; and to all appearance is the oldest dun on the island. Its wall is in some places twenty feet high. 6. About half a mile south-west of the village of Kilronan, are the remains of another dun, but entirely in ruins. 4. Dun Conchobhair, the Dun of Con- nor, on the middle island. This and Dun /Engus are the only duns or forts men- tioned by our author. See further on above, and in Ogyg., pp. 175,176. It is situated on a rocky eminence commanding a view of nearly the entireisland. This ap- pears to have been a more considerable fort, ress than even Dun Angus, to which it is superior in masonry and extent. Its wall, in some places, is twenty fect high. 8. Mothar Dun, on the middle island is situated in a commanding situation on the south-east division or townland called Mohar. It is about the same size as Du Eoghanacht on the great island, and no unlike it in its general appearance. 78 a large castle bawn, with severall long stones on the outside, erected sloapewise about it against assaults. It is named of Engus M‘Anathmore [Cathmore’], of the reliques of the Belgmen in Ireland, there living about the birth-time of Christ. On the east side thereof, the island is somewhat soe low, that about the year 1640, upon an ex- traordinary inundation, the sca, overflowing that bank, went cross over the island, to the north-west. The king’s castle and manor of Arkin’ stood on the north side, over the ship harbour; for the service of which castle all the patents, in eapile of West-Connaught, granted by Queen Elizabeth and y. Cathair na m-han,—civcitas mulierum, on the south island, is now entirely in ruins, There is not at this day extant any tradition concerning it, or even its nime. Tam obliged here to discontinue any further description of these, and some other remains of pagan antiquity to be seen on the Aran islands; but if space al- lows it may be resumed in the Appendix. Y Enygua Ac Cathmore (Qadmop).—He was king or leader of the " Bolzumen,” Fir- bolys or Belgw, at the time alluded to by our author; and by him the great fortress of Dun ZEngus was ercveted. See the Book of Leean, fo. 277, 6; and the Account of the Firbolgs, by Duald Mae Firbis, preserved ww the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, as before mentioned, ‘This latter curious piece of Lrish history yet remains in manu- NN ript; but it is hoped, that it will be published under the AUSPICES of the Irish Archavological Society. " Arkin.—lIn Trish, Gpem, The chiets of the O'Briens, whe tor many centurics King possessed the isles of Aran, held thar principal residence at Aircin, a command- ing situation on the great island. See the Annals of the Four Masters, at A. D. 1565, et ante, p.65, not f. They were soon after this expelled by the O’Flaher- ties; whoin their turn were dispossessed by Queen Elizabeth, by whom the castle of Arkin was erected on the site of O’Bri- en’s fortress. In A.D. 1685, on the Com- position then effected, all the patents of Iar-Connanught were eranted to be held as of “the Queen’s manor or castle of Ar- kyne.” In two vears after this, the islands of Aran were granted by letters patent to John Rawson, who, in an instrument dated sth June, A.D. 1594. inrolled in the Rolls’ Otfice, Dublin, is called * an industrious discoverer of lands tor the Qluecn.” Arkin was considerably fortified in the time of The mundation mentioned by our author, is Cromwell, but ito is mow in ruins. still spoken of in the island. 79 King James, were held; in place whereof, now stands a cittadell, in the usurper Cromwell’s time erected. This island was inhabited by infidells out of Corcomroe’, the next adjacent countrey in the county of Clare, when St. Enna got it (by the donation of Engus King of Munster), Anno Christi circiter 480 (War. Antig. p. 249), who there laid the first foundation of piety, and sowed that small grain of mustard-seed (Math. 13, 31) which so increased, that this island was called Ara Sanctorum. Whereunto may be applyed the pro- phecy of Isaias: “In cubilibus in quibus prius habitabant dracones orietur viror calami et junci, et erit ibi semita et via, et via sancta vo- cabitur.”—( Isai. 35, 7.) The author of Saint Kieran, first abbot of Cluinmacnois, Anno 549 deceased, his life, thus expresseth the in- finit number of saints in that island in his own time: “In qua mul- titudo sanctorum virorum manet, et inumerabiles sancti, omnibus incogniti nisi soli Deo omnipotenti, ibi jacent.” The like expression is to be found in St. Albeus, bishiop of Imly, his life, thus: “ Magna est illa insula, et est terra sanctorum; quia nemo scit numerum sanctorum qui sepulti sunt ibi, nisi solus Deus.” St. Enna’, son of Conall Dearg, of the noble Orgiellian family in Ulster, and brother-in-law, by his sister, to King Engus of Munster aforesaid, followed the evangellical precept of forsaking a rich patri- mony for Christ, and his merits brought him to be abbot beyond seas in Italy, before he came with one hundred and fifty religious persons * Infidells out of Corcomroe.—See ante, p. 65, note. These infidels were headed by a leader named Corbanus, for a curious account of whom, see Colgan’s Acta SS. p- 707, Cc. XV, XVI. > St. Enna.—In Irish, @mne ; in Latin, Endeus. The first abbot of Aran. See his life in Colgan’s Acta SS. p. 704, et deinceps. This holy man was prince of Orgial, or Oriel, Oipgialla, a district which, in his time, comprehended the pre- sent counties of Louth, Monaghan, and Armagh ; but he abandoned all for a re- ligious life in Aran, where, and in I[ar- Connaught, his memory is held, to the present day, in the highest veneration. 80 persons to Aran, where he lived to his decrepit age, upwards of fifty- eight years, for St. Kieran aforesaid, lived nine years under his dis- cipline, and left, Anno 538. ( Usser. in Indice Chronolog.) His sue- cessors, abbots of Aran, continued, I suppose, to the time of [the] suppression of abbeys. The last of whom I find recorded, was Donatus O’Leyn, abbot of Aran, Anno Domini 1400. The memory of St. Gregory the Great‘, kept in this island, was doubtless because [? become] much reverenced of old in Ireland, and honoured with the title of golden mouth, as Cumianus writes in his letter, Anno circiter 634 ( Usser. loco ut et in Sylloge East. p. 31): “ Ad Gregorii Papa, urbis Rome episcopi (a nobis in commune suscepti, et oris aurei appellatione donati) verba me converti,” by which name he is known to this day in Irish. (siraldusCambrensis ( Topogr. Lib. df. a, cap.6) was misinformed‘, © St. Gregory the Great.—Previous to A. D. 596, when this great Pope sent St. Austin to convert the English, he seems to have known but little of that people. See Bede, Hist. Eccl. B. u. ¢. 1. otherwise with respect to the Irish, who It was had been long betore that time converted to Christianity. From the letter of Cummi- anus above quoted, there can be no doubt that the memory of Pope Gregory was “ouch reverenced of old in Ireland,” but there is no authority for any direct) or Immediate connexion between him and our Islands of Aran. We are told above, thut his memory was kept in the great island; and tradition asserts, that the ship-road, or sound between it and middle island was called after Aun, “ Gregory's sound.” It is, however, much more pro- to bable, that Gregory’s sound was called after St. Ceannannach (Ceannpionnac), whose church, on the middle island, see described in Archbishop O’Kealy’s list (p. 74. note 1.) This latter saint's real name, according to tradition, was Gregory ; and by that name he is still called in the parish of Bullinakill (of which he is patron), in Ballinahinch barony. See more of him In our author s account of that barony. 4 Cambrensis was misinformed. —W are treats all the relations of Cambrensis above alluded to as fabulous: “ Sed audi porrd fabulosam = relationem de hac Insula ex Giraldi Cambrensis topogr.”—Antig. cap. xxviil. Ledwich, who undertook to de fend Cambrensis, has not even once alluded to these fables about Aran. He asks, who are Cambrensis’ accusers? and answers his 81 to say that St. Brendan was the chiefe patron of this island (St. Bren- dan visited St. Enna” here once, passing to Kerry; and, another time, on his second adventure of navigation on the ocean). And that humane carcasses need no buriall in it, as free from putre- faction ; which last was attributed to Inisgluaire’ on the sea of Irros- own question thus: “ Richard Stanihurst, John Lynch, and Abbe M‘Geoghegan, and other Roman Catholic writers who detested the English name and nation, and who esteemed it the cruellest dispen- sation of Providence to be subject to them.”— Antig. p. 367. Great wits are said to have short memories. The Doctor here forgot that Cambrensis was himself one of the same class. Akin to Cambren- sis’s account of the dead in Aran, was his description of the living in the island of Monaincha, in Tipperary; thus rendered of old into “the comen Englyshe tonge,” by the learned “ Authour of The Mirroure and Description of the Worlde:” “ There is an other ile wherein noe man may die in nve time of the worlde; but when they bene so oulde and feable that ther members faile and ake and live with gret paine, that they may not helpe ne sustaine them- selffe, and that they had lever die then leve, they doe then (desire) to be borne in to an other ile, and over the water, for to die: and treas that bene in this ile kepe ther leves grene, and verdure all times of the yeare, winter and somer.”— MS. in Lib. Trin. Coll. Dub. E. 3, 8. Led- wich assures his readers, that the passage just quoted, must be understood ‘in a IRISH ARCH. SOC. NO. IS. M downan, refined and spiritual sense.”—Antig. p. 115. © St. Brendan visited St. Enna.—See Primord. p. 963, for the first visit here alluded to. The second took place before St. Brendan set out on his ‘“‘seven years” adventurous, and to this day, mysterious voyage ; on which occasion, as related in his acts, he received the benediction of St. Enna; but that must have been long be- fore A. D. 545, the time assigned by Col- gan (Ind. Chron.), as observed by Dr. Lanigan, vol. ii. p. 35- Although this celebrated “ navigation” of St. Brendan is one of the most curious facts of Irish his- tory, yet it is more than probable, that it never will be satisfactorily explained. Lanigan (loc. cit.) seems to think that the Saint reached some part of America. £ Inisgluatre.—This island, now gene- rally called Inisglory, lies in the ocean, about a mile west of the village of Cross, within the Mullet, in the parish of Kil- more, and barony of Erris, county of Mayo. In Mr. Knight’s map of Erris, the ruins of an abbey are given at Cross, called Mainypeip na cpoire. The Book of Ballymote, fo. 140, and Ogyg. p. 291, mention the fabulous properties attri- buted to Inisglory, which have been above 82 downan, and there itself it is by experience found false. But what he alledges, that it did not breed rats, and that by chance, thither transported, they immediately dyed, I believe was truc in his time; for that is the nature of all the rest of the territorie, except the dis- tricts of Galway town. It was held an ominous presage of the fol- lowing alteration, that rats® frequented Moycullin for one year, ending in Lent, 1653, at which time they all parted in one night, after devouring a carcass of mutton to the bones. About the same time they infested the castle of Bunowan for two years, till it was all burnt, 31st January, 165%. In Irish they are still called French mice, for there was a time when they were no where in Ireland. Near the castle of Arkin was St. Enna’s church, and an abbey of Saint Francis’, both demolished for building the cittadell with their stones. Soe all-devouring time : " Diruit, wditicat, mutat quadrata rutundis.” Not On this little island are to be seen the ruims of four disposed of by our author. and in a short time eat up all the corn in the island.” p. 14. These luéa Pnancaca, of those primitive stone houses called Cloghans (see nute ", p. 68, ante) nearly of a bee-hive form, and three small churches, the oldest of which is dedicated to St. Brendan, the patron of the island; the other two are not ancient. That near St. Brendan’s is called Ceampull na b-peap, the church of the men; and the other, Ceampull na m-ban, or the church of Near the latter is a well de- dicated to the saint. the Women. & Ratez—The migratory habits of these animals are well known. Martin, in his Deseription of the Western Islands of Scotland, states that “a swarm of rats, but none knows how, came into Rona (isle), or French mice, as they are still called, are now unhappily to be found in ‘all the ter- ritoric” of lar-Connaught; which, it seems, was exempt from them in the days of our author. See p. IO, note *. Pococke, in his Tour, referred to p. 72, note’, ante, says of the island of Inisglory, mentioned in the last preceding note: * They say no rat or mouse will live in it, and go so far as to aflirm, that if they bring the earth and shake it in a rick of corn, none of these See the Additional Notes for a curious communi- vermin will touch it.”—p. 59. cation on this subject. b Abhey of St. Francis.—Ware states, vol. L p. 280, that this abbey was erected 83 Not far from thence, to the east, remains a small chappell of St. Enna, wherein Sir Morogh O’Flaherty' of Bunowan was buried, Anno D. 1666. The outside of this chappell, north-east, is the church-yard, where antiently were 120 graves of saints, in one of which St. Enna was buried, where the stone laid over him is as yet to be seen, together with diverse other tomb-stones’ still extant. Here numerous saints interred (as in other parts of the island) rest in peace, till the day of generall resurrection. There is, on the east side of this island, Portdoibhche’*, i. e. Portus-Doly, mentioned in St. Enn’s life (cap. 16), now corruptly Port-eiche; and in each of the two other islands is Trach-na-neach, or Tract-each, i. e. the Horse’s-shore', situated as in his life (cap. 15). in A.D. 1485, but does not mention by whom. It was probably founded by the O’Briens, who were then the possessors of these islands. i Sir Morogh O’ Flaherty.—In his life- time better known by the name of Morogh na Mart, or Morogh of the Beeves. He was, in his day, the most powerful of the western O’Flaherties. His principal re- sidence was the castle of Bunowen, of which more hereafter. According to tra- dition, he was knighted by the Earl of Strafford, Lord Deputy of Ireland, who is said to have visited Iar-Connaught about A. D. 1637, and is still remembered there by the name of “ Black Tom.” Tradition further relates, that when the Lord Deputy arrived at Bunowen, he was informed that O'Flaherty was absent on an expedition against his enemies of Galway; that the Lord Deputy hearing this, patiently await- But ed his return; and was then received with all the rude profusion of Irish hospitality ; and that his Lordship thereupon knighted Morogh na Mart, but soon after robbed him of all his property. Such is the tra- dition; which further adds, that the sole object of “ Black Tom’s” visit to Cona- mara was to obtain a knowledge of the vast possessions of O'Flaherty. It is curious to observe, how ingeniously some truth and much fable are blended toge- ther in this story, as will appear in the sequel. j Tomb-stones. — These tombstones are now buried in the sand. k Portdoibhche.—In Irish, Pope Oaib- ce, Portus Dol, or the port of the large vessel or hogshead; so called from a wild fable related in the life of St. Enna, which see in Colgan, p. 707, c. xvi. ' Horse’s shore.—In Irish, Cn na M 2 84 But Leamhchoill (cap. 14), where he is said to have first arrived in the north side of the island, should be Ochoill; for Leamchoill is in the west continent, whence is a ferry-port into the island, and Ochoill in the island, on the north side thereof, hath a port for boats to arrive, named from Ochoill; and another called Port Caradoc, from St. Caradoc Garbh, to whom Kall-na-manach church in the island is dedicated. Near this port is the Poole of Lough-na-kean- anne, Whereof mention is made im St. Enna’s Life (cap. tg, col. 2). There is but a straight ship-road between St. Gregorie’s Sound, on the east of this island, and Tract-eaech, or the Horse's shore on the midle island. But before Igoe further, I reflect upon an old saying I often heard, thus: This hame yet exists, but is corruptly pre- n-eac, the horse's track or shore. nounced Trazhteagh. For its origin, see Colvan, doe. alt. citat. ch. xv. Where the si- tuation of the shores above alluded = to The other places on the islands and west cone will be found accurately deseribed. tinent mentioned above, are Leamhchoill, se op. 64. note 4 where Leamhehoill is mentioned as being on the island ot Ga- rommna, above called © the west continent.” The Leambhehoill mentioned in the Lite of St. Enna, is the place on the great island ealled Ochuilk where the great stone, " la- pidem grandem,” on which he sailed froin (raromna isle to Aran! as still shewn, about haltra mile north-west of Cromwell's fort. called the currach stone, trom carach, a It is a huge, rough reck, and is beat. Fort Caradoe.—Now Port Couroogh. s Athenry” was, Galway is, Aran shall be the best of the See No. 8, in the list of the churches of Aran, given note (*), p. 74, ante, for Kill- na manach chureh, dedicated to St. Cara- doc. A village in Kilmurvy townland is still ealled after him Courvogh, Coba- pubac, q.d. Caradoc uogh. Lough na Ceanainne.—This is the pool or luke, ealled in the Life of St. Enna, "' Stagnum a] na Ceanainne,” and it is still known by the same name. The tide now mixes with it. ™ Athenry.—In Irish, Me na Riog ; in English, the Ford of the Kings. This was the orizinal name of a ford, or stream- let, on the western boundary of Hy-Many, in the present county of Galway, the prin- cipality of the great family of O’Kelly. See Mr. (Donovan's © Tribes and Cus- toms of Hy-Many,” published by the Archwoulogical Society, LD. 1843. It the three.” 85 Which may be interpreted that Athenry was the crea- tion of a baron, and afterward the creation of a viscount of Galway was at this point the three following an- cient territories met, viz., Aidhne, the country of O’Heyne and O’Shaughnessy, Hy-Many, and Hy-Briuin Seola, now the barony of Clare, originally the country of O'Flaherty. The castle and town afterwards built at this ford of ac na Roig, were named from it Ath-en-ry; or as written in the oldest Anglo-Norman records, Anry. Camden supposed that this was the Auteri of Ptolemy; see Gib- son’s Ed. vol. i. 1831; but if that great antiquary had been acquainted with the frish language, he could not have advanced that supposition. Some fancy that the castle here was built by King John; but it is well known that he never crossed the Shannon. It was erected by the Anglo- Norman barons, about A. D. 1238, among whom were the Berminghams, who after- wards possessed the castle, and became barons of Athenry. In A.D. 1316, a fatal battle was fought here between the Irish and English, in which the former were defeated with great slaughter. This battle, which led to the entire subjuga- tion of the western Irish, is described by the Four Masters at that year; and also by Conly Macgeoghegan, in his translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise.—MS. Lib. Trin. Coll. Dub. E. 3, 8. For an ‘‘old saying” similar to that above quoted, see Stunihurst in his “‘ De- Was scription of Ireland,” written A.D. 1576, and printed in Holinshed, vol. vi. Lond. 1808, p. 30, where, describing Drogheda, he says: “ There runneth a blind pro- phesie on this towne, that Rosse was, Dublin is, Drogheda shall be the best of the three.” It is amusing to see how gravely our learned author explains this “ blind prophesie,” which was evidently bor- rowed from Stanihurst, and applied to the above localities, as it was to many other places in Ireland. It is stated, that ““ Athenry was the creation ofa baron,” by which our author meant, that the place gave that title to the Anglo-Norman fa- mily of Birmingham, in Irish called Jfac Feorais. This ancient barony is supposed to have been held by tenure, and not by crea- tion. It is now in abeyance, but may yet occupy the attention of the House of Lords. The last claimant for the title, Edward Bermingham, Esq., spent his life and for- tune in pursuit of it, and died in indi- gence, leaving it undecided. A treatise on the extinct and dormant peerages of Ire- land, and the successful and disappointed claimantsof Irish titles, including, ofcourse, the celebrated and romantic Annesley case, would prove a most interesting and instruc- tive piece of Irish history. One of the few successful claims of this nature, made of late years in Ireland, was that of the Netter- ville peerage, established by the Editor, in 86 was conferred on Rickard Earl of Clanrickard, extinct with his son the late lord marquis, and now Aran hath the creation of an earl. The midle island of Aran containes eight quarters of land, where there is the like old fortification’ as in the great island, named from Connor Mac IIuathmor, brother to Engus of Dun-Engus, as the tradition goes. Hallowed places in the isle are, our Blessed Lady's chappell ; St. Kenanack his chappell ; a hallowed place, called Atharla Kenerge; and the chappell of Seactmicrigh, or the seven sons of a king. rabbets. Tradition goes, that St. Kenanack was a king of Leinster's son, and Kenerg, a king of Leinster's daughter. in a rock, and never becomes drie. Her well? is there In this island is a great deal of IIence eastward, to Tract-each, in the third island, is another streight ship-road, called Bealagh-na-fearbag. The third island of Aran, Inisoirthir’, or the Eastern Isle, soe the person of the present Right Honour- able Lord Viscount Netterville, A.D. 1834. 2 (Md fortification.—For this and the ® mentioned above, see * hallowed places the lists of the Pagan and Christian remains on those islands of Aran, pp. 74, and 76, Instead of referring to tradition for Jan Conchabh- ante; also Ogvyia, pp. 175. 6. air, as in the above passage, our author might have quoted the authority of the Book of Lecan. of ancient and authentic records relating That valuable collection to Ireland, is now in the possession of the Royal Irish Academy. ° Her well— This is a beautiful spring, and is still called Cobap na Cindinge, or St. Kenerg’s well. Bealagh na fear boy, —in Irish, bealac na Feapbac, the foul called sound mentioned above, will be found no- ticed in the sequel. P Inisoirthir—\mp Ormip. It is now ge- nerally called the South Island, and is di- vided into four Carrows or quarters, which are known by the following names: Car- row druim Arlamain, Carrow Castle, Car- row an locha (so called from a lake there named Loughmore ), and Carrow an phoil- lin. In A. D. 1717. April 17, Edmond Fitz- patrick demised the whole island of Inis- heer to Andrew French, of Galway, mer- chant, fur thirty-one vears, at the yearly rent of £100; with liberty to cut and carry away as much fafch from Straw Island (Oileán a cúise) and Bunacosh in the Great Island, as should be necessary for the houses then. or thereafter to be 87 called of its situation from the two other, contains four quarters of land, with a castle on a height. This island was also called of old Ara-Coemhan, of Saint Coeman‘ of the antient Dal-Messincorb built, on Inisheer. On 26th February, A.D. 1754, John Digby demised Inis- heer to William M‘Namara, of Doolen, County of Clare, for a like term, at £90 yearly.—Orig. Leases. The ‘‘ castle on a height” in this island, is O’Brien’s castle, now in ruins. It is said to have been built by them in the fourteenth century ; but was broken down, in A. D. 1652, by the Parliamentary forces. The lake called Loughmore in this South or Small Island of Aran, if opened, would form one of the finest harbours in Her Majesty's dominions ; vessels would be as safe in it as in any dock. It lies at the mouth of the South Sound, which 1s the best entrance into the bay of Galway; and vessels could reach it at all times. The distance from this lake to the sea is not more than 300 or 400 yards, at an elevation of sixteen or eighteen feet ; and the harbour would accommodate 500 ships of any size; it would at least ac- commodate as many as could ever be ex- pected to come to it. In the passage to America, it would be the most conve- nient harbour on the western coast of Ireland. See, in the Report of the Select Committee on Public Works (Ireland), A.D. 1835, the evidence of M. O'Malley, Esq., Q. 3287-3297. This alone ought to ensure a preference for Galway, as a family, western packet station, beyond any other part of the coast of Ireland. 9 Saint Coeman.— Brother to the ce- lebrated St. Kevin (Coemgene) of Glen- dalough, in the present County of Wick- low; and born of parents of the first rank in Leinster, about the close of the fifth century. St. Coemhan is the most famous of the saints of Aran. He is believed to have often abated storms, and dissipated mists, after having been piously invoked. It happened not long since, that a native of Iniseere, and two of his sons, were fish- ing off the island; a violent storm sud- denly arose, and the father and one of the sons were blown out of the boat and drowned. The other son, who always had a particular veneration for St. Coem- han, cried out, O! a Choemann ca b-puil cu? “QO! Coeman, where art thou?” and the storm immediately subsided. For an account of the ancient Dal Missincorb family of Leinster, see Ogygia, p. 293, and Oyygia Vindicated, p.219. The saint’s church is enumerated among those of this island, in the list contained in note x, p-75- His festival, which, in the time of our author, was celebrated on the 3rd of November, is now held on the 14th of June. His tomb or grave mentioned above, is near the church, but is now al- most covered with sand. 88 family, descended of the kings of Leinster, brother to St. Coemgin, Abbot of Glindalogh, and likely disciple to St. Enna, as his brother was. Ie lies buried in this island, on the north side of the church dedicated to his name; where he is worshipped the 3rd of November. There is a marble stone over his tomb, with a square wall built about it, on a plain green field in prospect of the sea, where sick people used to lye over night’, and recover health of God, for his Lye over niyht.—This is still the cus- tom here, and cures are said to be fre- quently pertormed. ‘The grave, or, as it is now more generally called, the bed, or place of rest, is believed to have the mi- raculous power of adapting itself to the size of every person who lies in it. Pity, as the lively French traveller Latocnaye might here exelaim, that the bed of Pro- erustes had not the same accommodating quality! Among the cures said fo hare been performed, may be classed the following * EXTRAORDINARY CURE AT ST. AUGUSTINE'S WELL, NEAR GALWAY, ANNO 1073. " Examinations of withnesses tacken, the under written persons, both of the clergie eworne, and examined betFore us and Jaytie of the towne of Gallway, about an ertraordinarie Aelivery, and speedy amendment happened to Patricke Lyneche, sonne to Patrick Lyneche Fitz-Maurice of Gallway, merchant, and Redise Lyneh, at St. Augustin’s well, neare Gallway, on St. Barnabie’s day lust, being the sith of June, 1673. *Patricke Lynch of Gallway, youth, sake. adged fourtine yeares or thereabout, being examined, voluntarily deposed uppon the holly Evangelists, that hee was visited with a most grivous, desperat, and dan- gerus disease, and given over by all doc- tors to be incurable, and could not eate one bite since Ester last, and what little sustenance of milke hee would take hee presently wometted the same, soe as all things were prepared for his death, and no humane hopes of his recovery, and Was, in that maner, like a deade body, brought to St. Augustine's well as affor- said, on the rith day instant, and there was totally diped in the said well, having no fileing thereof, and being brought upp was wraped by Mary Burke into a wollin plaide, where hee slumbered about a quar- ter of an hover, untill his mother wocked and stired him, and there wept, and yrivously blamed his mother for stiring him, having seene fo dom, that hee sawe Our Lord Jesus Christ and his blessed mother, and a multitude of brave winged birdes, and desired his mother to bring hima cupe of water out of the well, and thereof drunke three draughts, in the sake. 89 I have seen one grieviously tormented by a thorn thrust into his eye, who by lying soe in St. Coeman’s burying place, had it mi- name of the Father, and of the Sonne, and of the Holly Gost, and there got upp of himselfe, and walked about the well, and tould his mother then, that hee was ad- vised , to visit the well neine dayes, and to drinke thereof three tymes in etech day, and that he would doe well, and douth continue since to observe the same dayly, and since is cured of the womitting dis- ease, and douth eath and drinke ever since with a great apetit and deseire, and douth slipe well, and is allwayes since uppon the mending hand, the Eternall God bee glorified, and praised for the same for ever. “ Redise Lynch mother to the affore- said examined, voluntarily deposed uppon the Holly Evangelists, that the contentes of the above examination of her sonne the said Patricke Lynch is true, to all in- tentes and purposes, and was present with him at St. Augustin’s well, when he was , delivered and amended from his disease as afforesaid, being formerlly past all hu- mane cure, as the doctours tould this de- ponent, and dayly redie to dey in her oppinion, and is since uppon the mending hand. “ Mary Burke adged fifty years or thereabouts, being examined, voluntarily deposed uppon the holly Evangelists, that shee was along with the said Patricke Lynch at the afforesaid well, and at the IRISH ARCH. SOC. I§. N raculously tyme afforesaid, and that the contents of the former examinations is true, and sawe and observed the same. “ Patricke Lynch fitz-Marcus, father to the said youth Patricke Lynch, being ex- amined voluntarielly deposed uppon the holly Evangelists, that he gave his said sonne for lost, and that all the phisicians that visited him did give the same oppinion of him, and to that purpose prepared a coffin, and all other necessary for his death, and that ever since his beeing at the afforesaid well, hee observed hee eates and drinke, slipes, walke upp and downe, and at the mending hande.—Gallway the 23rd of June, 1673. “MATTHEw Lyncg, Warden of Gallway. “Fr. WILLIAM BoUREE, Prior Ord. Pred. “Fr, JAMES BuakeE, S. Theol. lector, ord. S. Fran“. “ Fr. DoMNICKE LYNCH. “ Fr. DOMINICKE MARTIN, Prior of S. Augustin. “Fr. EowARp BopKINE, Aug™. “ Fr. MARTINU8 FRENCH, Aug”. “é PATRICEE MARTINE. “ ANTH. FFRENCH. “ RICHARD MARTIN. “ MAgcus LyYncu.” The foregoing document has been tran- scribed from the original, preserved in St. go raculously taken out, without the least feeling of the patient; the marke whereof, in the corner of his eye, still remaines. As this Coeman gave the name of Ara Coemhan to the island, so he. from the island, is called Coeman-airne, i.e. Coeman of Aran. For Ara (signifying a kidney), the common name of the three islands, in the nominative, is Airne, or Arann in the genitive of the Irish ; whence father Colganus (26 Jfur. p. 750) thought Airne a distinct name of one of the islands. There is another St. Coeman, disciple of St. Patrick, abbot of Ardcveman or Airdnecoeman abby (in. 12 in Colgan. in Vita 7™ AS. Patr. par. n. cap. 54), near Wexford, wherein his feast is cele- brated the iath of June (Jbid. p. 177, num. 88). This likeness of the names of Airdncoeman and Coeman-airne, and other circum- stances, induced father Colganus’ (Jbud/. prope jinem) to believe Coeman of Ardnecoeman, and Coeman-.Airne were the same person, Auyustine’s convent, Galway. The words “an extraordinarie,” in italies, were in- serted in place of “a miraculous,” evi- dently before the paper Was attested ; * enwre was displaced for * amendment,” At the first caret, after the word “ advised,” the and oc arias? for “to him.” words én Ada ciation” were expunged 5 at the second earet, after "as? the word .* muraculonaly” likewise Uppears expunyed, and ctamended,”? immediately following Hy Was inserted in place of ‘+ ewred.” These significant. alterations shew, that however anxious the friends of the youth, and perhaps others, were, that the cure should be considered miraculous; or how- ever convinced they might have been that it really was so, yet the attesting parties and The ‘amendinent? may be attributed to hy- dri pathy, 1.6. cure by cold water. > Father Colganus. — The published works of this learned and laborious com- piler of the lives of our national saints, so frequently referred to by our author, viz., the * Acta Sanctorum Hibernia,” and * Triadis Thaumaturgw, Ac. Acta,” are now seldom found except in public Lbra- ries. His unpublished works, mentioned in Hurris’s Ware, vol ii. p. 141, are, as | am assured by a respectable member of his order, at present preserved in the Irish College at Rome. “They may be classed among the most important docu- were of a very different opinion. ments connected with the ancient history of Ireland. 91 and worshipped the 12th June (Colg. 12 Mar. p. 586, num. 6. Item 21 Mar. p. 715, prope finem). But it appears by an old author, Engus-kele-de, quoted by fa. Colganus (12 Mar. p. 586, num. 4, 5, 6), that Coeman-Airne was brother to St. Coemgin; and elsewhere (supra, p.177, num. 88, Vite 7™* S. Patr.), that Coeman, St. Coem- gin his brother, is worshiped the 3rd November. It is another mis- take of father Colganus (21 Mar. p. 714, 715, cap. 7) to write, that Ard-Olen was the same with this island, for Ard-Olen lyes as else- where he hath (20 Jan. p. 135, cap. 22, and p. 141, num. 13), of which hereafter. Neither is the most eastern the chiefest' of the three isles, as he tooke it (21 Afar. p. 714, cap. 7), but rather the smallest, wherein, besides St. Coeman’s church, is a chappell of St. Gobnat, V[irgin], worshipped 11th of February; and another of St. Paul. On the south-east side of this island, is a great rock in the sea, remarkable for ship wracks, called Finnis"; which gave the name of t Neither is the most eastern the chief- est.—Colgan, p. 714, col. a, has unac- countably mistaken this castern island, which is the smallest of the three islands, for Aranmore, which is the largest and most westerly of them. It is probable, that he was led into the mistake by some Incorrect map, in which these islands were either misplaced, or their position reversed ; and that to the same cause may beattributed his mistake about Ardoilen, which occurs in the same place. See p. 76, note X, ante. Before Colgan’s time the maps of Ireland were grossly inaccurate. In some of them this east Island of Aran is set down as the largest. In the government map, headed, Bealagh- “ Hibernia, insula, non procul ab Anglia, wlgare Hirlandia vocata, 1567,” published with the State Papers, London, 1834, vol. ii, the middle island appears the greatest. u Finnis.—This rock is described by Mr. Nimmo in his Piloting Directions, p. 167, 6, as being “ above a quarter of a mile from the shore, dry with spring tides only.” Headds, “ On the north-west part of Inishere, in Foul Sound, a rocky ledge extends one-third over, having six feet water upon it.” Bealagh-na-Finnis, men- tioned above, means the way or sound of the Finnis rock; but it is now always called the South Sound. N 2 92 Bealagh-na-finnis to the ship road between this island and the county of Clare. All the ships bound íor or from Galway, must saile by the isles of Aran, in either of the four roads, viz., Bealagh-Lougha Lurgan" (so called of old, Lough Lurgan, de gue p. 26) between the west continent and the great island. Bealagh-na-haite (so called of Binnaite, the next land over it in the great island), between the great island and the midle island. —Bealagh na-fearboy, so called of the land next it in the middle island and the east island. And, Bealagh- na-finnis, between that and the county of Clare. Taving thus sur- veyed the three isles of Aran, as in a sea parenthesis, I will hence steere my course from the cape of Golam-head (the furthest point this side the west continent—of the west continent I touched) to the barony of Balinahinsy. The barony of Balynahinsy” (known in Irish by the name of v Bealagh-Lougha Lurgan,.—I In Trish Healac loca Gupgan, the way or sound of Lough Lurgan. We have seen betore, p. 42. that Lough Lurgan was the ancient name of the bay of Galway. This sound is always so called in Irish; but in English it is generally called the North Sound, and is the entrance to Galway bay by the Skird rocks—See Nimmo’s The other sounds or passages mentioned above are, Piloting Direetions, p. 168. Bealagh-na-haite. — 6ealac na h-aice, now always called Gregory's Sound. — It takes its name from Binn Aite, an elevated part of the Great Island in the townland of Killeany.—See Nimmo, p.1697. Bealagh- na-fearboy.—In Trish, Bealuc na Feap- bac, or the Foul Sound. So called) from Conmhaicne- Feapbac, a part of the Middle Island verging on it. Bealagh-na-Finnis.— In Irish, Óealac na Finnipe. See the last This South Sound * is between Dunmactelin in the county of Clare and Inishere Island.’—Vimmo, p. 168, ó. “ Balynahinay.—Vn Irish, Óaile na h-Injpt, the town or bally of the island, This barony, which was the ancient dis- triet of Conmuicne-mara (now Anzlicised Connamara), was created in A.D. 1585; and took its name from a well-known castle in the district, belonging to the western OM Flaherties, See, in the Appendix, the composition entered into in that year, for Jur-Connaught. note 4%, This barony was for a long period divided into the two half baronies of Balinahineh, viz., north and 93 Conmhaicne-mara, i.e. the Sea Conmacny, to distinguish from Con- macny-rein), containing Angaly in the county of Longford, and south (called also the two Connamaras), which were separated by the Owinglin river, that falls into the harbour of Ard- bear. The record in the British Museum, dated A. D. 1586, before referred to, p. 44, note 8, describes this barony as follows: “ The barony of Ballenehence, conteyning the it Conymares, vil myles long and vi broad; and is, after like rate, plowlands five. Murrogh ne doo O’flarty chief in the same.—Parishes (4) Vicar. of Balli- nekilly— Vicar. of Ballindoyne—Vicar. of Omeya—Vicar. of Maicrus.— Gentlemen and their castles, viz. Donell Ecowga, Ballenehense ; Edmund Oflairte, Kyllin- downe; Edmund MF. Hugh, A new Castle; Ochaghy of Lettermellan; Donell Ecowga, Bonowyn; Tege ne Buly of Arddearee ; Miles M°.Tibbot, Reynivylie.—Castles 7.” —Titus, B. xiii. For the other ancient territories called Conmhaicne, mentioned above by our author, see his Ogyg. p. 275. Antiqua- ries further relate, that “ Fionnchaomh, son of Cosgrach, descended from Conmac, had for his inheritance the territories of Conmaiene Cuile-tola, and Conmaicne-ma- ra; that his son Caireach was the first of his line who embraced the Christian faith, and that he was baptized, with all his re- tinue, at Tarach, by St. Patrick, whom he invited into his country to propagate the faith there.” For this, see O’Ferall’s Munter- Linea Antiqua, or Book of Irish Gene- alogies, preserved in the Office of Arms, Dublin. O’Cadhla (O’Kealy) was after- wards chief of Conmhaicne-mara. It is written, that from hence, a body of troops, under Carnen their chief, joined the stand- ard of Brien Borumha, and fought at Clontarf, A.D. 1014. The Four Masters relate, that in A. D. 1139, Aodh (Lfugh) O’Cadhla was lord of Conmacne-mara ; and O’Dugan records, in his Metrical 'To- pography, compiled about A.D. 1350, that O’Cadhla was the chieftain at the time of the Anglo-Norman invasion: ‘6p Conmaicne mapa móin O Cadla cana an Comoil.” ‘* Over Conmacne-mara great, Was O’Cadhla, friend of banquets.” From O’Dugan, Lynch, in Cambrensis Eversus, p. 27, has, “ O’Cadhla Quelly in Conmacniamara.” Colgan la- tinizes thename Queleus. Doctor O’Kealy, R.C. Archb. of Tuam, who, about A. D. 1645, furnished Colgan with the account of the ecclesiastical remains of Aran, be- fore referred to, p. 74, note *, was of this old family. See the eulogy on that pre- late by Lynch in Vita Kirovani, p. 47. The Muintir Murchadha, or O’Flaherties of Ui Briuin Seola, being driven from the plain of Ui Briuin Seola by the Anglo- Norman settlers in 1238, proceeded across Lough Orbsen, and possessed themselves sive 94 Munter-Eolais in the county of Leitrim; Conmacny Dunmore, now the barony of Dunmore”, in the county of Galway; and Conmacny- culy, now Killmayn barony, in the county of Mayo, is divided into the south and north half baronys, and, on the cast side, lyes adjacent to the barony of Moycullin; washed by the Western Ocean on the south-west and north coasts of it, till it mears with the mountaines of Joyee Countrey on the north-east. On these coasts ambergreese’ of Conmaicne-mara. The O'Cadhlas then lost their authority, and disappear from history; but the name is still to be found among the peasantry in the mountainous district of Ross barony 3) and some res- pectable gentlemen of the name, though not of this race, reside in other parts of the country. “The name Agley, in the rounty of Waterford, is of another race, and is spelt in Irish O'Caella, © Punmore.—In Irish, Oún Mop, the vreat fort or dun. which gives name to the barony of Dunmore, in the county of Galway. Here there was a strony fortress of the kings of Connaught; and there still re- main the ruins ofan extensive castle, said traditionally to have been built by Hosdech (Hlosty) Mac Membrie, or Mebric (now Merrick), one of the Weleh adventurers This was possessed by the Anglo-Norman Ber- In A.D. 1240. it was burned by the army of the the reivn of mentioned 1) the sequel, eastle Wonehams, barons of Athenry. king of Connaught. In Queen Elizabeth, the Berminghams being Ah nFHus avainst the Queen, Sir Henry Sidney, A. 1). 156y, besieged and took the castle of Dunmore. It was finally dis- mantled in the time of Cromwell ” Amberyrecse.—(Ambra grisea.) “This substance affords another proof of the re- sort of whales to that part of the Atlantic Ocean off the western shores” of Iar-Con- naught,—See p. 12, note", It is now well ascertained, that ° Ambergris ir indurated fiveal matter, discharged by the sperma- ceti tchale, a species of physeter (Physeter macrocephalus), H has been found in that species of whale, but usually is found float- ing on the surface of the ocean, 7 reqions Srequented hy whales, sometimes in masses of from 60 to 225lbs. weight. In this substance are found the beaks of the cuttlefish (Sepia moschata), ón which that whale is known to feed. It is highly valued as a omaterial in perfumery.”— Kincue. Sce Bi mites Natural Hist ry, gta, Dublin, 1720. p.146, for an account of Ambergreese found near Slivo, A.D. 1691; and Beale. Nat. Pst. of the Sperm Whale, 18 3y. It is net to be wondered at, that in the time of our author, the poor unin- forced natives of lar-Connaught should Le Unacquainted with the value of amber- 95 is frequently found. In the year 1666, there was a great deal of black amber cast ashore every where, and the people, not used to the like, knew it not at first, yet they could get ten shillings an ounce for it, when people understood what it was. The best is of the colour of Castile soap, and worth seventy shillings an ounce. Here are some spots of fine arable land, by the sea side, almost everywhere; and where that is wanting they work with the spade. The countrey is generally commendable for fishing, fowling, and hunting. No river there towards the sea, and scarce any smail brook, without salmons, white trouts, and eels. Many wast islands here, during the summer season, are all covered over with bird eggs, far more delicate than those laid by poultry. Here is yearly great slaughter made of seales’, about Michaelmas, on wild rocks and gris, as above related; when we know, that ata later period they were ignorant of matters in much more general use. The Editor remembers an old gentleman who knew the district well, and who used to relate a pleasant occurrence which took place in it within his own memory. Several chests of tea were washed in on the western shore, and the inhabitants, not knowing “what it was,” tried in various ways to ascertain it’s use. One of these was by boil- ing it, then pouring away the fragrant li- quid, and cooking the leaves for food; but finding them in that way rather unpala- table, they gave up all further experiments, and converted the rich cargo into manure. Several other stories are told of the simple manners of that primitive people; but I have never heard that they mistook the use of the French wines, the rum, brandy, wast and other tupcupca mana, eectamenta maris of that kind, so frequently thrown on their shores. The present inhabitants are as shrewd and intelligent a race as can be found in any other part of Ireland. 2 Slaughter made of seales.—This prac- tice has been since discontinued. See ante, p. 27, note t. That the seal (Phoca vitulina) was formerly used for food along the coasts of Ireland, appears from seve- ral ancient authorities; among others, from the old “ Book of Lismore,” in the possession of His Grace the Duke of De- vonshire. For the following extract on the subject, I am indebted to that ex- cellent Irish scholar, Mr. Eugene Curry, of Dublin, who has lately transcribed that venerable record for the library of the Royal Irish Academy: “Peache ann cancacan aids co Opigic, 96 Many lands here invironed for the most wast Islands of the sea. part by the sea, are called Irros, with an adjecction to distinguish them one from another. atiat vaipli cnarboeca, .1. na pect n-ep- puic pilec a culng mo ainptean Cans- Ip ann rin popcongain Opigic pon apaili pean dia muinneip cece bo Cum in muna, co n-deapnad iapgac do na h-aigeadouib, Céic in pean 7 a mup-ga lap, 7 cecmang pon vo, Suid Inn in pongaul, 7 ceangluid a céic oi laim. Taippngid in pon leir in pean cap in ean. b-painnce co chais mana Óneacan, cu b-pancuib annpin h-é pron canpaic, tap m-bnipead na cécu. Ro cuipead ban in non pron cular 7 a Fas ann, cu po laa mí muin h-e pon pin cndi& ba compoc- naib vo Omsic. Oo nacrac, umonno, 1upcaipeda Opeacun cupac do tapcaipe Opizgce, ó po invip a pcela dob ; cuinic Lappin cap muin, co b-fuain a pon 1 cpaig mana Cangean ibup, co puc leir co h-avdeuduib Opigce."—* On a cer- tain time, there came visitors to S¢ Bridget, and they were noble and de yout, viz. the seven bishops of Tulla in the east of Leinster. Then Bridget commanded a certain man of her people to go to the sea, and to fish for the vi- sitors. ‘The man went forth, carrying his sea-spear (mup-ga) and he met a seal. He struck the seal-spear (pon-fut) into it, The seal dragzed the man after him over the wa to the shore of Britain, where it left him upon a rock, after having broken the and tied the rope fast to his arm. Between rope. The seal was, however, sent back, with the spear sticking in him, until he was cast by the sea on the part of the shore nearest to Bridget. The British fishermen gave a curach [leathern canoe] to Bridget’s fisherman, when he told them his adventure; and he then came over the sea, and found his seal on the strand of Leinster on the return: and he carried it to Bridget’s visitors.”"— Book of Liemore fol. §7, a. Transcript, in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, p. 30. Rejecting the marvellous part of this story, the remainder proves, that in Ire- Jund seals were anciently used for food. In the west of Scotland, seals and whales Were caten, even to a much later period, See Martin’s Description of the Western Islands, pp. 5, 64:°* The Natives salt the Seals with the ashes of burned Sea-ware, and say they are good Food; the vulgar eat them commonly in the Spring time, with a long pointed Stick instead of a Fork, to prevent the strong smell which their hands would otherwise have for se veral Hours after.” Amongst the better- fed people of England, seals and porpoises were trequently feasted upon in former days. See Henry's History, vol. v. Ap- pendix vic; but the historian adds, that “ Porpoises and seals are seldom seen at It is observed, that the people of Aran, who wear seal- modern entertainments.” 97 Between the capes of Golam-head and Mason-head, the ocean, breaking into the haven of Cassin, separates the barony of Balyna- hinsy from the barony of Moycullin. This coast hath severall banks of scollops and oysters, whereunto Inverglassan river, parting both barony’s, falls. The next land on the west of it is Irrosainhagh, a small coun- trey; and therein the lands of St. Kieran’s church and hill, named likely from St Kieran of Cluain-M* Nois, St. Ennas’s disciple, wor- shipped gth September. Over against Mason-head, southward in the same countrey, lies Cruagh mhic Dara’, a small high island and harbour ? skin pumps, or “ pampooties,’’ are never afflicted with gout. They affirm, that a piece of the skin worn on the person, cures and keeps away the cholic. See Keogh’s Zoologia Medicinalis Hibernica, p- 77; and Martin’s Western Islands of Scotland, p. 64, for various virtues attri- buted to the flesh, skin, and other parts of this animal. The several places named above, are within the parish of Moyrus, Mag Rup, i.e. the plain or field of the point or pro- montory. This parish forms the southern portion of Conamara, or Balinahinch ba- rony. It is bounded on the north-west by the parish of Ballindoon; on the north by the parish of Ballynakill; on the north- east by the barony of Ross; on the east by that of Moycullen ; and south and south- west by the Atlantic.—lonpur, a border, brink, margin, promontory, or head-land. The extreme western point of the county of Clare is so called. So loppur Oomnan, the present barony of Erris, county of Mayo.— IRISH ARCH. SOC. I. for See p. 73, note’. Mason-head, Ceann Mapa, the head of the land called Maus or Mace.—Inverglassen River, now called Incermore. \nbean, Inver, the mouth of a river. It divides most of that part of Moycullen barony, anciently called Gno- more, from the barony of Balinahinch.— Irrossinhagh, in Irish, Ippuy Cinbéeac, the stormy Irros, as Mr. O'Donovan con- jectures in his notes of this parish for the Ordnance Survey ; and for which he quotes the following passage from an old poem in the Leabhar Gabhala, or Book of Invasions: ‘* Suisem ponn fone an cncctc, ainbteac fuace.” The lands of St. Kie- ran’s church.— These lands are situate on the south-east of Moyrus parish, and are so called from an old church there, Cill Chianónn, dedicated to St. Kieran ; near which is a holy well, Coban Chiapdin. * Cruach mhic Dara.— Literally the stack or rick (from its appearance in the ocean) of Mac Dara, who is the patron saint of Moyrus parish. It is now always 98 This island is an inviolable sanctuary, dedicated to Mac for ships. Dara, a miraculous saint; whose chappell is within it, where his culled Odean Mhie Dara, or Mac Dara’s island; but in Nimmo’s Piloting Direc- tions, p.175, Cruankarra. In terming this island ‘‘an inviolable sanctuary,” our au- thor does not mean that it was ever ap- pointed a sanctuary or asylum, to which fugitives might resort for protection, ‘ se- des ad quam reus fugiendo proveniens, omnimedo habet securitatem” (for in that sense all Tar-Connaught has been often termed an asylum.—See Stat. Kilkenny, p.7, note); but rather that it was a place, like the sanctuary of a church, always held in the utmost veneration, St. Mac Dara is to this day held in the ereatest respect by all the seafaring people and natives of the western coasts and islands. ‘They often name their children after him. inet with Mac Dara O'Flaherty, Mae Dara M:Donough, Mae Dara O’Brien, we. and Thus you will frequently even their boats bear his mame. To sail in the * Mac Dara.’ is considered a yua- rantee for personal safety. Tf you want a boat, one of the fishermen, perhaps Mac Dara M*Donough, will tell you, that his is the" Mae Dara, and that in itself he con- Nuot- withstanding this saints local celebrity, his der a sufficient reeommendation. name does not appear im any of the Ca- lendarsor Martyrologies at present known ; but that he flourished at an early period, may be concluded frum the antiquity of statue his church. The remains of this primi- tive Irish building are well worthy of attention. It is situated near the only secure landing place, on the eastern shore of the island. Part of the original stone roof is still remaining. The entrance, in the western gable, is a fine specimen of the semi-evelopean doorway. About 100 yards distance from the church, on the north side, there is a square altar, with a cross upon it; and near it a holy well, dedicated to the saint. In this church * his statue of wood for many ages stood.” In former times, it was usual to preserve in Irish churches, ste- tues of their founders or patrons. Sce Hib. Dominicana, pp. 273. 344: Cumbrensis stutes that, in his time, many such were preserved; and at the present day there are some remaining. In the small chapel of St. Brendan, on the island of Iniswluaire (Inisylory ), of the coast of Erris, in the county Mayo, the statue of that saint may still beseen: and inthe island of Inismurry, off the coast of Shiro, the statue of Se. Molaise (called by some ridiculers, * Father Molash”™), is still, or lately was, preserved, in his old stone-roofed chapel there. —Sev Archdall’s Monasticon, p. 635; and An- derson’s Historical Sketches of the an- elent native Irish, Edinburgh, 1828, p. 168. The statue of St. Mac Dara remained in his church until about 200 years agu, when 99 statue of wood for many ages stood, till Malachias Queleus, Arch- bishope of Tuam, caused it to be buryed under ground, for special] weighty reasons. On the shore of this island is the captives’ stone, where women, on low water, use to gather duleasg” for a friend’s sake in captivity, whereby they believe he will soon get succour by the intercession of the saint. Duleasg, or salt-leafe, is a weed growing on sea-rocks, and preserved by spreading it on dry stones in fair weather, and soon after, when occasion serves, for eating. There is scarce any sea shore [where] it grows not. The boats that pass between Mason-head and this island, have a the Archbishop of Tuam “ caused it to be buryed under ground, for speciall weighty reasons;” probably to prevent the island- ers from asseverating by the saint,as was then, and is still practised, on the relics of saints, in other places, notwithstanding the utmost vigilance of the clergy to pre- vent it. Martin, in his Description of the Western Islands of Scotland, informs us, that in St. Barr’s church, in the isle of Kismul, “ The Natives have St. Barra Wooden Image standing on the Altar, co- vered with Linen in form of a shirt, all their greatest Asseverations are by this Saint. I came very early in theMorning with an Intention to see this Image, but was dis- appointed, for the Natives prevented me, by carrying it away, lest I might take oc- casion to ridicule their superstition, as some Protestants have done formerly, and when I was gone, it was again exposed on the Altar.”"—p. 92. It was probably to prevent similar asseverations, that the sta- custome tue of St. Mac Dara was ‘“ buryed,” as above related by our author. > Gather duleasg.—The Rhodomenia pal- mata, now called dilisk—This singular su- perstition has not been practised here for many years; although an aged person has assured me, that in her youth it was fre- quent. A few of these “old observances” still remain, of which the following have recently occurred. Some fishermen to the west of Galway, in order to obtain a fair wind, buried a cat to its neck in the sand on the sea shore, turning its face to the point from which the adverse wind blew ; and there left the poor ani- mal to perish. In the west of Iar-Con- naught, they sometimes erect a pile of stones on the shore, bearing a rude re- semblance to a small house or castle, which they offer to some imaginary being or goblin, and expect a fair wind in re- turn. But this is considered a serious affair, and can never be repeated by the O 2 100 custome to bow down their sailes* three times, in reverence to the saint. A certain captain of the garrison of Galway, Anno 1672, passing this way, and neglecting that custome, was so tossed with sea and storme, that he vowed he would never pass there again, without paying his obeysance to the saint; but he never [re]turned home, till he was cast away by shipwrack soon after. Few years after, one Gill, a fisherman of Galway, who would not strike saile, in contempt of the saint, went not a mile beyond that road, when, sitting on the pup of the boat, the mast, by [a] contrary blast of wind, broke, and struck him on the pate dead, the day being fair weather both before and after. This saints proper name was Sinach*, and patronimically called same individual. In these matters sailors and fishermen are superstitious in all countries. Martin relates, that in the western islands of Scotland, * It was an ancient Custom among the Islanders, to hang a He Goat to the Boat’s Mast, hoping thereby to procure a favourable Wind."— }. 109. © Bow down their sailea.—This is seru- pulously observed to the present day; and Is performed by lowering the main-sail a little, three times. | The custom is sup- posed to have originated with some plous boatinen, who, probably in the life-time of the saint, first: adopted that mode of salutation on sailing by the island. That precedent a few times repeated, and a wreck or other accident) befalling a boat which might happen to neglect it, would be sutlicient to establish the ceremony. But, however it may have originated, few sea- Mac faring natives of the coasts) would now venture to omit that accustomed mark of respect to St. Mac Dara. Many catas- trophes, similar to those above mentioned, are still confidently attributed to its omis- sion. It may be easily believed, that among the numerous wrecks and sea scci- dents which have occurred along these Western coasts, some may have been at- tended by circumstances, which would in- duce a less imaginative people than the Irish to attribute them to the causes above assighed. It would be useless to object, that ourauthor’s incredulous captain might have been cast away, and poor Gill knocked on the pate, even though they had paid the accustomed obeisancee. 4 Sinach.—Sionnac, a for. It is a curious coincidence, that the name of this favourite saint of our western fishermen, should be that ofan animal which, of all others, they 10! Mac Dara, from his father Dara. The parish church of Moyras, by the sea shore just opposite to the island, in the continent of Irros- most abhor. So great is their aversion to a fox, hare, or rabbit, that they never so much as mention their names themselves, nor can they endure even to hear them named by others. Ifa fisherman of Clad- dagh, vide ante, p. 42, note4, happens to see one of those animals, or to hear its name mentioned, he would not on that day ven- ture to sea; and the cause of this strange superstition they neither know themselves, nor can any one else account for. But it has been often turned to their disad- vantage, of which the following, among other instances, has been frequently re- lated. Near the great fishing village of Claddagh, there once lived a butcher, who used to take a humorous but mischievous advantage of the simplicity of his neigh- bours. They never, it appears, go to fish on Saturday, for fear of breaking in on the sabbath, a day which they always scrupulously observe. Friday is, there- fore, one of their principal fishing days; and a successful “ take” on that day, ge- nerally has the effect of reducing the price of meat in the ensuing Saturday’s market. The butcher, whose calling was thus occasionally injured, contrived for a long time to prevent it, by procuring a fox, or, as some say, a stuffed fox-skin, and causing it to be exhibited, every Fri- day morning, through the village. This in- variably caused a general noise and move- ainhagh, ment among the fishermen, not unlike those of gulls in a loom-gale ; and it never failed to make them, for that day at least, abandon their fishing excursion. It is probable, that to this moment, not one on the coast is aware that St. Mac Dara’s real name was Stonnach, although his altar-stone, “Leac Shinach,” is said to be still preserved. It has been pleasantly remarked by Mr. O’Donovan, that if a man of the name of Foz, Hare, or Rabbit, wished to settle among the Claddagh fishermen, he should change his name to Pike, Codde, or Salmon, or some such ; for that his name would destroy the luck and happiness of this strange people. The ancient parish church of Moyrus is now in ruins. It had originally two door- ways, one in the north side, and the other in the south. The former is built up. The latter, which is that now used, is formed of three concentric arches of beau- tifully cut stone. In the eastern gable there was a fine window, now nearly de- stroyed. Here St. Mac Dara’s festival, la péile Mhic Oana, is kept, and is at- tended principally by fishermen. The castle of Ardes.—In Irish, Carplean na h-Ciipde, now a ruin, is situate about seven miles north-west of Golam Head. Here “ Teige ne Booly (dzle) O’ Ffiahertie of the Arde,otherwise called O’Fflahertie of both Con O’Marrice (Conamaras),” the 102 ainhagh, is dedicated to his name, where is kept his altar stone, by the name of Leac Sinach. Moyras parish, the 16th of July. His festivall day is kept as patron of Not far from Moyras, by a creek of the same sea, stands the castle of Ardes. On this side of Irros Ainhagh, is Murloghmore, or Blackford haven, a very broad and most safe harbour for ships; where there Is an inexhaustible bank of oysters, that are carryed by boats hence to Galway. Into this haven, from Irros-ainhagh, comes Owangowla, «river of salmon fish and white trouts. From Macdara Island, westward, lies a like small high island, corruptly called Cruagh na hily*, chief of the western O’Fflaherties, resided in A.D. 1585.—Jndenture of Composition. By an inquisition taken 17th August, 1607, it was found that the same Teige na buile ** was seised of the castle or stone of Arde.” more in detail, see the Appendix.—.Wrr- fortress For these records, lashmore, or Blackford hacen.—Both these names are now obsolete. The haven is called Birterbuy (Bertrach buidhe) bay.— See Nimmo’s Piloting Directions, p. 176. Bertrach is the usual name in Connamara for an oyster-bank. — Oacan-gowla,—In Irish. (bainn Ohabla, the Forked River, Hows into the east side of Birterbuy bay. © Cruagh na Kily—In Irish, Cpuac na the ocean, now called Craanakeely, and some- times Deer Island. of St. Coclann, mentioned by our author, Caoile, an uninhabited island in Of the ancient chapel ne trace now remains. On the summit af this island there are some heaps of stones, Which are said to have been raised for Cruagh Coelann. Cruagh is any as monuments over people who formerly died here of starvation. The traditional account of the vccurrence is curious, and is generally related as follows:—In the reign of Elizabeth, there came into Iar- Connaught, a man of venerable appearance, who, as it afterwards appeared, was abbot of a Cistercian monastery, called the White Friars, in Donegal. He was a member of the great family of O'Donnell; and nearly related to its celebrated chieftain Hugh Ruadh. Having refused to surrender his monastery, it was suppressed by the Queen's commissioners; the abbot himself was procluimed a traitor, and a reward offered for his head. He then fled to Jur-Connaught, as before related, and there found a long and secure asylum, at the foot of Cnoe a Caillean hill, in the pa- rish of Moyrus, near the sea shore, where Here he was occasionally visited by his brother, who afterwards settled in the country, a Martello tower now stands. 103 any high hill like a stake [stack], as these islands are; and Coelann is the saint to whom the island is dedicated, whose chappell is therein. and by others of his kindred from Done- gal. After a long search by the Queen’s officers, the abbot’s retreat was at length discovered. A party of fourteen persons, among whom were some of his own coun- trymen, induced by the promised reward, undertook to apprehend him. Having arrived at his place of concealment, they entered his dwelling in the night time ; but none of them being acquainted with his person, they resorted to an experi- ment, by which they were assured they would immediately identify him. This was, by his amending an expression which is often used in Irish, viz., when one is desired to light a candle, the phrase some- times employed is lar a pollar, lite- rally, “light the light.” This he was invariably in the habit of correcting, by saying, b’redpp lar a’ coineal, “ bet- ter say, light the candle.” One of the party having used the phrase, and the expected correction having followed, no doubt remained of his identity. He was instantly seized, and they only await- ed the morning to return with their prisoner. | In this dilemma, the abbot promptly determined on a bold expedient. He in- formed his pursuers, that he had con- siderable treasure concealed in the unin- habited island of Cruaghnakeely, which he pointed out at an apparently short dis- His tance from the shore; and requested them to accompany him thither, in order to bring away the treasure, and that he would then quietly submit to his fate. Sure of his person, and anxious to secure the expected prize, they readily consented to his pro- posal. When they reached the island, he directed one of the men to step on the rock, which formed its only landing-place, and to lay hold of a rope which was at- tached to the bow of the boat. This done, he placed himself at the bow, and with a setting-pole kept the boat steady, until all were safely landed. Then, slipping the rope, and giving a sudden shove, the place being deep too, he was quickly out of reach, and directed his course back, leaving the entire party on this desolate island, where, being destitute of food and shelter, they all miserably perished. In course of time, the monuments before al- luded to were raised over their remains. The abbot lived for many years after in Iar-Connaught. His brother’s family ac- quired large possessions there, and, among others, the great tract of land called after them, Littermore O'Donnell, in the barony of Moycullen ; which descended to Edmond M‘Rory, great-grandfather of the Right Rev. Lawrence O’Donnell, the present R.C. Bishop of Galway. These possessions were confiscated in the seventeenth cen- tury, and granted, under the Act of Set- 104 Ilis memory is celebrated in that parish of Moyras the 3rd of Fe- bruary. Coclann and Cailin are different saints’ names. Of each side of this island, is a shiproad to Blackford and Round- stone’ havens; and another small island, called Olena Cruagh*, stands between it and the continent, on the north. Inisnee island, con- taining three cartrons of land, lyes in the mouth of Owanmore river, and divides the haven into Round-stone haven on the west side, and Blackford haven on the east side thereof. This island hath a chappell dedicated to St. Mathias, and another place in memory of St. Brendan. In the midle of the island there is a poole of freshwater. On the east side of it, the river of Owanmore is exonerated into Blackford haven. This river springs from Balynahinsy lake, two miles from the sea. It is shallow and full of wares and stones, from the lake down, for a mile, to Wine Island; on which island is a tlement, to a Sir Thomas Meredith; by whom they were assigned to Captain Richard Martin, of Dangan, in whose fa- mily they still continue. This is one of the numerous traditional stories current in Iur-Connaught ; and, su far as it has been tested by existing records, it has been found correct—See Arehdall’s Wo- naat, I. 931. f Round-stone. — In Trish, Cuan na cloice punca, A pier and haven were built here by the Fishery Board. At the former, there are four feet at low water, and spring tides rise eighteen feet. —Seu Lewis's Topogr. Dict. vol. ii, p. 406, Here Mr. Nimmo (see ante, po got. *) Juid the foundation of a parish Moyrus. town, to which he was induced by the situation and excellence of the harbour. salmon In A.D. 1841 it contained seventy-three houses, with a population of 396 persons. —Cenaus of Ireland, p. 374. * Olena Cruagh.— Sometimes called Oileán na g-cpuac, the island of the stacks or ricks, from its appearance at a The island of Inixnee, Ip nige, is bounded on the south and west by Round-stone bay ; and on the north and east by Birtirbuy (Ber- trach buidhe) Bay, formerly Blackford Haven. On the 7th Feb. A. D. 1610, the “river and fishing of Owanmore,” abainn distance in the ocean. mon, were granted to * Morrogh ne moyer O'Flaherty of Bonowen, gent.” — Rot. Pat. This grantee was father of Sir Morogh The Qwuanmore is now sometimes called the Ballinahinch river. na Mart, mentioned p. 83, note |, 105 salmon fishing", worth £30 a year. On this island experience was made how the salmon hath still recourse from the sea to its first offspring; for here, eighteen salmons were marked, with a finn cut of each of them at their going to the sea, and seaventeen of them were taken next season, in the same place, coming back. The sea flows up to Wine Island, on every tide, from each side of Inisnee. On the west side of the river, by the sea shore, stood the abbey of Tombeola’ of St. Dominick’s order. In our own memory, eighteen porcupices b Salmon fishing.—This fishery is now 1427, according to De Burgo, in Hib. rented at £500 a year. The fish is pre- Dominicana, p. 309, the abbey “ of St: pared for exportation, by cutting it in Dominick’s order” was founded at Tom- pieces of 2lbs. each, which are hermeti- óeo/a by the O’Flaherties. Of this foun- cally sealed in tin cases. In this state, dation, John O’Heyn, for whom see Har- it is asserted that it will keep fresh fora —ris's Ware, vol. ii. p. 295, writes as follows: considerable period, evenforsomehundreds ‘In eodem Comitatu Galviensi fuit Con- of years! A late tourist, Mr. Inglis,eaysthat ventus noster in Baronia de Ballynehensi Jar-Connaught is “a country of salmon; fundatus, et erectus a Domino O’ Flaherty, every inlet and river is full of them.” Dynasta antiquo istius Baronie usque ad Wine Island is situated in the river of Usurpatorem Cromuellum, per quem ex- Ballynahinch. utus est totá Hereditate sua. Erant or- ' Abbey of Tombeola.—In Irish, Cuam dinarié in isto Conventu, vocato Tombeo- Seola, Tumulus Beolai. This name is Jlomme, Octo Religiosi, sed ab Initio Regni supposed to be derived from some “great Elizabethe nullus fuit Incola, et Muros man,” or “giant,” named Beola, who for- omnes, et tpsam Ecclesiam abstulerunt merly ruled over these western regions, ad sdificandum Castellum in Vicinia.” and was here interred. But there is no —kEpilogus, p. 37. The castle here al- trace at present remaining of any such luded to, as having been built of the tomb, or place of interment. We know stones of the ruined abbey of Tombeola, from history, that several of the Firbolg was situate on the small island in the lake chieftains, about the commencement of of Ballynahinch, afterwards mentioned by the Christian era, gave names to several our author. For an account of the abbey places in these western parts. See Mac of Tombeola, see Hib. Dom. ut supra. Its Firbis’s account of those colonists, before situation is now pointed out by a small referred to, p. 18, note4. About A.D. building like a chapel, said to have been IRISH ARCH. SOC. NO. IS. P 106 porcupices that were in pursuit of the salmon fish, were taken near Tombeola. The seale goes up all along to the lake of Balynahinsy, to fish on salmons. This lake, from which the barony is named, hath two islands on it. On the lesser of them is a castle’ built of the stones of Tombeola Abbey; as also a hallowed monument of St Fechin; to whom there is a well dedicated at Cara-more, where the river parts with the lake. On the north-west of Balynahinsy, are the twelve high moun- taines of Bennabeola*, called by marnners the twelve stakes, being erected by some gentlemen of the country, in order to commemorate the existence of the abbey. The site of the Carmelite friary at Ballynahinch, founded, according to Ware, by the O’Flaherties, in A.D. It is alluded to by De Burgo, as near Tombeola, See Archdall for this friary, in Monast. p. 1356, is now unknown. 276, where he erroneously asserts that the barony of Ballynahinch was called after a village of the name, although no such village ever existed. 1 A castle.—This is the castle alluded to in the last note, as having been built of the stones of Tombeola abbey, on a small island (said to be partly artificial), towards the western side of Ballynahinch lake. thirty feet in length and twenty-five in It is a smal] square tower, about breadth. The island will be found men- tioned again in the historical account of the O'Flaherties, contained in the Appen- dix hereto, at A.D. 1584 St. Fechin’s well, above alluded to, may still be seen. This celebrated saint died the A. D. 664. He was anciently much re- vered in lar-Connaught, where his memory is still celebrated; and many holy wells, and other “hallowed” remains of anti- quity, yet bear his name. See Bollandus and Colgan, at Jan. 20, for three several lives of St. Fechin; and our author's ac- count of the island of Imay (or Omey), which follows in this treatise, for further particulars of that ancient saint. k Mountaines of Bennabeda.—Oeanna Seola. These remarkable mountains are now known in English by the name of the * Twelve Pins,” the latter word being a corruption of bins or bens (beanna), which is still correctly preserved in Scotland, as Ben Lomond, Benevis, &c. and in other parts of Ireland, as Benburb, Binbolbin, &e. They are named from the supposed “giant” Beola, mentioned in the last note), and certainly tend to give an exalted ides of that personage, whoever he may have been. The name Bindowglasa, above stated as that of the highest of the range, is now furgotten, and the name of Binlettery used 107 the first land they discover as they come from the maine. Bindow- glass is the highest of them, and, next the lake, is two miles high; and hath standing water on the top of it, wherein they say if any washeth his head, he becomes hoare. was kept the fair of Bonowan' mannor. At the foot of it, by the lake, At Balynahinsy, Owan- tuidhe and Sraith-Salagh rivers, after they meet in one channell, pay in its place. The mountain next the lake is not, however, the highest of the Pins, for according to the Ordnance Survey, BenCorr and Ben Bawn exceed it in height by seve- ral hundred feet. The standing water men- tiond by our author, which maketh the head hoar, is here called a dudlaun, ballan, a bowl, and is deposited in a rock, on the top of Binlettery, which identifies it with the Bindowglass of O’Flaherty. Among the wonderful wells in Ireland mentioned by Cambrensis, there was one in Munster which produced the same effect: “ Est fons in Momonia cujus aquis si quis ab- luitur statim canus efficitur.” The well at Gabhal Liuin, in Oriel, now Galloon, in Fermanagh, is stated in the “ Wonders of Treland,” in the Book of Ballymote, fol. 140, ó, a, to have had the same property; but Keating, in the preface to his History, denies the existence of any such fountains in his time, and rather unfairly says, that Cambrensis introduced them to give a colour to his other falsehoods, “ Man sacizads amp a Bpéasuib.” Gratianus Lucius, p. 8, argues the case more learn- edly, and in the end agrees with Keating. But it is evident from the instances here their given, that such tales were current, and that Cambrensis did not invent them. 1 Fair of Bonowan mannor.—On the 15th February, A. D. 1610, license “ to hold a Wednesday market, and a fair on Whit- sun Monday and the day after, at Bonowen,” was granted to “ Morrogh ne Moyer O'Flaherty of Bonowen, gent.;” to hold the same, among other possessions then granted, for ever.—Rot. Pat. For a fur- ther grant of the manor, with an additional fair and market here, to the same indivi- dual, see note ™ immediately following. The rivers above named are now called Abhainn Tuaidhe, Anglicé, Owentuee, and Srath Salach. The name Innish leth dhuine. Imp liaé Suine, which means, the Island of the grey Man, mentioned above, is at present forgotten. The island alluded to is now called Imp Ceacainn, or Shelving Island. It lies in Round-stone Bay, at the south end of the parish of Moyrus. Irrosbeg.—Now corruptly called Urrisbeg, is the name of two townlands in the south-west part of thesame parish. Port na Fedoigge.— Pope na Feavoige, the Harbour of the grey Plover. P2 108 their tribute to this lake; and in recompence receive the benefit of its salmons to spawn on them. Upon the common channell of these two rivers, pearles are found in their musles. | Westward of Inisnee and Round-stone haven, is Inisleth-dhuine, i small island which leads to Irrosbeg haven, called Portnafedoigge ; over which is Irrosbeg hill, the second place discovered by marriners coming from sea, on the top of which is a poole where trouts breed. Three miles from Irrosbeg is the castle and mannor of Bonnowan" in Irrosmore. Westward of the castle is Knock a duin hill, the third land-mark diseryed by such as saile from the main. On the ™ Castle and mannor of Bonnowan.— The castle of Bunowen, Le. the Castle of the River’s Mouth, was an extensive for- tress Which belonged to a powerful branch of the western O’Flaherties. teenth century, it was the residence of Donell an Chogaidk O'Flaherty, whose In the six- warlike character is sufhiciently indicated by his agnomen. In the composition entered into with Queen Elizabeth, A. D. 1585, it was provided, that this Donell’s two sons, Owen and Morogh, should, * for their better maintenance of living, have, hy letters patents, the castle of Bonowne, and the six quarters of land next ad- joing the same, as a free demayne.” — See this composition in the Appendix. Owen, the elder, was soon after slain, and Morogh, the younger, afterwards called Morogh na Maor (of the atewarda) succeeded to the entire territory. On the 25th January, .A. D. 1618, King James L, by letters patent, granted tu him, east by the name Morogh na Moore O'Flaherty of Bunowen, Esq., the castle of Bunowen, with numerous lands in the barony of Ballinahinch, and thereby created the manor of Bonowen, to contain 1300 acres in demesne ; gave a power to create te nures; huld courts leet and baron; a Mon- day market at Bunowen, and a fair there on St. Lawrence's day and the day fol- lowing; “with a court of Prepowder, and the usual tolls.°’— Rot, Pat. 15 Jac L P: + Morogh na Moyre (for so he himself wrote his name) died A.D. 1626. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir Morogh na Mart (sce p. 83, note ', anfe), who died A. 1). 1666, in a state of poverty, his vast possessions having been all confiscated by the Crown. On the rgth May, 1678, his principal residence, the castle of Bunowen, und the adjoining lunds, were granted to Giles and Edmond Geoghegan, the widow und second son of Art Geoghegan of 109 east side the hill is a harbour for shiping, and the parish church just by, at the hill’s foot. There is an old fortress of a down on the top of the hill, which gives name to Balyndown, Balyndown haven, Balyn- down parish. St. Flannan’, of the noble Tuamonian bloud, conse- crated by Pope John the Fourth, Anno 640, first bishiop of Killaloe, is patron of this parish; and therein his festival day kept, the 18th December. On the west side of the hill is a well in memory of the seaven daughters. About two miles hence, is Kennlemy or the cape of Slimhead, the furthest into the sea and most western point in those parts. Here a great whale was cast in, the last day of December, 1650; and another about forty years before. Westward of this point is Olen-lacan’, or Duck Island, where there Castletown, in the county of Meath, Esq., in leu of their forfeited estates in Lein- ster.—See Rot. Pat.29°. Car. II. 3.p. f.r. 4. In this castle the Mageoghegan family resided, until the early part of the last century, about which time the occupiers of the old Irish castles began to erect more commodious habitations. The then proprietor of Bunowen built a handsome residence near the foot of the hill of Doon, Cnoc a Odin, mentioned above; and the castle, thus abandoned, speedily went to ruin; but its massive walls remained in tolerable preservation till a few years since, when they were altogether pulled down by the present proprietor, John Augustus O'Neill, Esq., to obtain mate- rials for enlarging the mansion-house of Bunowen. This respectable gentleman is the present head of the Mageoghegans of Ireland. For further particulars of his 1s branch of that race, see the Additional Notes. " St. Flannan.—Patron of this parish of Ballindoon, Oaile an Oúin, the town- land of the dun or fort. In addition to the notices above given of this saint, see Colgan’s Acta SS. p. 184; Ware’s Antigq. and Bishops; and Lanigan’s Eccl. History, c. xix. Gili. The well of the seven daugh- ters is still to be seen on the west side of the hill of Doon. It is called in Irish, Coban na peace n-ingean, or na peace m-ban-naom; the well of the seven daughters, or the seven female saints. For Kennlemy, or Slime-head, mentioned above, see p. 6, note*, ante. This head- land is universally called Ceann Céime (i.e. Leap Head, or the Head of the Leap) by the natives of Iar-Connaught. ° Olen-lacan. — Now called Inir Ca- can, or Duck Island. It lies in the 110 is a chappell and well of St. Cailin, bishiop, disciple of St. Benign, and of the antient Conmacny family, who is worshipped in his abbey of Fidhnac, in Conmacny-rein [Fenagh, in the County Leitrim] the 13th of November. There is another miraculous well of St. Cailin, in the continent of Slimhead, on a little height within a stone, which never overflows the stone nor becomes drye. | Beyond Duck Island is Olenimioll’, or Bordering Island, as being ocean, opposite the townland of Ballyna- leame, of which it forms a part. The ruins of the chapel of St. Caillin are still to be seen here; and near them is the holy well mentioned above. On this wild point of Ballynaleame, there lived for many years, a valued friend and relative of the Editor, the late Robert Coneys, Exq., whose stormy habitation may be seen marked on Larkin’s large and small mups of the county of Galway. This gentleman held all Ballinaleame, includ- ing Duck Island, at twenty shillings yearly rent. Betore the erection of the light-houses at “Slyne™ head, in A.D. 1836, he saved many lives from shipwreck, and his hu- manity was often rewarded by * wind- falls,” as flofeam and jefaam are familiarly termed in Conamara : but these * wind- falls” have considerably decreased since the erection of light-houses on the coast. To sickness he and his family were stran- gers. lle used to boast that a doctor was never known to visit Slime-head; and he considered it a bad omen, when one of the faculty settled so near as Newtown- Clitden, though several miles distant. the The “well of St. Cailin,” mentioned above, is on the townland of Keeraun- more. It is one of those deposits of rain- water called bullauns (see ante note*, p.107), of which there are several in these islands; und, as in the present instance, it is con- fidently believed they can never run dry, although the contrary has been frequently witnessed. P Qenimioll.—in Irish, Oileán Imill, the Border Island. Llere are situate the two light-houses of “Slyne” head, Mr. Nimmo, in his Piloting Directions, ob- serves that, "a light-house might be placed on the Skird rocks, which would serve as a guide into the harbours of Round-stone, Birturbuy, Casheen, and Kilkerran, the only good harbours for great ships between the Shannon and Lough Swilly.”—p. 178. On the adjacent island of Len na bhfal, i.e. the Dun of the walls or inclosures, are the ruins of a Firbolzic Caher, smaller than Dun Aengus in Aran, but apparently as old. There are also the remains of ancient Claghauna, or stone-roofed houses, similar to those there described.—Sce ante, p. 81, note f 11I the outmost, border of the west. of seales in their due season. Here they use to have a slaughter Northward of Slimhead, towards the east, is Manin Bay, over which is Knocktuaskert towards Slimhead. In the same bay is Irrosflannan Point, and Ardberra haven‘; wherein is an oyster bank; Manin Bay.—In Irish, Cuan Manaimne, is still so called. It is said to have been named after Manannan Mac Lir; for whom see p. 20, note". Irrosflannan, mentioned above, is now incorrectly called Urrislannaun.—See Irrosbeg, note !, p. 107, ante. VArdberra haven.—In Irish, Cuan Ciino- béana. Here resided, during the last cen- tury, the elder branch of the respectable family of Coneys, now so numerous in this district. Tradition relates, that the first of the name that settled here, was Thomas Coneys, who came to Ireland with his two uncles, who were officers in Cromwell’s army; and that he was stationed at Innis- bofin. This may be, but I find the name O’Coney among the Irish families enu- merated in the collections of Doctor Ray- mond, formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; and which are now preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy. The first who settled in Iar-Connaught was Thomas Coney ; who, on 21st August, 1677, obtained a “‘transplanter’s certifi- cate for a grant to him and his heirs for ever, of the lands of Towerskehin, Lough- ana, and Crosslehaine, in Ballinahinch barony: saving to Hugh King, ‘ an inno- and cent,’ all his rights thereto.”—Roll iii. memb. 101, Chief Remembrancer’s Office, Dublin. This Thomas (who appears to have afterwards added an s to his name) was sheriff of Galway, A. D. 1694.—See Hist. of that town, p. 221. From him descended Matthew Coneys of Ardbear, a near relative of the Editor; and an indi- vidual who, through a long life, bore the character of an upright magistrate and an honest man. He died at a venerable age, in A.D. 1806. His eldest son resided at Slimehead. See ante, p. 110, note 9. Belathnabay.— béal Géa na bide, now called Ballinaboy. A monthly market held here from time immemorial, has been lately removed to the town of Clifden. The ruins of St. Flannan’s church, Cill Flanndinn, may be seen in the townland of Kill (which townland should properly be called Kilflannan), on the north of Ballindoon parish; and near it a holy well dedicated to the saint. See ante, p. 109, note"; and Martin’s account of the Flannan Islands in the West of Scotland, which are said to be called after St. Flan- nan.—Description, p. 17. This church ‘“admits no buriall,” 1. e. bodies are not interred within it; and it is firmly be- 112 and the salmon fish comes on Belathnabay River. In Irrosflannan is Saint Flanan’s church, which they say was the parish church antiently. This church admits no burial within the walls of it. Owanglinn river falling from the mountaines of Bennabcola into Ardberra haven, divides the north half barony from the south. Between Inistuirk and Imay islands‘, an arm of the sea runs up lieved, that should any person be so inter- red, the body would be found over ground the next day. See Martin’s Description, p- 49, fora similar belicf in the isle of Taransay ; and for the mode by which the natives there were “ delivered from this unreasonable fancy.” The Owanglin river mentioned above, is that which flows under the bridge of Clifden. © Inistuirk and Imay talauds.—There are other small islands here, the chief of which ix called Tarbert ; but the most remark- able of the group is Zimay, called in Irish, lommsd, or lomaid Féicin, now anglicised Here the celebrated St. Fechin, patron of Fore in Westmeath, founded a ( Imey. monastery in the seventh century, as re- lated in the supplement to his Life, ch. xxii. in Colzan’s Acta SS. 138. [It is said that the last pagans in Ireland were found by St, For those whom Cambrensis afterwards described as Fechin in this island of Omey. *homines nudi, gul non seiverunt nisi earnes et pisces; ui non fuerunt Chris- tianl, nee audiverunt unquam de Christo,” For more of this island, and of the tract of Bal- see Gratianua Lucina this, p. 38. by lymac-Conry, and the castle of ‘“ Down,” mentioned above, see the Additional Notes. On a part of that tract, called Cloughan, Clocan, stands the new town of that name, fashionably anglicized Clifden. In A.D. 1809, there was only one house here, built by Walter Coneys, Esq.; but in A.D. 1841, there were, according to the Census that year taken, 182 houses and 1509 in- habitants. The ruins of the church of Athdearg, in Irish, Ceampull Gea oeing, or the Church of the red Ford, lie west ofa mountain stream of a reddish colour, which flows into that inlet of the ocean now called Streamstown Bay, north-east of * Ballymac-Conry.” In this district there lately lived a ne- glected poetical genius, whose name was Michael Mac Sweeny, who, though held in high repute by his countrymen, was suffer- ed to die in poverty; but this, it is said, often occurs in half-civilized communi- ties, where pride and ignorance are ge- By the English-speak- ing portion of the people, Mac Sweeny was called the * Bard of the West.” He eumposed, in his native language, several nerally prevalent. 113 by Balymac-conroy, to the castle of Down, where there is a harbour for shipping. The church of Athdearg near that castle, they say, was in antient time the parish church of this parish; but now the parish church is at Imay. The island of Imay lyes in the sea, so as on low water it can be entered dry foot. Within it there is a poole of standing water, and the soil is plain and champain. St. Fechin erected an abbey therein, but now the parish church is only extant; whereof St. Fechin is patron, the 20th of January worshiped, whose well is here visited, which of late proves very miraculous for restoring of health. St. Fechin, abbot, native of Lugny [Leyny] in the county of Sligoe, and of the same house of Fothart with St. Bridget of Kil- dare, was founder of severall abbeys; the chiefest of which are Fovar in Meath, Easdara in Sligoe county, and Cong. From Esdara he came to Imay; and his memory is kept in several places of this countrey. He dyed of the plague’, which, Anno 664, began in Ire- land, the 20th of January after. poems and songs of considerable merit; which have become such favourites, that there are but few of the Irish-speaking natives, who cannot repeat some of them from memory. Many of these have been collected by the Editor; and if space shall permit, one or more of the most popular will be inserted in the Additional Notes, as a specimen of modern Irish versifica- tion, and of those compositions which af- ford so much social pleasure to the good people of Iar-Connaught. * The plague.—This memorable pesti- lence was called buióe Chonnaill, yellow plague of Connell. Connall is supposed to have been the name of some distinguished man who died of it, for which see the Four IRISH ARCH. SOC. IS. In Masters, A.D. 664. For the particulars above related of St. Fechin, see Colgan’s Acta SS. p. 1303 also Ussher’s Primord., p- 966, where by a singular error (first corrected by Mr. O’Donovan) he con- founds Fabup, the name of the ancient town of Fore, in Westmeath, with Ceaban, the Irish name for a book! “ Eum vulgó Feicim Fabain Fechinum Fovere vel Fou- rie appellant: ab habitationis loco, quem Latiné Favoriam, Hibernicé balle-leab- ain, quasi Keriath-Sepher (Josu. 15. 15. Judic. 1. 11) aut Urbem librorum dixeris appellatum invenio.” Doctor O’Conor, Annal. Ulton. p. 56, n. (3), and Tig. 205, n. (68) ; Doctor Lanigan, Eccl. Hist. ch. xviii, n. (148); and Archdall, Monast. 114 In the Western Ocean beyond Imay three smaller islands ap- pear, viz., Cruagh-ar-ni-may, called by Sir James Ware “ Insula cu- niculorum,” for its store of rabbets ( Ware, Ant. Hib. cap. 28, p. 287). It is a bane to dogs‘, which dye on the spot or soon after coming out. The next is Olen-ambrahar, or the Fryar’s Island. The furthest of is Ardolen’, the High Island (Colgan, ao Jan. p. 135, p. 711, following Ussher, have perpetuated the mistake. © A bane to dogs.—This is not the case at present. The island is now called Crua (Cruach) Island, and is still remarkable “for its store of rabbets.”” North of it is ** Fryar’s Island.” Both are uninhabited, but afford good pasturage. u Ardolen. —CUpo Oilean, i.e. High Island. This is the most remarkable island of the group mentioned above. It lies a short distance west of Friar’s Isle, and like it is uninhabited, and dithcult of access. Here the celebrated St. Fechin (for whom see ante, p. 113) founded a monastery, formerly in great repute. A considerable portion of its ruins still re- inains, and several ancient stone crosses ure erected around ther. “There are also here some of those old stone houses or cells called Cloghans, for which see ante, p. 82, note!. The Four Masters record, that in A. D. 1017, Gormgal, Pronk Anm- chara, or, a> he is called by Colgan, Archisi- nedrus, or principal futher contessor of all Ireland, died in Ard-ailen. “The seeond lite of St. Fechin, Colgan, p. 135, ch. xxii. states, that after the saint finished the cap. monastery of Imaidh (Omey), he founded another in Ard-oilen. On this Colgan, p. 141, has a note (13), thus translated : " This island is also in the ocean, and is distant a few leagues towards the West from Jmmagia (Omey) and after St. Fe- chin, St. Gormgal, a man of celebrated sanctity, who died in the year 1017, on the 5th day of August (on which day, according to Marianus, his birth-day is observed), ennobled it very much by his anachoretic habits, and most exact life. The elegant and very pious poem of blessed Corranus, who flourished at the same time, concerning his praises and relics, is extant in my possession.” In the Appendix to the Life of St. Endeus, ch. vil. p. 715, Colgan, speaking of the third island of Aran, which he mis- takes for Ardolen, sve ante, p. 91, note t, gives, from Corranus, the names of the following holy men, who, with St. Gorm- gal, were interred in Ardolen, viz. : " Mel- suthunius, Celecharius, Dubthacus, Du- nadach, Ccllachus, Tressachus, Ultanus, Maelmartinus, Coromacchus, Conma- chus.” Archdall, in Monast. p. 272, has copied Colgan respecting Ardvilen; and, 115 cap. 22), antiently called Innis-hiarthuir, i.e. the West Island. It is unaccessible but on calm settled weather, and so steep that it is hard after landing in it to climb to the top; where there is a well called Brian Boramy (King of Ireland) his well, and a standing water, on the brook whereof was a mill. There is extant a chappel and a large round wall, as also that kind of stone building called Cloghan. Therein yearly an ayrie of hawkes" is found. Here St. Fechin founded an abbey, as he did at Imay. It is alsoe celebrated for the heremiticall retirement of Saint Gormgal, a very spirituall person, and of renowned sanctity, who dyed the sth of August, Anno 1017; and was there interred, together with diverse other holy hermits that lived with him. Ten of them are named by father Colganus, out of an antient poem in his praise, extant (Colg. 21 Mar. cap. 7, et Vit. S. Endei, p.715, ad finem.) Northward of Ardolen are Inis-ark and Bofin Isles”, of this therefore, all he says of it, except what relates to St.Gormgal, iserroneous. Doctor Lanigan himself, the great corrector of Archdall and Ledwich, has erred on this very point, by following and even defend- ing Colgan.—Eccl. Hist. chap. xvii. n. 137, et seq. v Hawkes.—Ireland was anciently cele- brated for producing these noble birds. See Harris’s Ware, Antiquit. chap. xxii. Carve, in his Lyra, Sultzbaci, 1666, 4to. (before referred to, p. 67, note*), thus writes of Robert Barry, one of the early Anglo- Norman adventurers, and ancestor of the earls of Barrymore: “ Fuit hic primus, qui accipitres in Hibernia cicuravit, atque venandi, seu accipitrandi usui assuefecit, unde primordialis accipitrarius in Hiber- countrey nia extitit.”——p. 47. But this statement cannot be depended on. It comes un- supported by any authority; and we know that Carve’s Lyra abounds with mistakes. W Inis-ark and Bofin isles.—On the island of Inis-ark are the ruins of an an- cient church called Teampull Leo, and near it a stone cross, Leac Leo. On the south shore there is a cave called Vaimh Leo, where the saint is said to have passed much of his time in prayer and medita- tion; and in it is a well dedicated to him. There is also shewn a ruin called Cloghan Leo, in which he is said to have dwelt. The bell mentioned above, as having been preserved there in the time of our author, has long since disappeared. Bofin.—In Q2 116 countrey of Conmacny-mara in old times as the same father Colgan notes (S. Endei Vit. p..715 ad finem), tho’ this countrey [is] not part of Irrosdownan, as he guesseth (Zdem, 1° Mar. p. 437, num. 3), but for three hundred years now belonging to the Owles; which there- fore I omit, only that Inisark is of the same property with Bofin, Irish, Imp bo Finne, the Island of the White Cow. ten Bophin; in which form, it gave the title of baron (created by James II.) to John, the ninth earl of Clanricarde. This island is celebrated in ancient and modern Irish history. Venerable Bede relates, that in A.D. 667, St. Colman founded a monastery here: * Deinde se- It has been sometimes writ- cessit ad insulam quandam parvain, que ad occidentale plagam ab Hibernia pro- cul seereta, sermone Scotico Inishofinde, id est, ‘Insula Vitula Alba” nuncupatur. In han: ergo perveniens construxit mo- nasterium, et monachos imibi, quos de utraque natione colleetos adduxerat, col- locavit.” — Fiat. Feel. lib iv. ca. On this Ussher pertinently observes > Eam in hodierna Scotia frustra querit Demp- sterus: quum, é regione Maionensts litoris in Connacia positam nomen adhue inte- erum retinere, compertum habeamus,”"— Primord, )- R25. the Four Masters, ad aun. 667, 674, 711, Soy, 8gk; and our author's Quy. p. 232. From the seventh century to the seven- teenth, this island was litthe Known bee yond the neighbouring shores” of Tar- Connaught and Umball ní Miaille ; but See also the Annals of and during the latter eventful century, it was considered of importance by the then contending parties in Ireland, and was alternately fortified by them. On this island, which is now generally called In- nisbofin, the following remains of anti- quity may still be seen. In Knock town- land, the ruins of St. Colman’s church, built as already mentioned, in A. D. 667. Near it, a holy well called Tobur Flannain. In the townland of Middle-quarter, is the site of a dwelling called Ait tighe Guairim. This Guairim is said to have been coteme porary with St. Colman. Jun Graine, the site of a castle said to have been built by the celebrated heroine Grana Weale. An earthen dun called Dun-mor, in the town- land of West-quarter. The remains of the fortress repaired in the time of Crom- well. Loch be finne, or the Luke of the White Cow, lies between the tuwnlands The natives tell that the enchanted white cow, trom which the island takes its name, is frequently seen emerging from this lake. North of Innisbotin lie the island of Inisturk (Imp Cuipe) and Cahir island, which have been omitted by our author, as " belunging to the Oreles.” [In the for- of West-quarter and Faunmore. 117 and the saint therein worshipped, St. Leo; of whose reliques is a bell there extant. And that St. Colman, third Irish bishiop of Lan- disfarn in England, (and native of Connaught, as father Colgan gathers) (7'r. Thaum. p. 382, num. 16), arrived at Bofin, Anno D. 668 (Usser. De Primord.), and there founded an abbey (Usser. loco mer are the ruins of an old church dedi- cated to St. Columbkille, and the site of an ancient dun, or earthen fort. The family of O’Toole is said to be in posses- sion of this island for many centuries. They are a branch of the O’Malleys, and different from their namesakes of Omey island in Conamara, who are of Leinster origin, and for whom see the Additional Notes. Cahir island lies east of Innisturk, and is called in Irish, Oilean na Cathrach (i. e. the Island of the Cahir, or Stone fort), or Cathair na Naomh (Cathair of the Saints), and sometimes, Cathair Phadruig. Here is a small ancient church, in the primitive Irish style, called by some, Teampull na neeve (na ncom), and by others Templepatrick. Near its east gable on the outside, is a flag inscribed with a cross, and called Leaba Phadruig, or the bed of Patrick. On the altar with- in the church is laid a remarkable slab called Ceac na naom, about two feet in diameter, and composed of different kinds of stones, which is said to be possessed of great virtues. Boats passing this island lower the main-sail thrice, out of reve- rence to the saints whose memories are here celebrated; as is done at Mac Dara’s citato ; island, for which see ante, p. 97, note ", The “ Owles,”? mentioned above, was a term used by English writers to Anglicize Umhall, the ancient territory of the O’Mal- leys, in the west of Ireland, which was generally called Umhall Ui Mhaille. This territory comprised the two districts now forming the baronies of Murrisk and Burrishoole, in the County of Mayo, which were named the two Umhalls; the former called Umhall uachtrach, or the upper; and the latter, Umhall iochtrach, or the lower; and hence the plural “ Owles,” from an approximation of sound, was used to de- signate both. Our neighbours were not more successful in Latinizing this Irish name by the word “pomum.” Thus, “ O'Mayll, de Pomo, chief Captaine of his nation.” — State Papers, vol. ii. part iii. p: 4, A.D. 1515, would be read by a fo- reigner, “ O’Mayli of the Apple.” This also arose from a similarity of sound in the pronunciation of Umhall the territory, and uwbhall, an apple. Much original and curious information might here be intro- duced respecting this old district and its former proprietors; but as it would be irrelevant in the present treatise, it must be reserved for some future opportunity. 118 citato; and Eccles. Britt. p.964; V. Bed. Histor. Eccl. lib. 4, cap. 4), dyed the 8th of August, 676. Within Ardolen, Inisark, and Bofin isles, is Blackrock haven", whereby the continent of Cloggin there is pilchard fishing, and an ayric of hawkes. There was a weekly market at Cloggin belonging to the manor of Bonowan. In the same bay lyes Dowras [haven’, and the salmon fishing of Dowras], on which pearle breeding muscles were found. By this haven of Dowras stands the parish church of Ballynakill*, whose patron, St. Kennanack, is worshipped the [12th] of * Blackrock haven,—Cloggin.—The name Blackrock is not known at present. The inlet of the ocean here is now called “ Cleggan bay.” Nimmo in his Piloting Directions, says : “ The access to Cleggan bay is easy, the ground clean and good, and the shelter tolerable, having sufficient depth for any ship.’—p. 180. The * Ayrie of Hawkes” formerly here (see ante, p, 66, note *), was long preserved with great care, but its place is now unknown. Near the head of this bay is situate Cleggan- house, built by Robert Martin in A.D. 1740, as appears by an inscription over the entrance. This Robert Martin was charged with having murdered, in Gralway, Lieutenant Henry Jolly, an officer in General Dormer’s regiment of foot; for which he was tried at Dublin, in A.D. 1735, and acquitted, An extract from the only copy of this curious trial, sup- posed to be extant, will be found in the Additional Notes. ¥ Powraa haren.—In Irish, Oampoy, or Cuan Oampuip. Now the harbuur of March, Ballinakill, which Mr. Nimmo describes “as well sheltered, the bottom good, and the water deep.”——Puloting Directions, p. 181. The words within brackets are in O’Flaherty’s autograph copy, now in the possession of Sir Thomas Philipps, Bart. * Parish church of Ballynakill. — The ruins of this ancient church lie at the foot of the hill of Cartron, about two miles north of the village of Cleggan. It isde- dicated to St. Ceannanach, whose well, enclosed by a circular wall, is situate about a furlong east of the church. The east gable of the church is of great antiquity; but there is a modern chapel at the west end, built, according to tradition, by Ed- inond Laidir, or the strong, O'Flaherty, who is interred in it. A.D. 1709, appears inscribed on this chapel. The parish of Ballinakill (Gaile na cille, the bally or townland of the church), forms the north part of the barony of Ballinahinch. It is bounded, north, by that arm of the sea an- ciently called Ceol parte puad, now the Killary; east, by the barony of Ross, or 119 March, likely the same with St. Kennanack in the midle island of Aran. There are sixteen oyster banks on this haven, near Ballynakill. North-east of Dawras haven is the bay and narrow streight of Coelshaly Roe, stretching into the lands between this barony, the Owles, and Joyce Countrey; in which bay is Rynnmoyle* castle and Joyce country; south, by the parishes of Moyrus and Omey; and west, by the At- lantic Ocean. St. Kennanach (Ceannannach, Ceann- Flonnac) the patron saint of Ballynakill, is known in the parish by the name of “ Gregory,” which is said to have been his original name. See p. 80, note °, for an account of his church in the middle island of Aran; which is considered one of the most ancient and perfect of all the ecclesiastical remains in those islands. From him it is supposed that Gregory’s Sound, the passage between that island and Aranmore, has been called. The tra- dition still preserved in the parish of Ballynakill is, that St. Ceannanach was one of the earliest preachers of Christi- anity in those western parts; and that he was taken, by order of a pagan tyrant who ruled here, and beheaded near the eastern extremity of the present village of Cleg- gan. A heap of stones is still pointed out, as g monument said to have been erected on the spot where he suffered. * Rynnmoyle.—In Irish, Rinn Mhil. This point or headland lies opposite In- nisbofin, and it was so called according to Mac Firbis, in his account of the Fir- bolgs, from Mi, one of the leaders of Blacksod those ancient colonists, who settled here about the first century of Christianity. Other places on the western coast were also named after this fí, as Muirbheach Mhil, now Kill-Murvy, in the great island of Aran ; and Rinn Mhi, now Rinvile, both at the eastern extremity of the bay of Galway. The castle of “ Rinmoyle” (Rinvile) was erected, according to some, by the O’Flsherties, but others attribute it to the Joyces. In A.D. 1586, it was inhabited by Miles Mac Tibbot, see ante, p- 93, note ”, and in A. D. 1642, by Colo- nel Edmond O’Flaherty, of whom an in- teresting account will be found in Ap- pendix II. It is now the property of Henry Blake, Esq. Blacksod haven. — In Irish, Cuan an Fhow ouib, is now called the “ little Killary, or Salrock Harbour. Sal Roc means the tract of St. Roc, who is stated by tradition to have been a most holy man, and a worker of many miracles ; but no written account of him has yet been found. His church, which is said to have been a sanctuary in former times, is now a ruin on the south side of the bay. The seaven daughters above alluded to, are stated to have been the daughters of a British king (see ante, p. 14), Seacc I2I There is a well in memorie of St. Fechin at Mam-tuirk. At Mam-en, there springs out of a stone a litle water, named from St. Patrick, which is a present remedy against murrein in cattel, not only ap- plyed, but alsoe as soon as tis sent for they begin to have ease. Next Mam-en are the mountains of Corcoga, in the confines of Balynahynsy, Ross, and Moycullin countreys, where the fat deere‘ At Cannanagh and Gowlannall, two other wells dedicated to St. Fechin. In the townland of Kilbride, in the same barony, another ancient patrimony of the Joyces, there is a well dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, called Cobap Muipe. In the townland of Dooghty (Oubacea), in that part of the parish of Cong which runs into Iar-Connaught, there are two holy wells; one named after the Blessed Virgin, and the other after St. Fechin. Near the latter is a flag or stone called leac Feicin, by which men are put to the ordeal. © The fat deere—These were the large “red deer” ( Cervus elaphus), once so nume- rous in Ireland, and the hunting of which, for food or amusement, formed the princi- pal occupation of the early Irish. These fine animals, which have been described as “very large, fleet, and fierce,” herded for ages among the “ high mountains” of Iar- Connaught, and were plenty there when the foregoing treatise was written; but they have since become extinct. See Colgan’s Acta SS. p. 160, c. 7; p. 280, c.13; p. 306, c. 8; and Gratianus Lucius, p. 138, for notices of this large species of deer. Doctor Thomas Molyneux, the IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. 18 friend and contemporary of our author, in “ A Discourse concerning the large Horns frequently found under Ground in Ire- land,” has observed that “the red deer in those our days, is much more rare with us in Ireland, than it has been formerly, even in the memory of man:” and he truly conjectured that, “unless there be some care taken to preserve it, I believe in process of time this kind may be lost also.” He has moreover quoted “a re- markable passage in Scheffer’s Description of Lapland, from Johannes Bureus, that, sometimes a sort of disease, after the man- ner of a plague, affects the rein deer, so as they all die: ' Solet interdum rangiferos morbus quidam velut pestis invadere. Sic ut moriantur omnes.’ ?. Nat. Hist. of Ire- land, Dub. 1726, p. 143. Probably to some similar distemper may be attributed the extinction of the red deer in this part of Ireland. So late as A.D. 1752, they abounded in the barony of Erris, Mayo County. Doctor Pococke in his Travels, quoted ante, p. 72, note", states, that the mountains of Erris “ are full of red deer, which are very indifferent food, being ne. ver fat. However, the hunting of them 122 is frequently hunted; whereof no high mountain in the barony of Balynahinsy, or half barony of Rosse, is destitude. FINIS. Aprul the sth, 1684. affords good diversion to those who tra- verse the mountains on foot, but they frequently escape the dogs.”—p. 55. At a later date, A. 1). 1760, they were nu- merous among the mountains of Kerry, and ‘amazingly large and fat.”— Derrick’s Letters, p.§g. The Editor has recently heard from an old native of the barony of Ross, in lar-Connaught, that in his youth large red deer were common there; that he frequently saw them grazing among the black cattle on the hills; and par- ticularly remembers one, which was caught by the horns in a thicket, where it was found dead. ADDITIONAL NOTES. rn ee ee ee ee oe ee. 125 ADDITIONAL NOTES. NOTE A. See page 1, note’. “ West Connaught.” HE ancient divisions of Connaught, through the neglect of its history and topography, are not so generally known at the present day, as those of the other provinces of Ireland. The late Doctor O’Conor has observed, that “ there is no history of the province of Connaught, neither is there of any town or district in that most populous part of Ireland, except this unpublished chronicle (#.e. Annales Conna- cic, Hibernice, fol.) The barren Orkneys, and the wilds of Caithness, Sunderland, and Morey, can boast of their histories; while the rich plains of Roscommon, Maio, Sligo, and Galway, and their towns and capitals, are unrecorded and undescribed.””— Cat. Bib. MSS. Stowensis, vol.i. p. 73. This cannot be attributed to want of mate- rials, for there is abundance on record, if properly explored. From these it appears, that the ancient colony of the Belge, or Firbolgs, first divided Ireland into five pro- vinces; and to that division Cambrensis, who wrote about A. D. 1180, alludes in the following words: “ In quinque enim portiones fere equales antiguitus hec insula divisa fuit.”—Topogr. dist. i. c.6. The western portion originally extended from the mouth of the Shannon, along its right bank, to the mouth of the Drobhais (Drowes), a river on the confines of Ulster, which flowing out of Lough Melvin, in a north- westerly direction, falls into the bay of Donegal. Connaught comprehended, beyond its modern limits, the territories of Thomond, or the present County of Clare; and North Breifne, the present County of Cavan. By the latter it acquired “a fearful pre- ponderance over the other provinces of Ireland.”—Cat. MSS. Stow. p, 26. So late as the sixteenth century, Sir Henry Sydney, when about dividing the province into counties, adopted the ancient boundaries, but excluded North Breifne.—See his Dispatch to the Lords of the Council, 27th April, 1576, in “ Letters and Memorials of State,” pub- lished by Arthur Collins, London, 1747.—Fol. vol. i. p.102. Also the Annals of the Four Masters, at A. D. 1569. This 126 This great western division of Ireland was first known by the name of Olnagmactd, “strangely corrupted,” says the venerable Charles O’Conor, “into Nagnete by Ptolomey.”’— Dissert. sect. xiii.; and it is supposed to have been so called from Olneg- macht, daughter of one of the Firbolg chiefs.—Book of Lecan, fol. a21. Our accurate annalist, Tigernach, at A. D. 33, calls it Coiced n-Olnecmoce, the fifth, or province, of Olnegmacht. That name it retained until the third century, after which it was called Connact, as is supposed from the Scotish or Milesian tribes, who settled in it about that period; and who were known by the name of Cuinn toéca, the race of Conn, ic. the posterity of Eochaidh Muighmhedhoin (Kochy Moyrane) king, first of Com naught, and afterwards of Ireland, who was descended from that hero.—Book of Lecan, loc. cit. The readers of our annals will find this province frequently mentioned hy other names, viz. : Coige Srenge, Coige Meadhbha (Meave), Coige Oiliolla, &c.; but these were temporary appellations, generally given by the bards, after distinguished personages who flourished there at different periods. Connaught, from an early period, has been frequently subdivided. See our author's Oyygia for the ancient ternary division called ceopa Connace, or the three Con- naughts, made by the Belga, or pean Chonnaccang, the old Connacians: “ Tres pre- cipue fuerunt familiw, viz, Gamanradii, Fir-Craibii, et Tuatha-taidhen, a quibus Connactia in ternas Connactias distincta, et hi Fir Olneqmact etiam sunt appellati.”— Ogyg. po 179, see also c. xliii. p. 269. “These old Conacians were succeeded by the three Scotic or Milesian tribes of Connaught, viz., the Hy-Fiachrach, Sil Murry (Sal Muireadhaigh) and the Hy-Briuin of Breifny, i.e. of Oirthir, or Eastern Connaught; and all were descended from Fiachra and Brian, the sons of Eochy Moyvane, King of Connaught, before mentioned. By these the old ternary divisions of the Belge were long preserved. For an account of those three Milesian tribes, and their descents and possessions, sce O'Connor's Dissertations, p. 283, ef deinceps, Among the most dis- tinguished of the race of Brian were the Maintir Murchadha, or O' Flaherties (descended from the youngest und greatest of his sons, Duach Galach, King of Connaught), whose principal inheritance, from the fifth to the thirteenth century, was the level and fertile plain of Magh Seola, sometimes called Muintir Murchadha, and now the barony of Clare, in the County of Galway, See the Annals of the Four Masters, A. D. 959 and 1034. After this time, the O’Flaherties possessed themselves of Jar or West Con naught, Where many of the name still remain. Besides the foregoing great divisions of this provinee, there were others, viz, loccap, or lower Connaught, which comprised part of Mayo, and the present County of Sligo; and uaceap, or apper Connaught, the present: County of Galway. These distinctions of iochfar and uachtar were afterwards adopted by the Anglo-Norman De Burgos, There were also Tuaisceart and Deisceart, or northern and southern Connaught; and these were again subdivided into several districts, I ing eet 977 127 districts, possessed by the leading tribes. Most of the latter divisions were abolished, and some created baronies, in the sixteenth century, when the province was divided into counties; for which see Appendix]. Of these districts, perhaps one of the best known at the present day, is far, or West Connaught, which has been 80 well described - by Roderic O’Flaherty, in the foregoing treatise. So little has been published respecting the former state and affairs of Connaught, that I am induced to insert in the following pages, a few extracts and documents, not hitherto printed; but which may tend to illustrate some portions of its early history. To many, but particularly those of ancient Irish descent, they may prove novel and interesting; and, moreover, may be found useful by the future topographer or historian of the country. They have been introduced in accordance with one of the primary objects of the Irish Archeological Society, viz., to rescue original historical documents from oblivion. In a preceding paragraph, p. 126, allusion has been made to Brian, the son and suc- cessor of Eochy Moyvane, King of Connaught. That personage is recorded to have had no less than twenty-four sons, who became the progenitors of the principal Scotic, or Milesian families of this province. Mac Firbis, in his account of the Belge, or Firbolgs, a treatise before referred to, and preserved in manuscript in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, enumerates those sons of Brian, and the tribes which sprung from them, as follows : " Cetpe mic picead bavan ag Oman .i. @éean, o ccoib cinel n-Gcean á. Ua Siapoa, Ua Oli, Ua Caipleonac, Ua Ruanutdén, Ua Fionnicdin. Feangur mac Oniain, a guo cinel Feangura na- h-Ccege, .1.Ua Spian, agup Ua Ónuacain, agur' Ua Conpete, agup Ua Caimiobda, vaoip1g Chineoil Feanaupa. Epc Oeang ó ppuil Cmel Oeipg la Connacca, agup Ounncacc, agup Cpiomeann, agur Cael- Canna, agur €rre (no Epille a quo Cuas Epille) agur Clongur, a guo Cinel n-Clongura o Saillim .1. ui C[llmunáin cona ppinéataib. Cenead, ó cra Cop- co tenead, ir Muicean, a guo Copco Muiéead, agur Oealsg, agur Sop, agur Cana, ó ccóáio U1 Canannan in Uaienb, “ Brian had twenty-four sons, viz.: Echen, from whom descended the Kinel- n-Echen, 1. e. Ua Biasta, Ua Bli, Ua Cais- leorach, Ua Ruanuidhen, and Ua Fion- nucain. Fergus, from whom Kinel Fer- gusa of Echtge, i.e. Ua Brain, Ua Bru- achain, Ua Conrethe, and Ua Cairriodha, chiefs of Kinel Fergusa. Erc Derg, from whom Kinel Erc Derg in Connaught. Dur- thacht. Criomthann. Caol-Carna, Esse (or Esille, from whom Tuath Esille). Aongus, from whom Kinel n-Aongusa, ef Gal- way, i.e. the O’Hallorans, with their branches. Tenedh, from whom Corco- Tenedh, and Muichead, from whom Cor- co-Muichead. Dealg, Bior. Cana, from whom the O’Cananans in Uaithne. Neach- tain, 128 ugup Peace ó eed Cín Neaccam coma ppineadab, Cgup bú Caipbpe a. Caipbpe Cone, did eva Haippe Cop- Linge an naom, ugup Caipbpe Ainéean, mc cen Uh Opin Raéa la h-raneap Conace, Cpt Conuill.) Conull Omipin ó gréin pop Util, agup Conall 6lan o cedio UF Mannaéain 1, caoipg na cept ¢ Cuir, ip Conall Copéaine, ó ccúio Uí Miysolouh, agup €ocuió, ó tea Cinel ncuadach, agay Pedblimid Solg, agup (oom Gamealach a guo Cinel n-Ganna, uguy Quad Ralac pérmpdice, an róran, needa plognwad Racca Cpugcan.” tain, from whom Tir Neachtain, with their collateral branches. Two Carbrys, viz. : Carbry Conrith, from whom is descended St. Barry of Cork; and Carbry Aircheann, from whom the Hy-Briuin Ratha, in the west of Connaught. Three Conalls, viz., Conal Oirisin, from whom the men of U mal- lia. Conall Glun, from whom the O’Mona- hans, i. e. the chieftains of the three Tuathas. Conall Cortaine, from whom Ui Maoilduibh. Eochaidh, from whom Kinel n-Eachach. Felemy Bolg and Enna Eamalach, from whom Kinel n-Eanna, Duach Galach afore- said, the youngest, from whom the kings of Rath Cruachan are descended.”—See also Book of Ballymote, fol. 54, and Ogyg. p. 374- ‘Pla: following lint of the “ Christian” kings of Connaught, or “ Rath Cruachan,” wa compiled by Peter O'Connell, a learned, but neglected antiquary of the last century, len satis ancient authorities, aided by the collections of the venerable Charles COG catuens Ialaníy of the Royal Irish Academy: It an here printed from the compiler’s autograph, which is preserved in the “IE CHRISTIAN KINGS OF CONNAUGHT. * Siopana. “pO RIGHAIBH CRISTAIDHE CONNACTA. » AiGhéoldaidh Mae Fiachrach, Mie Eochaidh Maighmedhoin, vec. ao bliadhain boys feachan las aa Deisibh Breagh, no a cug iar san re sin. g. ca (oho! Molt Mae Daithi, Mic Fiachruch, Mic Eochaidh Maighmhedhoin, &c. ry iublindia po tterehair a ceath Ocha la Lughaid Mac Laoghaire, la Muircheartach, Ala Parca. da Fearas Ceirbheoil agus la Fiachraidh (Mac Caolbhaidh) Righ Dail- Were tit ue Co Duach Gaalach Mac Briain, Mic Eochaidh Maizghmedhoin, we. 19 mbliadna; (oi hai u cvath Seay lisa la Muircertach AM. Earca. ao ebpegey la obese aD Ot Pengqumhe, na tn Bally mote. Seagup .!. aón domi Duach ‘Tenguma.—Se do thuit a ecath Seagsa, N. B. “4. Eoghan Swede Keating in the reign of Lugaid Mac Laoghaire. 129 “é 4. Eoghan Beal Mac Ceallaigh, Mic Oiliolla Muilt, Mic Daithi, &. 35 bliadna; go ttorchair a ccath Sligigh la Feargas agas la Domnall, da mhac Muircertaig Mic Earca, la Hainmhire Mac Seadna, agas la Ninnedh Mac Duach Tengumha. 37. “é gs. Oilioll an Bhanna Mac Eoghain Beal, Mic Ceallaigh, Mic Oiliolla Muilt, Mic Daithí, Mic Fiachrach, &c. g mbliadna; go ttorchair a ccath Cuile Conaire a Ceara‘, la Fergas, agas la Domnall, da mhac Muircertaigh Mic Earca. II. “ Aodh Fiontain, the brother of Oilioll an Bhanna, was slain together with Olioll an Bhanna himself, in the battle of Seghas. So in the copy or roll from Ballymote. “é Fearghas Mac Muiredaigh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Galaigh, Mic Briain, Mic Eochaidh Muighmedhoin. 7. No more of him, nor is he set down at all as king in (the Book of) Ballymote. “ 6. Duach Teangumha, Mac Ferghais, Mic Muiredaigh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Galaigh, Mic Briain, Mic Eochaidh Muighmedoin, &c. 7 mbliadhna do go ttorchair la Heochaidh Tirmcharna, a bhrathair. 7. Thus both copies. An error, but the copy from Ballymote adds, or as others will have it, he was slain in the battle of Seaghas by Muirccartach Mac Earca. The battle of Seaghais was fought A. D. §30.—O’Conor. “7. Eochaidh Tirmcharna Mac Ferghasa, Mic Muiredaigh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Galaigh, Mic Briain, &c. Aon bhliadhain agas eug ad bath. 1. “ 8. Aodh Mac Eochaidh Tiormcharna, Mic Fergusa, Mic Muiredaigh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Galaigh, 25 bliadna, agas Ui Briuin ros mharbh a ccath Binne Bugha, no Binne Baghna. sf. “ go. Maol Catha Mac Fogartaigh, Mic Cathail, Muiredaig Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Galaigh, Mic Briain. 7 mbliadna do. ““IOo. Aodh, the brother of Maol] Catha, after a Reign of 7 years, was slain by Uadha, son of Aodh. “ 11. Uadha Mac Aodha, Mic Eochaidh Tirmcharna, Mic Ferghasa, Mic Muiredaigh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Galaigh, &c. 9 mbliadna. “12. Colman Mac Cobthaigh, Mic Goibhnionn, Mic Conaill, Mic Eoghain, Mic Eochaidh Bric, Mic Daithi, Mic Fiachrach, &c. 21 bliadna; go ttorchair la Raghallach Mac Uadhach, a ccath bhinn Gubha. 21. “18. “ Fought A. D. 565.—C. O'Conor. This and the two following Kings are copied in f «5. in Ballymote. The 25 inserted are from the list from Ballymote, being left out in from O'Conor’s copies, by his own authority. the other copy.” IRISH ARCH. SOC. Is. S = Na oS eeeliinres, ie ee ae - = ee iii Le 130 43. Raghallach Mac Uadhach, Mic Aodha, Mic Eochaidh Tirmcharna, Mic Fer- hase, Mic Muiredaigh Mail, &c. 25 bliadna; go ttorchair la Corca Culle, agas ia Diurnal Mac Aodha Slaine [a ccath Conaill, is the only difference between the two Rolls). ag. ag Laighnean® Mac Colmain, Mic Cobthaigh, Mic Gobbhnionn, Mic Conaill, Mle Foghan, Mie Eochaidh Bhric, Mic Daithi, Mic Fiachrach, &. 7 mbliadna, go tfarehair ram, 7. He died by eating herbs. Thus from Ballymote. ag, Guaire Aidhne Mac Colmain, Mic Cobthaigh, Mic Goibhniond, Mic Conaill, Mic Mogham, Mie Eochaidh Bric, Mic Daithi, Mic Fiachrach, &c. 30 mbliadna do, 0 0 tole) CH. H, * Donnehadh Mac Ceallaigh, after a reign of 20 years, was slain by a cast ofa juvelin, The copy from Ballymote, in which alone I find this man, places him in this order. af Counn Fraolnidh Mae Colgan, Mic Acdha®, Mic Seanaigh, Mic Duagh Tean- guiúha, Mae Féargasa, Mie Muiredaigh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Ga- lainhí, Ac gg bhadna do; agas Ceallach Muc Adhamhnan,; i. Righ Conmhaicne, da Whusbhodh, nó Donnehadh Mae Ceallaigh ros marbh. 32. Cathal Mac Raghallaigh, Mic Uadach, Mic Aodha Mic Eochaidh ‘Tiemeharna, Mic Feargasa, Mic Muiredaigh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mie Duach Gulaigh, 7 mbliadna, agas eug ad bath iaramh. The folio copy alone gives this man, and in this order it gives him. Quere about fou. Rayallach had Feargas, Cathal, and Ceallach, eee @NTT TTT hadh Muitesec, Mie Maoil-Duibh, Mic Tiobraide, Mic Fiachaidh bateanth Mo Daithí Mie Finehraidh, Mic Eochaidh Maighmhedhoin, tc. 4 bliadhna; trorhanoaccath Carsin, apis Feargas Mac Muil, Righ Chineil Cairbre, la Cellach Mu. COTS) LC 4 [hí hin i pedipree matust he defective, Wherefore (Conor dues Hot set shower dies father. rr Cuadlach Mac Haynllairh, Mie UCadbach, Mic Aedha, Mic Evchuidh Tirm- loser Mie Detataea, Mie Migredaivh Mail, Mic Eoghain Sreimh, Mic Duach Galaigh, \ vevbibooedioe cba, & ó etysardnin., 12. oe 8g. Uo aise pred lene, aa in the fol mic Near, Fu. th 44“; ól lin tha Grobdes capy . but in a6 Thus from Ballymote. Qurre ’ And thus We Weg eee oO thet hi tis afterwards repeated, tho’ I follow the Pedi- teasa dé)“ hWub Ciobpame, — gree of Donnead Muires, as I found it in the vee Weel saobh ó léine etl za, folio copy." 131 “ 19. Feargal Aidhne Mac Artghaile, Mic Guaire, Mic Colmain, Mic Cobthaigh, Mic Goibhnionn, Mic Conaill, Mic Eoghain, Mic Eochaidh Bhric, Mic Daithi, Mic Fiachraidh, &c. 7 mbliadna do, agas eug ad bath. 17. “ 20, Muiredach Muillethan Mac Fergasa, Mic Raghallaigh, Mic Uadhach, Mic Aodha, Mic Eochaidh Tirmcharna, Mic Fergasa, Mic Muiredaigh Mail, &c. 27 mbliadna do, agas a eug. 7. é Here the folio copy ends. “ 21I. Inreactach Mac Donnchadha Muirisce, Mic Maoil-Duibh, Mic Tibraide, Mic Fiachaidh Ealgaidh, Mic Daithi, Mic Fiachraidh, &c. 2 bhliadhain do, agas Fergal Mac Loingsigh, righ Chineil Conaill, agas Maol Mal, righ Chineil Eoghain ros marbh. Mao! Mall after O’Flanagan from Ballymote. “22. Cathal Mac Muiredaigh Muillethain, Mic Fergasa, Mic Raghallaig, Mic Uadhach, &c, 7 mbliadna, agas a eug a n-ord Crabhaidh. “ 23. Donnall Mac Cellaigh, Mic Raghallaigh, Mic Uadhach, Mic Aodha, Mic Eochaid Tirmcharna, &c. 7 mbliadna do, agas a eug. “ 24. Inreactach Mac Muiredaigh Muillethain, Mic Fergasa, Mic Ragallaig, Mic Uadhach, &c. 10 mbliadna do, agas a eug. ““ 25. Aodh Balbh Mac Inrectaigh, Mic Muiredaig Muillethain, Mic Fergasa, Mic Ragallaigh, &c. 7 mbliadna do, agas a eug. “ 26. Fergas Rod Mac Cellaigh, Mic Ragallaigh, Mic Uadhach, &. 3 bliadna do, agas a eug. Thus Ballymote gives this King’s pedigree. O'Conor only calls him Fergus son of Kellach. é“ 27. Oilioll Medhraidhe Mac Inrectaig, Mic Donnchada Muirisce, Mic Maoil- Duibh, Mic Tiobraide, Mic Fiachaidh Ealgaid, Mic Daithi, 6 bliadna; and died of a wound he received in battle against Bressal son of Murchadh, in which Bressal was defeated. | “ 28. Duibhinreactach Mac Cathail, Mic Muiredaig Muillethain, Mic Fergais, Mic Ragallaig, &c. 5 bliadna do, and died of the Bloody Flux. “ 20. Donnchathach Mac Cathail, Mic Oliolla Medraidhe, Mic Inrectaig; 5 bliadna, agas a eug. Ballymote. Query whether Cathal should be in this King’s Pedigree. é“ so. Flaithrí Mac Domnaill, Mic Ceallaigh, Mac Ragallaigh, Mic Uadhach; 5 mbliadna do, agas a eug. “ 31, Another Flaithri—O’Conor. I don’t find him in the copy from Bally- mote. “ 32. Artghal Mac Cathail, Mic Muiredaigh Muillethain, Mic Fergais, &c. 4 bliadna do; agas a eug, a Naoi Cholaim Chille, a n-ord chrabhaid. S2 “ 33 132 “ 33. Muirgheas) Mac Tamaltaig, Mic Murgaile, Mic Inreactaigh, Mic Muiredaigh Muillethain, &e. 30 mbliadna, agas a cug. “34, Tiobraide Mac Taidg, 5 bliadna do; agasaeug. Thus Mr. O'Conor calls this King, whose authority weighs more with me than the copy from Ballymote, which calls him Tibrady son of Murgeas. I know no more about him. Mr. O'Conor places Tibrady first, and Muirgeas last here, who knew best. 35. Tiarmaid Mac Tomaltaigh, Mic Murgaile, Mic Inreactaigh, Mic Muiredaigh Muillethuin, &c. 18 mbliadna, avas a eug. 36. Cathal Mac Muirgheasa, Mic Tomaltaigh, Mic Murgaile, Mic Inreactaigh, Xe. 17 mbhaina, agas a eug. 339. Murchadh Mac Aodha, tr bhliana, agas a eug. “ 38. Feargas Mac Fathadh, 4 bliadna, agas a eug. Quere, of what race were these two Kings, viz., 37 and 38. * 39, Fionnacta Luibhne no Luimhne Mac Tomaltaigh, Mic Murgaile. Mie In- reetuigh, Mie Muiredaigh Muillethan, &c. deag a n-ord chrabhaidh, ar ttregion an shaoghail do, A.D. 846. Thus Mr. O'Conor, upon whose authority alone I insert this King. * 40. Conchabhar Mac Taidg, Mie Muirghesa, Mic Tomaltaigh. &e. 30 mbliadns dog agus aeug. Mughron a ceomhtlaitheas ris 27 mbliadna, agas a eug na Righ ar leth Connaet. gr. Aodh Mac Conchair, Mic Taidg, Mie Muirghesa, Mic Tomaltaig., 6 bliadna do, agasaeug. He fought under Flann, monareh of Ireland, and was killed in battle against the Danes, ALD. 885. (O°Conor.) a2. Fad Mae Conchabhair, Mie Taide. Mie Muirgesa, Mic Tomaltaiz, 22 bli- adna, avas bas anabaidh ros fuair. 43. Cathal Mae Conchabhair, Mie Taide. Mie Muirsesa, Mic Tomaltaiz, de 28 hhiadna, anas bus anabaidh ros tug. “ag. Tada an Tuir Mac Cathail, Mie Conchabhair, Mic Taidg, Mie Muiryesa, Mie Tomaltaiz, &e. 30 bliadain, agas bas anabaidh ros tuy. “a5. Senthearghal i. Senfergal ua Ruaire, Mae Airt. Mie Ruaire, Mic Tighernain, Mic Sealachain, Mie Cearnachain, Mic [ }. IO mbhadna du, aras Domnall Mae Conghalaigh Righ Breagh da mharbhadh. é 46. ' s Quaere, whether this Muirges had a son mTunanle, mic Inpeccung, mic Mu- called Muiredach Maighe Haoi, that had a claim pedurg Murllecain, 7c.. set down for Mui- tothe government, for in the folio copy 1 nd, peggech Muillethan. 1 don't find him anv where atter Fergal Aidhne, Mune duc Lange haon, else; and there he gets 27 years’ reign.” mac Muipgeapa, mie Comateag, mic 133 “ 46. Conchabhar Mic Taidg an Tuir, Mic Cathail, Mic Conchabhair, Mic Taidg, 5 bliadna do, agas a eug. “ 47. Cathal Mac Taidg an Tuir, Mic Cathail, Mic Conchabhair, Mic Taidg. &c. Tri laithe do, agas a mharbhad a ccath Ceise Corainn, la Murchadh Ua Flathbertaigh, Righ Kineil Eoghain. (Thus O’Conor.) “ 48. Cathal Mac Concabhair, Mic Taidg an Tuir, Mic Cathail, Mic Concabhair, 30 bliadhain do, agas a dhul a nord crabhaidh, agas a eug da bliadhain na dhiaidh. “ 49. Art Oirnidhe Mac Aodha, Mic Senfherghail Ui Ruairc, &c. 15 bliadna, agas a mharbhadh la Kineal Conaill Golban. N.B. Art O’Ruirc was living A. D. 1021, and entered that year the province of Connaught, together with Malachy O’Neill and Donagh son of Brien, &c., and caused the hostages of that province to be given to Malachy. Annals Inisfal. This king is not universally allowed. “ 50. Tadg an eichghil Mac Cathail, Mic Concabhair, Mic Taidg an Tuir, &c. ao bliadain do, agas a mharbhad la Malsechlainn O’Mal Ruanaidh. N.B. Tadg com- manded the forces of Connaught at the battle of Clontarf, A. D. 1014; and is stiled King of Connaught. Supposing this year to be the first of his reign, he must have been 36 years king when his son Aodh succeeded him. An. Inisfallen. “ 51. Aodh an Ghai-bhernaigh, Mac Taidg an cich-ghil, Mic Cathail, &c. 17 mbli- adna ag dreim ris righe do chosnadh, gor marbhadh e a ccath Turlaigh Enaigh (san Ccorann) la h-Aodh Mac Airt Oirnidhe Ui Ruairc. é“ 52. Aodh Mac Airt Oirnidhe Ui Ruairc, 37 mbliadna, agas a mharbhadh a ccath Anachla, la Ruidhri na Soighe buidhe, Mac Aodha an ghaoi-bernaigh Ui Chon- chabhair. N.B. Conachail is near Bealan atha fada in Corann. He reigned but ao years, according to the Annals of Inisfallen. “53. Ruaidri na Soighe buidhe Mac Aodha an ghaoi-bhernaigh, 4 bliadna do, agas a shuile do bhuain as la Flaithbertach Ua Flaithbertaigh, Righ Iarthair Connact. [Iar-Connaught |. “64. Do ghabh Flaithbertach ua flaithbertaigh an Righe Mi do, gor ros marbh Siol Muireadaig a ndioghail Ruaidri na soighe buidhe a ccionn an resin. é gs. Domnall Mac Tigernain, Mic Ualghairg, Mic Neill, Mic Airt Oirdnide, Mic Aodha, mic Senfherghail ui Ruairc, &c. 3 bliadna do, agas a mharbhadh la Muintir Eolais. This was the third indisputable King of Connaught of the name of O’Ruairc. é“ g6. Domnall Mac Ruaidri ne Soidhe buidhe (agas an Mac ba sine lais) 4 bliadna do, agas *Muircertach Ua Briain, Righ Erionn go ffreasabhra, a ccenn an re sin da inorbadh, k ** Mnirchertach Mac Toirdhelbaig Mic Taidg Lachlaind ruled in the north. The one ruled in ruled in the south; Domnall Mac Ardgail, Mic Leith Moghe, the other in Leth Cuinn.” 134 inorbadh, agas og gairm righ Connact do Thoirdhelbhach Mhor Mac Ruaidri na Sioghe buidhe, da bhrathair a nauis a chuig mbliadan deag. é“ g7. Toirdhelbhach Mor Mac Ruaidri na Soighe Buidhe, &c. 47 bliadna na righ Connact agas Erionn agas a eug a n-Dun Mor. * 58. Ruaidhri Mac Tuirdelbhaigh Mhoir. Is an 14amhadh bliadain do flaitheas un Ruaidhri so os Connact, agas is an 4amhad bliadain da fhlaitheas os Erinn, san mbliadhain 116g. tangadar na ceadgoill shexancha go h- Erinn.” —Orig. MS. No list of the kings of Connaught has, until now, been published. The foregoing is inserted, as the most complete, sv far as it extends, that the Editor has met with. But the future historian may find it necessary to subject it to close examination; and in so doing, he will be aided by the labours of the late Doctor O'Conor, in his Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores, and the various authorities there referred to. A catalogue of the Irish provincial kings, continued after the Anglo-Norman invasion, will be found in O’Ferrall’s Book of Pedigrees, preserved in the Office of Arms, Dublin. THE ANCIENT REGAL FAMILY OF O’CONOR OF CONNAUGHT. The following genealogical and hitherto unpublished account of the O’Conor family, compiled by the venerable Charles O'Conor, has been communicated by the compiler's grandson, the late Matthew O'Conor, Esq., to the Editor. * Achay Moymedon (Eochy Moyvane), who died king of Ireland, A. D. 366, had several sons. The principal were Brian, Fiacra, and Niall, from whom descended the families of Hy-Brune, Hy-Fiacra, and Hy-Niall. From the fourth to the thirteenth century, this race of Achay Moymedon was the most powerful in the kingdom. During that whole period the Hy-Brune had vast patrimonial domains in Connaught, and generally had the suffrages of the provincial states in the elections of provincial kings for that province. * When the Hy-Brune family subdivided inte several branches, the most powerful branch was distinguished by the particular name of Clan Murray (otherwise Siol Murray), trom Murryach Mullethan, who died King of Connaught, A. D. 702. In the eleventh century, Teige, chicfof the Clan Murray race (and King of Connaught, A. D. 1030), took the sirname of O'Conor, and that sirname has continued in the family ever since. “In the twelfth century the O’Conors became very powerful in Ireland; from being provincial Kings of Connaught, they aspired to the throne of the kingdom, and succeeded, In 1136 Torlagh the Great had suthcient influence to get himself elected King of Ireland by a majority of the states. History gives him a great character. He reigned 20 years, and died A. D. 1156. é Ruderick way the elder son of Turlogh the Great, und from being King of Con- naught, 135 naught, was elected King of Ireland, A. D. 1166. In his reign the kingdom was in- vaded by Henry II. King of England. Roderick, deserted by most of the provinces, was finally, in 1175, obliged to enter into a convention with the King of England, wherein he yielded to become that monarch’s vassal for the province of Connaught alone. Thus ended the Irish monarchy. é From Cathal Crovedarg, the younger son of Torlogh the Great, descended the most powerful branch of the O’Conor family, as the succession of their history in the annals of the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries amply testifies. From that Cathal Crovedarg, who died King of Connaught in 1224, is descended, in the sixteenth generation, Brigadier Thomas O’Conor, for whom we have drawn up the following genealogy. “ We have drawn out this genealogy from the most authentic materials in the archives of Ireland, and from the antient annals, as well as modern documents, now preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. To this noble repository of antiquities we had daily access thro’ the indulgence of Dr. Thomas Leland, the present librarian, and one of the Senior Fellows of the University. The accounts in the Herald’s Office in the Castle of Dublin could not be guides to us in the following genealogy; as they do not reach farther back than the 12th century. The later accounts in that office are only taken from the originals that we have perused. “ Having premised thus much, we now proceed to our genealogical line from Achay Moymedon to the Brigadier Thomas O’Conor, marking as we go along the principal evolutions in power and prosperity. C. O’Conor. “ Hy BRUNE. “ It. Achay Moymedon, King of Connaught, was elected King of Ireland A. D. 358, and died A. D. 366. “2, Brian, the common father of the Hy-Brune race, and Prince of Connaught, died A.D. 397. 3. Duach Galach, Prince of Conaught, died 438. 4- Eogan Sreve, Prince of Connaught, died 463. “é 5. Murryach Mal, Prince of Connaught, died 489. 6. Fergus, Prince of Connaught, died 517. 7. Eochy Tirmcarna, Prince of Connaught, died 543. 8. Aodh, Prince of Connaught, was elected King of Connaught by the states in 556, and died in the battle of Benbow, A. D. 577. “9. Uada, King of Connaught, 597. “10, Reilly, King of Connaught, 645. ‘‘ 11. Fergus, Prince of Connaught, 654. ““ CLAN "" 12. 13. L4- 15. 16. 17. "IN. "" 19. ' 20. " 21. be 22. 23, * a4- 32. 25. " 20. "" 2N. " 29. "" 30. " 31. 33. 3+ = 36, we 36. 136 * Cran MURRAY. Murryach Mullethan was elected King of Conaught A. D. 696, and died A. 1D. 702. From him the principal Hy-Brune branch took the name of Clan- Murray, otherwise Siol-Murray. Inrachtach, died King of Connaught, 723. Murgaly, Prince of Connaught, 751. Tomaltach, Prince of Connaught, 774. Murglas, died King of Connaught, 813. Teig, Prince of Connaught, died 841. Concovar, King of Connaught, 879. Cathal, Prince of Connaught, g25. Teige of the Tower, King of Connaught, died A.D. 956. Concovar (otherwise Conor), 973. Cathal, roto. “ OPCONOR. Teige (of the white stecd), died King of Connaught, 1030. He was the firse who took the surname of O'Conor, Aodh (of the broken spear), died King of Connaught, 1067. Roderick (of the yellow hound), 1118. Torlogh the Great, King of Connaught, and elected King of Ireland 1136, died 1156. . Cathal Crovedarg, elected King of Connaught, over which he reigned with great reputation 33 years. He died A.D. 1224. Aodh died, King of Connaught, 1228. Roderick, Prince of Connaught, was drowned in the Shannon, 1244 Eozan (of the palace), King of Connaught. 1274 Aodh, King of Connaught. 130g. After the battle of Athenry in 1317. the provincial power of the O°Conors in Connaught was much reduced. the English having wrested near one-half of the province out of their juris- diction. Turlogh, King of Connaught : he was called Torlogh Don, and his family took from him the surname of (Conor Don, 1345. Aedh. King of Connaught, 1356. Torlogh Ow, King of Connaught, 1406. Fedlim Geancach (Prince of the Plains of Connaught), killed in a skirmish treachers usly, 1474. Evgan Caoch (Prince of the Plains of Connaught), 1485. as 37- 137 “ 37. Carbry (Prince of the Plains, &c.), 1548. “ 38. Dermod (Prince of the Plains), died in his castle of Ballintobber. He married the daughter of Torlogh Roe O’Conor, otherwise O'Conor Roe, 1585. “ 39. Aodh (Prince of the Plains of Connaught), who compounded for his country of the Plains with Queen Elizabeth's Lord Deputy, Sir John Perrot, died 1627. é“ 40. Hugh Og of Castlerea, Commissioner for the province of Connaught in the Council of Kilkenny, A. D. 1642, died 1655.” “ From this Hugh Og descended Thomas O’Conor, Esq., an officer of great repute in the service of His Most Christian Majesty.”—See Dissertations on the History of Ire- land, p. 282. ‘ The Hy-Brune, or Clan Murray O’Conors, ‘were descended from Teig, who first took that surname, and governed the province of Connaught in the year 1030; and from him, in the fifth generation, descended Roderic O’Conor, King of Connaught in the year 1157, and elected King of all Ireland in the year 1166, on the death of his predecessor Murkertach O’Laghlin, in the battle of Literluin. é In the year 1175, Roderic yielded to such terms as Henry II., King of England, proposed to him. In 1186 he resigned the provincial government of Connaught, which, after many contests, devolved finally on Cathal Crove-darg, Roderic’s youngest brother. “ From this Cathal Crove-darg, who died in the year 1224, descended the O’Co- nors of Ballintobber, otherwise the O’Conors Don. Hugh O'Conor, the chief of this name, in 1586, submitted to Queen Elizabeth’s Government, and the composition between him and the Queen’s Lord Deputy, Sir John Perrot, is still preserved in the Rolls Office in Dublin. “This Hugh O'Conor Don, of Ballintobber, gave the lands and castle of Belana- gare, with other estates, to his third son, Cathal Og, otherwise Charles O’Conor, who died on the ninth of February, 163[ ]. And these estates were confirmed to Major Owen O’Conor, the said Charles’s eldest son, in the Act of Settlement made in Ireland, soon after the Restoration of King Charles II. “ Major Owen O’Conor died without issue male in 1688. The confusions which followed subjected his estate to a dismemberment, on account of the forfeiture of one of his co-heirs. What remained, being two-thirds, devolved on his nephew, Denis O'Conor, who died at his house in Belanagare, February 1, 1750. é“ To him succeeded Charles O’Conor of Belanagare, still alive, and for him we have drawn up the following genealogical line, down from the time of Cathal Crove-darg O’Conor abovementioned : “1. Cathal Crove-darg O'Conor died in the abbey of Knockmoy, A. D. 1224. IRISH ARCH. SOC. IS. T “2, ag 138 . Hugh, his son, succeeded to the government of the Irish province in Connaught [namely, the countries yielded by the English monarchs to the O’Conors, as a government, independent of that established in favour of the first English adventurers]. This Hugh was killed in the court of Jeffrey Marsh, Lord Justice of Ireland, A. D. 1228. » Roderic, Hugh’s son. Eogan, Roderic’s son, succeeded to the government of the Irish of Connaught for three months, and was murdered in the monastery of the Fryers Preachers in Roscommon, A. 1). 1274. . Hugh, Eogan’s son, succeeded governor of the Irish of Connaught, and was killed by his own kindred, A. D. 1309, at Kell-an Clochan in Brefhny. . Torlagh, Hugh’s son, obtained the government. of the Irish province in Cun- naught, and was killed at Fiodh-Doruda in Munter Eolus, A. D. 1345. . Hugh, Torlagh’s son, obtained the government of the Irish province of his an- cestors; was deposed A.D. 1350, and murdered in Baly-loch-Decar, by Donagh O'Kelly, the chieftain of Hy-Many, A. D. 1356. . Turlogh Og, Hugh’s son, obtained the provincial government of his ancestors and was killed in Clunconrey, uA. D. 1406. . Feidlim Geancach, a minor when his father died, succeeded in his advanced age lintobber. He was killed in a skirmish with the O*Kellys of Hy-Many, A.D. 1474. . Eogan Caoch, Feidlim’s son, died, chief of his name, at Ballintobber. Edania, the daughter of Daniel O'Conor of Sligo, his wife, died in 1.476, and he died himself ALD. 1485. . Carbre, the son of Eogan Caoch and Edamia, died in his eastle of Ballintobber, A.D. 1546. He married Dervorgilla, the daughter of Feidlin Finn O*Coa- nor, his own kinsweman. . Dermod, the son of Carbre and Dervorgilla, succeeded to the estates: of Ballin- tobber; married Dorothy, the daughter of Teig boy O'Conor Roe, and died at Ballintobber, A.D). > he lived in 1585. . Hugh. the sen of Dermed and Dorothy O°Coner, married Mary O° Ruark, the daughter of Bryan na Murrtha O'Ruark (who was exceuted in London in 15yo). He compounded with the Queen's Lord Deputy, Perrot, fur his patrimonial estates, and died in his castle of Bullintobber, A.D. 1629, Cathal Og, otherwise Charles, the third son of Hugh and Mary O'Ruark, ob- tained the castle and estate of Belanagare from his father, on his inter- marriage 139 marriage with Anne O’Mulloy, the daughter of William O’Mulloy of Oghtertire, Esq. He died on the gth February, 1634. “15, Cathal Og, or Charles, the second son of the aforesaid Cathal Og and Anne O’Mulloy, married Cecilia O'Flynn, the daughter of Fiacra O'Flynn of Balin- logh, Esq., and-the chief of his name. This latter Cathal Og, or Charles O’Conor, died at Belanagare, A. D. 1696. . é 16. Denis, the son of the said Charles and Cecilia, married Mary O’Ruark, the daughter of Col. Tiernan O’Ruark (the grand-nephew of the abovementioned Bryan na Murtha, who forfeited). He left issue of that marriage, viz., Charles his eldest son, now living, and born in 1710; Daniel, born in 1727; and Hugh, in 1729.”—Orig. MS. Charles, born in A.D. 1710, was the venerable author of the “ Dissertations on the History of Ireland,” &c., and he also compiled the foregoing account of his own name and family. He was great-grandfather of the present Denis O’Conor Don, M. P. for the County of Roscommon. The kings of Connaught, from an early period, were inaugurated on the hill of Carnfraoigh, near Tulsk, in the present County of Roscommon. The duties of some of the chief officers on that occasion appear in an Irish manuscript, preserved in the library of the Duke of Buckingham, at Stowe, in England, codex iii. fo. 28, beginning “ Azur ap e ua Maolconaipe, 7c.” & It is O’Maolconar’s [Mulconry’s] right to present the wand to the king, and it is not lawful for any of the nobles of Connacht to be present in company on the carn, excepting O’Maolconar, who inaugurates, and O’Connachtan, who guards the entrance of the carn. The King’s horse and clothes become the property of the successor of Daconna, and he follows O’Conor on that horse; and an ounce of gold is paid to O’Connachtan, who is obliged to smooth the Carn at every inauguration.” —Cat. Stow. MSS. p.168. For the original of this fragment, see Rerum Hib. vol. i. prolegomena 2, p. 91. O’Ferrall, in his Book of Irish Pedigrees, preserved in the Office of Arms, Dublin, under the O'Conor family, notes, “ that the King of Connaught kept twelve prime officers, of the chief families of his country, in his court, attending his person, as his councell; and to rule and govern as well his household, as to manage the affairs of his kingdom, in war and peace, and were called, in Irish, Caoimg na Cnuaéan, which officers were hereditary from father to son. These were O’Flannagan, Mac Oireachty (Geraghty), O’Mulbrenin, O’Finaghty, O’Fallon, O’Flin, O’Manachain, O’Concanon, Mac Branan, O’Hanly, O’Heyn, O’Seachnusy.” These chief lords had from the king the following stipends for their services, viz. : ‘Fifty cows and fifty sheep on the day of Baal’s fire to Mac Geraghty ; fitty cows and fifty pigs every Samin’s T 2 day 140 day to him also; his surety in the district of Umhal ;—fifty suckling calves and fifty sheep on Bual’s fire day to O’Fionachty; and fifty pigs and fifty cows every Samin’s day to him; and his surety in Luighni of Connacht ;—fifty calves and fifty sheep to (? Maolbrennan every Baal’s fire day; fifty cows and fifty pigs every Samin’s day to him also; and his surety in the district of Fiachrach, ...... ;—fifty calves and fifty sheep on Baal’s fire day to 0’ Flannagan ; fifty suckling calves and fifty pigs on Samin’s day to him also; and his surety in Tirawly and Irrus. O’Conor’s high stewardship belongs to O’ Flannagan, in preference to the three other chiefs, lords of Connaught. The guardianship of his hostages and prisoners, and the command of the securities for the provision of his fleet, from Sliabh-an-Iron [ fron mountain] to Limerick, belongs to (P Hanly ;—the body guards of O'Conor, and the joint stewardship, and the £eherns to be under the control of Mae Brennan ;—the straw for the encampment, the furniture, and beds for O*Conor’s house, to be provided by the Clan Dockrey, and also the making of the ceneampment, whenever his fort is to be fitted up;—the guarding of the preys of O'Conor, when he pitches his tents, belongs to O’Flannagar, O' Berna, and 0 Dockrey ;—the guards of O'Conor, and their profits, from the Curra of Cen- netich castward, to Cenantuas, ure subject to the command of Jac Brennan ;—his guards from that Currach westward, to Cruach Patrick, belongs to the command of Flin ;—the command of the tleet to OF laherti and 0? Mali, whenever he goes on sea or on high sea. The chief of the house-hold of O’Conor is O’ Teiye [now Tighe], and he is mareschal of the household ;—the steward of the horse is O' Flin ;—the steward of the jewels is O’Aelly;—the chief marshal of the armies is Mae Dermott ;—the carver is O' Bern; —the door-keeper OF tonnachti; —the chief poet, O° .Maolconar. Each of these lords has twenty-four towns, as a domain for his own necessities, from O'Conor; and cach of the other four royal lords has cight and forty towns, namely, OPlannagan, Mac Gerachty, O Fionnachta, and O° Maolbrennan. The chief officers and champions, patient of fatigue, are the Gulenga, the Clan Cuanana, the Conmacniana, the three Lutjhnra, and the men of Cera; these are the chosen spearsmen of the armies, fur they are. It would be tedious to write all: there is not a lord, nor prince, nor governor of a district, from Ballyshannon, nor from Krrwa, the district of the Damnonii, to Caneach in Meath, and to Duleek, the monastery of Cianan, and from Loch-Erue to Lough- Derg, and to Birr, who is not subject to the laws and usages, the customs and the power, of O°Conor!,” &e.—Cet Now, MNS. p. 168. The foregoing is taken from Torna O'Muleonry, chief poet. of Connaught, who attended at the inauguration of Felim O'Conor, on the hill of Carn Fraosh, A.D. 1315. “See also Irish Writers, p. 98; and Rerum Hib. vol. i. proL a. p- 92. Here ' This extract seems to be in some places mistranslated by Dr. 0 Conor. 141 Here the Editor takes an opportunity of correcting an error respecting the situ- ation of Rath Cruachan, the palace or ancient residence of the kings of Connaught. This error occurs in the History of Galway, where it is incorrectly stated, p. 33, after Beauford, that Rath Cruachan was situate between the towns of Boyle and Elphin, in the County of Roscommon. But that was a gross mistake, for although there is a well- known hill, called the hill of Croghan (Cpuacén), situate about mid-way between those towns (see the Statistical Survey of the County, pp. 282-4), yet it never was the resi- dence of our provincial princes. The late Dr. O’Conor has, however, pointed out the true situation of Rath Cruachan, viz., in the parish of Kilcorky, and barony of Ballin- tobber: “ Cruachan Arx Regia Connacie, cujus vestigia adhuc manent, distat duobus circiter miliaribus a Belanagare, et tribus a Castello de Ballintober. Vox ipsa Cruachain denotat, i.e. Collem Annult, sive collem circularem.”—Tig. p. 310, n. 76. Near it, to the south, is situate Roilig na Riogh, or the Cemetery of the Kings. Here a remarkable upright stone, about seven feet over ground, called lia beana, or the red stone, is pointed out as the monument of Dathy, the last of the Irish pagan kings. That prince is said to have been killed by lightning at the foot of the Alps, in A. D. 428.— See the Four Masters at that year, and Ogyg. p.160. The monument is alluded to by Mac Firbis, in his Book of Genealogies, p. 173, as follows: “ Cugaé copp Ode: go Cnuacain gup hadnaicead e 1 nelg na Riog 1 Ccpuacamn, 1 ppáil, a pabaoap Riogpais Síol Epeamoin do unmon, aic a ppuil, gur aniú, an Caippte Seanz mun lag ora lige na leacc, le Raie Cnuacdn, gur a nora, 1666.” This, and other curious vestiges of antiquity in the locality, are entitled to the first attention of the future topographer or historian of this interesting county. - Among the ‘‘ Depositions of Protestants,” &c., preserved in the Manuscript Library of Trinity College, Dublin, F. a. 2., “ Elizabeth Hollywell, relict of William Hollywell, clerke, of the town of Roscommon, saith that it was an ordinary and a common report, by and amongst the rebells of the county of Roscommon, that Charles O’Connor Dun of Ballentubber, Esq., was made king of Connaught; and one Christopher de la Hyde, Esq., a justice of peace and a Papist, told deponent, that all the rebell soldiers thereabouts were gone to Tudks, to make the said Charles O’Conor Dun king of Con- naught.”—Jurat, 10th April, 1643. Of the inclination to achieve the purpose here de- posed to, there can be no doubt; for it is a curious fact, that after a period of nearly two hundred years a similar project was contemplated in the very same district. During one of the late agrarian disturbances there, a deputation of the people waited on the late Mr. Matthew O’Conor, uncle of the present O’Conor Don, and announced to him, that at a general meeting of the barony it was proposed, and unanimously resolved, that he should be proclaimed King of Connaught. Not anticipating any dissent on his part from this wise resolve, the deputies respectfully requested him to appoint a time 142 time for the performance of the ceremony, on the hill of Carnfree. How the singular proposal was entertained may be easily anticipated. Mr. O’Conor himself related this circumstance to the Editor. . The old Book of Rights and Privileges, entitled “ Leabhar na g-ceart” (attributed to St. Beinin, who died A. 1). 468; but enlarged and continued to a much later period), preserved in the Books of Lecan and Ballymote, contains an account of the rights, revenues, and privileges of the kings of Connaught; and the subsidies paid by them te their subordinate chieftains. This begins: ‘* Cipa acap Cuanaroml Convace .1, mon cir Conouce itep biatad acap coimibeacr. Cedumurp co Cnuacan.’ The re- venues and subsidies of Conaght, i.e. the great rents of Conaght. both food (or enter- tainment) and attendance, First to Cruachan” ” An account is then given of the rights and privileges of the Conaght kings, bevinning “ Cirn& pe peancap nac puaill.” Hear ye a story not to be contemned.” “This is followed by an account of the subsidies paid by them to their chiefs, beginning ‘* Cuapapeal cuicio Con ouce.” The stipends of the province of Conaght.”—See Irish Writers, p. 30; Book of Lecan, fo. 187; and Book of Ballymote, fo. 147. With these, the following extracts will be found, in the main, te agree. “The rights and tributes paid at Cruachan, the King’s residence, annually, viz. : From the territory of Umhkall, 100 mileh cows, 100 hogs, and 100 casks of beer (leand); trom Greagruidhe 100 bullocks, 100 milch cows, 60 hogs, and 60 mantles (Arat); from Conmharcene 240 mantles, 200 cows, and 80 hogs ; from Crarruathe 100 cows, 100 bullocks, 60 red inantles, and 60 hogs; from Luighne 300 cows every May- day, and 150 hogs; rgomantles every All Saints eve (/a xamhne), together with 150 bul- locks for the plough 5 from the Corcathh I40 cows, 310 sheep [ 700, tn Lah, Lecan ]). 350 hows, 380 oxen: from the Dealhhaaa, tor the freedom of their country, 150 red mantles, ISO hogs, and rpoexen; from feeie, tor their lands, 7o mantles and 7o hogs. “The free princes are those of PE Briuing Sil Muireadhaizh, 1 Fiachrach, and Cineal-sodhs (Atnalea). “These are tree from any tribute, and are as free as the king (com aaera fri Ria) Butitthe mouarch should war upon the King of Connaught, those princes are to aid the King with their forces, They are not to march their armies into the field Without pay. nor fight a battle without consideration, and if any of their men be killed, they are to have restitution (Fric) for the same. When the sovercimty is not in the }traseny of Aedh or Guaire, they (the latter) are to sit by the King’s shoulder (ve), and the best of them by his right shoulder (Gauala deaa).—See the dan or poom Eipag le Seancap, 7c. * What the King of Connaught is obliged to pay to his tributaries, for their sere vice, tributes, and lovalty.— Ló the chieftain of Stal Musreadhaigh his own ring and battle dress (sail agus errid), together with a shield, a sword, and a curselet ; to the Ring 143 King of Umhall 5 horses, 5 ships, 5 swords, and g corselets; to the King of Dealbhna ó shields, 6 swords, 6 horses, 6 cloaks, and § cups; to the King of Conmhaicne 4 cloaks, 4 swords, 4 slaves, 4 women, 4 corselets, 2 mantles, and 2 pair of tables (fithil), to cups, and 10 horses; to the King of £ Mazne 7 robes, 7 cloaks, 7 horses, 7 greyhounds; to the King of Luigne 10 horses, IO robes, IO cups, and 10 grey- hounds; to the King of J Briuin 5 horses, 5 mantles, 5 swords, § corselets, 10 cups, 10 slaves, and ten pair of tables; to the King of North I Fiachrach 3 cups, 3 swords, 3 horses, 10 rings, and 10 pair of tables; to the Prince of Cineal-n-Aodha 7 slaves, 7 women (mna daera), 7 cups, 7 swords, and 7 greyhounds; to the Prince of Par- traighe 3 cloaks, 3 cups, and 3 horses. Thus the tributes and gifts of the kings and chieftains of Connaught are settled.” “ The King of Cruachan is obliged to give the monarch of Ireland, at his feast, 40 keeves (dabach) full of liquors, with other necessaries; and not to go unattended to invite him. He is obliged to have, in return, from the monarch, at Tara, 40 cows, 200 horses, 4 rings, 4 cups gilt with gold, all to be left at his habitation at Cruachan. And, as an additional gift, 4 red shields, 4 helmets of the same color, 4 corselets, and 4 spears. He is obliged to keep Cruachan inhabited, and not to leave it to go west- ward more than three times in one year. The King of Cruachan (O'Conor) is obliged to give the King of Imanie (O'Kelly) 4 shields, 20 cows, 20 horses, and clothing for 200 men; to the King of J Fiaghragh (O’Dowda) 4 ships, 10 women, ao slaves, and 3 cups; to the King of Twath 20 beeves, 20 hogs, and 20 tuns well filled; to the King of Luignte 4 shields, 4 robes with gold borders, and 4 ships. He (O'Conor) is no further liable to his tributaries, and they are all obliged to accompany him to Tara.” The foregoing extracts from the “ Book of Rights” are here introduced as a curious elucidation of part of our provincial history. It must, however, be confessed, that they cannot be considered so perfect as might be wished, owing to the dif- ficulty of obtaining a copy of that ancient book, which could be relied on. Several transcripts of it are extant, but they differ so much from each other, particularly in the enumeration of the various articles of cíos, or tribute, that it is not easy to de- termine which is genuine. For an instance of this see the “ Rights and tributes paid at Cruachan” (Cios Ri Connacht) given in Rerum Hib. Scriptor. vol. i. proleg. 2. p- 90, from an ancient manuscript at Stowe, which will be found to vary from our original. A corrected copy, therefore, of the Book of Rights, published with the various readings, would be a useful addition to Irish literature. When the Anglo-Normans landed in Ireland in the twelfth century, the Cuzgeadh, Fifth, or Province, of Connaught, was inhabited by several tribes or families of Milesian descent; whose chieftains, and the territories which they ruled, have been recorded by one of the most learned of our antiquaries, Shane Mor O’Dugan, in a topographical poem 144 poem still extant. This valuable piece, like most of the other evidences of Irish history, still remains unpublished. A small part, consisting merely of the prose pre- faces to the descriptions of the several provinces, has been translated by the learned author of Cambrensis Eversus, and inserted in that work, see p.25. The portion re- lating to Connaught is here printed from a valuable copy of the original, in the hand- writing of Cucoigcriche O’Clery, one of the Four Masters, preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy. The publication of the entire, which extends to the whole of Ireland, will, it is hoped, be achieved by the Irish Archeological Society. “CuwChonachc ino po co Cece. “O’Conchobaip Chnoní Conache. ©? Flunagain, O’Muoil Mopsa, O’Cup- rug, agur O'Mugpom ceicne caoipis clomne Catal; O'Maolbnpendinn ap cloinn Chonchubaip ; O° Cacaldin ap cloinn Pugaprang; agup O'Maonmg ap cloinn Munpcuile ; agup Mag Oineach- cing ap muineip Roouib; O? Finachea an clomn Conmag: agup O'Finachea eile un clomn Mupchasda ; agup O'Conn- ceandino ap Unb Quapmara: agup Mag Mupchaod an cloinn Tomoleang: O' Fall- aman ap Cloinn Uaoach : Mac Oiap- mona an cip n-Orlealla, agup an cín Tuactal, agup ap epic Pean Tine, agup ap cloind Chuáin, agup an cín Neach- rinn, agup ap Cín n-Enoa, " Cuinn ne Opeipne. ~O'Ruaipe cipo-z Opéipne. Mac Tigeapndin ap Ceallach n-Ounchaou : Maz Sampandin ap Ceallach n-€ach- lt h:agupMac ConpnamaaupclomoChro- nach; agup Mac Cagadaim an cloinn Peaupmurge 5 agup Mag Oonpchade ap cenél Guachtan, agup Mag Plann hada ap Ohapeporge ; O' Find aguy O'Ceanb- “Tn the Portion of Connauaht. *(YConor supreme King of Connaught. O'Flannagan, ©’ Mavil-Mordha, O’Carthy, and O*Mughroin (.Voran), the four chiefs - of Clan-Cathail; O'Maoil-Breanainn (Wad- renin) chief of Clan-Connor; O’Cahalan of Clan-Fagharta (Faherty); O"Maonaigh (Mooney) of Clun-Murthuile; Mae Oire- achty (Geraghty) of Muintir-Roduibh, O'Finachty of Clan-Conmaigh ( Clanconoo); another O'Finachty of Clan-Murchadhs,; O’Conceanainn (Concannon) of Hy-Diar- mada; Mae Murchadh of Clan-Tomultach; O’Fallamhain (OF allan) of Clan-Uadach; Mac Diarmada of Tir-Oillesll ( Tirerrill); Tir-Tuathail (7rrood) the country of Fear- tire, Clan-Chuain, Tir) Neachtain, and Tir-n-Enda. Tn the Portion of Breifny. we (Ruaire (Rourke) supreme King of Breithy., Mae Tighearnan ( Trernan) chief of Teallach Dunchadsa (Tadlahanen in Ca- tan): Mae Sambhradain (Mur Gosran) of Teallach-n-Eachach ; Mac Consnambs (Maeda Naw, now Forde) of Chin-Ciona- oth (Clan Keany); Mac Azgaduin (Mae Keegan) of Clan-Fearmuaighe (Glanfarne); Mac 145 gill an Challnoise ; O’ Ra allas an muineip Mao Mhspda; O'Cuino an muinczin n-Hrollagain; agur Mag Maoil Tora an min m-Oneacnarge; agur Mac Fronnbainn ap muineipn-Senaodin; agur mas Ragnaill ap muincin n-Golur; agur O’?Maoilmiadaig an Morgnerre ; asur Ur Cuinn an muínún Feap- sail; O'Maolcluiche an va Chainbpe; Ovh-€adpa agup O’h-Uachmapdan,agur O’Ceapnachémn, agur O'8abhna cig- eanntóc Cuíne; O’Oobelein agur O’Oumncachansé ; cigeapnaba an Cho- painn; Mag €ocha agur Mag Maonarg, asur Magmiaburg cps pean caoipig Mu- ge Cuina iaopde ; O'Oubna, cigeanna O'6-Fiacpach an Tuarreinz, O'Rovba co Coonaix; O’Muimeavharg, O’Sop- mós agur O’Cigeapnarg an Cheapa; O’Hinn an muínsein Mhanoachdéin ; Mac Spanam agur O’Maoil-M cil ap Chon- ca @achlann; O'h-Clinlise an cenel Dob- chaz; O’Ceateapnarg agur O’Céinin ap Chianpnafge muise; O'Maolmumd an clainn Taidz; azgup O’Flomn ap clainn Maoiw pvain; O’Roelédin an chaille pochaizy; Mac Scaizgil dan Choncomoga; agur O’6paoin an loch n-gealzora; O’Maille ap va Umall; OTalchandin an Chonmaicne cule; agup O’Cavla an Conmaicne mapa; Mac Conno: an Hno móin agur O'hao- naw an Gno m-bicc; Mac Clova an cloinn Corgpaiwe ; O’Flancbeanraig an muinap Mupchata; O'Newin agup Mac Giolla Ceallaig agup h-Ui Cle- iz an uib Fiachpach Finn; agur O’Ourbziolla an cenél chind Shatnna ; IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. Mac Dorchey (Darcy) of Cineal-Luach- ain (at the foot of Slieve an Jerin); Mac Flanchy (Clancy) of the Dartry; O’Finn and O’Carroll of the Callraighe (Calry), O’Reilly of Muintir-Maoilmordha; O’Quinn of Muintir-Gilligan (in Longford); Mac Maoiliosa of Moy Breacraighe; Mac Finbar of Muintir-Geradan; Mac Raghnaill (Rey- nolds) of Muintir Eoluis; O’Mael-Miadh- aigh (O’ Mulvey) of Moyneise (in Leitrim); O’Quinn of Muintir-Ferrall; O’ Mul-Clui- che (Stone) of the two Carbries ; O’ Headhra (O'Hara), O’Huamarain, O’Cearnachan, and O’Gara, lords of Luighne (Leyny); O’Dobhelein (Develin) and O'Duncathy, lords of Coran; Mac Keogh, Mac Meany; and Mac Riavy (Afac Creevy), the three ancient chieftains of Moylurg; O’Dubhda (O’ Dowda), lord of North Hy-Fiachrach from (the River) Roba (in Mayo) to Cod- naigh (at Drumeliff in Sligo); O’ Muireadh- aigh (O’furray), O’Gormog, and O’Tighe- arny (O' Tierny), chiefs of Ceara (Carra ba- rony); O’Beirn, chief of Muinter Manach- ain; Mac Branain and O’Maol- Michil (Mul- ville, Melville, Mulvihil, Mitchell), chiefs of Corca-Eachlann ; O'Hanly of Cineal-Dobh- tha; O’Kearney and O’Kerinof Kerry of the Plain; O’Molloy of Clan-Teige ; O’Flinn of Clan-Mulruain; O’Rothlain (Roly) of Caill Fothaigh; Mac Sgaithghil (Sahil) of Corcomogha (Corcomoe); O’Broin of Lochgealgosa; O’Maille of the two Umhalls (Orcles); O’Talcarain of Conmaicne-Cuile (Kilmaine barony); O’Cadhla (O’ Kealy) of Conmaicne-mara ; Mac Conry of Gno- more, O’Adhnaidh (O° Heiney) of Gnobeg ; Mac Aodh (Hughes) of Clan-Cosgraighe ; O'Flaherty 146 agur Mac Fiachna ap ogaib Seachna; agur O’Cazadin an chenel Seona; agur O’Magnaap Chaennióe ; O’Seachnapdang agur O’Caedil, va eigeapna cenedil Cleda. “Cuno ua Manne. “ O’Ceallaig aipo-e1geapna O’Maine. O’Conaill ap Tigeanna ó Shpéin co Ceano muise; O’Neacheain agupO’Ma- oilalois, oa eigeanpna Maonmuige ; O’Mainom, agup clann an Ohdipo, agup O'Sccunna, agurp O'Ceanbáin, agur O’Curpam, augur O'óiallan,agur O° Mai- gin, 8ipé huca bur cageanna ap oinís é pon an luce nuile ne head a nige; O’Cacail, O'Mugpoin, agur O’Maol- puana epi cigeupnaide Cpumeaino ; O'Caobóg uinn an Chala; O’Ma- puddin an ríl n-CÍnmchaóa; agur O'h-Uallachdin beor ; ugup Muc Crve- adain an cloind Oianmaca cua agur ceap; agup Muc Giolla Pinnagiin agur O'Chionaort, an cloinn Flunteamann ; asur O’Oomnalldin ap cloinn Onearail ; ugup O’Donnchavha an chloino Chonp- maic Muonmuige ; agur O’Ourbsind an va Baile x on Ouibgino; agur O’Oocom- lain ap an Giomg; agur O*abpuin an Ohal n-Opuiene ; agup O’Muoilbmig ve Caoireac Murge Finn.” O'Flaherty of Muintir Murchadha ; O'Heidhin (O'Heyne, now Hynes), Mac Kilkelly, and O’Clery of Hy-Fiachra- Finn; O'Duibgioll (Dowell) of Cineal Kin- gamhna; Mac Fiachry of Oga Beathra : O’Cathain (Aane) of Cinel-Seadny: O'Maghna of Kaenry; O'Shaughnessy and O’Cahill, the two lords of Cineal- Aodha. “ In the Portion of Hy-MMaine. “O'Kelly supreme lord. O’Conaill lord of the territory from Grein to Ceann- Muighe (head of the plain); O’Neachtain and O’Maoilaloidh (O’'.VMudlally), the two lords of Maenmoy; O’Mainnin, Clan-en- Bhaird (Ward), O'Scurra, O’Leannain, ()’Cassan, O’Giallain, and O' Maigin, which- ever of these seven happened to be lord, was chieftain over the other tribes during his supremacy; O’Cahill, O’Mugroin, and O’Mulroney, three lords of Crumthann (Cruffun); ©’Laodog lord of the Caladh (’Madadhain (Wadden), chief of Siol- Anmcha ; ©’Huallachain (Cuolaghan) ; Mac Eideadhain, chief of Clan-Dermot North and South; Mac Gilla-Finagan and O'Cinavith (O’Aenny), chiefs of Clan- Flathamain; ©’Dunnellan, chief of Clan- Breasail; O’Donchadha of Clan-Cormac of Maoninoy ; O’ Dugan of the twelve town- lands of O*Dugan; O’Docomhilan of the Eidnigh; ©’Gawran of Dal Druithne; and ()Maol-Bride, chief of Moy-finn.” See Appendix 1. for the chief inhabitants of Connaught, and their possessions, towards the close of the sixteenth century, when the /rish tenures ceased, and the principal lords surrendered to Queen Elizabeth. NOTE 147 NOTE B. See page 2, noled. “ Barony of Clare.” The plains of Magh Seola, which form the present barony of Clare in the County of Galway, were the inheritance of the O’Flaherties and their ancestors, for upwards of 800 years antecedent to the thirteenth century. This district is frequently men- tioned in our annals, and other old writings. The Four Masters commence their celebrated work by stating, that the “ antediluvian nymph” Ceasoir died at Cuil Cesra in Connaught, and that she was interred at Carn Cesra. In our author's Ogyg. p. 162, it appears that Cnoc Meadha Siuil, a well-known hill, now called Knockmaa, near Tuam, in this barony of Clare, was supposed to be, “‘fertur fuisse,” Carn Cesra ; and that Cuil Cesra was near it: and to this day, an ancient carn, or monumental pile of stones, may be seen on the summit of that hill. In this district was fought, in the third century, the famous battle of Magh Mucruimhe, on a plain lying immediately to the west of the town of Athenry; in which battle Art, King of Ireland, was killed. The spot where he fell is still shewn, and is called Turloch Airt. See ante, p. 43, note “. Our author, in Ogyg. p. 329, points to it as situate “ inter Moyvoelam et Kilcornan.” The old castle of Moyvoela is still standing, and to the south of it lies Turloch Airt. It has been observed, that many less remarkable places have been distinguished by monuments in other countries. Not long after this occurrence, the territory or plains of Moy-Seola appear noticed as the scene of some of the apostolic labours of St. Patrick. An old unpublished history of Ireland, preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, informs us, ‘‘ that St. Patrick arrived in Connaught in A. D. 434, and making towards the twenty-four sons of Brian,” see unte, p. 127, ‘‘Echean, the eldest of them, mounting his horse, set spurs to him, and advised the rest of his brethren to do the same, and not to countenance the blessed clergyman; which they all did, save only Duach Galach, the youngest, who, staying on foot, courteously saluted St. Patrick, and tendered him respect and obedience. The holy man went still after Echean, and having overtaken him, asked if he were the man, which he denied; but St. Patrick, notwithstanding, cursed him, saying: ‘if you be Echean, I deprive both you and all your brethren about you of all royalty and felicity, except him only who honoured and cherished me, for my Lord Jesus Christ his sake.’ Then Duach Galach replyed, that if he was the eldest son he would have farther pleased the holy man. St. Patrick blessed him saying, you and your posterity shall be kings over your brethren.” And so it came to pass, for the future kings of Connaught, and the O’Flaherties of Jar-Connaught, and several other great families, were descended from this Duach. The story is, however, variously told; for which see Ogyg. p. 375; the Pedigree of the Hy-Briuin Aoi, by Duald Mac Firbis; and the Tripartite Life, Trias Thaum. p. 203 ; and part ii. ch. 52. But St. Patrick afterwards blessed the sons of Brian, ‘‘ suaque sacra benedictione mu- U2 nivit 148 nais new, acd all the people of Hy-Briuin Seola, “ gentem- t..x aes" te Suilt the church of Domnach-mor, now called teas oY tawh-Sealga, of which considerable remains may be ey Laugh: Hacket. which name it received from one of tho 1 Mo.-Seola, in the thirteenth century, by the Earl of ~ as wey driven westward by the power of the De Burgus.— : ALD. 1300, some of these ** Hackets” accompanied the ss eNpedition to Scotland.—Cal. Rot. Pat. 31 Edw. L sons of the De Burgos to a later period.—Id. Rut. Pat. is otlem was built the castle called Castle Hacket. In vex ris by inquisition, that " the sept of the Hackets was wow Blaeket in Moynter Murcho.” 1. é. in Moy Seola: “and sony celal Magherylary.”"—Jng., Rolle OF In the Com posi- ovo. rr RA in that vear, it appears that * the land of Shane Yo laa Sot Were 34. quarters.” —See Appendix, No. 1, and for é so. uv Rot. Pat. (ge dae. L. p. 2. and 179, p. a. > Aire barony, was thickly eastellated by the settler J ertoenth, and the three succeeding, centuries. The fol- wo castles, with their proprietors, &e.. i extracted from ALD. 4g80.” preserved in the British Museum, Cotton. Baronie of Clare, conteininge Movntazh Mr Hugh. i Ase here reogh, x miles long and vi broude : and Is. alter + ey Burke fitz-Thomas, and MC Creamon (Redmond) chief ON ew ace ef Clare, viear. of Rilmillivan, viear, of Lekagh, viear. tow arhome,— Gent. and castles, Therle of Clanricard, Clare; —ehn Lynch titz- Willian, Yowghules Tybbot Lyogh. we aos Phomas Mh Henry. Ballendutfe: Movler M* Shean. vis éi. Fel, Masse 2 Nicholas Lyneh, Anazheoyne: Henry cl OM Roan, Cloghenwoyrs Ulli MS Reamon, Castle Hackett; a oy. WE Walter's sept. Cahermorise; Moyler Mé Reamon. ; 4 NS si Cloghrin: Redmund MS Movler ADé Roe, Bealelarhome; yet Ao; dh Mr Richard, Comor; William Gaynard, Ca- sv dant, Lasadh; Richard Burke, Corotlyny; James titz- Ambrose, w LL Qwatanenyn: Thomas Ballazh, Beallabeanchere: Jolin Burke tye amdof Deremaciazhlyn ; Murrezl M’ Swyne, Kyleskiegh: - va. Walter Boy, Grange: John é ttz-Jolin titz-Ed., Carnan; - —Realiaveas Tirlazh Caragh M® Swyne, Caliirneticke; Froxe’s Most 149 Most of these thirty-three castles, which we here find inhabited in the barony of Clare, in A. D. 1586, were erected by the De Burgos, but they are now all in ruins. The Four Masters state, that the castle of Coroffyny, Coradhfinne, now Corofin, was built in A. D. 1451, by Mac William himself, i.e. Ulick, son of Ulick an fhiona, and father of Ulick, who, A. D. 1503, defeated O’Kelly [.Melaghlin], lord of Hy-Many, and destroyed his castles of Garbh-doire [Garbally], Muine-an Mheadha [Monivea], and Gallach [ Castleblakeney], places now (1844) well known in the county of Galway. The Four Masters add, that O’Kelly complained of those outrages to the Lord Deputy, Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare; and that his complaint occasioned the memorable battle of Cnoc-Tuadh [the Hill of the Hatchets), fought in this barony of Clare, in A. D. 1504. But that such was the cause of that great and disastrous outbreak, does not seem cre- dible, or consistent with the general policy of the English rulers at the time; which was, not to afford any aid to the native Irish chieftains, or to redress their wrongs, but rather to root them out and seize their lands. And we are elsewhere informed that “the Burkes be of Englishe nacion;” and “ berith mortal hate to the Kelleys.”— State Papers, ii.p.451. But the “ Book of Howthe” expressly states, that the battle of Cnoc-tuadh was occasioned ‘by a private quarrel between the Lord Deputy and De Burgo. As the singularly curious account of that battle, one of “the most bloody that stains the Irish annals,” contained in the old Book of Howth, has not been pub- lished, I am induced to insert it here, from a manuscript in the Library of the Royal Dublin Society, stated to have been taken from that Book, fo. 108, a.—See King’s Collections preserved in that Library. “THE BATTLE OF KNOCKTOW, A. D. 1504. « After this the Earl [of At/dare| married another daughter of his to a great man in Connaught [Mac William of Clanrickard], which was not so used as the Earl could be pleased with; and said he would be revenged upon this Irishman, who stood at defiance with the Earl and all his partakers. The Earl] sent toall the Irish lords that were his friends, as O’Neil, O’Reily, O’Conor of O Faly, and all the power of the English Pale, so many as he could possibly make. For the Earl understood that all the Irish in Ireland were divided between him and his adversarys. They were a great number, whereof he had good experience. ‘Theretore he made better provision of all things; and the best men in all the English Pale, both spiritual and temporal. And being 20 miles off Knocktow, he called the noblemen to councell. Amongst all were certain bishops and men of law. When O’Neill saw them he said: * My Lord of Kildare, command the bishopps to go home and pray. for bishop’s councells ought not to be taken in matters of warr, for their protession is to pray and preach, to make fair weather, and not to be privy to man-slaughter or bloodshed, but in preaching and teaching 150 Aud [ assure you, it is a presumption for any prowd uaitucs are to be done, for it is contrary to his religion.’ ac Sar, what he would do with the judges and men of law air « matters of pleading, nor matters of arguments, nor x .wscussed by pen and ink, but by the bow, speare, and _.. . zeutiemen and men of warr, by their fierce and lofty satay serry, weak and doubtful stomachs of learned men, a. ‘sere teamed ever give good counsaile in matters of csp. ie, staying, or persuading men, in frivolous and «ie ir Laneelot’s doings. Away with them, they are over- ua sis. fer our matter is to be decided by valiant and cui wise men of warr, practised in the same faculty, ‘natters of religion” The Baron of Delvin, called sh that with a glorious tale he could utter é ued and to the Prince, I shall be the first that asin the Irish in this battle. Let him speak now "as ‘unt of Gormanston said, that it was good to be ge atter a good advisement, there shall come a good au wee. Let us understand the matter ere we take .. enany perills may full unless wee take the better awa de quarrell again, and debate the matter whether x ct, and let the King be privy to this weighty and us irt the whole realm in hazard if wee speed not = -s a OU “sa NN ns & te ® «at * er & eo ee BEY against us, and this is so much as I at this ax oo rae clock in the afternoon before the day of battle, Soa teh appointed. Sir Nicholas, lord of Houth, sayd, soccer are Not to be disallowed, let it be as thev have cancels opinion is good, s0O it had been spoke before vat, here is my opinion, seeing the time is short: a hul above two hundred horsemen. Whereunto - we a: Wt a avn at them, and asked of the counsel] to go to want that none should go until they had gone all; eatleman, at which young Gerot was very SOrTy, a" re Wc NAA ma 1 a Ln Ves ef hung. "Wells said the Lord of Howth, "to ca. matter Was determined before we came hitber Sep werw hot, the time is not now to argue the case, the displeasure of uur Prince, if wee win this battle, . man . . Geena AA ib w 151 as I am sure we shall, though the King frown a little with his countenance, his heart will rejoice. And admit he will be offended upon losing this field, he that shall live let him beare the blame or burthen, as for my part I am assured to win this battle or to loose my life, and then all the world is gone with me, vayell que vayell pourya, for I will be afoot in the wayward that day myself. But to the matter. Let us send away our sons and heires to revenge our quarrell, if need so require; and pre- scribe our battles in perfect order this night, that every man shall know to-morrow his charge. For it is not when we shall go to fight, that we should be troubled with discussing the matter.’ é “é Well,’ sayed the Earle, ‘ my dear cousin, you have well spoken; be it as you now have said.’ ‘ No,’ said young Gerot the Earl’s son, ‘ by God's blood I will not go hence and leave so many of my friends in battle, for I mean to live and die among you.’ ‘ All well,’ said the Lord of Houth, ‘boy, thou speakest natural, for ever this kind is such from this first generation, and first coming into Ireland, so thou art to be born withall, thou worthy gentleman and lyon’s heart.’ The lords of Killeen and Trimelston thought the number of Irishmen to be very great, as they were certainly informed by certain spies, which brought them word, that the number of the English side were not the sixth man to a man; and said in plain terms, ‘that a good giving back were better than an evill standing, and in further time better provision might be made to serve such a turn.’ ‘It is well spoken,’ said the Baron of Slane, and Lord of Dunsany. ‘ Good God,’ said the Lord of Houth, ‘ by our Lady that is blessed in the north church of Houth, you four might have spoken those words in some other ground than this is, and our enemies now being in sight, and the night at hand.’ é «Well, said the Earl, ‘call me the Captain of the Gallowglass, for he and his shall begin this game, for it is less fair of them four, than it is of our younger men.’ ‘I am glad, said the Captain, ‘you can do me no more honour; and took his axe in his hand and began to flourish. ‘ No,’ said the Lord of Houth, ‘I will be the beginner of this dance, and my kinsmen and friends; for we will not hazard our English good upon the Irish blood. Howbeit it is well spoken by the Captaine of the Gallowglass, nor shall they not be mixed among us. Then all things was according to the matter prepared; the bowmen put in two wings, of which the Lord of Gormanston and Killeen had the charge, being good men that day. The bill-men in the main battle, of which the Lord of Houth was leader; and in the wayward himself. The Gallowglass and the Irish in another quarter. The horsemen on the left side the battle, under the guiding of the worthy Baron of Delvin, by reason there was a little wall of two foot high of the other side the battle, which would somewhat have troubled the horse. After all things put in order, they went to supper, 152 supper, and after. their lodging to rest the residue of the night. The ground was appointed, and all such things as were necessary for such a purpose. " At midnight, a horsemun came from the Irish camp to the Earl, and willed him to get him away, and save his life; and said, it was but folly to fight. For this man was, afore this time, a horse-boy to the Earl, and gave him first horses. The Earl came incontinent to the Lord of Houth, being in a sound sleep, to tell it him, and a lone while he was e’re he could wake him, for he called upon him divers times; at which the Earl marvelled, for he could not awake him by his voice, he slept so sound: and at length he awoke by stirring of him, and blamed him, who answered, that al) things before were determined in his mind, and so nothing else in his mind to trouble him but sleepe. ‘For it must be ours or theirs,’ said the Lord of Houth, ‘therefore my mind is settled, but before this Í could not rest well? * Well,’ said the Earl, ‘how is the business? This man is come to me as a trusty friend,” and so told the whole matter, as he told the Earl before. * Well,’ said the Lord of Houth, ‘suffer him to pass, and 1 pray you tell this tale to no more, for it will rather do harm than good And with that he arose and incontinent after the day appeared. And so they went and prepared themselves in good order of battle, and did appoint voung Gerot, a valiant young gentleman, with a choice company for reliefe; fearing so great a number of enemies would inelose them about, being far less in number than the Irish, as O’Relly, AL William, O'Brene, and the rest. AML that night was watching, and drinking, and plaving at cards, whe should have this prisoner or that prisoner, and thus they passed the night over; and at morrow they prepared for battle, in such order as their custom was. They sett forward their Gallowglass and footmen in one main battle, and all their horse on their left side, and socame on, The Earl of Kildare, after his battle set, willed that they should stand within that little wall of two foot high, that was made afore by those that dwelt there for safeguard of their horses; and rede upon a black horse, and made this oration : "a My friends and kinsmen, | say to vou that here is aguinst us a great number of people, without weapons; for a great number of them have but one speare and a knite, without wisdom or good order, they march to battle as drunken as swine to a trough, which makes them more rash and foolish men. than wise and valiant Remember all that wee have done rests upon this day's service: and also the honour ef our Prince, and remember how we are in a country unknewn to the most number of us, and farr from our townes and castles.” The Earl did not well finish these words, when they heard three great eries that disturbed his oration. A company of tall worthy gentlemen being in the fore part of the English battle, amongst all was Hollywood 153 Hollywood of Artain, which seldom heard the like. ‘ What meaneth this cry,” said he, ‘do they think that we are crows that we will fly with crying;’ and sware by the holy St. Nicholas that blesses Artain, ‘they shall find us men ere we depart.’ With that, the Irish gallowglass came on, to whom the English archers lent such a shower of arrows, that their weapons and their hands were fastened together. M*° Swine, captain of the Irish gallowglass, came foremost, and asked where was great Darcy? Darcy answered that he was at hand, which he should well understand. With that, Mc Swine struck Darcy such a blow upon the helmet that he put him upon his knees. With that, Nangle, Baron of the Nowan, being a lusty gentleman, that day gave M¢ Swine such payment, that he was satisfied ever after. They fought terrible and bould awhile. The Irish fled, among whom there came a horseman running among the English, and asked who had the Earl of Kildare and the rest of the lords of the English Pale prisoners. With that one Skynvors [Sguyvors in another copy], a souldier out of Dublin, struck him with a gun, with both his hands, and so let out his brains. The young Gerot this time being left for reliefe, seeing the battle join, could not stand still to wait his time, as he was appointed by the Earl his father, but set on with the foremost, in such sort that no man alive could do better with his own hands, than he did that day, for manhood of a man. But by reason of his hastyness not tarrying in the place appointed, all the English carriage was taken by the Irish horse, and a few of the English gentlemen taken prisoners that was on that side the battle. When the battle was done, and a great number of Irish slain, as it was reported nine thousand, the Lord of Gormanston said to the Earl, ‘ Wee have done one good work, and if wee do the other wee should do well.’ Being asked what he meant, sayed he, ‘wee have, for the most number, killed our enemies; and if wee do the like with all the Irishmen that wee have with us, it were a good deed.’ é This battle was fought the 19th day of August, 1504, at Knocktow, which is from Galway 5 miles. The hill is not high but a great plain. The greatest of the Irish was Richard Burke, father to Ulick ne Kyen. M* William Eytragh, that is also of the Bourkes, at this time was with the Earl. The O’Briens was with M° William. The Baron of Delvin, a little before the joining of the battle, took his horse with his spurs, and threw a small spear among the Irish, and slew by chance one of the Bourkes, and returned. The Earl said to him that he kept promise well, and well did and worthy, saving that after his throw he retired back. After, they went to Galway, where the Irish gathered again, and said they would give to the Earl another field; but they durst not ever fight a battle with the English Pale. The Earl bestowed 30 tun of wine among the army. There was a sore fight after between M° William east, and M‘William of the west. By reason at that field aforesaid, they held not together; IRISH ARCH. SOC. NO. IS. X but 154 but he of the east had the worse. The Earl] of Kildare was made knight of the garter, after the fight of Knocktow.” The foregoing description of the celebrated “field of Knocktoe,” in the old histori- cal romance style, was apparently penned by a friend or retainer of the Howth family (probably some troubadour of the Pale), who flattered his patrons, but perverted the truth. ‘That the narrator was ignorant of many leading facts connected with the subject, or that he has wilfully misrepresented them, appears from contemporaneous evidence of the highest authority. Thus, he has described the Anglo-Norman Clan- rickard as a mere Irishman; and has next asserted that “O'Neill” was engaged in the battle, on the side of the lord deputy; but the contrary of this is recorded in the Annuals of Ulster, A.D. 1504. Thither (40 Anocktow) “ went O’Donnel, O'Reilly, Mac Mahon, O'Farrell, O'Connor Faly, and all the Gaedhil of Leath Chuinn, excepting (Y Neill, alone,—7 Oaeoil leice Cuinn uile, acc mad O’Neill amáin,” See the copy of these Annals in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Ware reduces the number of slain at Knocktow, from nine thousand to two thousand.— Annals, A. D. 1504. The speeches attributed to the leaders, and the night scene between Howth and Kildare, are all imaginary, and well adapted for dramatic representation. The Book of Howth, from which the narrative has been taken, is a miscellaneous compilation of the sixteenth century; supposed to have been made for Christopher, the blind Baron of Howth, who died A. D. 1589; and who was grandson of that * lord of Howth,” who is said to have performed so conspicuous a part in the battle. This book, for more than a century past, was supposed to be lost, but it has been recently discovered by Mr. O*Donovan, among the Carew MSS. preserved in the library of his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, London, where it lay catalogued under a wrong title. “The recovery of this book may be useful, if only to expose the origin of those fables, which Hanmer, Stanihurst, Cox, Leland, and other writers have advanced us true historical facts. From it, Hanmer published his accounts of Sir John De Courcy, and Sir Armuric St. Lawrence, ancestor of the Howth family. It likewise appears to have been consulted by Ussher and Ware. See the MS. F. 4, 4 Trinity College Library, Dublin. Alsou F. 4, 30, for " Extracts out of the Book of Howth, penes Thomas Stafford, Esq, very false in many particulars.” By those best acquainted with our records and history, it has never been considered of authority, nor held in any other hight than as a compilation of Anglo-Irish fables, invented to flatter and amuse the inhabitants of the Pale. NOTE C. See page 3. net. " Enachdun” In the sixth century, Aedha, the son of Eochy Tirmcharna, King of Connaught, bestowed Enachdun en Goud and Breanuinn (St Brendan of Clenfert), " Qooa mac E€ . a 155 Eataé Tiopmecapna mic Pheangura po chiodnuic Eanacouin vo Ohia azgur do Ohpeanuinn an cup.” —Book of Ballymote, p. 54. The first ecclesiastical foundation here was a nunnery of canonesses of the order of St. Augustine, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary (Ware), established by St. Brendan, who placed his sister Briga over it; and died here himself, according to the Annals of Tigernach, in A. D. 577; but according to the Four Masters (who here anticipate the common era by one year) on the 16th of May, A. D. 576. See Ussher, in Primord. p. 955, who states that Enachdun was “in provincia Connachtarum in plebe Huabruin.” An abbey of Canons Regular, or. Premonstratenses of the order of St. Augustine, was also founded here at an early period (Ware), but by whom is not stated. Enachdun was afterwards erected into a bishop’s see, probably by the chiefs of Hy-Briuin Seola, the progenitors of the O’Fla- herties; but there is no regular list or account extant of its ancient bishops. It is not named among the five sees of Connaught regulated at the synod held at Rath Breasaill, in Leaghes (the present Queen’s County), A. D. 1110. Those sees were: 1. Tuaim da Gualan; 2. Cloinefeart Brenuin; 3. Conga; 4. Cilalladh; 5. Ardcharna. The see of Cong soon after this ceased; or, as is most likely, the episcopal chair was transferred to Enachdun, which is but a few miles distant. This synod made the following decree respecting Connaught: “If the clergy of Connaught be satisfied with the division, we are well pleased, but if not, let the division be made according to their own pleasure; onlie they shall have but five bishops in the province of Connaught.” Harris, in Ware, was in the dark with respect to this synod; and even Dr. Lanigan himself appears not to have been fully informed on the subject. Seech. 25, ss. 13, 14. An account of this synod will be found in an old unpublished History of Ireland, preserved in manuscript in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. Ware, in his Antiq., cap. xvi. mentions ex antiquo codice, “ Tuathal O’Connaigtaig episcopus Huam- bruin, i. Enachdunensis,” as present at the synod of Kells, A. D. 1152, but Ware’s explanation of Huambruin by Enachdun is doubtful; besides, no such bishop appears in the lists of Keating or Colgan, which are acknowledged accurate. Ware also states, in his Annals, since the coming of the English, that Concors, Bishop of Enachdun, with other Irish prelates, was present at the British Council held in A. D. 1189. See also Lanigan, c. 31,8. 7. At A.D. 1201, the Four Masters record the death of Conn O’Mellaigh (O’ Malley), bishop of this see, and a bright ornament of the Church. A. D. 1238, the Cloic Ceaé, tower or steeple of Enachdun, was built.—ZJd.; but no trace of it now remains. A. D.1241, Muircheartach O’Flaherty, Bishop of Enachdun, died.—Jd. A.D. 1250, Thomas O’Meallaigh, Bishop of Enachdun, died.—Jd. On the death of the latter, Bishop Concord was consecrated, but Florence Mac Flin, Arch- bishop of Tuam, entered on the see, and retained it against him. See Harris in Ware, X 2 who 156 quotes from Prynne some of the documents connected with this long continued dispute, particularly Archbishop Mac Flin’s extraordinary petition to Hen. ITI. A. D. ian, which states that “the church of Enachduin was but a parish church belonging to Tuam.” In A.D. 1268, Hugh, the son of Connor O'Flaherty, official of Enachdun, died.—Four Masters. By the Close Roll, 2 Edw. 11., A. D. 1309, it appears that one Gilbert, a Friar Minor, was elected to this see by the Dean and Chapter, but without license; and that the King, for a fine of £300, restored the temporalities.—Calendar, -p. 7. No, 12. This bishop is not mentioned by Ware, Harris, or Lanigan. In A.D. 1324, Thomas O'Malley, Bishop of Enachdun, died at Rome, according to the Four Masters; but the Annals of Loughkee, quoted by Ware, state that he died at Avignon, in A. 1). 1324, which was after the union of the see of Enachdun to Tuam.—War, In A. 1). 1400, the church of Annadown (Hnackdun), was built by O'Flaherty (2iugh Mor), chief of his name.—Sce an entry to that effect in the Herald’s Office, Dublin; but it is probable that the church was only repaired, or partially re-edified, at the time, In A.D. (411. the monastery was burned.—Four Masters. In A.D. 1484, the parish church of St. Nicholas of the town of Galway, being in the diocese of Enachdun, wis erected into a collegiate church, and endowed with several ecclesiastical benefices which formerly belonged to that see—Hist. Galway, p. 234. After the Suppression, the possessions of Enachdun were granted to the Earl of Clanricarde and others— Archdall, 78y. All the buildings there are now in ruins. The following Bulls of Popes Innocent VITE, Alexander VI., and Julius H., A. D. 1487-0508, relating to the diocess of Kaachdan, have been transcribed by the Editor from the originals preserved In the old Ce Heviate Library of Galway ; and they are here inserted for the cogent reason assigned by De Burgy, for introducing similar docu- nents: “Ne pro consueto Hibernoruin infortunio, ne dicam negligentia, prorsus de memoria hominum deleantur."—J0, Dom. p. 440. I, ii Bulla pre Par. de (rromee), a. D). 1487. © Lecta in anudientia, A Zenua, locum tenen. “Tnnocentius episcopus servus servorum Dei, dilectis filiis Johanni de Burgo et Nemee Maguelly canontels ecelesic Enachdunensis ac oflicialibus Enachdunensibus, salu- tera ef wpostolieam benedietionem. Apostolice sedis providentia circumspecta ad ea Jl nter intendit per que in sinzulis eeclesiis continue benedicatur altissimus, ac per- woneceee}esinstice in ills divinis laudibus insistentes, temporalium rerum, sine quibus spourttualia din subsistere nun possunt, ubertate fruantur. Cum itaque, sicut acce- pimus, 157 pimus, rectoria parrochialium ecclesiarum de Gnobeg, Enachdunensis diocesis, invicem unitaram que de jure patronatus laicorum existet, ex eo quod dilectus filius Mauritius Offlaghart, olim rectoriam predictam, tunc certo modo vacantem et canonice sibi colla- tam, assecutus, illamque per annum et amplius pacifice possidens, se non fecit, impedi- mento cessante legitimo, nullaque per eum super hoc dispensacione obtenta ad aliquem ex sacris ordinibus promoveri, vacet ad presens, et tanto tempore vacaverit quod ejus collatio, juxta Lateranensis statuta concilii, est ad sedem predictam legitime devoluta, licet prefatus Mauritius, rectoriam predictam, sic vacante, nullo titulo, nullove juris adminiculo sibi de novo quesito, sed temeritate propria et de facto per nonnullos annos detinuerit, prout adhuc detinet indebite occupatam. Et ut exhibita nobis nuper, pro parte dilectorum filiorum moderni rectoris, Guardiani nuncupati, et octo presbiterorum ecclesie Sancti Nicholai ville Gallvie, dicte diocesis, inibi inter se collegium auctoritate apostolica constituentium, petitio continebat si rectoria predicta masse communium fractuum, reddituum et proventuum dicte ecclesie Sancti Nicholai, qui inter rectorem deservire tenentur, dividuntur, et ad ipsorum sustentacionem non sufficient, perpetuo uniretur, annecteretur, et incorporaretur, ex hoc profecto commoditatibus rectoris et octo presbiterorum predictorum plurimum consuleretur, pro parte rectoris et presbi- terorum offerentium masse quadraginta, et rectorie predictarum duodecim marcharum sterlingorum fructus, redditus et proventus, secundum communem estimationem valo- rem annuum non excedere, nobis fuit humiliter supplicatum, ut rectoriam predictam eidem masse perpetuo unire, annectere et incorporare, aliasque in premissis oportune providere, de benignitate apostolica dignaremur. Nos igitur, qui dudum inter alia, voluimus, statuimus et ordinavimus, quod quicunque beneficium ecclesiasticum tunc per annum immediate precedentem pacifice possessum, et quod certo modo vacare pre- tenderet, deinceps impetraret quot annis illud ipse possessor possedisset in hujusmodi impetratione exprimere deberet et teneretur, alioquin impetracio predicta, et quecun- que indesecuta, nullius existerent firmitatis, quamque de predictis certam noticiam non habemus, prefatos rectorem et presbiteros ac eorum singulos a quibus excommunica- tionis, suspensionis et interdicti, aliisque ecclesiasticis sentenciis, censuris et penis, a jure vel ab homine, quavis occasione vel causa latis, si quibus quomodolibet innodati existunt, ad effectum presentium duntaxat consequendum, harum serie absolventes, et absolutos fore censentes, necnon tempus per quod prefatus Mauritius dictam rectoriam detinuit pro expresso habentes, hujusmodi supplicationibus inclinati, discretioni vestre, per apostolica scripta, mandamus, quatenus vos vel duo aut unus vestrum, si vocatis dicto Mauritio et aliis qui fuerint evocandi, rectoriam predictam, ut premittitur, vel alias quovis modo aut ex alterius cujuscunque persona, seu per liberam resignationem dicti 158 dicti Mauritii, vel alicujus alterius de illa extra Romanam Curiam, etiam coram notario publico et testibus sponte factam, aut constitutionem felicis recordationis Johannis Pape XXII., predecessoris nostri, que incipit ' Execrabilis,’ vel assecutionem alterius beneficii ecclesiastici, ordinaria auctoritate, collati, vacare et quoad unionem hujus- modi premissa fore vera reppereritis rectoriam predictam, etiam si dispositioni aposto- lice specialiter reservata existat, et super ea inter aliquos lis cujus statum presentibus haberi volumus, pro expresso pendeat indecisa, dummodo tempore dati presentium non sit in ea alicui jus specialiter quesitum, et ad id dictorum patronorum et aliorum, quorum interest, expressus accedat assensus, cum omnibus juribus et pertinenciis suis, eidem masse, auctoritate nostra, perpetuo unire, annectere et incorporare curetis. Ita quod liceat extunc rectori et presbiteris prefatis, per se vel alium seu alios, corporalem rectorie, Juriumque et pertinenciarum predictorum, possessionem propria auctoritate libere apprehendere ac perpetuo retinere, illorumque fructus, redditus et proventus in suos ac masse et rectorie predictorum usus utilitatemque convertere, diocesani loci et cujusvis altcrius licentia, alias super hoc minime requisita. Non ob- stantibus voluntate, statuto et ordinacione nostris predictis, ac pie memorie Bonifacti Pape VIII. etiam predecessoris nostri, ct aliis apostolicis constitutionibus contrariis quibuscunque. Aut si aliqui super provisionibus sibi faciendis, de hujusmodi vel aliis beneficiis ecclesiasticis in ilis partibus, speciales vel generales, dicte sedis vel legatorum ejus litteras impetrarint, etiam si per eas ad inhibitionem, reservationem et decretum, vel alias quomodolibet sit processum, quas quidem litteras et processus habitos per easdem ac indesecuta quecunque ad rectoriam hujusmodi volumus non extendi, sed nullum per hoc eis, quo ad assecutionem beneficiorum aliorum, prejudicium generari, et quibuslibet aliis privilegiis, indulgentiis et litteris apostolicis, generalibus vel spe- cialibus, quorumcunque tenorum existant, per que presentibus non expressa vel tote- liter non inserta, effectus earum impediri valeat quomodolibet vel differri, et de quibus quorumdque totis tenoribus habenda sit in nostris litteris mencio specialis. Proviso qood propter unionem, annexiunem et incorporationem predictas, si ille, vigore presen- tium, fiant, et ctfectum sorciuntur, dicta rectoria debitis non fraudetur obsequiis, et animaruin cura in ca nullatenus nevligatur, sed ejus congrue supportentur onera cone sueta, Nous enim ex nunc irritum decernimus et inane, si secus super hiis a quoquam, quavis auctoritate, scienter vel ignoranter, contigerit attemptari. Datum Rome spud Sanctum Petruin, Anno Incarnationis Dominice, millesiino, quadringentesimo octuse gusimo septime. Quarto Idus Februari, Pontificatus nostri anno quarto.” [Sub plumbeo sigilly pendente a filo canabeo}. 159 II. “ Bulla pro Skryne et Muchulin, A. D. 1492. “Innocentius episcopus, servus servorum Dei, ad perpetuam rei memoriam. Ex injuncto nobis de super apostolice servitutis officio, ed ea libenter intendimus, per que personarum ecclesiasticarum, presertim in ecclesiis quibuslibet divinis laudibus insis- tencium, commodo et utilitati consuli possit, et hiis que propterea perinde facta fuisse dicuntur, ut firma perpetuo et illibatu persistant libenter, cum a nobis petitur, apos- tolici adjicimus muniminis firmitatem. Sane pro parte dilectorum filiorum, universo- rum presbiterorum et clericorum ecclesie Sancti Nicholai ville Galvie, Enachdunensis diocesis, nobis nuper exhibita petitio continebat: quod alim perpetuis vicariis parrochi- alium ecclesiarum de Slreyne et Maguily/, Tuamensis et dicte Enachdunensis diocesúm, tunc certo modo vacantibus, venerabilis frater noster modernus Archiepiscopus Tua- mensis, et Episcopus Enachdunensis attendens exilitatem fructuum, reddituum et proventuum collegii presbiterorum et clericorum predictorum, qui in dicta ecclesia Sancti Nicholai continue divinis officiis insistunt, vicarias predictas, sic vacantes, eidem collegio, ordinaria auctoritate, perpetuo univit, annexuit et incorporavit, prout in quibusdam litteris autenticis dicti Archiepiscopi et Episcopi desuper confectis, dicitur plenius contineri. Cum autem, sicut eadem petitio subjungebat, a nonnullis de juribus unionis, annexionis et incorporationis predictarum beneficetur, pro parte presbiterorum et clericorum predictorum asserentium, quod ipsi unionis, annexionis et incorporationis predictarum vigore, dictarum vicariarum possessionem assecuti fuerunt, quodque fructus, redditus et proventus dictarum vicariarum quatuordecim marcharum sterlin- gorum, secundum communem extimacionem, valorem annuum non excedunt, nobis fuit humiliter supplicatum ut unioni, annexioni et incorporationi predictis, pro Ularum subsistencia firmiori, robur apostolice confirmacionis edducere, ac potiori pro cautela dictas vicarias eidem Collegio de novo perpetuo unire, annectere et incorporare, alias- que in premissis oportune providere, de benignitate apostolica dignaremur. Nos igitur, qui dudum inter alia volumus, quod petentes beneficia ecclesiastica aliis uniri tenerentur exprimere verum valorem, secundum communem extimationem etiam beneficii cui aliud uniri peteretur. Alioquin unio non valeret, et semper in unionibus comissio fieret ad partes vocatis quorum interesset, et idem observaretur in confirmationibus unionum factarum, prefatos presbiteros et clericos eorumque singulos a quibusvis ex- communicationis, suspensionis et interdicti, aliisque ecclesiasticis sententiis, censuris et penis, a jure vel ab homine quavis occasione vel causa latis, si quibus quomodolibet innodati existunt, ad effectum presentium duntaxat consequendum harum serie, absol- ventes, et absolutos fore censentes, ac verum ultime dictarum vicariarum vacationis modum 160 modum, etiam si ex illo quevis generalis reservatio resultet, ac fructuum, reddituum et proventuum illarum verum annuum valorem, presentibus pro expressis habentes, hujusmodi supplicacionibus inclinati, unionem, annexionem et incorporationem pre- dictas, ac prout illas concernunt omnia et singula in dictis litteris contenta, et inde secuta quecunque, auctoritate apostolica, tenore presentium, approbamus et confir- mamus, ac, presentis scripti patrocinio, communimus, supplentes omnes et singulos defectus, si qui forsan intervenerint in eisdem. Et nichilominus potiori pro cautela, vicarias predictas, quovis modo, et ex cujuscunque persona, seu per liberam resigns- tionem alicujus de illis, extra Romanam curiam, etiam coram notario publico, et testibus sponte factam aut constitutionem felicis recordationis Johannis Pape XXIL predeces- soris nostri que incipit ' Exeerabilis,’ vel assecutionem alterius beneficii ccclesiastici, dicta ordinaria auctoritate collati, vacet, etiam si tanto tempore vacaverint quod earum collatio, Juxta Lateranensis statuta concilil (eat), ad sedem apostolicam legitime devo- luta, ipseque vicarie disposition) apostolice specialiter reservate existant, et super eis, inter aliquos lis cujus statum presentibus haberi volumus pro expresso pendeat indecisa, dummodo tempore dati presentium non sit in eis alicul spcialiter jus quesitum, cum omnibus juribus et pertinenciis suis, cidem collegio, auctoritate apostolica prefata, earundem tenore presentium, de nove perpetuo unimus annectimus et incorporamus. Ita quod heeat presbiteris et clericis pretatis, per se vel alium seu alios, corporalem juriumque et pertinentiarum predictarum possessionem, propria auctoritate libere apprehendere, ac perpetuo retinere, ilorumque fructus, redditus et proventus in suos ac collegii et vieariarum predictarum usus, utilitatemque convertere, diocesani loci et cum suis alterius licentia super hoe nuinime requisita. Non obstantibus voluntate nostra predicta, ac ple memorie Bonitaeit Pape VIE. etiam predecessoris nostri, et aliis apostolicis constitutionibus contraris quibuscunque, Aut si aliqui super provisi- onibus sibi faciendis, de hujusmodi vel als beneficiis ecelesiasticis in ilhs partibas, speciales vel generales, diete sedis vel legatorum ejus, litteras impertrarunt, etiam per eas ad inhibitionem, reservationem et decretum, vel alias quomodolibet sit promis- sum, quasquidem litteras ac processus habites per cadem, et inde secuta quecunque, ad dictas viearias, volumus non extendi, sed nulluin per hoe eis quoad assecutionem bene- ficivrum aliorum preyudicium venerari, et quibuslibet aliis privilegiis, indulgentiis et litteris apostolieis, generalibus vel specialibus, quorumeunque tenorum existunt, per que presentibus non expressa, vel totaliter non inserta, effeetus corum impediri valeat quomodolibet vel ditferri, et de quibus quorumaue totis tenoribus habenda sit in nose tris litters mentio specialis. Proviso quod propter unionem, annexionem et incorpo= rationem predictas, dicte vieame debitis non fraudentur obsequiis et animarum cure in cis nullutenus negligatur, sed illarum congrue supportentur onera consueta, Nos 161 enim exnunc irritum decernimus et inane, si secus super hiis a quoqam, quavis aucto- ritate, scienter vel ignoranter, contigerit attemptari. Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat hanc paginam nostre absolutionis, approbationis, confirmationis, communicationis, suppletionis, unionis, annexionis, incorporationis, voluntatis et decreti infringere, vel ei, ausu temerario,contraire. Si quis autem hoc attemptare presumpserit, indignationem omnipotentis Dei, et beatorum Petri et Pauli apostolorum ejus, se noverit incursu- rum. Datum Rome apud Sanctum Petrum, Anno Incarnationis Dominice, millesimy, quadringentesimo, nonagesimo secundo. Quarto Non. Junii, Pontificatus nostri anno octavo.” [Sub plumbeo sigillo pendente a filo canabeo. | ITT. " Bulla pro Scrine et Clonbirn. “A.D. 1495. “ Alexander episcopus. servus servorum Dei, dilectis filiis Magonio O’Maynar et Johannem O’Beryn ac Nemee Magnell, canonicis ecclesie Tuamensis, salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Vite ac morum honestas, aliaque laudabilia probitatis et virtutum merita, super quibus dilectus filius Johannes Bremechian clericus Tuamensis diocesis, apud nos fide digno commendatur testimonio, nos inducunt ut sibi reddamur ad gratiam liberales. Cum itaque, sicut accepimus, vicaria de Scryn, custodia reli- quiarum sancti Yerlahey nuncupata”™, et alia de Cloinberyn alias de Bocherayn, par- rochialium ecclesiarum dicte diocesis perpetue vicarie, vacent ad presens, et tanto tempore vacaverint, quod earum collatio, juxta Lateranensis statuta concilu, est ad sedem apostolicam legitime devoluta, licet rector, Wardianus nuncupatus, ac Colle- gium presbiterorum ecclesie ville Galvye, Enachdunensis diocesis, de Scryn, et Donaldus O’Hirraley, qui pro presbitero se gerit, dilecti filii de Cloinberyn, ecclesiarum vicarias hujusmodi, nullo titulo, nullove juris. adminiculo eis desuper suffragante, sed temeri- tate propria, et de facto, per certum tempus detinuerunt, prout adhuc detinent, indebite occupatas. Nos, qui dudum inter alia voluimus, statuimus, et ordinavimus, quod quicunque beneficium ecclesiasticum tunc per annum immediate precedentem pacifice possessum, et quod certo modo vacare pretenderet, extunc deinceps impetraret quot annis illud ipse possessor possedisset, in hujusmodi impetratione exprimere de- beret et teneretur, alioquin impetratio predicta, et quecunque inde secuta, nullius ex- isterent firmitatis, volentes prefato Johanni, qui ut asserit in decimo septimo sue etatis anno constitutus existit, ac non obstante defectu natalium quem patitur de conjugato genitus, ™ Vide War. De Prwxsul. Hib. IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. Y 162 yenitus, et soluta clericali caractere rite insignitus fuit, premissorum meritorum suorum intuitu, graciam facere specialem, ipsumque Johannem a quibuscunque excommunica- tionis, suspensionis et interdicti, aliisque ecclesiasticis sentenciis, censuris et penis, a jure vel ab homine quavis occasione vel causa latis, siquibus quomodolibet innodatus existit. ad effectum presentium duntaxat consequendum, harum serie abgolventes, et absolutum fore censentes, ac verum ultime dictarum vicariarum vacationis, modum etiam si ex ilo quevis generalis reservatio resultet, necnon tempus per quod rector ac presbiteri De Seryn, neenon Donaldus prefati de Cloinberyn, vicarias hujusmodi detinuerunt presentibus pro expressis habentes, discretion vestre, per apostolica scripta, man- damus, quatenus vos vel duo aut unus vestrum, si vocatis rectore ac presbiteris et Donaldo prefatis, ac aliis qui fuerint evocandi, Vicarias predictas quibusvis modis et ex quorumeunque personis, seu per liberas resignationes aliquorum de illic, extra Romanam curiam, etiam coram Notario Publico et testibus sponte factas, aut consti- tutionem felicis reeordationis Johannis Pape XAIT., predecessoris nostri, que incipit *Execrabilis,’ vel assecutionemalterius benefici ecelesiastic? ordinariaauctoritate collati, vacare repperitis, illas quarum insimul fructus, redditus et proventus octo marcharum sterlingorum, secundum communem estimationem valorem annuum, ut idem Johannes etiam asserit, non execedunt, etiam) si disposition? Apostolice specialiter reservate ex- istunt, et super eis inter aliquos lis, eujus statum presentibus haberi nolumus, pro expresso pendeat indecisa, dummodo tempore dati presentium non sit in eis alicui t Sve vessels manned with the best of his troops: -mwm& of one vessel and several men. The Bourkes, ~~. 2 rutreated with their wives and children across - ~.. demolished the castle, and caused Richard oge, ~ .? Mac William Bourke, to be put to death. - a Four Masters, at A. D. 1 586; but it will be Sytac.’s wn narrative in Stowe’s Chronicle, London, “a 4 tas voung chief caused a great sensation at the - ais A.D. 1595; and to it the accused Governor vas. ge commonly called the Perall of Ireland. www. for, pretending to do service, laide a plot in sx oy seserall rebellion within that County, having mas sypeareth by an act then sett down under a cr mere of the councell of the province, which was tt the whole proceeding ; and likewise with ... ee“ themselves, Sir Richard having no other ; twwason of the great troubles; and that he r. manner of discontentment or feare to any. wet’ . -." airi” ee their hands; but all those matters Sir LÁ sis acquitted by the Councell.” See the sea tire Cotton Library, British Museum, Titus esc 1 have not found, but suppose that they sacs of the reign of Elizabeth. To the future , inland, they will be indispensable. NA “t~ hn ** Inis an Ghaill" vex wana, mentioned by our author, “ that dedicated ike w.. the primitive Irish churches, it is divided Slat eps cadeated to the Gall Crathhtheach, literally es the 187 “the devout foreigner,” is now called Teampull na Naomh, the church of the Saint, and is a highly-finished specimen of the religious houses erected by the Irish from the eighth to the eleventh century, but it has suffered much by time. It lies a short distance to the south-east of the church of St. Patrick, and an old winding road or passage, which led from the one to the other, may still be traced. It is not impro- bable that this “‘devout foreigner” was the holy priest, Egbert, mentioned by Bede, Lili. c.27. The nave of the church or chapel dedicated to St. Patrick is about twenty-two feet long, and thirteen broad. The choir arch is still standing. The doorway, three concentric arches, is formed of red grit stone. At the south-east corner of the church is a square tomb, probably that of archbishop Muirges O’Nioc, who died in this island in A. D. 1128, as mentioned above, and in the Annals of Ulster and Four Masters. At a small distance to the southwest is a small perpen- dicular headstone of hard granite, three feet over ground, and five inches square, which bears the following inscription: ‘‘ Lie Lugnaedon macc Lmenueh.” The stone of Lugnaedon, the son of Limenueh. This Limenueh, or Liamain, otherwise called Darerca, was sister of St. Patrick; and Lugnaedon is styled his dala or alumnus in the Irish Martyrologies.—See the Book of Lecan, 43 (a, 6), Trias Thaum. 226. (b.), and Acta SS. 716. This is considered the oldest Christian monument as yet discovered in Ireland. The inscription is in the Roman characters of the fifth century. An attempt to decipher it may be seen noticed in a publication which was popular in its day, entitled the Irish Magazine, printed in Dublin, June, 1810, p. 256. ‘‘ It is written in the hard Irish, or virgin” [by this word was probably meant virgular | characters, and is in English: ‘ Underneath this stone lie Goill, Ardan, and Sionan.’”’ This was utterly unworthy of notice, and would not be alluded to here, except to shew the lamentable ignorance which then prevailed, when none could be found ca- pable of reading and explaining an inscription, which required but ordinary know- ledge of the language and history of Ireland. It becomes necessary here to notice an oversight of the learned translator and editor of the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, Doctor O’Conor. In both these Annals, at the entry of the death of Murges O’Nioc, Archbishop of Tuam, A. D. 1128, Imp an gZurll, where he is stated to have died, appears translated “ insulis Alienigenarum,” and in the Annals of Ulster this is explained, “: (i.e. Ebudibus)” the Hebrides; mistaking it for mp gall, which these islands were always called by the ancient Irish. But that this was a mere oversight appears from a note to a previous entry in the Annals of the Four Masters, A. D. “26, which contains the following passage: “ Est etiam prope Congam Insula dicta Inis-an-Gaill-chrabhuig, Insula Saxonum Religiosorum, in qua sunt dus Capelle et multa Sanctorum Sepulchra;” though even here “ Gaill-chrabhuig” should be ren- dered ‘“‘ Saxonis Religiosi.” 2B2 NOTE 188 NOTE I. See page 28, note*. ‘‘ Fanatics.” Other instances of local proceedings, as remarkable as those of the Anabaptists given by our author, might be adduced ; but it is necessary to limit this continuation of our former note, to one or two incidents of a harmless nature which occurred here. In A. D. 1655, two disciples of George Fox, “ Humphy Norton and William Shaw, being in a peaceable meeting at Samuel Vewton’s house in Galway, were by a guard of soldiers forcibly Aaled thereout, the meeting broken up, and turned out of the town, and not suffered to go in to fetch their Horses."— Compendious View of sume extraordinary Sufferings of the People called Quakers, 8vo. Dublin, 1731, p. §3 The * Quakers,” however, persevered. In A. D. 1669, * Solomon Eccles, being moved of the Lord to go asa sign, on the 14th of the 7th month, and that naked, with fire and brimstone burning on his head, without the gutes of the City, into a papists’ Mass-meeting, and the Fryar and people being upon their knees, he (in the spirit of the Lord) said, ‘wo to these idolatrous worshippers ; God hath sent me this day to warn you, and to let you see, that if you repent not, what shall be your reward.’ And so he went over the bridge into the City, warning them also to repentance ; and when done he was had to prison, with his three Friends, Randal Cousins, Nich. (iriblle, and Henry Bloodworth, who accompanied him in his services; Eliza Harper, visiting them in prison, wus also there detained, and after several days imprisonment, were all released.” —/d. p. 118. lt is a curious fact that from that time to the present, not a Quaker or Jew has been seen in these western parts of Ireland. The following occurrence in this district, recorded in Cambrensis Eversus, will shew to what extent the spirit of religious feeling had excited people at that period : " Nuperrime firmioris et intirmioris sexus ct wtatis multitude ad fontem Galvie vici- mun Javanda confluxit, ut salubritatem, vel natura vel S. Augustini (cujus nomen verit) deprecatione aquis ejus inditam hauriret. Ad innoxiam hanc turbam guber- nator Galviensis ducum suorum audacig satelles prvsidiarios milites eduxit, qui juseu ejus plumbew grandinis nimbo insontes ex improviso perfuderunt ; quorum aliqui eravioribus vulneribus affecti, cater] veste, bonisque nudati in carceres non ducti sed tracti sunt.”— Aepist, Dedic. NOTE J. See page 32, note. The Red Earl.” For rank, possessions, and the exercise of that species of military service, called by modern usage, * Martial Law,” Richard Burke, the Red Earl of Ulster, who died in A. D. 1326, was undoubtedly one of the foremost men of his time in Ireland. He is commemorated as follows by the noble editor of the Memvire of the Marquis of Clan- ° ricarde 189 ricarde, before referred to, p. 39, note’. ‘ Richard, the second earl of Ulster, usually called, from his complexion, the Red Earl, had such large possessions, that he was the most powerful subject in Ireland.”—-Ped. VIII. As our author has, p. 32, adduced documents to shew some of the burgagery and manorial rights of this earl’s immediate descendants, I may here refer to a curious old family record, formerly be- longing to Mac William Oughter, head of the Bourkes of Mayo, and treating of them alone, and which is now preserved in the MS. Library of Trinity College, Dublin, F. 4. 13. It is described, “ Historia et Genealogia Familie de Burgo, cum Picturis et Armis multorum nobilium hujusce Familie, in membrana delineatis ; et Rhithmis in Lingua Hibernice. Omnia Hibernice—Codex membr.” This book contains an exaggerated description of the possessions of the “ Red Earl,” which, it alleges, ex- tended o na Fopbachaig a n-iancan Chonnace, an outaig muimein Fhlatapcuig, go baile mic Scanlain laim le Oun vealgan; agur o Cuéuin a o-Tuaie Mhuman 1 Shmian, go Saile-hanaig [Seal aca peanarg | coir na h-Einne, &c. “ From Forbagh [a place six miles west of Galway] in Jar-Connaught, the territory of the O’Flaherties, to Ballymac Scanlan, near Dundalk ; and from Luchud [now Lowid or Lughid bridge] in Thomond [viz. in Kilkeedy parish, barony of Inchiquin], to Ballyshannon, on Lough Earn.” For the remainder of the exaggerated statement of those possessions, see the old volume referred to, fol.1. Mac Firbis, in his large and valuable book of genealogies, now in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, after fol. 798, has the following entry in English to the same effect, and probably translated from the same old volume, viz.: “The Red Earle was lord in Demayne and Sarvice, for the most parte, from Bealagh-Lughyd in Tuamond to Bailiehany, which is an hundred miles, and from the Norbagh [Forbagh] by the sea side, to Bailie Mac Skanlon by Dundalke; and also from Limbricke to Waterford, besides all his Lands in four Shires, and in the Countie of Kilkenny, and Tipperary.” But though it is evident that Mac Firbis doubted the extent of the statement, yet that the Red Earl's possessions were widely extended there can be no doubt. The following curious and hitherto unpublished re- cord may serve to explain how some of those widely extended possessions were acquired : “‘( Anglia, SS. Conmac.] Placita apud Tristeldermot coram Johanne Wogan Justic. de | Anno XX XIII. Edw. I, A. D. 1305. “ Supplicavit nobis dilectus et fidelis noster Ricardus de Burgo Comes Ultonie, quod, cum O’Conoghur [O'Conor] Hibernicus, quiquam plura homicidia, roberias, latrocinia et alia enormia diversa, in terra ipsius comitis de Conacia, et aliis terris ad- jacentibus, hactenus perpetravit, et de die in diem, in pacis nostre lesione, perpetrare non 190 non desistit, tencat quandam terram nostram in Conacia que appellatur Scilmorthy [ Siol Muiredhaigh), dictam terram ipsius comitis ibidem contigua, de nobis ad firmam ; velimus dictam terram de Scilmorthy eidem comiti, vel alicui altero Anglico, concedere; habendum pro tanto nobis inde annuatim reddendo, quantum dictus Hibernicus nobis inde hactenus reddere consuevit, vel in excambium pro tantis terris et tanti valoris per extentum, nobis per eundem comitem in terra pacis pro predicta terra de Scilmorthy danda et concedenda: Nos, igitur, volentes petitionem ipsius comitis, quatenus sine nostri Incomodo poterimus, condescendere in hac parte; Vobis mandamus, quod per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de partibus illis, per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit, diligentur inquiratis, si nos, absque injuria vel prejuditio nobis vel alteri facienda, feoffare possumus prefatum comitem vel alium Anglicum quem voluerimus, de dictis terris de Scilmorthy, habendis in forma superius annotata, et quantum dicta terra de Scilmorthy, valeat per annum, in omnibus exitibus, juxts verum valorem ejusdem: et inquisicionem inde distincte et aperte factam, nobis sub sivillo vestro et sigillis eorum per quos facta fuit, sine dilatione mittatis et hoc breve. Teste meipso apud Wymlyngwelde, decimo tercio die Julii, anno regni nostri tricesimo tertio. “ Pretextu cujus mandati justiciarius hic processit ad inquisicionem inde facien- dam, per juratos subscriptos, in hunc modum. ‘* Inquisitio capta apud Tristledermod, coram Johanne Wogan, justiciario Hibernie, a die Sancti Michaelis in quindecim dies, anno regni Regis Edwardi, AXXAITI.™ per subscriptos, viz: Robertum Gent.; Matheum Dreu; Stephanum Talliry; Johannem Ffleming; Nicholaum Foleramb, de dicta terra de Scilmorthy; Jordanum de Exon; Johannem de Staunton; Richardum Dulyt; Willichnum Gaynard, militem, de comitatu Conacie; Walterum de Riddlesford; Michaelem de Kerdiffe; Adam le Poer; Phillipum fillum Ade; Stephanum le Prond de cadem comitatu; Walterum le Brett; Willielmum de Sancto Leodegario ; Richardum de Walleis, militem, de comitatu Tipperary; Johannem filium Ryrteth; Williclmum de Grafton; Johannem de Lowth; Willielmum Serle; Rodolphum Serle; Petrum Muriet; Johannem le Ken de eodein comitatu; Richardum Gernoun; Henricum de Crus, de comitatu Midie; Richardum de Valle, militem, de comitatu Tipperary; et Johannem Coterel, de comitatu Midie: Qui Jursti, dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod postquam terra de Scilmorthy, que continet quinque cantredras, devenit ad manus Domini Regis, post conquestum quem Williel- mus de Burgo fecit de Conacia, quidam Hibernicus nomine Ffeylym O*Conoghur, qui se appellavit Regem Conacie, tenuit predictas quinque cantredras de Domino Henrico Rege, patre Domini Regis nune, reddendo inde, singulis annis. Domino Regi yuingentas marcas. Et ipse Feylim, tota vita sua, tenuit bunam pacem et fideliter pacavit 19! pacavit redditum suum. Et post ejus mortem, surrexit filius ejus, et devenit felo Domini Regis et ligeos Anglicos Domini Regis de partibus suis interfecit, et movit communem guerram contra dominum Regem qui nunc est, et prostravit castra sua de Roscoman, et Randon; Quodquidam castrum de Roscomon, Robertus Dufford, primo tempore quo fuit justiciarius domini Regis nunc, firmaverat per custagia quasi inestimabilia, proper quod, utlagatus fuit, et obiit felo domini Regis, ita quod a tempore mortis Ffelym O’Conoghur, usque ad tempus quo predictus Robertus Dufford iterato venit justiciarius, dominus Rex parum vel nihil cepit de predicta terra, preterquam de una cantreda que vocatur O’Many, quam Dominus Rex nunc dederat Ricardo de la Rokele ad feodum firmum, et predictus Robertus, in secundo suo adventu, per magnos exercitus et custos quasi inestimabiles, iterato firmavit castrum de Roscomon in predicta terra, et ipse dimisit cuidam O’Conaghur duas cantredas et dimidium de predicta terra, que sunt versus magnam Iretheriam Conacie et Ultonie, ad firmum, viz. cantredam de Maylurg et Tyrelele, et cantredam de Tothes, excepta una villata terre que vocatur Cloinnagga- nenan, que fuit Richardi de Calne, que nunc est in manibus Domini Regis per mino- rem etatem heredis ipsius, et dimidium cantredi de Moyhe, reddendo inde domino Regi, singulis annis, centum marcas. Et sic postea diversi justiciarii diversis Hiber- nicis consanguinitatis et cognominis illius, per consimilem firmam illas duas cantredas et dimidium dimiserunt, sed Hibernici illi raro totam firmam, et sepe parte per an- num, et sepius nihil inde solverunt. Et dicunt quod predicte due cantrede et dimi- dium valent, communioribus annis, tempore pacis in omnibus exitibus, centum marcas. Et dicunt quod si Hibernici fuissent fugati de partibus illis, et terra fuisset assessa fidelibus hominibus ille duo cantrede et dimidium valerent, per annum, ducenti et quinquaginta marcas, sicut predictus Felym pro eis reddit: sed dicunt hoc non posse fieri sine magno posse ipsius domini Regis, et sumptibus inestimabilibus, valorem dicte terre excedentibus, maxime cum predictus O’Conoghur sit unus de quinque capitaneis hibernicis Hibernie. Et dicunt quod dominus Rex, sine prejudicio vel injuria sibi vel alteri faciendo, potest feoffare predictum comitem, vel alium quem voluerit, de predictis duobus cantredis et dimidium, quas O’Conoghur modo tenet, preter predictas villatas terre. Et dicunt quod erit ad commodum domini Regis et fidelium suorum de partibus illis, si dominus Rex det terram illam predicto comiti in escambium pro centum mercatis terre, vel redditibus in terra pacis, maxime cum predictus comes habeat terras suas in Conacia et Ultonia, et magnum posse Angli- corum et Hibernicorum contiguum terre ille per quod melius poterit hibernicos terre illius castigare quam alius. In cujus rei testimonium, predicti juratores sigilla sua apposuerunt huic Inquisitioni, die et anno supradictis.” The foregoing extraordinary record has been transcribed by the editor from the original 192 original Exemplification under the Great Seal of Charles I., which exemplification was produced by the Earl of Strafford to the memorable jury impannelled at Por- tumna, in A. D. 1635, to try the King’s title to Connaught. For an account of that trial see Carte’s Life of the Duke of Ormonde, vol. L p. 82. Some of the proceedings of Walter de Burgo, the father of this "Red earl,” against Felim O’Co- nor, King of Connaught, and which are alluded to in this document, will be found detailed in the Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the venerable Charles O’Conor, p. 41. The Blakes of Galway. Richard Caddle, dictus niyer or the Black, a guo Blake, was the “common an- cestor” of all the present families of this name in the west of Ireland. He was sheriff of Connaught in A.D. 1306; and as our author informs us, p. 32, was ‘bailiffe of Galway under Richard de Burgo, the Red Earl of Ulster,” in A.D. 1312. The extract from Debrett given in the History of Galway, p. 7, is altogether fabu- lous. But the following remarkable petition of John Blake, alias Caddle (the eldest lineal descendant of the above Richard Caddle, dictus niger), to the Commissioners of the Plantation of Connaught, in A.D. 1640; and the other original instruments which accompany it, satisfactorily prove the origin and descent of this old family. These curious documents have been providently saved, and kindly communicated to the Editor, by his respected friend, Michael Joseph Browne, Esq., of Moyne, in the county of Galway ; who is himself maternally descended from the same stock, and whose public and private virtues reflect honour on the ancient race from which he is sprung. “To the honble his Mat“ Commissioners for the Plantacon of the Countie of Gallwey. * The humble Peticon of John Blake, alias Caddle. “ Humbly sheweing, that the peticioner and his auncestors, whose heire male he is by lyneall descent, as he is reddy to make it appere by many auncient and authentick records and evidences, for eleaven descents, is and have ben respectively seised, as of their auncient inheritaunce, of the Castle and two water mills of Kiltor- roge, and of the moiety of the two quarters of lund thereunto belonging: and of two quarters and an halfe of land in Slewclare, parcell of Kiltorroge afuresaid, in the bar- rony of Clare, and of the moiety of the Castle and fowre quarters of land of Balli mé croe; and of the moiety of the Castle and fowre quarters of land of Kiltullagh in the barony of Dunkellin, and of divers messuadges and lands within the auncient liberties of 193 of Gallway and Athenry, within which all the premisses doe lie, as apperes by several] matters of record. And that the peticioner and his said auncestors did plant there- abouts, being an auncient English familie, and there continued without chandge of languadge, manners, or habit, and without once matching with any Irish familie, since the ninth yeare of King Edward the Second. “ And that the premisses ever since were and now are free English land, exempted from the Jurisdiccion and yoke of the Irishries, and of all maner of Chieffries and Irish exaccon, ordinary or extraordinary, as being independent of any whatsoever, but only of the Crowne, as free as any free land in the English Pale, or in any other parte or place of this kingdom, as may appere by the said auncient Records and evidences. é The premisses tenderly considered, and for that the Petitioner is the eleaventh masculin English descent, lineally descended from father to the sonn, in the possession of the said lands, from Richard Caddle, dicto nigro, whose heire male the Peticioner is, whoe purchased the same from one Thomas Hobridge, in the 9" yeare of K. Edw. the 24. And that although the peticioner, after so long a tracte of time, be called Blacke or niger, yet in the offices taken post mortem of his auncestors they were called Blake, alias Caddle. That your honours will be graciously pleased to take the antiquity of the peticioner’s estate into your consideracion, by shewing him your honours’ speciall favor uppon the distribucion, and the peticioner shall ever pray.” The Prooffe of John Blake, alias Caddle, his Pettegree. 1. That the said John is son to Nicholas apperes by an office taken post mortem of the said N. 28° August, 1629, and by a livery sued by the said John. 2. That Nicholas was son to John apperes by a lease under the greate seale made by the Com™ of the wardes, of the wardshippe of the boddy and lands of the said Nicholas, dated the 17th of 7ber, in the 28th yeare of Q. Eliz. and by a livery sued by the said Nicholas. 3. That John was son to Nicholas apperes by a decree made by the Lo. President and Councell of Conaght, dated the 6th of March, 1571, and afterwards confirmed by the Lord Deputy and Councell. 4. That Nicholas was son to John apperes by the said Nicholas his last will and testament, dated the 18th of 7ber, 1564. 5. That John was son to Valentyne apperes by the said Valentyne his last will and testament, dated the 12th of July, 1499. IRISH ARCH. SOC. IS 2C 6. 194 6. That Valentyne was son to John apperes by the said John his last will and tes- tanent, dated in March, 1468. 7. That Jolin was son to Henry apperes by the said last-mentioned will of John, wherein it is set torth, "John fitz Henry.” 8. That Henry was son to Juhn apperes by a decd dated the 6th of 8ber, in the 2d yeare of King H. the 6th, viz., in the yeare of our Lo. 1423. g. That John was son to Walter apperes by divers remaynders over to the said Henry fitz John fitz Walter; and by a deed dated the 15th yeare of K. Richard the 2d. 10. That Walter was son to Richard apperes by a will of the said John, dated 1420, wherein is subscribed, ‘* William fitz Walter fitz Richard.” That Richard is the comon auncestur, apperes by the deed made to him by Thomas de Hobrigge, in the oth yeare of King Edward the 2d. All which the said John Bluke, alias Caddle, is reddy to produce, and to make it appere, Joun BLAKE. Report on the Petition of John Blake, alias Caddle. Wee have seriously considered of the annexed peticon of John Blake, alias Caddle, of Gallway, gent); and doe fynd by ancient evidences, som without date, by the auncient characters whereof wee conceave the same to have ben made in the reigne of King Henry the Third, or in the begining of the reigne of King Edward the First, and some others beareing date in the sixt yeare of the reigne of King Edward the First, that the mannor and lands of Kiltorroge, whereof the castle, two mills, and one quarter of land in Kiltorroge, and two quarters and a halfe of Kewelare, udioineing to Kiltorroge, are parcells, now in the possession of the said John Blake, alias Caddle; and that the towne and lands of Ballymacroe, a/ias Homolorkan and Donegall, whereof two quarters are now in the possession of the said John Blake, alias Caddle, were then craunted unto Richard Caddle, dieto nigro, and his heirs. And wee doe further find that the castle, mannor, and lands of Kiltullagh and Monidone, whereof the said John Blake, alas Caddie, is in possession of two quarters, and of the moiety of the said castle, were graunted unto the said Richard Caddle, dicto niyro, and his heires, by deed dated in the gth yeare of Ringe Edward the Second. And wee further finde that the purcells of land of Parke, Clunine, Gortenecormock, Gortnagusta, Carrinteige, Cnock- aneglass, Clorone, Blencheneghane, Ffarrin-I-blake, Clonagownae, Rahine, Gortgare, and divers tenements within the liberties of Athenri, were graunted unto John Blake, ahaa Caddle, and his heires, and to Henry Blake, alia Cuddle, and his heires respee- tively, by deeds dated on the rgth yeare of the raigne of King Richard the Second and 195 and in the second yeare of King Henry the Sixt, and that all the premises before- mentioned doe lie in the county of Gallway. And wee further find that the said John Blake, alias Caddle, did, by a petegree produced before us and proved by several offices and other matters of recorde, and by divers and sundry auncient wills and deeds made by his auncestors, prove himselfe to be heire male of the boddy of the said Richard Caddle dicto nigro, and of the boddyes of the said Johnand Henry Caddle, alias Blake, for eleaven descents lyneally descended from the said Richard Caddle dicto nigro, vizt., the said John Blake, alias Caddle, son to Nicholas, the said Nicholas son to John, John son to Nicholas, Nicholas son to John, John son to Valentine, Valentine son to John, John son to Henry, Henry son to John, John son to Walter, Walter son to the said Richard Caddle, dicto nigro. Upon all which wee conceave that the estate of inhe- ritance now held by the said John Blake, alias Caddle, of the premisses, and in his possession as aforesaid, was in his said auncestors, whose heire male he is, before his Mat™ title accrewed unto the said county of Gallway. And that the said John and his said auncestors, whose heire male he is, being of an auncient English blood and sur- name, have and doth continue in the said possessions by them held as aforesaid. All which wee submitt to your honnour’s further consideracon. Given at his Mat Inns the 5th of June, 1640. Ru. Botton, Canc. GERRARD LOWTHER. Exhibitted before us the 6th of September, 1655, upon the speeding of the commission, from the Commissioners of adjudication, of claymes and qua- lifications of the Irish, sitting at Athloane, in the behalfe of the within- named John Blake, of Gallway, Alderman. PAUL Don. THO. SEMPER. CuristT. BLASHFORD. The following are some of the ancient documents referred to in the foregoing Pe- tition and Report. They extend from A. D. 1315 to A.D. 1553. é Carta Thome de Hebrigge, facta Ricardo Cadel. “ A.D. 1315. “ Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego Thomas de Hobrigge senior, dedi, concessi, et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi Ricardo Cadel dicto Nigro, et Emeline uxori sue, totam terram meam cum pertinenciis et edificiis, quam de predicto Ricardo tenui in tenementis de Kyltolagh, Kemconwy et Moynedan. Ita plenius sicut dicta terra cum pertinenciis fuit michi mensurata, perambulata et divisa per antiquas metas et bundas; Tenendum et habendum predictis Ricardo et Emeline, et heredibus predicti Ricardi 2C2 vel 196 vel suis assignatis, de capitalibus Dominis feodi illius: Reddendo inde annuatim pre- dicti Ricardus et Emelina, et heredes eyusdem Ricardi vel assignati capitalibus Domini» feodi illius, redditus et servicia inde debita et consueta. Et ego Thomas et heredes mei vel assignati, predictam terram cum pertinenciis et edificiis, predictis Ricardo et Emefine, et heredibus ejusdem Ricardi vel assignatis, contra omnes homines et feminas warrantizabimus, acquietabimus et defendemus, imperpetuum. Et ut hee mea do- nacio, Concessio et presentis carte mee confirmacio, rata, stabilis et mconcussa semper permanent, presentem cartam sigilli mei impressione roboravi. Hiis testibus Stephane de Exonia, Willielmo de Bary, Johanne de Exonia, Phillipo filio Simonis de Bremegham, Simone filio Walteri, et aliis. Datum apud Dungalvy, die Sabbati proxima post festum Sancti Leonardi, Anno Regni Regis Edwardi, tilii Regis Edwardi, nono.” —£7z originali. The lands of © Kyltolagh,” mentioned in the foregoing feoffment, are still (1846) in the possession of the descendants of the original feoffee. * Carta Philippi flit Willielmi Erla, facta Joh. f. Walter: Blak. “4. 2). 1391. * Seiant presentes et futuri, quod ego Philippus filus Willielmi Erla dedi, con- cessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi Johanni filio Walteri Blake, onines terres meas existentes in forencico de Athnery in tenemento de Clantayg, viz. in Payrkbeig, viz. inter terram Thome Temperneys et terram Philippi Albi, ex una parte, et Both- ring beyg juxta Sorteormuyk ex parte altera, Clonyntornoyr jacentem inter moram fratrum ex una parte, et ampneim ex parte altera, Sunt predicte terre de Payrkbeyg et Clonyntornoyr jacentes mensurate, divisate, perambulate per predictas certas metas, divisas et bundas : Tenendas et habendas prenominatas terras meas de Paytkbeig et Clonyntornoyr, cum omnibus pertinenctis, de me et heredibus meis ct assignatis, pre- dieto Johanni et heredibus suis et assignatis, in feodo et hereditate, libere, quiete, bene et in pace, sine aligno honore aeculari vel servicio, exactione et demanda. Et ego vero predietus Philippus et heredes mei predictas terras de Payrkbeyg et Clonyntornoyr, predicto Johanni et heredibus suis et assignatis, contra omnes homines et feminas va- rentizabimus, et ubique inperpetuum defendemus. Ut autem hee mea donacio, con- cessio et presentis carte mee contirmacio rata sit, stabilis et inconcussa semper perma- neat, presentem cartam siyailli met impressione roboravi. His testibus, Johanne Joy tune preposito de Athnery, Nicholao O Lachlain tune ballive ejusdem et de Clantayg, Clemente Lathreach, Thoma Bonaventer, Edmundo Wythyr, Nicholas Blak, Thoma Temperneys Philippo Albo, Johanna Kevll Pypar, Thoma hunt tune servientes de Clantayg., Domino Johanne Fwvt capellano Johanne Cletford clerico. et multis aliis Datum 197 Datum apud Athnery die martis proxima post festum Sancti Patricii episcopi et con- fessoris, anno regni Regis Ricardi Secundi quinto decimo.”—Ez originali. The feoffee in the foregoing instrument was grandson of Richard Cadel, dicto nigro, or the Blak. ““ Carta Kating Hannyn. ““ 4. D. 1394. “ Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Kating Hannyn filiam et heredem Johannis Hannyn, filii Philippi Hannyn burgensis de Galvy et Coille de Clar, dedi, concessi, et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi Johanni Blak filio Walteri blak burgensis de Athnery, omnes terras et tenementa, pocessiones, jura et omnia bona immobilia me jure hereditario consernencia, vel aliquo alio colore me consernentia, videlicet, in villa de Galvi infra muros et extra muros ; ac eciam in villa de Athnery, infra muros et extra muros; et eciam in villa Clar, intus et extra, in partibus Connactie, cum om- nibus pertinenciis ad predictam hereditatem et terras spectantibus, sicut melius et plenius predicte terre et tenementa, pocessiones, jura et hereditas, ac tercia pars mu- lieris relicte, jacentes, mensurate, divisate, perambulate per certas metas antiquas et bundas: tenendum et habendum predictas terras et tenementa, pocessiones, jura here- ditaria, tercia pars relicte cum omnibus pertinenciis ad predicta pertinentibus, de me Katilina et heredibus meis et assignatis, predicto Johanni et heredibus suis et assignatis, in feodo et hereditate, bene et in pace, cum omnibus libertatibus et liberis consuetu- dinibus ad predictas terras et tenementa, pocessiones, jura hereditaria et terciam partem relicte, et eorum pertinensiis spectantibus: reddendo inde annuatim ipse Johannes et heredes sui et assignati, capitalibus dominis predictarum villatarum red- ditus et servitia inde debita et de jure consueta. Et ego vero predicta Kating Hanyn heres et heredes mei et mei assignati predictas terras et tenementa, pocessiones, jura hereditaria, immobilia ac tercia pars relicte cum omnibus eorum pertinensiis predicto Johanni Blak et heredibus suis et suis assignatis contra omnes homines et feminas, ut prescriptum est, varentizabimus, acquietabimus et inperpetuum defendemus. Et ut hec mea donacio, concessio et presentis carte mea confirmacio rata sit, stabila et in- concussa semper permaneat, presentem cartam, et quia sigillum meum plumbeum est incognitum, una cum sigillo communitatis ville de Athnery duxi roborandam. Hiis testibus, Johanne Blak tunc preposito de Athnery, Nicholao Lachnain tunc ballivo dicte ville, Clemente Lachreach, Thoma bonaventer, Davide Wythyr, Nicholao Blak, Helia de Athy, Henrico Blak, domino Jacobo decano cathedrali Tuamensis, et multis aliis. Datum apud Athnery in festo Sancti Andree apostoli, anno regni regis Ricardi secundi decimo octavo.” —Ez Orig. See the following testamentary document referred to, p. 194, ante, No. ro. “* Inventarium 198 ‘Inventarium Bonorum et Debitorum Johannis oge Blake, et ejus Testamentum. “A.D. 1420. ‘‘Inventarium bonorum que pre manibus habentur venerabilis viri bone memorie Johannis junioris Blake, burgensis ville de Galvy, nuper defuncti, qui erat sana mente per xv. dies ante ejus beatam mortem, ex papiro suo integraliter summarie recollegit, sibique hic acopiare instanter ut pluribus appareat transcribere requisivit, in vigilia nativitatis virginis gloriose, Anno Domini M°CCCC°XX°®, Imprimis, habet xL*ii ers- nocas salis, i, pipam cum dimidio pipe mellis, dimidiam pipe ferry, duo dolia vini. Item habet ii. loricas ct ii. scapularia ferrea, et duas galeas. Item habet duos ciphos urgenteos, quorum unus vocatur grub, quod habet MM“ magrasa many impignoratum pro x*. Item habet alium grub impignoratum a fratribus galvye, pertinentem ad Stephanum Devellyn, pro x. unxiis. Item habet duas patenas ponderantes xxx". et unam magnam patenam que ponderat Ix". Item habet in panno Anglicano unum dusselum. Item xii". Cadays. Item i. pissam de lyter, demptis v. faciebus bombycum. Item i. cyphum argenteum i. zona argentea. Item vi. coclearia impignorata prov. Item, i. dacras choriorum cum dimidio, Item, habet in manu Walteri Blake ii. dussells panni Anglicani. Item, habet idem Walterus i". de seryeo. Item, habet cachebum eneum. Item, habet vi. scutellas de stanno, ct vi. discus de eodem stanno, et v. vases ad salsamentum de stanno, Item, unum salterium et tria candelabra de pras. Item, unam ticindem cum veru ferreo cum pertinenciis. Item, unum dolium frumenti ple num. Item, in monasterio collis vietorie habet in manu..... vi. mensuras frumenti, cum uno vasse continente viii. lagenas. Item, patenas parvas pondcrantes xv". Item, habet viii. caballos valentes úil. marcas. é“ Inventarium bonorum que sibi debent reddere debitores. Imprimis Memna O Gillayn tenetur ad xi. marcas et x]d, et dimidiam ¢jusdem sume pro anima sus eidem remisit, solvendo aliam partem. Item, Thomas fuscus maymalayn tenetur vi‘. et ejus frater prespiter est fidejussor pro eo. Item, sutor O Kynnedy tenetur adiis. Item, mauricius 0 harny tenetur ad ii® et nit. Ftem, Dermicius O Kyrvayn tenetur ad xi. marcas et xb. cum iiiú, et soluta sunt de predicta summa v. maree cum dimidio ..... interim laboravit idem Dermicius circa domum ipsius usque ad xx. si ipse probaverig sie. Item, Thomas Reany tenetur ad i. dacras cum dimidio dacre pro vestibus angli- canis, et v. dacras pro vino. Item, Thadeus Ó Mlheyn et Thadeus Olongayn tenentur adix. quarteria salis, cum i. dussello vestium et duas partes dolei vini, Summa predic tarum est xxvilt. daere cum dimidio 1. dacre, sed solutum est de predicta summa iii dacre per thadeum Olongayn. Item, Ohygayn tenetur ad ii. dusselos vestium pro v. marcis, cum i, dacra choriorum. Item idem Ohyguyn tenetur ad dimidiam dussen de albo veste 199 veste anglicano, et ad aliam dimidiam dusseyn rubei coloris, pro v. nobilibus et x14. Item, tenetur idem ad vi". cadays valentes vii’. Item, ii. facies bombicum valentes viii’. et viii’. tenetur idem. Item, tenetur idem ii. quarteria cum dimidio literis, valentes xxii‘. Item, Ohygayn solvit de predictis debitis alternativis temporibus sic xx‘4,; x°., Vii. unxias, i. noble, iii. sues valentes 115. et vi?; ii. sues valentes x]d.; i.suemc..... va- lentem ii*. i. lactiferam valentem viii’. et iiii. ..... chorias estimatas ad viii. chorias butiri Vasconnie mensura, et relinquo sue consciencie quantum valuerunt viii. chorie, lill. mensuras de ordei, semyquarterio minus, summa que solvit de predictis iii", xii’. et ii¢, Alia vero pars aratro, nondum soluta ab eodem Ohygayn, extendit se ad ilii. marcas et xxii‘, et hoc sine computo butiri predicti, quod relinquo usque ad x°. si probabit sic. Item, Willielmus Develyn tenetur xiiii. bucellas salis et vi. chorias, et hoc super unam ollam quam impignoratam habeo ab ipso. Item, carpentarius O marchayn recipit a me xxx‘. et adhuc quantum probaverit usque ad xl‘, habeat. Item, Williel- mus boteler tenetur ad ii. dacras choriorum. Item, Dominicus lench tenetur ad ii. dacras et vi. chorias, habens pro hiis pignora ipsius, picta zonam argenteam cum cipho argenteo. Item, habeo bombycuilum mylery filii Ricardi de burgo impignoratum pro vii. et vit. Item, Thomas O Keynhyla tenetur 1. nobilem. Item, Ricardus flavus Smyte et filius Smyte tenentur ad viii’. reddit quilibet ipsorum eque ad iiii, Item, Odo M° in merulyd tenetur xx‘. Item, Johannes M* Manchyn tenetur ad ii. dacras choriorum. Item, Dermicins M° Manchyn tenetur ad viii’. et iiii¢. cum i. dacra chorio- rum. Item, Cuchalchayll fynn M* Nelynd tenetur ad viis. et viiid. Item, Ohallurayn tenetur ad iiii®. et 11114, pro vino. Item, Walterus de burgo, sue nacionis capitaneus, tenetur ad vi. marcas et xl¢.; et m“ mic Rycairyd est proeo. Item, dermicius, Dermicii nigri filius, tenetur ad xx’. dempto uno dimidio, et in parte remitto, solvendo aliam partem mihi. Item, Thomas m‘ in nelynd tenetur ad iiiiS. Item, Johannes gallda tenetur ad ii. dacras choriorum. Item, i. pipam salmonum misi in manibus Johanni fwyt ad vendendum. Item, Nicholas Athy tenetur dimidiam pipam ferry. Item, M¢hwch de burgo tenetur ad iiii. marcas et xx‘. Item, donatus Ochonayr tenetur pro O Dubnayn ad iiii. dacras choriorum. Summa in pecunia xx". cum ix’. et iif, Summa in choriis, ii. lastas, c. viii. dacras choriorum. Summa summarum xxxviii". cum ix’. et ii’. Inventarium debitorum que debet reddere suis creditoribus. Inprimis, tenetur uni mercatori, viz. hugoni Wykfor ad xxiii. dacras choriorum, quas indilate mandavit sol- vere eidem. Item, tenetur Philipo M°Kynnamuyn 1. nobilem. Item, fratri predicti Philippi tenetur ad xvili?, Item, Donalldo hartheach ad xxx‘. Item, Cornelio Dyreach tenetur ad iis. Item, Malachie O Marchachayn tenetur ad vs. Item, messoribus segetum tenetur ad xxxiid, Item, Thome O Lygy tenetur ad ix’. Item, Dermicio 200 Dermicio Magro tenetur ad xl§. viii’. Item, famulis vigilantibus circa villam tenetur ad iis. Item, ing myechayn tenetur ad ii. mensuras frumenti, et alias i. mensuras manseti evene. Item, uxori Johannis Reddemer tenetur ad i. sulcum madri Item, fratre ymananayn tenetur ad viii’. et iiiid. Item, Waltero Blake tenctur ix". et iii, cum duabus virgis, cum quarterio panni Anglicani. Christi nomine Ihu invocato, et cjus auxilio postulato, Ego reverendus ac discre- tus vir, Johannes Blake, jacens egrotus, viam universe carnis aripere estimans, testa- mentum meum congruo modo condere cupiens, et dicens in forma subsequenti.—In nomine sanctissime trinitatis ac individue, unius patris, et filil et spiritus sancti. Inprimis, lego anima meam summo creatori sue, qui hominem ad ymaginem et simi- litudinem suam fecit et creavit; at lego corpus meum ad sepeliendum in loco pre- decessorum meorum, in ecclesia fratrum minoruin ville de Galvy. Item, lego mecum ubi requies mea crit et resurrectio, de bonis prescriptis valorem v. marcarum, secun- dum communem estimacionem, fratribus predictis. Item, lego pro decimis meis oblatis ad tabricam capelle Sancti Nicholay, et ad fabricam capelle Sancte Anne ville de Galvy, eque inter easdem dividendo, valorem x. marcarum de bonis predictis, sicut executor subscriptus poterit expedire et exigere. Item, lego domino Rectori, et domino vicario eyusdem ville, precium v*. Item, lego ad excequias meas precium xis. cum i. pipa vini. Item, lego fratribus Galvye xxviii. virgas de lytys. Item, lego duobus filiis meis xl. marcas de predictis. Item, fratribus de Clar lego valorem xx‘. de predictis; et sic omnibus pauperibus et secularibus subsequentibus, a principio usque ad finem testamenti mei, lego communem estimacionem ab executore meo recipere et nichil ultra exigere volo ab eodem. Item, fratribus lego de Athne- ryg x§. Item, lego fratribus de Kenalheyn i. nobilem. Item, lego fratribus Kill- chony i. nobilem. Item, fratmbus de lochryach lego i. nobilem. Item, canonico O gilluarayn lego xld. Item, lego ad decenciam ultarizy beati Antonii ii, mareas, Item, leo ad fabricam ecclesie parochialis de Athnaryg x* Item, lego fratribus de Mylyuch i. nobilem. Item, lego fratribus de lochthra i. nobilem. Item, lego fratribus de Phortdompna i. nobilem. Item, lego fratrnbus de Roscomayn i. nobilem. Item, fratribus Athlethayn lego i. nobilem. Item, fratribusde Roba lego iL. nobilem. Item, lego Margarete Blake ii. marcas. Item, lego Sile Blake i. marcam. Item, lego duabus filiabus Blak et Annon ij. marcas. Item, lego Kateline et Aveline Blak ii marcas. Item, lego duobus filiis meis u. loricas et scapularia ii, ac ii, galeas. Item, lego Willielmo, Walteri Blake filio. ii, marcas. Item, Rieardo flavo, Johannis Blake filio, lego iii, marcas. Item, lego Thome Blake ‘ii. marcas. Item, fergallo anchorite lego mensuram frumenti, et i. vas butiri. Item, Ane lego ii. mensuras frumenti. Item, lego buchuchin Blake x*. Item, filie Mic Richaryd lego vi. marcus de predicta, sicut oe ceteri 201 ceteri habent, estimacione, et equum vel iii. marcas proequo. Item, lego fratri Thome Oclumayn ii. nobilia. Item, lego aliis vi. fratribus, viz., Donato O Neyll, Davidi OM'chony, Nicholao OKeryn, Donaldo O Mtheach, Odoni O Neyll unicuique istorum unum nobilem. Item, lego ad domum pauperum i. mensuram frumenti, aliam pissarum, et ii. mensuras evene. Item, lego Ane cece i. nobilem. Item, lego Margarete Sortret prectum v‘. de bladiis. Item, lego Margarie Stondun et Katerine socie sue precium v*. de bladiis. Item, lego Roys ni Dathuch precium xl‘. de bladiis. Item, Theobaldo Jo- hannis filio, et Thome flavo colactaneo meo, lego precium xi. Item, lego alatrici mee ili”. evene mensuras. Mel. est, quod prefatus Johannes Blak, coram testibus subscriptis, omnia ista legata superaddita aliis primis legatis, sana mente, licet eger corpore, personis quoque infra- scriptis in hunc modum fecit et legavit dicens. Inprimis, lego Edmundo Kar dimidiam dosseli panni, cum ii. quarteriis salis. Item, lego Theobaldo M‘Seayn glays iii. caballos. Item, lego Johanni O Lorchayn i. caballum, et ii. mensuras evene. Item, lego Der- micio lyncas i. mensuram evene. Item, lego fratri Thome Maglynn ii. buselas salis. Item, lego Thome Othyarnayd i. quarteria salis et i. virgam panni cum quarteria. Item, lego Willielmo Martyn dimidiam quarteriam salis. Item, CronynO Mulraty i. mensuram evene lego. Item, lego henrico bodekyn i. quarteriam salis, cum i. virga et dimidia panni. Item, lego pro habitu meo tempore mortis recepto, v. virgas vestium. é Data et acta sunt hec Anno Domini mM®.cccc®.xx. In vigilia nativitatis virginis gloriose, in loco ffratrum minorum de Galvya, coram hiis discretis ac fide dignis testi- bus, viz. henrico Baudekyn, henrico Blake, fratre Thoma O Clumayn ordinis minorum, Thoma O floyn, Willielmo Walteri blake filio, Ricardo blake, Thoma claudo, ac plu- ribus aliis ad premissa rogatis et requisitis. é“ Nos Johannes, Dei et Apostolice sedis gratia, archiepiscopus Tuamensis, istud testamentum Johannis blake, coram nobis exhibitum in ccclesia parochiali de galvy, cujus inventarium una cum tabula testamentaria legimus, vidimus et diligenter in- speximus, in omni sui parte tenore presentium confirmamus, ratificamus et approba- mus. Et data est administracio bonorum dicti Johannis defuncti, executori infra scripto. Data et acta sunt in ecclesia parochiali predicte ville. é“ Hujus autem testamenti mei executorem instituo, ordino, facio atque denuncio, viz. Walterum blak Galfridi filium, cujus dispocicioni et ordinacioni omnia supradicta per me legata, sicut ipse melius et utilius a prefatis debitoribus exigere poterit, etc.”—Orig. “ Taudum Wil. de Burgo sue nacionis capitanei, et aliorum, inter Henricum, Willielmum, et Sily Blake. A. D. 1424. é Omnibus christi fidelibus has literas visuris vel audituris: Nos Willielmus de Burgo meeque nacionis capitaneus et miles, Johannes M‘ Huug dicte nacionis, Williel- IRISH ARCH. SOC. IS. 2D mus 202 mus de Valle, Edmundus M* Mic Ricard, Johannes filius Mileri magni, Walterus M’ Thiboth, Henricus Ruffus de burgo, salutem et subsequentibus fidem indubiam alhibere: Noveritis quod pro bono pacis inter ipsos qui se naturaliter, et secundum sanguinem invicem attigisse noscuntur, reformande et imposterum fideliter et firmiter observande, viz. Henrico Blake filiv Johannis Blake de Athnarydh ex parte une, Wil- lielmo Blake ex alia, et Sily Blake ex parte tercia, dictis partibus circa successionem hereditariam tocius hereditatis Henrici Blake senioris nuper defuncti, utroque dicente se altero de jure potiorem, nimiuin contendentibus seu litigantibus, rogati et requisiti per predictas partes, prius se invicem sub pena perjurii manifesti, tactis sacro-sanctis Dei ewangeliis, obligantes stare nostris arbitrio, compositione sive ordinacione, et earum successores ot heredes, imperpetuum: et cciam quod quisquis ex predictis Henrico ju- ier et Willielmo, quovistnodo contraveniret alter alteri ad summam centum librarum countituto de contravencione hnjusmodi eo ipso firmiter fuisset obligatus, nostras partes Interpostimus, suflicienti caucione fidejussoria et juratoria prius, ut premissum est, ab cisdem: recepta, prefatorum Henrici, Willielmi, et Sily qualitatem considerantes, ante- dheto Henreo juniori, nostra oppinione et judicio, digniori et magis merito totum ud tenementum per longum et latum, cum omnibus suis pertinenciis, in quo predictas Henrieus defunctus nuper inhabitabat, heredibus et assignatis suis habendum et tenen- duin qanete et pacifice concessimus, composuimus et arbitrati fuimus, et per presentes, concedimus, compontinus et arbitramur; et eciam assiznamus dicto quoque Willielmg, hheveclibus at assignatis suis, in recompensacionem dicti magni et principalis tenementi, TERI CLT! in COMLpOn TUS et ordinamus duo tenementa jacentia inter domum lapideam Juhani Blake junioris nuper defuncti ex parte una, et terras Johannis Fyche ex purteonttera. Prefate vero Sily,ad terminuim vite sue, pro sua honesta sustentacione, Henan omni dle et singula tenementa, Jacencia inter ten. nuper Dominici Lynche, eC tertas Phote Penryse; item, unam gurgitem anguillarum communiter nominatam oe Nantinaeh, ita tum: quod post decessum diete Sily, omnia et singula per nos sibi wounds tevertanttr equoliter inter predictos Henricum juniorem et Willielmum, he teuhea vive assusnates sues, Ttem volumus et ordinamus qui fili dicti Johannis junioris, Ot Phone mast: Blake habeant omnia terras, tenementa et gurgites, que predicti Johannes ot Ubon clita winerant: possidebant. Item, volumus et ordinamus quod secundum asa fatated porcionis sabi assignatam, predicti Henricus, Wilhelmus, et Sily solvent svanicob boty dete Henrie: senioris, et icumbencia onera supportabunt. Hee presens polutusve tee Gee Cas ast apud Galsinm, deeime die mensis Septembris, sub testimonivo sigil- Leste as tinny, Anne Domind M.CCCCX XH anno very regni Regis Henrici sexti post cre ghee Cueva Cube aes " Orn. Phe tea be uinents which immediately follow, are among the earliest “pecimens of eu 203 of written English found by the Editor in this district. When we call to mind that it was only in the fourteenth century the people of England began to speak in a lan- guage which may be called English, though even that cannot now be understood without the help of a glossary (see Henry’s Hist., Part V. p. 498) and that Chaucer, who died A. D. 1400, is unintelligible without similar aid, it must be confessed that the ‘‘comen Englishe tong” is of respectable antiquity in the west of Ireland. “ Dede of delyveraunc of vi. marc x‘. to Sandere lynche & al. “A.D. 1430. “ Knowynge be thus to alle men yn time to comyng that y henry Blake and Walter Blake custumers of pé Kyng & John Rede countroller of p* porte of pé Galvy & of Slego haye ymade delyveraunce to Saunder lynche et Davy Botyller vi. marc x:. pe wych p° for sayde Saunder lynche & Davy Botyller was owing of a tayll of xx. marc to M° Wylliam pt now ys and of pe wiche some above ysayde we knowlich Saunder lynche & Davy Botyller full payde & pe for sayde henry Blake Walter Blake & John Rede pere of quyte. In pe wyttenys her of Soverayne and portreve of pe Galvy & many mo. And her to pe for sayde Saunder and Davy have put to har seals. Iwrote at pe Galvy pe xx". day of August. The zere regnyng of Kyng henry pe VI. after pe conquest pe viii. ser.— Orig. “ Betwyxt Wil Blake f. Gefferey and hary Blake fz John for the devittion of all ther lands. “A.D. 1445. “é To alle trew Cristen peple that pis present writyng schulle se or hire that for as moche as certeyn discordis strifes and debatis have been now late Imevid and Thad bi- tweene William Blake fe Geffrey burgeys of the towne of Galvy of pat one party and harry Blake fe John Blake of Athenry and John his sone of pat other party as for cer- tayn londis and tenementis with hare aportenaunce in Galvy and in the subarbis of pe seide towne nevertheles pe seide William Blake harry Blake and John his sone of pe seide discordis stryves and debatis bi mediacion of hare frendis goyng by twene in eschewyng of grevows costagis and hurt of bope parties compromitted ham to stonde to pe dome and Iugement of Willug Burke Justice and Sheref of Conoght lorde of Glanricard and maister Iohn fferere generall of pe frere prechours under the forme as hit schewith here after write which pat is regestred in pe comyn paper of pe towne of Galvy in these wordis etc. é“ Med that pe ili’. day of Octobr the zere of Kyng harry the vi*". after pe conquest of Englond the xxiii". William Blake fe Geffrey of pat one party and his heiris and 2D2 assignys 204 assignys and harry Blake fe John Blake and John his sone and hare heyris and hare assignys of that oper party havyth ensured ham a fore Willug Burke lorde of Glanri- card Walter ffrensche soverayn of pe Gulvy maister John fferere Generalle of the frere precheres and all the comborgeys of fe towne of pe Galvy under hare othis of the masse boke and the holy crosse and the foresaide lorde borow the maister and all the comburgeys pat pey both foresaide parties schalle stonde ferme and stable for now and evermore of alle hare contraversy abowt the londe and pe anheritaunce pat was sum tyme harry Blake pe elders with Inne and with owt the towne of Galvy to pe dome of the forescide Willug Burke and maister John fferere Generalle of pe order with owt frawde or gile or after clappis of sotilte by eny of the foreseide parties above saide etc and pat pis is sothe and in witnesse of trowthe Nicholas Skyret sovereyn of the Galvy Walter Ffrensche Saundye lynche harry lynche William lynche Stephen lynche Robert lynche and Walter Athy to this present wrytyng have put to hare selys. Iwrite at Galvy the last day of Septembre in pe yere of pe regnyng of Kyng harry pe vi. pe xxiili".”—Orig. + Arhitryment tater William fy Geffray et Johan fy Henry Blake. 4.4). La. “To all cristen pepill that this present endentours partys shall hire or se bet y cnow that pe x day of pe munth of novembre 5ere of oure lord Kyng henry pe vi aftir pe conquest Xxiill' William fy Geffray Blake yn pat onn parti his heris & his assignys & Johan fy henry Blake his heris & his assignys yn pat opir parti cumpro- mitid aboute all pe londe and parte pat Henry fy Johan Blake hilde & had yn his oune possession yn pe towne of Galvy witin & witout undir pe othe of pe masboke & pe holy crosse & ynto Willok Borke lord of Clan rycarde, Rycard Borke fy William maister John fyrere Saundre Lynche William Lynche Water Blake & Thomas Lynehe & undir pe suirte of pe same wit pe soverayn & portrif & his comburgens of Galvy to stande now & ever to harre acorde & arbitryment aftir pe forme & pe poynts pat heratter folayt undir pe payn of an hundird pounte bornys Edmunde Athye & Thomas Lynche for William fy Geffray Blake William Lynche & Robert Lynche for Juhan ty Henry Blake In primis pat Johan fy henr Blake shall have pe tene ment pat suintyme wassh Masstir henr Blake pe yldir sumtime burges of Galvy wit all hes opurtnans fram pe plase of Nicholas Skyret unto pe plase pat Denys rono sumtyme dvellid yn & so tro pe hye strete unto pe toune walle wit an cle vere me- callet Correealle & a parcel of londe mecallit Gortledrine pat his fadir hadde Item of al 205 al pe lande witout pe Creggis of old henrys pat William abouseid to have pe toparte & Johan aforseid to have pe third parte Item of all pe londis of olde henrys in pe cuntre pat William do have halfe & Johan pe topir halfe Item pat William Blake to have all pe londis & tenementes wityn pe Galvy & witoute pat wassh yn henr fy Johan his possession excep abouseid In pe witnyes of pis endentours we partys aforseid hath putte to our selis wit pe selis of Willok abouseid lorde Ricard Borke Maister Johan Fyrer Saundr Lynche Water Blake and Thomas Lynche wit pe selis of pe borovys Edmunde Athy & Robert Lynche Dat apud Galvy die et anno supradictis & as mor credens pe comyn selis ys y put hirto of Galvy.”—Orig. s Mayst Manes M‘Donkyth ys dede. “A.D. 1449. é Be hit knowyng to all maner men fat [is present endentur seyth or hyreth pat y mayster manes M*Donkyth zevyth my full power & my patent to M° William of Clan- rycard of pe xl marc pat my lyge lord Kyng hath yeve to me of pe Cokket of Galvey & of Sligo as frely as y had hit on pis condyssioun pat y or myn attorney schall have every zere of pe forseyd M° William or his attorneys what profet comyth of pe cokket bi ahalfe atGalvey & halfe at Sligo y to pay pe fyses of pe vi li as hit comyth to and in record pat pis trew y pe forseyd maister manes to pis present endentur put to my sele Iwrite at Galvey pe xxvi day of March in fe zer of owr lord m'cccc°® et xlix zer.”— Orig. ‘* Testamentum Johannis f. Hen. Blak. “ A.D. 1468. é Thus. “In nomine sancte et individue trinitatis, scilicet, patris, et fillua et spiritus sancti, anno verbi incarnati M. CCCC°LXVIII., in crastino Sancti Patricii et confessoris nocte diei dominice, ego Johannes filius Henrici Blake burgensis ville de Galvy, com- pos mentis mee, licet eger corpore, condo testamentum meum in hunc modum. Im- primis do, lego, et commendo animam meam omnipotenti DEo eterno, invisibili incommutabili, qui totus ubique est, totus ubique presens, non per partes divisus, sed totus in omnibus, non localiter sed potentialiter, qui sine commutacione sui mutabilia curavit et curata gubernat: et Marie virgini et matri, beato Micheeli archangelo, mire virtutis nuncio, paradisi preposito, cui ab altissimo receptio et custo- dia animarum sanctarum extitet deputata. Et similiter do et lego animam meam tocius curie celestis agminibus, necnon martiribus, confessoribus atque virginibus: et credo in fidem universalis et Catholice ecclesie, s. in sanctam trinitatem, id est patrem 206 patrem et filium ct spiritum sanctum, unum [cum omnipotentem, unius substancie, unius egsencie, unius potestatis, creatorem omnium creaturarum, a quo omnia, per quem omnia, in quo omnia. Credo patrem a se non ab alio, filium a patre genitum, Deum verum de Deo vero, spiritum Sanctum a patre et filio equaliter procedentem, consubstancialem coeternum patri et filio, Credo eundem filium Dei, verbum Dei, et naturaliter natum de patre, et consubstancialem patri per entiam, temporaliter natuin de spiritu sancto ct Maria semper virginc, duas habentem nativitates, unam ex patre, ecternam, ct aliam ex matre, temporalem ; qua eciam filius Dei sue carnis concepcione conceptus est, et sue carnis nativitate natus est. Deum verum confiteor conceptum, eundem verum Deum, et verum hominem Jesum Christum, unum filium Dei unigeniti, proprium, perfectum in duabus naturis, in unius persone singularitate, impassibilem et passibilem, mortalem atque immortalem, crucifixum in infirmitate nostra, cundemque semper viventem in virtute sua, qui mortuus est, carnis sue morte, et sepultus, atque ab infvris, dampnato et spoliato principe tocius iniquitatis, rediens, tercia die resurrexit. Item lego corpus meum sepeliendum in monasterio fratrum minorum ville de Galvy, in sepultura fratrum meorum, nacionis Blak, sub proteccione Sancti Francisci, et suffragio sui ordinis. ** Debita in quibus obligor. ‘ Inprimis, lego et relinquo Petro Lynche, genero meo, 1x. marcas quas ei dudum teneor solvere, pro dote Avelyne Blak filie mee carnalis, ita quod earundem |x. mar- carum svlucio fuerit facta secundum formam contractus inter nos initi, de hujusmodi solucione tienda, Et ipse Petrus tenetur ad solvendam dimediam partem expensarum que erunt necessarie pro obtinenda dispensacione ad purgandum vicium, et delendum impedimentum incestus, vigentis inter ipsum et prefutam fillam meam. Item, lego Martino lynche pro debitis suis, vi’. lyneos quos sibi reddere teneor. Item, lego supradicto petro lynche iii'. lineos et xld. in quibus sibi obligor. Item, lego Johanni sone [yong] de bristollia xx. in quibus obligor cidem, et plus si probaverit me teni. Item, lego Cristiane Weltoffer sua debita secundum quod suum obligatorium cavit. Item, lego Johanni Byssum mercatori de britania unam lastam coriorum, et v. dakras in quibus sibi obligor, causa mercancie. — Item, lego Lyswarthe fernandus unam lastam coriorum cum dimedia laste, in quibus cidem tencor. Item, teneor eidem Lyswarte ad unum hogeshed mellis, et ipse mihi tenetur ad xiiii..... .. mellis. " Hee sunt debita que mihi a diversia dehitorihua debentur. " Inprimis, supradictus Johannes byssum mihi obligatur ad valurem xii, dekraram eoriorum, de ere, ct ad valurem iiii?’, dekrarum curivrum, de frumento. Item, Stephanus 207 Stephanaus Brun mihi tenetur ad vi. dekras coriorum, liberorum ad burdam navis in portu de Galvy. Item, predictus Lyswarte mihi obligatur ad i°. lineum, et ad xl. Item, Johannes Ffrench mihi obligatur i. cum dimidio. Item, Collas de bristollia mihi obligatur in duobus dacris coriorum, quas dedi sibi pro parte Nicolai Ffrenche; et ipse Nicholaus easdem de suis, me ignorante, persolvit eidem. Item, Karolus O Doelleayn mihi obligatur in una lasta, vii. dacras et vii. coria. Item, Gillacriste McKenny et suus filius mihi obligantur insolidum in duabus lastis et v. coriis et un‘ lineis. Item, dictus mihi obligatur per se in dimedia lasta coriorum. Item, Donatus O Grane mihi obligatur in una lasta cum dimedia. Item, Dermicius O Colgon tene- tur mihi in duabus lastis coriorum. Item, Moehony M‘fflaherty ytheressay mihi obligatur in xii. dekris et ix. coriis. Item, Cornalius Megreyn mihi tenetur in dime- dia lasta et vi. coriis. Item, Willielmas M‘Kenry mihi obligatur in xv. dekris corio- rum et vi. coriis. Item, Donatus M°Greyn tenetur mihi in dimedia lasta coriorum et vi. coriis. Item, Maurus M‘’agearlary tenetur mihi in xiiii. dekris et vi.coriis. Item, Donatus O Mulluyn tenetur mihi in duabus dekris et iiii. coriis. Item, Morina inge M' Kearhy mihi tenetur in xx®. et duodecim coriis. Item, Maurus O Mulmalia tene- tur mihi in v. dekris et ix. coriis. Item, Johannes O Hannyn tenetur mihi in iiii. dekris et uno corio. Item, Cornelius O Hannyn tenetur in ix. dekris et corio uno. Item, Cornelius O Marcuayn tenetur mihi in quinque marcis. Item, Willielmus O Korbayn tenetur mihi in tribus dekris et duobus coriis. Item cantor mihi obliga- tur in xx*. Item, O Lorkayn in iii®. Item, Johannes M° eagayn in duobus nobilibus. Item, Hobertus Macicknuk mihi obligatur in tribus libris et x*. Item, Johannes de Burgo rector de Athnary tenetur mihi in x5. Item, Uluk filius Ristardi M* tomas mihi obligatur in vi’. et viiid. Item, Valterus flavus filius hoberti, vi*. et vii’. Item, Edmundus Mac icknuk, vii. x4. Item, Odo O Lensgy, M' tabullas doliorum cum dimedia. Item, Cormacus O Mochayn, xx‘. demptis viiid,, et si solvit unam marcam sum contentus. “ Largicio elemosinarum mearum. ‘‘Imprimis, lego et imperpetuum concedo super hereditate in villa de Galvy, inclu- sive me spectante, dimediam marcain sacerdoti cotidie missas celebranti super altare Sancti Patricii in ecclesia ville Galvy existente, pro anima mea, et anima mee uXoris, et parentum meorum. Item, lego eidem ecclesie in recompensacionem mearum deci- marum, iii. marcas. Item, lego monasterio fratrim de Galvy iiii. marcas. Item, lego monasterio fratrum predicatorum ville de Athnary iii. marcas, et ecclesie parochialis ipsius ville de Athnary fabrice, unam marcam, prout Stephanus Brun in melius vide- bit expendere. Item, lego monasterio de Lochrech, dimediam marcam. Item, lego monasterio de Portdomna xl*. Item, lego monasterio de Myluk dimediam marcam. Item, 208 Item, lego monasterio de Kylconyll xl‘. Item, lego monasterio de Kennaleyn sia. Item, lego monasterio de Athluayn xld, Item, lego monastcrio de Moeyn xi*,. Item, lego monasterio de Rosrella xld. Item, lego ceteris piis locis elemosinam pro anims mea, secundum consideracionem infrascripturum executorum meorum, prout in melius eis videbitur distribucre. Item, lego pissam et zonam meam meliorem altari nacivnis mee, quod est in monasterio fratrum predicatorum ville de Galvy, cum signeto mev aureo, ad aliquod opus juxta disposicionem Jvhannis filii Willielmi Blak. “ Bona que possideo. ** Item, viii. dolia vini sive ylage. Item, alia iii. dolia, viz., duo de Osse et unum de Bastarde. Item, duo lasta coriorum cum dimedia, Item, xL marcas in pecunia. Item, quinque pissa argentea. Item, unam nucem argenteam. Item, xiii. cokliaria argentes Item, duas zonas argenteas. “Item lego Vadyn Blak omnes terras, tenementa ac redditus, viz. filio meo legit- time, que jure progenitorum habeo in villa de Galvy et de Athnary, intus et extra predictas villas, necnon in aliis locis Conacie ; et instituo ipsam Vadyn in hiis omni- bus in meum heredem. Item, do et lego eidem Vadyn, filio et heredi meo, caldariam Ineum, et iii. magnas ollas, et iii. parvas ollas. Item, lezo eidem patenam eneam, ita quod) Juliana uxor mea habebit terciam partem ipsorum vassorum ad dics suas, et usm omnium predietorum similiter habebit, donec ipse Vadyn meruerit ea habere, sustinendo onera incumbencie efrectualiter, Ttem terciam partem ipsorum vassorum arzenteum eidem Juliane ad dies suos lego, Item, lego ipsi Vadyn loricam cum sea- bulare, Item, do et lego filio meo, viz, Willielmo, tenementum quod jacet inter tenementum Johannis Blak filii supradicti Willielmi. ex una parte, ct. tenementum Johanne Panrys ex altera parte. lem remitto germanis meis omnes expensas quas fect pro recuperandis terris ipserum, diversis creditoribus titulo pignoris ubligatis, in terris de Athnary existentibus, que eis debentur ordinacione patris nostri; ita tum quod terre impiznorate per Ipsum patrem penes heredem mewn remancbunt, donec recuparabit pecuniam quam pro earn sulucione solvebam. Item, lero hereditatem meam in prefatis villis, et in francheis carundem et alibi existentem, tain in tenemen- tis quam in terris arrabilibus, tam in pasturis, in montanis, et planis, quam in virgul- tis et redditibus, cisdem vermanis meis, si, quod absit, ipse tilius meus ct heres obierit, sine herede maseulo de suo corpere legittime procreaty : ita quod Ipsi postquam adepti erunt candem hereditatem, ob causam predictam, solvant Ix. marcas pro ipes hereditate, viz. XJ. mareas de his duabus tillabus mets, vi Anurine et Eveline Blak, et xx. marcas monasterio ct ecclesic ville Galvye, supradictis, per equalem divi- siunem. Et si ipsi obierunt sine heredibus de eorum corporibus, viz., masculis, legit- 209 time procreatis, eandem hereditatem filiis Willielmi Blak do et lego. Item lego predicte filie mee, vidz. Anorine unum dolium vini. Item, lego germane mee Johanne Blak unam pipam vini. Item, lego Stephano Broun usum et habitacionem celarii ex opposito castri mei existentis in villa de Athnary, quod vocatur bowtha, ita quod ipsum habebit sine contradiccione et molestacione aliqua, durante vita sua ; et hoc sibi varentizo. Item, domino Donato archiepiscopo Tuamensi togam meam meliorem lego. Item, lego Odoni O’Tyarna vicario de Galvy togam meam secundam meliorem. Item, Odoni O’Molilayn discipulo meo, alteram togam cum dubelet, et calciamentis viridis coloris. Item, lego Johanni Rys, presbitero, caputium meum et dubelet, et calciamenta greciei coloris. Item, lego cuilibet sacerdoti ecclesie parochialis ipsius ville de Galvy xii‘. Item, unicuique fratrum de conventu supradicti monasterii de Galvy, promoto in sacerdocio, iiii4. Item, clamidem meam fratri Malachio O’Dubayn. Item, lego duobus alumpnis meis duas loricas, cum duobus scabularibus. ‘Item, lego et imperpetuum relinquo usum, habitacionem et conduccionem ter- rarum mearum nuncupatarum Clogreayn, existencium in terris de Athnary, in longum et latum prout se extendit inter suos certos et antiquos confines, comunitati vici de Lathregh in Athnary, in feno et pastura quamdiu potuerunt et voluerunt redditus heredibus et assignatis meis solvere, et supportare arratura,...... tamen excepta, quam heredi meo reservo, pro cujus arratura eidem comunitati xx‘. in antea remissi, quas quidem usum, habitacionem et conduccionem a me meis heredibus et assignatis, modo et forma predictis, eidem comunitati imperpetuum varentizo, ita tum quod nec heredes mei nec assignati easdem terras aliquibus nobilibus nec ignobilibus circum- jacencium terrarum unde prejudicium eidem comunitati gravaretur, vendire, alienare, impignorare nec locare possunt ; set ipsa communitas in hiis omnibus pre ceteris aliis prefertur. Item, volo et concedo quod fiat justicia inter dictum meum filium et here- dem ex una parte, et filios Willielmi yLachnayn de Athnary, de et super terris super quibus lis movetur inter me et ipsos, quarum vero judicii diffinicioni relinquo fieri judicialiter per dominum Donatum, Dei gratia archiepiscopum Tuamensem, et per alios quos sibi ad ipsum judicium faciendum eligerit et assumpsit. Super omnia et singula preinactitata, scripta, legata, relicta et disposita, rite et recte peragenda, ego Johannes, testator memoratus, Johannem filium Willielmi Blak, et Nicholaum Ffrench in meos veros et indubitatos executores constituo, ordino, pariter et deputo. Verum improvi- sores omnium et singulorum meorum bonorum, meique heredis et uxoris, in hoc tes- tamento instituo, eligo, viz. Petrum lynche et robertum Ffrenche, et assumo. In manus Dei omnipotentis vivi, et incommutabilis altissimi, apud quem vivunt spiritus mortuorum, et manent electorum anime, reposito carnis onere, plena felicitate letantur, commendo animam meam, Amen. Hoc testamentum est conditum Anno et die supra- IRISH ARCH. 80C. NO. IS. 2H dictis - ma ee sm —— — 210 dictis, Testibus protunc presentilus, Williclmo filio Alexandri Lynche tunc superiore ipsius ville de Galvy, Nicholao Ffrenche, Johanne filio Williclmi Blak dictis executo- ribus, Petro lynch, Roberto Ffrenche, memoratis provisoribus, Domino Odone O tyarny vicario dicte ville, magistro Valtero Lang notario, et Duminice filio Roberti lynche, et multis aliis.”—Orig. The foregoing * last will,” and that of A. 1D. 1420, [see p. 198] are the most ca- rious and perfect specimens of ancient testamentary disposition which the Editor has here met with. The pious exordium and conclusiun of the latter are worthy the attention of the reader, Both instruments shew the wealth and munificence of the opulent burghers by whom they were made. They also point out the nature, and, in sume degree, the extent of the commerce carried on at that period in this western part of Ireland. This class of documents may, moreover, be considered useful as affording ss- tistactury evidence of the manners and custums of the times to which they relate, and they therefore become valuable tur historical purposes. Thus, we read in the foregoing will of A.D. 1420, that the testator, who appears to have died in the habit of St. Francis, bequeathed for post mortem ceremonies 408. and a pipe of wine; which, it must be con- fessed, was a liberal allowance to keep up the “ merriment ofan Irish wake.” This serves tu prove the long standing ofa custom which still prevails but too much in Ireland. The Editor has seen a * will” made within the last forty years, wherein the testator, a Con. naught gentleman, ordered that, after his death, he should be “waked” by his tenants, for three successive nights, in a large out-house or barn; that a hogshead of whiskey should be supplied cach night; and that he should himself be placed in a sitting pos- ture, with a bottle and glass before him, as if enjoying the festivity of the scene. This “old custom,” which General Vallancey learnedly tells us the Irish derived from the Arabians, is now happily disappearing. ** Sententia lata inter Ric. et Nico, Blake, et stirpem Walteri Thome de Kyltulag-mer. “ALD. 1543. “Tn Der nomine Amen. Nos Dominus Willielmus De Burgo miles, Ricardioram dominus, ac Regis excelleneie in Conacia capitaneus, Reverendissimi domini, Christo- pherus divina gratia Tuamensis archiepiseopus, ac Rolandus eadem Clonfertensis episcopus, necnon et Boecius Mo Reagayn arbiter secularis, Judices seu arbitri decti sub intercessione et....... pena ducentarum vaccarum, de stando judicio et laudo Nostry in causa mota super duabns quarteriis De Kyltulag-mor, inter honorabiles viros Richardum et Nicholaum Blake parte ex una, actores et generosos omnes et singulos de stirpe Walteri Thome de Silina Dorsi rubei ex altcra, ut premissum est, inve- mimus suflicienter probatuin, tam per instrumenta autentica, quam ex deposessione approborum 211 approborum et anticorum, atque ex solucione annualis pensionis, quod ille due quar- terie de Kyltulagh-mor, jure hereditario spectant ad prefatos Ricardum et Nicholaum Blake. Quare antefato nomine invocato, non declinantes ad dextram neque ad senex- tram, sed Deum semper pre oculis habentes, easdem duas quarterias de Kyltulag-mor cum omnibus cummoditatibus et communibus, eisdem Richardo et Nicholao Blake, per hoc nostrum laudum sive sententiam, adjudicamus, imponentes omnibus et singu- lis de eadem stirpe Walteri Thome, perpetuum silencium, ut de cetero non inquieta- bunt nec perturbaberunt prefatos Richardum et Nicholaum, nec suos firmarios, subditos seu familiares, habitantes in eisdem duabus quarteriis de Kyltulag-mor. Et si qui vel quis de eadem stirpe Walteri Thome, contrarium facere presumpserint aut presumpserit, quod protunc ceteri alii et qualibet pro se de eadem stirpe Walter Thome teneantur et tenetur eisdem Ricardo et Nicholao blake emendationem condig- nam facere, ac etiam solvere penam ducentarum vaccarum prescriptarum, eodem laudo nostro declaramus: reservata nobis potestate absolvendi vel condempnandi eosdem de stirpe Walteri Thome, in illis centum sextagenta quenque marchis in quibus cessarunt, in solucione debite pensionis tempore ferme, eaque finita secundum asseveracionem predictorum Ricardi et Nicholai. Actum, gestum, latum, et declaratum in Senobio Sancti Francisci ville Galvie, tercio die mensis Apprilis An° Domini M.ccccc.xLIII et regni invictissimi Henrice octavi, Regis Anglie Francie et Hibernie, fideique defen- soris, ac sub Cristo supremi capitis ecclesie Anglicane et Hibernicane, An” tricessimo quarto. Hiis testibus presentibus, viz. nobili viro Donaldo O’Flaharty—Jacobo Skeret, Johanne frenche, Thoma lynche burgens. ejusdem ville, ac dominis Abbate O Cor- mockayn et Davide Juveni custode dicti Senobii, Jonote M* Thomas ac Thoma O Gyllorayn, cum pluribus aliis clericis et laycis. In fidem vero et testimonium omnium premissorum sigilla et signa nostra presentibus apposuimus. W.B. “ CHRISTOPHORU8 TUAMEN. ROLANDUS mire baersclach mac “ M propria. CLONFERTEN. vomnaill camaoc., Manu pro. ler in bpeic peo tuar mop ca Fí penibea.” “ The Order taken betywxt Joh. Wak Wileg & y* Blaks by y* lord Chaunseler. “A, D. 1553. Memorand. that whereas Johnn M‘Welycke complayned be for the Right honor- able S” Thomas Cusake kinght, the kinges Majestes Lord Chaunceller of Irelande, againste Richarde Blake and Nichas Blake of Galwy, for to have recompence of suche buldinges and charges as his auncetores was at, for the buldinge of the castell of Kyltullaghmore in the counte of Connaght, supposinge the same to be ther inheri- 2 Ea taunce 212 taunce. Whereas trouthe they had nothinge therein But for the terme of foure score yeres, yeldinge ther for yerlic xxvi*. vir‘, sterlinge as by a deade thereof shoued forthe by the said Richarde and Nichas made by the auncetors of the said Richard and Nichas unto the grauntfuther of the said John more playnier did appere: Yet for as myche as the said parties of ther own free willis submytted them selvys to the order arbytter- ment and judgment of the said Lorde Chauncellor whiche toke the charge thereof upon hym. Ffyrste did adwarde that the said parties sholde performe all former arbit- termentes and judgementes yevine betwixt the said parties for and concerninge the premisses, And alsoe consideringe the powertie of the said John, and that the said Richarde and Nichas shall take the comodyte of the said buldinge done uppon ther inheritaunce, ther for the said Lorde Chaunceller doo adwarde and judge that the said Richard and Nichas shall paye yerlye unto the said John and his assignes duerynge his naturall lyfe and no furdher, .... shillinges foure pence sterlinge abowe the thre shil- linges fuure pence affor adwarded, Whiche som amountithe to sixe shillinges eight pence sterlinge yerlye: And alsoe shall yelde and paye fyve markes sterling unto the said John, be for this unto hyme adwarded, unles the said Richarde and Nichas do prowe the said sum to be satisfied unto the said John. The hiring thereof by the said L. Channcllor ys appoyntede to the Archebusshoppe of Thombe and to the maior of Galwy. And if it appere unto them that the said fyve markes or any parte therof to be dwe, then the said Richard and Nichas to paye the same within thre monithes after. ffurder the said L. Channcllor doo adward, Judge and decre, then when soe ever the saide John be lufully required by the said Richard or Nichas ther heyres or assignes, shall release to them ther heyres and assignes all the right, title, intreste, possession and demand that he hathe, or of right he oght to have, in or uppon the said towne lordshippe and inheritaunce of Kyltullaghmore, for ever.—In Wittnes whereof, the said L. Chauncller unto this presents hath subscribed his name. Yevyne at Galvy, the vii, of Apriell Ao. r. r. Edwardi sexti septimo. “ THomas CusaKE Cancel * BR. CLANBYCARD. ** CRISTOPHER. TUAMEN, “ RonERT DYLLoxN, Attorn " ROoLANDUs CLONFERTEX.” The following fragment is all that now remains of the “ Pettegree,” which accom- panied the petition of John Blake to the commissioners of the Plantation, in A. D. 1640 (see ante, p. 102). The commencement, which connected some of the early branches with the main stock, is lost. John 213 + . * * . * + + . * | John®. Nicholas. Thomas. Walter. Richard. Valentyn. William. Jo Jo | | John. Valentyn. Thomas. William. Nicholas. Walter. | — John. Sir Valentyneb, James. Richard. | | T - Nicholas. Sir Thomas, Ffrancis. Geffrey. Jo Anthony. Dominick. now living. | | John®. Martine. James. Nicholas. Sir Valentyne, Walter. now living. | | Geffrey.¢ Walter. Ander Peetter. Riclard The said Andrew had three sons, William, now living, descended of the first; Henry Fitz-P., now living, descended of the second; and Marcus* and Sir Richard‘ now living, descended of the third. John. Martine. Thomas, oute of | matrimony. Andrew. Anthony. — Arthur. Walter. | Henry. Nicholas, married to Julian, I now living. Walter, Richard. Jo Julian, married to Nicholas, now living. now living. 3 The testator of A. D. 1468. See p. 205. 4 This Geffrey was cotemporaneous with John, the b The first baronet of the Menlo branch. grandson of John the testator of A. D. 1468. e The petitioner of A. D. 1640, whose descendant e Ancestor of Maurice Blake, Esq., of Balinafad, and heir male in the sixth generation, Henry Blake, —in the county of Mayo. Eag. of Rinvile, in the barony of Balinahinch and f Ancestor of the Rt. Hon. Lord Baron Wallscourt. county of Galway, is supposed to be the present head of the name. NOTE 214 NOTE K. See page 34. ‘College of Galway.” The Regal Visitation of A. D. 1615, gives the following account of this foundation: “(Juan primum venimus ad Galiciam, Templum ingressi, majorem et Aldermanos illius civitatis convocavimus, et quesivimus quomodo cultus divinus in eadem Ecclesis celebratur. Presentabant illi coram nobis duos ministros, quorum alter noviter, paulo ante adventum nostrum, promotus et electus fuit Guardianus Collegii ibidem, homo lesie fame, et vix probate vite. Alter, minister vagus, undiquaquam cursitans, et alias in diversis diocesibus beneficiatus. Tloc responsum valde displicuit nubis, nam Justam prebuit occasionem nobis suspicandi, quod in eadem civitate vixissent, pro ma- jori parte, sine servitio divino, et pene absque Deo in terris. Cujus defectus rationem ulterius indagantes, invenimus in cemiterio ejusdem ecclesie, extructum fuisse ab an- tiquo, Collegium pro uno Gardiano et octo vicariis choralibus, ad serviendum et celebrandum divinum cultum in illa ecclesia, primo fundatum per Papam ducentis abhinc annis; cxtunc restauratum per Edwardum sextum et Reginam Elizabetham ad usum precedentem. Intelleximus etiam quod annuus valor beneficiorum spectantiam ad idem cullegium extendit se ad octoginta libras, quolibet anno, sed quod qui fueruat nuper Gardiani in illo collegio minus juste authoritatem sibi usurpassent sub debito et justo valore dimittendi fructus et enolumenta dicti collegii. Nominatim vero denota- verunt nobis Rolandum nunc cpiscopum Clonfertensem et Duacensem, et Abelem Walsh nuper Gardianos, nimis providus dimisisse proventus Collegil, a valore octoginta libra- rum ad valorem quadraginta librarum reduxisse. Unde nos diligentius literas funda- tionis illius collegii considerantes, et tenorem literarum patentium, invenimus istas iniqguas dimissiones omnino injuste fuisse factas; et quod Gardianus dicti Collegii electus tantumodo ab anno in annum nun potuit pro tempore longiori dimittere. Et quis speciatim per dictas literas patentes providetur, quod Gardiuni et vicarii singulis annis tenentur reddere computum majori et Ballivis illius civitatis, de dimissione fructuam collegu, atque sine vorum consensu et speciali confirmatione nihil potuerunt facere vel dimittere quod ad damnum illius collegii redunduret; harum verum debita considera- tione inducti, primo sequestravimus omnes fructus ct emolumenta inducti collegii in manus trium civium illius civitatis satis divitum et bone fame et estimationis qui libentur hujus negotii curam in se susceperunt; quos ego Cancellarius per strictam re cognitionem dumino Regi obligavi, ut fidelem computum et exactum, annuatim fructuam et proventionum illius collegii redderent majori et vicecomitibus dicte civitatis, serio dedimus in mandatis, ut non sulum cum advisamento Archiepiscopi Tuamensis unum Gardianum et ucto vicarios in dicto collegio locarent, constituerent ad celebrandum divinuin cultum ct servitium in cadem Ecclesia, sed etiam ut annuale stipendium pro 215 pro stipendio Gardiani et vicariorum persolverent cui nostri directioni in hac parte li- bentissime se submisserunt. Qua ratione speramus divinum cultum in illa Ecclesia stabiliendum et restorandum, quod precamur ex animo.” The Commissioners then proceed :— “ Wee found in Galway a publique schoolesmaster named Lynch, placed there by the Cittizens, who had great numbers of schollers, not only out of that Province but also out of the Pale, and other partes resorting to him. Wee-had daily proofe, during our continuance in that citty, how well his schollers profited under him, by verses and orations which they presented us. Wee sent for that schoolemaster before us, and se- riously advised him to conform to the Religion established, and not prevailing with our advices, we enjoyned him to forbear teaching: and I the chancellour did take a Recog- nizance of him and some others of his kinsmen in that citty, in the some of 400 Ji sterl- to his Mat®. use, that from thenceforth he should forbeare to teach any more without the speciall License of the Lo. Deputy. And in regard Galway is a farr more publique and convenient place for the keeping of a schoole then Tuame is, Wee have ordered that M’. Lally shall, at Michaelmas next, begin to teach publiquely in that Citty.”— From the original, see p. 179, ante. The following old documents relating to this foundation, have been transcribed from the originals preserved in the collegiate library there, by permission of the Editor’s pious and learned friend, the Right Reverend Doctor O’Donnell, R.C. Bishop of Galway. “‘ Concessio iv. marcar. in puram elemosinam, parochiali Ecclesie S. Nicola. “A.D. 1435. “ Sciant presentes et futuri, quod nos Willielmus Blak, Sylyana Blak, Henricus Blak, Walterus filius Johannis junioris Blak, Henricus filius Thome nigri Blak, una- nimi consensu, dedimus, concessimus, et hac presenti cartanostra confirmamus, a nobis et heredibus nostris in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, quatuor marcas, super terras nostras et tenementa intra et extra villam Galvye, eque divisas per partes, secundum quod concernit quemlibet nostrum, temporibus perpetuis duraturas. Infra eciam Crayg et dictam villam, super quadraginta acras terre arabilis cituatas duo marce, ita quod ex qualibet acra solvantur vilid. ab intra vero due alie marce solvantur per te- nementa et predictas personas, divise ut tenentur, ut infra sequitur, dividendo fideliter: porro, Willielmus Blak solvat novem solidos et xd. Sylyana Blak solvat quinque solidos, Henricus Blak solvat sex solidos et vuid. Walterus Blak solvat quatuor solidos, Henricus Blak solvat quatuordecim d. Ad honorem quoque parochialis ecclesie Sancti Nicholai ejusdem ville, et decorem cultumque divinum in eadem ecclesia multi- plicandum 216 plicandum, et sustenacionem unius ydonei et discreti sacerdotis assidue suas misses celebrantis, devotasyue preces ibidem infundentis, pro animabus nostris et parentum nostrorum, ac speciallissime pro animabus pie memorie Henrici Blak, suorumque pe- rentum ; quem quidem sacerdotem, nos et heredes nostri duxerimus eligendum, cujusque ecium sacerdotis propter sua merita vel demer ita, institucionem vel destitucionem nobis et heredibus nostris penitus reservamus. Et si, quod absit, aliquis nostrum antedic- torum stam partem concernentem, ut prefertur, eidem sacerdoti tempore debito dare et solvere renucrit seu distulerit, ipsum extunc, per sensuram ecclesiasticam campe- narumque pulsaciones in signum maledictionis eterne, necnon et domini nostri domini archiepiscopi Tuamensis tune incumbentis sensuram, ad suam integram partem solven- dam, compellatis, ipsum nihilominus per superiorem et prepositum ceterosque burgenses ejusdem ville ad solvendam compelli demandectis. Et nos omnes supradicti et heredes nostri, ut supradictum est, contra omnes gentes varentizabimus, acquietabimus, ac in perpetuum defendemus. In cujus rei testimonium, sigillum nostrum, viz. domini, domini Johannis, Dei et apostolice sedis gratia, Archiepiscopi Tuamensis, una cum sigillo antedicti Willielmi Blak, presentibus apponi fecimus. Datum in villa Gal- vye, primo die mensis Augusti anno Domini Millesimo, quadragentisimo tricesime quinto.”—Orig. The endowment provided for in the foregoing instrument is supposed to have been intended as an expiation for murders committed, in the preceding century, by the sept of the Blakes, on the rival tribe of Athy; and alluded to in Hist. Galway, p. 54. The deed itself bears the following endorsement, written after A. D. 1484 :—** The four markes ster. bestowed by William Blake and the rest of his nation upon the colledge.” “ Dispensacio Maritagii pro Valtero Blake et Juliana Lynch. “A.D. 1472. “TIL S. “ Universis et singulis ad quorum noticiam presentes litere pervencrint, salutem in Domino, et presentibus fidem indubiam edhibere. Literas sanctissimi in Christo Patris ac domini, domini nostri Sixti pape quarti, nos Donatum Dei gratia archiepis- copum Tuamensis, in ipsis literis apostolicis specialiter nominatum, cum ea qua decuit reverencia noveritis recepisse, tenorem qui sequitur, continentes: Venerabili in Christo patri, Dei gratia archiepiscopo Tuamensi, vel ejus vicariis in spiritualibus, Philippus, miseracione divina, Episcopus Portuencis, sulutem et sinceram in Domino caritatem. Sedis apostolice providencia circumspecta non nunquam rigorem juris mansuctudine temperet, et quia sacrorum canonum prohibent instituta de gratia benignitatis indul- get, prout personarum et temporum qualitate pensata, id in Deo salubriter expedire cognoscit 217 cognoscit, sane ex parte Valteri Blake laici et Juliane Lynche mulieris Enachdunensis diocesis, nobis oblata peticio continebat, quod ipsi, ex certis rationabilibus causis, desiderant invicem matrimonialiter copulari, sed quod quarto consanguinitatis gradu invicem sunt conjuncti; et hujus impedimentum scientes, sese pluries actu fornicario cognoverunt, desiderium eorum in hac parte adimplere non possint, dispensacione apos- tolica super hoc non obtenta: quare suplicari fecerunt humiliter iidem exponentes eis super hiis per sedem ipsam de absolutionis debite beneficio et oportune dispensacionis gratiam misericorditer provideri. Nos itaque ipsorum exponentium animarum saluti providere volentes, eorumque in hac parte suplicacionibus inclinati, auctoritate domini Pape cujus primarie curam gerimus, et de ejus speciali mandato, super hoc vive vocis oraculo nobis facto, circumspectioni vestre, cum ut asseritur ecclesia Enachdunensis ecclesie vestre Tuamensis canonice unita existat, committimus; quatenus si est ita, ipsos exponentes a reatu incestus hujusmodi absolvatis, et injuncta inde eorum cuilibet, pro modo culpe, penitencia salutari, et aliis que de jure fuerint injungenda, demum cum ipsis exponentibus quod impedimento consanguinitatis hujusmodi non obstante possint inter se matrimonium libere contrahere, et in eo postquam contractum fuerit licite remanere, misericorditer dispensetis, dum modo dicta mulier propter hoc ab aliquo nupta non fuerit, prolem exinde suscipiendam legittimam decernentes. Datum Rome apud Sanctum Petrum, sub sigillo officii primarie, sexto kl. Octobris, pontifica- tus Domini Sixti Pape quarti anno primo. Post quarum quidem literarum apostoli- carum presentationem, receptionem, et lecturam, per nos ut premittitur factas, per prefatos Walterum et Julianam, ut ad executionem ipsarum literarum et contentorum in eisdem procedere deberemus, debita fuimus cum instancia requisiti. Nos igitur, antefatus archiepiscopus mandatum ipsum apostolicum volentes reverenter exequi, ut tenemur, imposita eisdem exponentibus, pro modo culpe, penitentia salutari, ac aliis premissis mea parte premittendis, ipsos Valterum et Julianam a reatu hujusmodi in- cestus absolventes, ut, impedimento consanguinitatis hujusmodi non obstante, matri- monium inter se libere contrahere possint, auctoritate apostolica qua fungimur miseri- corditer dispensamus, prolem suscipiendam legittimam decernentes. Datum et Actum Galwye vi. die Aprilis, sub nostri sigilli testimonio, Anno Domini Millesimo, ccce.Lxxu.”— Orig. “Colacio archiepiscopi super Rectoriam et Vicariam de Furanmor, et Vicariam de Mevay. ““ A.D. 1487. “TIS. é Willielmus, miseracione divina, electus, consecratus, metropolitanus Tuamensis, dilectis filiis Gardiano ecclesie collegiate sancti Nicholai ville Galwie, nostre Enach- IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. 2F dunensis 218 dunensis diocesis, suisque collegialibus fratribus, salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Votis illis ibenter annuimus, et gratum prebemus assensum, per que ecclesiarum vaccantium nobis subjectarum incommoditatibus consulatur, ac venerabilium presbi- terorum collegialiter viventium, indigencie pariter et inopie succurratur, cultusque divinus nostris temporibus suscipiat incrementum. Hine est, quod nos fructuum, proventuum et reddituum vestre ecclesie, per nostrum predecessorem in collegiatam erecte, attento vestro numero, exilitatem pariter et tenuacitatem, vestrumque eciam luborem in diurnis et nocturnis officiis quibus estis assidue mancipati considerantes, et attente pre oculis habe ntes, rectoriam et vicariam ecclesie parochialis de Furan- mor, nostre Enachdunensis diovesis, que de jure patronatus laycorum existunt, quvé- bus que cura imminet animarum; necnon et vicariam de Meray, eciam ejusdem hostre diocesis, que eciam de jure patronatus laycorum existit, et cui eciam curs Imminet animarum, de consensú patronorum diligenti super hoc habito tractata predicte vestre ecclesie et collegio perpetuo et realiter, salvis nostris ordinariis juri- bus et oneribus, vz. procuracionibus annuatim, scilicet, ex dicta rectoria et vicaris de Furan viginti et unum un Xias legalis monete, et ex dicta vicaria de Meary, annus tim, septem unxias legalis monete, solvendum annuatim per equales porciones, post festa consucta, unimus, annectimus et incorporamus: dummodo dicta rectoria et vicaria de Furan mor, necnon et vicaria de Meray debitis propterea ne defraudentur obsequiis, et animarum cura in cis nullatenus negligatur, sed earum = prorsus congrue supportentur onera consueta, Null ergo omnino hominum liceat, saltem nobis sub- jeetorum, hance paginam nostre unionis, annexionis et incorporacionis intringere, vel ei ansa temerario contraire. Siquis autem hoc attemptare presumserit, indigna- tionem omnipotentis Dei, et nostram, se noverit ineursurum, Datum Galwie in festo Coneeptionis beate Marie, sub nostri sigilli testimonio, Anno Domini M°.ccceoLxx VI.” et nostre consecrationis anne primo.—W. Joy. —Órwa. > Colacin archiepiscopn xu per rectoriam de Rancyn. ui. Ee ann. “* I. H. S, * Wilhelmus, miseratione divina, eleetus, consecratus metropolitanus Tuamensis, dilectis filiis gardiano ecclesie collegiate sancti Nicholai ville Galwye, nostre Enach- dunensis diocesis, suisque collegialibus fratribus, salutem, gratiam et benedictionem Votis illis libenter annuimus, et gratum= prebemus assensui, per que ecclesiarum vaceantium nobis subjectarum incommodatibus consolatur, ac venerabilium presbite rortum, collevialiter vivencium, indigencie pariter et inopie succurratur, cultusque divinus Lestris temporibus susciplat incrementum. Hine est quod nos, fructuum, proventuum 219 proventuum et reddituum vestre ecclesie, per nostrum predecessorem in collegiatam erecte, attento vestro numero, exilitatem pariter et tenuacitatem, vestrumque etiam laborem in diurnis et nocturnis officiis, quibus estis assidue mancipati, considerantes, et attente pre oculis habentes, vicariam parochialem ecclesie Sancte Marie de Rathuna, ejusdem nostre Enachdunensis diocesis, per mortem bone memorie Donati y Donaill ultimi eyusdem possessoris, seu alias quovismodo vacantem, et ad nostram collationem pleno jure spectantem, diligenti super hoc habito tractatu, et cui eciam curam immi- net animarum predicte vestre ecclesie et collegii perpetuo et realiter, salvis nostris ordinariis juribus et oneribus ac procurationibus, nobis et successoribus nostris debitis et consuetis, univimus, annectivimug et incorporavimus, ac per presentes, eidem ecclesie et collegio unimus annectimus et incorporamus, cum omnibus suis juribus, fructibus, redditibus et obvencionibus quibuscunque, inducentes vos eundem Guar- dianum nomine vestro ac dicti collegii, et successorum vestrorum imperpetuam posses- sionem seu titulum ejusdem vicarie, et jurium et pertinenciarum ejusdem, per anuli nostri traditionem, vobis desuper factam. Dum modo dicta vicaria debitis propter ea non defraudetur obsequiis, et animarum cura in eadem nullatenus negligatur, sed ejusdem prorsus congrue supportantur onera consueta. Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat, saltim nobis subjectorum, hanc paginam nostre unionis, annexionis et incorpo- rationis infringere, vel ei ausa temerarie contraire; siquis autem hoc attemptare pre- sumpseret, indignationem omnipotentis Dei et nostram se noverit incursurum. Datum Galwie duodecimo die mensis Aprilis sub nostri sigilli testimonio, Anno Domini mil- lesimo, CCCC°LXXXVIII.° et nostre consecrationis anno primo.”—Orig. “ Resignatio vicarte de Moculyn. “A.D. 1488. “T.H.S. “ Reverendissimo in Christo domino, domino Willielmo, miseratione divina, electo, consecrato metropolitano Tuamensis, suus humilis et devotus orator Cornelius O’Hal- lurayn, perpetuus vicarius parochialis ecclesie de Moygcullyne vestre Enachdunensis diocesis, cum omni qua decet reverencia, salutem. Vestro reverendissimo domino electo scire placeat, qualiter ego, habita super hoc provida et satis sufficienti delibe- racione, spiritu bono ductus, considerans mei ingenii exilitatem, meeque literature et sciencie insufficienciam, onerisque et cure animarum michi et humeris meis impossite gravitatem, dispossui ad pedes vestre paternitatis, humiliter procidendo, eidem mee perpetue vicarie, ad manus vestre paternitatis resignare, ad instanciam perpetue unionis fiende de eadem vicaria, per vestram paternitatem, collegio ecclesie Sancti Nicholai de Galwy, gratia sustentacionis perpetue ejusdem collegii, et augmentacionis z2F2 divini 220 divini cultus et servicil in eodem ; cui quidem perpetue mee vicarie de Moygeullyne, ego predictus Cornelius O’Hallurayn, vestra humilis et devota creatura, ad pedes ves- tre reverendissime paternitatis provolutus, ad manus et potestatem vestram, per pre sentes, effectualiter et simpliciter resigno. Quapropter vestram reverendissimam donacionem, in cujus manibus libra justicie non mutatur, instancia quanta possum deprecor, quatenus intuitu divine caritatis, et augmentacionis divini cultus et servicii continue in eodem collegio, predictam vicariam ipsi collegio annectere et unire, ac perpetue incorporare, velitis. In fidem vero et testimonium predicte mee perpetue resignacionis, infraseriptum publicum notarium hanc resignacionem in presentem publicam formam reddigere curavi. Hiis testibus presentibus, vz. Thoma O*Donaill, Patricio Blake, Odone Mc. Macllayn, Thadeo ruffo Makyan, et multis aliis. Et ob majore evidencia hujus mee perpetue resignacionis, ob defectu sigilli proprii, sigillum Johannis lynche fyz Edmundi presentibus apponi feci. Hee resignacio facta est, per me dictum Cornelium, coram vestra dominacione, apud Galwy, in vigiha omnium sanctorum, Anno Domini millesimo, CCCCOLXXXVIIL° ‘Et ego vero, Willielmus Molgan clericus Enachdunensis diocesis, pub- licus auctoritate Imperiali notarius, quia cum predicta resignacio om- nibus modo ordine et forma quibus supra fieret, una cum prenominstis testibus presens interfui, eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi. Ideoque jussu et rogatu prefuti Cornelii ut premittitur resignantis, anno, die, mense et loco quibus supra, Indicione vero septima pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris ac domini nostri, domini Innocentii, divina providenela pape YIII anno quarto, predictam resignacionem in hane publicam formam reddegi, signu et nomine meis solitis et consuetis sig- navi, rogatus et requisitus in fidem et testimonium omnium et singule- rum premissorum, — (ru. * Conrventum ader Gul de Burn et Majorem Gales. i. 22. 1488. “THLS. “Tn nomine Domini, amen. Inter Dominum Willielmum de Burgo sue nationis capitaneum ex parte una; et Johannem Blake majorem ville de Galwy, ac Dominicum Lynehe fvz-Johunnis burgensem ejusdem ville ex parte altera, sic concensum, vz. quod prefatus dominus Willielmus obligavit se suosque heredes et sueccessores, prefatis ma- joriet Dominico, ac collegio ecelesie saneti Nicholai de Galwey, corumque successoribus qui pre tempore fuerint, ad tuendum, protegendum et defendendum dictum collegiam, in ommibus et singulis suis juribus et obventionibus, tam ex parte ecclesic, quam eciam temporalis 221 temporalis seu secularis curie, nunc et in posterum, ad ipsum Collegium quoquo modo spectantibus, videlicet ex parte ratione curie ac extra eandem, jam impetratis et im- posterum impetrandis. Ita vero quod dictum collegium, videlicet qui nunc sunt et qui pro tempore fuerunt, singulis diebus sollemniter dicent unam collectam seu oratio- nem specialem, in principali missa ad attenticum altare, pro bono statu in vita, et eorun- dem animabus post mortem, videlicet prefati domini Willielmi et Slanine sue uxoris, heredum et successorum ac antecessorum suorum. Ita vero quod predicti major et Do- minicus impetrabunt pro Ricardo de Burgo filio eorundem domini Willielmi et Slanyne, canonicatum ecclesie Tuamensis, et prebendam de Killmaellayn, et rectoriam et vicariam de Athnary, cum suis juribus et pertinenciis, etc. Tali vero condicione interposita, vz. quod predictus dominus Willielmus et uxor sua predicta, ac eorum filii et heredes non impedient, per se vel alios, prefatos majorem et Dominicum, aut alios quoscunque eorundem nomine impetrare seu impetrari facere, verbo vel facto, rectoriam et vicariam de Furanmor, ac vicariam de Meary Enachdunensis diocesi, ad instanciam dicti collegii, sed ipsos et dictum collegium, ad hoc adjuvabunt, et ab in- sultibus et contradictione omnium et singulorum contradicentium, juxta posse defendent. Ita tamen quod predicti major et Dominicus, ac collegium predictum, tanquam pro speciali stipendio, gratia defensionis ejusdem collegii in hiis et aliis, concedent prefato domino Willielmo et Ricardo ipsius filio predicto, fructus et proventus prefate rectorie et vicarie de Furanmor, et vicarie predicte de Meary, post impetracionem ad instanciam collegii de hiis factam, usque ad mortem rectoris de Athnary, si interim, scilicet ante ipsius rectoris mortem, rectoriam et vicariam predictam de Athnary adepti non fuerint prefati, viz. dominus Willielmus aut Ricardus. Ita quod immediate post ipsius rectoris mortem vel ante, cum rectoriam et vicariam predictam de Athnary adepti fuerint, prefatum collegium gaudere habcat, sine aliqua contradictione, prefatis rectoria et vi- caria de Furanmor et vicaria de Meary, cum suis fructibus et obvencionibus. In fidem vero et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum, partes predicte sigillum prefati domini, domini Willielmi, uni parti harum indenturarum, ac sigilla prefati domini majoris et Dominici Lynch predicti, alteri parti apponi fecerunt. Datum apud Galwy xv. die mensis Januari Anno domini millesimo cccc°Lxxx°vi’. Et ulterius, si, quod absit, contingeret prefatum Ricardum de Burgo mori, antequam adeptus fuerit prefatam rectoriam et vicariam de Athnary, ac canonicatum et prebendam predictam, quod tunc obligantur prefati major et Dominicus impetrare omnia illa Theobaldo de Burgo ejusdem Ricardi germano, omnibus et singulis premissis in eorum effectu et ro- bore permanentibus. In fidem vero premissorum sigillum Gardiani prefati collegii presentibus indenturis est appensum.”—Orig. “ Unio 222 * Unio ecelesiarum de hyllcommuyn et Kyllruyn Collegio. “A.D. 1488. “LHS. “ Willielmus, miseracione divina, electus, consecratus metropolitanus Tuamensis, universis Christi fidelibus, presentes litteras visuris vel audituris, salutem, gratiam. et benedictionem, et presentibus fidem indubiam adhibere; universitati siquidem Vestre serie presencium innotescentes, ac votis illis gratum prestantes assensum, per que, precipuc in collegiatis ecclesils nostre jurisdiccioni subjectis, continue henedicatuar ultixsimus, uc divinus cultus nostris temporibus recipiat inerementum: qualiter consi- derantes exiguitate et tenuitate fructuum, reddituum et proventuum ecclesie vestre collegiate sancti Nicolai ville Galvie, in qua secundum nostrum = predecessorem et hostram ac apostolicam ordinacionem, Gardianus ut caput, ac octo vicarii ut membra, perpetue cum collegialibus insigniis divina officia celebrare, ac ecclesiastica sacra- menta ministrare teneantur, inter se prelatum et capitulum constituentes vicarias ecelesiarum parochialium de Kyllcommyn et Killruyn, nostre Enachdunensis diocesis predicte ecclesie collegiate perpetue ad sustentacionem predictorum Gardiani cet viii. Vieariorum predictorum, in honore Sancti Nicolai, sub cujus vocabulo dicta eeclesis ed Scata existit, Univimus, anneximus ct Incorporavimus, et per presentes unimus, annectimus et incorporamus. Ita quod Jiceat dictis Gardiano et vicariis, auctoritate propria, possessionem dictarum vicariarium, Juriumaque et pertinenciarum absque con- tradictione alicujus apprehendere, ipsarumgue fructuum et proventus in ipsorum usus prout ipsis videbitur secundum Deum ac dicti collerún utilitatem convertere. Ita tamen quod dicte vicarie debitis non defraudentur obsequiis, et animarum cura in eis nullatenus negligatur, ordinaria onera ccclesiastica supportentur. Datum = Galwie xxi’, die mensis Januari, sub nostri sigilli testimonio, anno Domini M.MILSLX XX VIII 9 et hostre conseerationis anno Secunde.”— Orig. “W. Joy. ‘** Manus propria.” * hettere inhihitoric pro ( ‘allequo dle Galrue contra Richardum I de Burgo, super orrvan. A. f). 1493. “I. H.S5S. * Willichmus, miseratione divina, urchiepiscopus Tuamensis, universis Christi fidelibus ad quos presentes littere pervencrint, salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Noverit universitas vestra, quad nos, visis quibusdam litteris apostelicis pro Ricardo De Burzo clerico Cloynfertensis diceesis, super rectoria et vicaria de Furan-mor, in nostre 223 nostre Enachdunensis diocesi, ac creatione novi canonicatus ad instanciam ejusdem Ricardi, et erectione unius illorum in prebendam, in guibus guidem litteris, inter cetera, asseritur et continetur, quod creatio et erectio predicta fieri habeant dum- modo ad ipsam noster accedat assensus. Nos igitur considerantes creationem et erectionem predictas, si fierent pro augmentacione cultus divini in ecclesia nostra Enachdunensis, non solum fore inutiles sed prorsus omnino inefficaces, prout per facti experientiam satis bene et luculentur sumus informati: nedum ad erec- tionem et creationem predictas, si fierent pro augmentacione cultus divini, prout non existit ut premittitur, nostrum non prestamus assensum; verum eciam ne fiant ob tales rationabiles causas, viz. ne in dicta ecclesia animarum cura ne- gligatur, et ipsa debitis defraudetur obsequiis; et quia in ecclesia ipsa cathedrali nullus cultus divinus propterea augeri speratur. Et eciam ac super omnia, quia pre- dicta rectoria ac vicaria ad collegium ecclesie sancti Nicholai ville Galwie, nostre eciam Enachdunensis diocesis, nostra unione et incorporatione cum suppletione omnium et singulorum defectuum, pertinere dinoscuntur, de cujus quidem collegii, et maxime in hac parte, gravi prejudicio agitur. Judicibus igitur, in dictis litteris deputatis, ne ad creationem et erectionem predictas aliquatenus procedant, delegata potestate subintel- lecta per condicionem in ipsis litteris appositam, et nostra ordinaria auctoritate expresse inhibemus. Et ne de dicta inhibitione in posterum hesitari contingat, pre- sentes litteras nostri sigilli munimine fecimus roborari. Datum Galwie xu. die mensis Novembris, sub nostri sigilli ac notarii publici nostri infrascripti scripture et subscriptionis testimonio. Anno Domini Millesimo cccc® nonagesimo secundo, et nostre consecrationis Anno septimo. ““W. Joy. [loc. sigil. ] ‘Et ego vero Williclmus Molgan clericus Enachdunensis diocesis, publi- cus, auctoritate Imperiali, notarius, quia cum omnia et singula premissa per dictum Reverendissimum in Christo Patrem ac dominum egerentur, dicerentur et fierent, una cum nonnullis prefatis aliisque clericis et laycis presens interfui; eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi: Ideoque, jussu et rogatu predicti domini nostri Archiepiscopi, omnia et singula premissa, per eum ut prefertur, anno, die, mense et loco quibus supra, Indictione vero XI. gesta seu facta, in hanc publicam formam reddegi; signo et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi, rogatus et requisitus, in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premisso- rum. ”— Orig. 224 “ Unio ecelesiarum de Shruther et Kenlagh, pro Collegio. “ud. D. 1501. “ Willielmus, miseratione divina, ‘Tuamensis archiepiscopus, dilectis filiis Wardiano ecclesie collegiate ville Galvie,ceterisque suis collegialibus fratribus, salutem in Domino sempiternam. Votis illis libenter annuimus et gratum prebemus assensum, per quem ec- clesiarum nobis subjectarum commoditatibus consolatur, ac venerabilium presbiteroram collegialiter viventium indigencie pariter et inopie succurratur, cultusque divinus nostris temporibus suscipiat incrementum. Hinc est, quod nos, fructuum, reddituum et proventuum vestre ecclesie collegiate a tanto vestro numero, exhilitatem et tenui- tatem, vestrumque eciam laborem in diurnis ct nocturnis officiis, quibus estia assidue mancipati, considerantes, et attente pre oculis habentes, vicarias parochialium ecclesis- rum de Sruther et Kenlaghyn, nostre Tuamensis diocesis, de mero concensu magistri Thome de Burgo, earundem ecclesiarum perpetul vicarii, ac spontanea sua voluntate, habito super hoc diligenti tractatu, predicte vestre ecclesie collegiate, perpetuo et Tealiter, salvis nostris ordinariis juribus et oneribus, nobis et antecessoribus nostris debitis et consuetis, unimus, annectimus et Incorporamus cum effectu, dummodo dicte vicarie debitis propterea non defraudentur obsequio, et animarum cura eisdem nulla tenus negligatur, set eorundem prorsus supportentur onera consucta. Nulli ergo omnino hominum, saltem nobis subjectorum, liceat hance paginam nostre unionis, an- nexionis et incorporacionis infringere, vel ei ausu temerario contraire. Si quis autem hoc attemptare presumpserit, indignacionem omnipotentis Dei et nostram se noverit incursurum. Datum Galvie, decimo septimo die mensis Augusti, sub nostri sigilli testimonio, Anno Domini millesimo quingentesimo primo.”—Orig. “ Confirmacio Walteri episcopi Cluanensis, pro Collegio. “© A. PD. 1506. * Walterus miseratione divina Cluanensis episcopus, ac eadem, per illustrissimum Regem Anghe Henricum septimum, ad ecclesiam metropoliticam Tuamensis presenta- tus: Universis Christi fidelibus has literas visuris vel audituris, salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Ad vegitacionem sive augmentum cultus divini, quem augmentare desi- derare, debemus non minus nes censemus obligates, quam nostri felici memorie in eadem Tuamensis ecclesia fucre intercessores, Donatus, viz. et Willielmus qui pro tempore rexerunt ecclesiam Tuamensis, qui spiritu sanieris consilii considerantes parochianos parochialis ecclesie Sancti Nicolai ville Galvie, Enachdunensis diocesis, modestos et morigeratos homines inter silvestres ac Montanos commoruntes, cisdem moribus cum pre- dictis montanis nun utentes, prupter impetraciones varias super vicaria dicte ecclesie 225 tunc per vicarios in antea solite gubernare, a prefate nacionis hominibus cotidie fiebant in tantum vexatos fore, quod secundum decenciam, ritum et modum Anglicanum quem tenebant, et eorum predecessores soliti fuerunt tenere ab antiquo, officia audire divina, et ecclesiastica percipere sacramenta non potuerint; et ab illis indoctis hominibus depredabantur, perturbabantur et interficiebantur, nonnullaque dampna et incommoda personarum et rerum sustinere cogebantur, et majora nisi eis celeri remedio succur- retur proferre habebant verisimiliter infuturum: plena deliberacione super hoc preha- bita, antedictus Donatus primo ecclesiam predictam Sancti Nicholai in Collegiatum erexit, et pro sustentacione vicariorum et Gardiani in illa deputatorum, prout in literis desuper confectis, quartam Archiepiscopalem dicte parochie ville Galvie, pro se et suis successoribus in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, unacum aliis donacionibus inibi expressis, donavit, et ad dictam ecclesiam collegiatam pleno jure pertinere voluit, ac alia ibi ordinavit. Acdemum Willielmus suus successor, ut eo firmius illa donacio, con- cessio et ordinacio illibate perdurent, quo fuerint majori rob.............-08. volens adjicere sui munimenis firmitatem, predictas donacionem, concessionem et ordi- nacionem, etiam per sedem apostolicam confirmatas, ratum et gratum habuit, ac dictam erectionem, et omnia quecunque inde secuta, ex certa sciencia confirmavit et ratifica- vit, rata, et grata et confirmata declaravit, prout in literis suis intuentibus potest apparere. Nos vero antefatus Walterus predictas ereccionem in collegiatum, ac quarte archiepiscopalis donacionem, concessionem, ordinacionem et confirmacionem a nostris predecessoribus, pro suarum et nostrarum salute animarum factas, ratum, gratum et firmum, in quantum possumus, habemus. Et hoc sub warantizacione, fidejussione et intercessione Dei et hominum. Et ne de hujusmodi ratificacione ab aliquibus impos- terum hesitari contingat, presentibus sigillum nostrum quo utimur ad majora duximus apponendum. Datum Galvie sexto die mensis Aprilis, Anno Domini Millesimo quin- gentesimo sexto.”—Orig. It appears by the foregoing deed of confirmation that Walter Blake, Bishop of Clon- macnois (for whom see Harris’s Ware, vol. i. pp. 174, 613), was appointed by Henry VII. to the see of Tuam; which must have taken place between the death of Arch- bishop Pinson, in A. D. 1503, and the above date. This appointment was not known to Harris, who mentions, however, a previous provision for the same, by Pope Sixtus IV., which never took effect, having been made in the life-time of Donatus O’Murray. Bishop Blake never filled the see of Tuam, Pope Julius II. having advanced the celebrated Morogh O’Fihely (better known by the name of Maurice de Portu) thereto. He was (probably) the Walter Blake, brother of Geffrey, who appears, s. p. in the genealogical fragment, ante, p. 213. IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. 2G Receptio 226 “Receptio Sanduri Lynche et Anastacie ejus Uxoris, inConfraternitatem Fratram minorum. “A.D. 1521. * Thesus semper assit. e Di]ectis suis in Christo Sandar Lynche fytz-Johanni, et Anastacie Lynche cjus uxori, Deo et. beato Francisco devotis, frater David O hyrella ordinis fratrum minorum, super omnes fratres in provincia Hybernie provincialis minister, salutem in Domino, ac bonis perfrui sempiternis. Pius vestre devocionis affectus, quem ad ordinem geritis exigencia digne requirit, ut quia in temporalibus non possumus vicem vestre caritati respondere, in spiritualibus tamen quam in nobis suppetit, et prout in nostris apud Deum desideriis servamus, vobis recompensare debemur; propter quod, vos ad contra- ternitatem nostram, et ad universa et singula fratrum nostrorum suffragia, in vita recipio pariter et in morte, plenam vobis et specialem participacionem omnium spiritualium bonorum, viz. missarum, orationum, suffragiorum, officiurum......, devocionum, medi- tacionum, predicacionum, lectionum, jejuniorum et abstinenciarum, disciplinarum, vigilarum,............ laborum, ceterorumque bonorum spiritualium vobis gratiosse conferendy, que per ffratres mihi commissos, fieri dederit auctor omnium bonurum Dei filius, ut multiplici suffragiorum presidio adjuti, et hic augmentum gratie, et in futuro mereamini eterne vite premia possidere. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum mei officii duxi presentibus appendendum. Datum in nostro conventu montis fernandi, Anno Domini M.CCCC.XX1."—Oriy. ‘*Conventum inter Donaldum O Flaherty et Vardianum Galcie. 1.7). 1527. “Jn Dei nomine, Amen, hujus presentis instrument serie, cunctis innotescat quod anny protunc Domini MDAXVIT, et ror. Henrici octavi xxix. die quarto mensis Mail, coram Richard, Martyn, majore ville Galvie, cum diversis conburgensibus ejas- dem ville, in mei notarii presentia infrascripti, testiumaque infraseriptorum presentia, personaliter constituti, nobilis vir, viz. Donaldus O'Flaherty, decanus Enachdunensis, parte ex una, et Wilhelmus ©*Donchu vardianus hujus prelibate ville Galvie, de et cum consilio et assensu omnium vicariorum ejusdem collezii parte ex altera, unanimi assensu confederati et concerdati sunt; necnon eciam, et tactis primitus sanctis evan- vellis, reeyproce ac mutue sibi ipsis benefacere fideliter promiserunt, et se firmiter obligaverunt modo et forma sequentibus: viz. quod prefutus Donaldus debet et tenetur, prout per presentes se obligavit, semper a tempore dati presencium, durante vita sua, protizere ac deflendere ipsos vardianum et viearios, qui pro tempore fucrint, necnan et Mos procuratores, firmarios et omnes suos subdites, in ipsorum dominio, decimis, ob- lacionibus, obvencionibus, juribus, fructibus, et pertinenciis quibuscunque, contra et versus Bernardum O'Flaartey ; necnon et omnes et singulos alios existentes sub potestate predicti 227 predicti Donaldi, aut versus quos habebit ullam potestatem: Ita, viz. quod predictus Donaldus debet et tenetur presentare et exhibere antedictis vicariis, quaamcumque per- sonam, dampnum aliquod eis ferrentem, aut ejus sufficientia pignora, in omnibus quibus judicio curie ejusdem ville condemnatum erit; aut idem Donaldus ex suis propriis pro tali persona satisfacere realiter tenetur: necnon similiter omnes existentes sub potestate ipsius Donaldi, qui tempore elapso, aliquod dampnum ipsis vicariis fecit, excepto predicto Bernardo: si hec probare valeant tales delinquentes aut eorum pignora, dictus Donaldus ipsis vicariis prout debet, ipsis vicariis propter dampna jam eis illata, ipsum Bernardum in utroque foro prosequentibus, ipso Donaldo dictos vicarios suosque firmarios, contra ipsum Bernardum et alios quoscumque, a tempore dati presencium, durante vita sua, fideliter, ut premittitur, defendente, et protigente. Insuper si pre- dicti Vardianus et vicarii conquerelati fuerint de neccligencia ipsius Donaldi in premissis quoad preterita, stabit et stare debet......... et arbitrio domini Patricii Kyrwan, Marcii ac Nicholai Stephani Lynche, unacum majore qui pro tempore fuerit. Sed quantum ad futura, judicio majoris et curie, idem Donaldus cum ipsis vicariis stare debet et tenetur, ipsis vicariis suisque successoribus, pro bono statu ipsius Donaldi, devote et quotidie orantibus, denique supplicantibus, in recompensacione premissorum. In quorum omnium premissorum fidem et testimonium, ambe partes me infrascriptum publicum notarium desuper hoc instrumentum conficere rogarunt, cum subscripcioni- bus dicti Vardiani et Nicholai Lynche, pro dicto Donaldo. Hiis testibus presentibus, viz. Willielmo Martyn, Anthonio Lynche, Stephano Jacobi Lynche, Marco et Nicholao Lynche, Phinano O’Hallurayn, cum multis aliis. Datum, Galvie, die, mense et anno quibus supra.—Nicholaus Molgan, publicus Notarius.”—Orig. “* Confirmacio beneficiorum pro Collegio. “A.D. 1541. é“ Christophorus, miseratione divina, Tuamensis archipresul, universis et singulis Christi fidelibus, has nostras literas inspecturis, pariterque audituris, salutem atque fidem indubiam adhibere. Universitati vestre, tenore presencium, innotescimus, qua- liter honorabilis vir, magister Thomas, Stephani, Dominici Lynche, protunc ville Regis Galvie major, ceterique ejusdem ville generosi burgenses, clarissime nobis ex- possuerunt, quod, salubri sagacitate ac laudabili industria, bone memorie viri venera- bilis ac locorum ubique percelebris Dominici Lynche suorumque omnium comburgen- cium collegium viii. vicariorum et unius wardiani, ex et cum institucione bone memorie Reverendissimi domini Donati y Mureadhayd, quondam Tuamensis archi- episcopi, necnon cum confirmacione Romani episcopi, juxta modum antiquitus obser- vatum, in.....habuerunt. Et consequenter ut predictum collegium, eo modo, eaque 2G2 forma 228 furma, quibus in sui primaria institucione ordinatum erat, sub patrocinic atque tuicione majoris ac tucius curie ville Regis Galvie, cum confirmacione omnium benefi- clorum, que protunc illud collegium quicte et juste possidcbat, et aliorum beneficio- rum, quibus predictum collegium potestate seu tirranitate laicali hactenus spolhiatum existit, ad presens tamen juris communis ac Regia disposicione quuad laicos, et eciam clericos detentores vacancium, nova collaciune, confirmaremus, humiliter supplicavit. Nos igitur antefatus archiepiscopus, predicti Thome Lynche Galvie majoris, suurum- que omnium fratrom et coimnburgensiuin justis ae piis peticionibus inclinati, cunside rantes eciam predictum collegium laudabili divorum servicio, ac divini cultus mirv exercicio sedulo et ferventer intendere seu auscultare, de consilio nostrorúm suffra- ganeorum in provinelali consilio nobis astancium, ac illius sacre congregacionis ditkni- torum, sepedictum collegium cum omnibus suis beneficiis, que ad presens quiete ac juste possidet, confirmamus, necnon omnia alia beneficia quondam per anteseriptum collegium possessa, posteaque per alios occupata, disposicione, ut prediximus Regis nunc vacantia, eidem collegio cum omnibus suis juribus ct pertinenciis, conferimus et assignamus : ipsum collegium, seu alum ejus nomine, in corporalem et actualem possessionem illorum beneticiorum noviter sepedicty collegio collatorum, inducentes, omnes illicitus detentores exinde prorsus amovendo, Datum Galvie, 25 die mensis Aprilis anno invictissimi rem Regis Henrict octavi 33.”—Oreg. From the foregoing instrument, we find that the Archbishop of Tuam, Christopher Bodikyne, had admitted the King’s supremacy. In it he styled the Pope merely * Romanus Episcopus.” But in a subsequent instrument executed in the reign of Philip and Mary (which see, p. 233), gave the Pope his usual title of dignity, and alluded to the past changes as a schism, “ tempore preteriti scismatis.” Afterwards in the reign of Elizabeth, Archbishop Bodikyne again conformed té the religion of the state, and consequently retained his see. This prelate died. according to Ware. = full of days,” in A.D. 1572. "a ain ordre in the behalfe of the Colledye aqainel Richande Blake and his Hleirea. A. /). 1542. Memorandum that upon suche debate and variaunce depending betwixt one Richard Blake of this the K® towne of Galwey of that one partic, und the warden and Corall vickeryes of the sam towne of that other partie. concernyng certayn yerely rent appoynzhted perpetually to the Colledge, for augmentacion of Divyne Service: the said Richard suppoossinge the said warden and viekeryes to levie and reze yerely more than their duetie of hym: the said Wykeryes and Warden supposing and alledg- mn hyim to holde certiyn porcon of suche rent due unto theim verely té their grett arrerags 229 arrerags and losses. Whereabouthes he the said Ric. purchassed nowe of late the K® writt of Sbpena agenst certayn of the said corall vickerys, as Sir Johan. Bremegham late Warden, and Sir Roger Cornell, whiche notwithstanding, the said Richard by his owne free wyll, And also S' Patrick Blake warden, with all his conbrethern, corall vickeryes of the sam, premitting their juraments upon the holly Ewangelistes, sub- mitted themselfs and become bounde, the one partie unto the other, in payne of one houndred poundes sterling to stande, abyde and performe the ordere, adwarde, lawde, and judgement of us, Mr. Henry Joes, inayor of the sam town, James Skeret, Richard Martyn, John Ffrenche, Thomas Lynche, Thomas Martyn, and Nicholas Blake, bur- genses of this self town: Wherfor we the fornamed Judges elected by the said parties, with mature deliberacion and circumspecte consideracion of al] their variaunce, have Judged, adwarded and Decred the said Richard and his heires and executores to pay, or cause to be paid, to the Warden et vikeryes for the tyme being for evere more, not onely x11.” iiii"d. sterling, yerely in and for the tenement or houses next to the lytell yeat att the weste syde, according his granfather John Blaks testament, but als and as well viii.” sterling lyckewyse yerely, for every acker of lande that he the said Richard hawe and shall hawe of the xl. ackres being without the town, as the auncient Dede made by his progenitores doth specifie; which ded hath ben allued and con- fermed be the court and consaill of the sam town, as the decre thereupon yeven in the favor of the said Warden and vickeryes conteyned more att large; without any further vexsacion or excepcion to the contrary, under the peayne to for expressed : and also have adwarded and decred the said Richard his heires et successores to be quite and fullye dischardged in all other suche rent that the said Warden and corall vyckeryes proclamed of hym beforce of the said auncient Dede: And from hence forthe the said Richarde and his successores to be good and comfortable aideres to the warden and wyckeryes for the tyme being ; and they as well kynde and lowing ora- tores unto hym and his successores for evere more, without any further vexacion or truble: prowydith allways Richard Blake to retorne the forsaid writt in full dis- charge of the said Sir Roger and Sir John, under the peyne to for mencioned. Yeven att galwey the xi. day of Octobre, the xxxiiii" yere of the Reigne of our Soveraigne Lorde King Henry theight 1542: and our sealls and seigne manuells. Prowydeth the said Ric. and his coheires to be fully discharged concernyng Gylle Blake and Thomas Dof Blakes porcion of the rent within the town. “ HARRY JOES, mayre. “ JaMES SKERRETT. “Tuomas MARTIN. ‘““RYCHARD MARTYN. “ Per me RICHARD BLAKE. ‘Per my, JOHN BLAKE FYZ RICHARD.” “ Tomas Lyncu. Orig. “ JOHAN. FFRENCHE. For the ‘“‘auncient Dede” here referred to, see ante, p. 215. “* Morgadg 13 Ri es res ach Enna SEEN Aí SIE” Idir a AE TE. Ss Ide ns uad? Má ren. ave 8 - a © om ee" - Ae i us i os Te .-- 230 Morgady of the juelles of y° Chyrche “A.D. 1546. “ Be it knownn to theim that ben present and to come, that we Thomas Kyrwan and Richard Bodykyn of Galwey merchaunts, proctores of Sanct Nicholas is chyrche of Galwey aforsaid, by the will and assent of Mr. Stephen Lynche mayor, and uthers the good m™ of the said towne, hawe yeve and concesse to James Lynche fitz-Ric. of the sam towne merchaunt, the grete crose of shylver, two sconces of shylver, two candell or tapire styckes of shylver, a pyxe for the sacrament, with fuuer chalices of shylver, apperteanyng to the said chyrche, to gadge or pledge for thre score poundes sterlinge ; which the said James imployde and bestowed in glase, lede, woexe, candel- styeks and lectorne of brase, and certayne bryck being very necessary and nydytull for the reparacon and usadge of the said chyrche. To hawe and to holde all the said juells, chylvere or plate aforsaid, and every parcell thereof, to the said James Lynche his heires and assignes for ever; to suche tyme he or they shalbe paid in the said thr: score poundes sterling: with this condicion, that at eny tyme we the said proctores, or otheres for the tyme beinge proctores, shall or due pay or cause to be paid to the said James his heires or exceutores, the said thre score poundes sterling, that then this writting be woyd and of non effecte, and the said juelles, all and every parcell thereof, to returne to the service and usadge of the said chyrche, in fermor state, this writting in every thing notwithstanding. In Wittenes whereof, we caused our me- raltie seale of the said towne to be set hereto, with our seigne manuell, the xx" of Novembre the xxxvii™ yere of the mouste prosperus reigne of of Soveraigne Lorde, King Henry theight, 1546.—Tuomas KYRVANE, proctowre.” [ Loc. Sigil. ]—Orig. It is probable that the foregoing curious transfer was nothing more than a device or cover to protect the few articles which, after the previous confiscation, had re mained for the public service of religion. About this time the Corporation deter- mined to surrender the church and college, and all their ceclesiastical pussessiona, to the Crown; as appears by the following petition to that effect, prepared for presen- tation to King Henry VIL Ad ercellentizsimum principem Henrico Octavum, Reyem ac Dominum nostrum. é Serenis-imam Regie Majestatis Excellenciam, cjus celcitudini, veri, ligei, fideles -ubditi et oratores ussidui, maior, conburzenses et communitas ville sue Galvie, clavis Conacie, infra regnum suum Thibernie, qui inter rebelles silvestres ac montanos hiber- hieos existunt, candem villam versus cosdem, propriis sumptibus cum quotidianis vigiliis, nomine sue excellentiv, manutenentes et diligenter defendentes, omni humili- tate et honore quibus decet, supplicant et implorant, quatenus collegium ecclesie sancti Nicholai, 231 Nicholai, parochiis ejusdem ville sue Galvie Diocesis Enachdunensis...... videlicet, Guardiani et octo vicariorum collegialium, more Anglorum debite et honeste erudito- rum, in uns aula ac mensa comorancium, cum quotidiano cantus servicio, quondam per Reverendissimum in Christo patrem Dominum Donatum tune Archiepiscopum Tuamensem, prelibate ecclesie ratione perpetue unionis, ordinarium, auctoritate ordi- naria, primitus supplicacione et precibus dicte communitatis, fundatum et institutum, atque de quarta sua Episcopali in quibusdam aliis beneficiis ac unionibus donatum, communia, ut tunc moris fuerat, per Episcopum Romanum vel ejus auctoritate con- firmatum. Nunc denuo, regia auctoritate, graciose fundaretur, et institueretur, aut in pristinum statum confirmaretur, cum gardino et duodecim vicariis, utque in pos- terum, re et nomine, Collegium Regis nominaretur, reputaretur et acciperetur, imper- petuum, per eosdem majorem, ballivi et comburgenses, qui pro tempore fuerint, ejusdem ville, auctoritate Regia, regendum, gubernandum et defendendum, cum privi- legio exemptionis a Diocessani ac ordinaria alia quacumque jurisdictione, regia et ipsorum majoris et comburgensium, qui pro tempore fuerint, eyusdem ville auctori- tate et jurisdictione duntaxat exceptis; per quos vero majorem et burgenses sicut hac- tenus, nomine Regis, ex predictis vicarlis, unus guardianus, de anno in annum, sit elegendus, et vicarii ad presentacionem eorum majoris, ballivorum et comburgensium, per guardianum et convicarios, more hactenus usitato, elegendi, per ipsos vero majorem, ballivos et conburgenses, corrigendi, puniendi ac inde penitus ejiciendi, et removendi juxta sua merita et demerita sint, imperpetuum. Pro augmentacione vero divini cultus, ac ampliori sustentacione dictorum Guardiani et duodecim vicariorum colle- gialium, ac aliorum inibi serviencium, ex habundantissima Regie Majestatis gratia, Rectoriam ejusdem ecclesie collegiate, jure quo nescitur, hactenus et nunc per monacos ac abbatem monasterii collis victorie, ordinis Cisterciencium Tuamensis diocesis pre- dicte, sub colore unionis occupatam, propter quam infinite contenciones et discordie inter rebelles, diversis temporibus, emerserunt; in grave dampnum, depredacionem et depaupertacionem communitatis predicte ville Galvie, predicto collegio donari et uniri prememorati major, ballivi et communitas ferventer supplicant, postulant et requirant ; unacum perpetua unione et confirmatione omnium et singulorum beneficiorum, Jurium et pertinencium, que, jure ordinario vel alio quocunque modo, ad dictum collegium, devenerunt, pertinebant aut pertinere vel concernere debebant, principaliter et pre- cipue vicaria et quarta episcopalis ejusdem ecclesie Sancti Nicholai, cum desertuosis rectoriis et vicariis de Rahuyn, Maycollyn, et Foran more ac Rosqguam; necnon et aliis exiguiis vicariis de Cuayer, Kylcomyn, Meary predicte diocesis, eciam vicaria de Skryn, que omnis et singula queque, quite possessa, tam desertuosa, infructuosa et exigua sunt, et minime sufficiunt ad debitam sustentacionem eorum guardiani et vicariorum, suorumque 232 suorumque servitorum, adcoque propter inopiam, communem mensam quibusdam tem- poribus anni cos deserere oportct. Ea propter, non solum debitam confirmaciunem, corroboracionem ac perpectuam unionem omnium et singulorum terrarum, tenemente- rum, messuayiorum, rerum, reddituum, sensuum, et revercionum, ex conces=ienibus, sutfragiis, elemosinis aut legatis que eidem collegio, pro sua sustentacione aut augmen- tacione divini cultus in eodem, hactenus concessa, aut in posterum concedenda vel assignanda sunt per quoscunque. Verum eciaim ut loca sive monasteria in franchisiis dicte ville Galvie extra muros, in quibus fratres mendicantes consueverunt residere, jus sepulture, decimas. neque privilegia aliqua mendicantibus concessa haheant. new ullatenus habere valeant, nec servientes in eislem premissis de cetero gaudere presu- mant, immo cadem monasteria cum pertinenciis, pro capellis eidem collegio, et pro augmentacione il)! serviencium assignari, prefati major et communitas supplicant ac plurimum desiderant, ex uberiori autem gratia, de mera et largissima Regis excellen- cle liberalitate, in perpetuam clemosinam officium sue serenitatis, quod vulyariter dicitur fees, aut reversionem ejusdem, cum suis fructibus et pertinenciis, in ealem villa Galvie, completo saltim termino seu firma honesto viro Roberto Cowly, nuper mavistro Rotulorum Regis Cancellarie hujus regni Hibernie, inde dchita et assignata, pro augmentacione numeri, ac divini cultus, et sustentacione ampliori eyusdem Colle gil, assignari et graciose concedi, omni diligentia qua possint sue celcitudinis, ac leget fidelissimi oratores Regia majestatem cum fiducia, prelibati Major, ballivi, burgen- ses et comunitas sulicitant, supplicant et implorant, adeoyue servientes in dicto coi- legio, de die in diem, pro bono statu ac prosperitate Regie serenitatis predecessorum et successorum ejus, iinperpetuum, preces animose fundere valeant, eciam et coge rentur, ut quoque aures sue Majestatis potius premissis inclinarentur.”—Orig. King Henry VILL. died before the foregoing petition could be presented, It was afterwards re-directed, and presented to his suecessor, Edward VI, who thereupon eranted the charter, under which the warden and vicars hold to this day. It is stated in this petition, that the monks of the abbey de Colle Victorie, Knock- moy (fer which see Archdall’s Monaaticon, p. 266), possessed the rectory of the col- legiate church, “jure quo nescitur.? But the origin of the right has since been ascertained, and will be found in the following passage in our author's Ogygia, “Inter excerpta R. P. Francisei Brown Capucini é vetustis Patria indefatigahili cura undequaque quasitis membranis é seripto quodam poené vetustate exesu reperio Comitem de. Muntir-moroghow cum consensu Caroli Regis Connactia dedisse E. D. Abbati,& Conventui de Knockmuy Leamacuan Paqum in Clanterg ,.. 0... (1) Testi- bus pre-entibus Carolo Rege Connactia, E. D. filo ejus, C. Archiepiscopo Tuamensi, H. Epixcopo Anaghdunensi, L. Elfinensi, D. Comite Mazluirg., F. O. Flanegagn, D. Maccuiraghty, 233 Maccoiraghty, & T. Cormacain cantore.—(f.) Clanfergaile regiuncula 24 Pagorum, in qua nunc Galvia.”—Ogyg. p. 30. “ Dispensacio pro Nicholao Blake et Sescilia uxore ejus. “A.D. 1556. “ Universis sancte matris ecclesie filiis ad quos presentes pervenerint: Cristopho- rus, miseracione divina et Apostolice sedis gratia, Tuamensis archiepiscopus, Salutem in Domino sempiternam: Cum dilecti nobis in Christo Nicholaus Johannis Blak et Sescilia Lynche, layci dicte nostre diocesis, non obstante quod in pari quarto equali totidem dispari consanguinitatis gradibus attingunt, matrimonium in facie ecclesie, tempore preteriti scismatis contraxerunt, illudque carnaliter consumarunt, et prolem inde procreaverunt, unde nobis humiliter supplicarunt ut impossita eis penitencia salutari pro incestu jam comisso, et in eodem contracto matrimonio amplius legittime remanere valerent, prolem susceptam et suscipiendam legittimam decernendo: auc- toritate sedis Apostolice cum cis benigne dispensare dignaremur : Cum enim summus pontifex Paulus quartus Reginaldo, miseracione divina, sancte Marie in Cosmedin sancte Romane ecclesie prespitero cardinali, ac in regnis Anglie et Hibernie de latere legato, concessit ut cum talibus in eisdem regnis dispensare valeret: necnon etiam potestatem subdelegandi aliis prelatis in suis diocesibus eidem cardinali comisit. Cum enim nos eandem potestatem ab eodem cardinali in nostris diocesibus accepimus, cum prefatis Nicholao et Sescilia eadem auctoritate qua fungimur in hac parte dispensa- mus, et dispensatum esse declaramus per presentes, ut illis expressis impedimentis non obstantibus legittime amplius remanere valeant impossita eis penitentia salutari pro modo culpe, prolem susceptam et suscipiendam legittimam decernendo. Datum sub nostri sigilli testimonio, die Martii secundo, anno 1556. “ CRISTOPHORUS TUAMEN. ‘* M. propria.” — Orig. “ Confirmacion by Richard Blake, of his Auncestors Gifts to the Colledge. “A.D. 1558. " Mem. that whereas the warden and corall viccaries of Galway apiered before and in presence of the maior and councill of Galway, and alledgeth how that on Richard Blake of the sam bourgees, dothe ussurpp and detainethe from them, certain yerly rents due unto them, upon certain lands and tenements legated to them be the sept of Blakes, to say, William, Cille, Henry,.Walter fitz-John yong, and Henry fitz- Thomas duf Blak, without assent, which rents the said Ric. holdeth wronguffully all theasse xv. yers paste, and therupon broght present, note onely thold donacconn and IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. 2H deade 234 deade of the said Blaks, but also showth fourthe a decrey given in ther ffaivor. con- cerning the same rents, bearing date at Galway the rx." of January an" r. r. Henrici octavi primo, MDIX. together and an arbitrement made betuxt them and the said Bic. concerning the same mater, bearing date at Galway the x1." day of October an’ r. r. H. octa. XXXIIII. [1542] wherein the said Richard, his heirs and assignes, was con- dempned to pay unto the said wardean, viccaries and to ther successoures, the wholl quantitie and somes mencioned in the said old deade made and delivered by the said Blakes. And considering the sam in every condicon requiereth the mayor and concell aforsaid, not onely to compell the said Richard to restore unto them tharre- radgs of theass xv. yers past, but also and as well to compell the said Richard and his heires to seass from henstourth of his unjuste usurpasson in that behalf. The said Richard therunto answered and said, that altho the said mater to be alwais judgid and arbitird agenst him and against his fortathers, yet he afirmeth that in the sam arbitrement it was adwardid to him, to have suche pledge as the said wardian and vicarres had of him; and said also that he holdeth the sam anuall rents onely for his pledges, and not for any other contradiccon or contempt of his predecessoures dona- cions. And requiereth to have his said pledge, and, having the sam, he is content to contirm his forfather’s graunts, graunted to the said colladge, as well of him during his natural] lyf, as also of and trom his heirs and assigns for evermor. So the said wardian and viccariis consultid together, and be conssent of the mayor and consaill aforsaid, in awoyding fourther chardges or demaunds to ensue in that behalf, therfor imediately, the wardian and vicariis delivered unto thands of the said Blak, wholl payment and ffull satiystaccion in all his demaunds, to his owen deassir and full con- tentacon, And lyckwiss the said Richard, and his sonn and principall heir, John Blak, tendering the benediceon of ther predeccessours, and also fearing the malle- diccon and cours of ther said torfathers, which at ther wills might make ther franck xlmes (ad pias cuusas) and to thentent, that the said Richard and John, ther heirs and assigns, may be nombered amongest that rest of ther said predecessours, and to thazumenctacon of God’s divin servic, quotidially ussid in the said churche be the said wardian, viecariis and ther suceessours for ever mor. Ther for we the said Richard and John, of or owen voluntary wills, tor and in the honor of God, do hierby thease presents confirm, not onely all and singler our said forther’s graunts, donacons and witts, given to the said wardian and viecariis, and to ther suceessours, in ther owen kvnnds and in every condiccon, as in thold donaccons maketh mencon, within and without Galway, as the divicon is made, and as it is written be partialls in the said colladgs bowke; but also and as well we do giv and graunt unto the said wardian und vieeariis, and to their suceessours, all and singuler the said rents, as fower marks sterling 235 sterling yerly within and without Galway, upon the veray sam lands and tenements as mak mencon in the said colladge is bowke, any clames, titells, challandgs or rights that we have had, or that hierafter our heirs or assignis might have hadd, or of right ogt to have in any the said yerly rents, to the contrary notwithstanding. And lyck as our said predeccessours willed and comaunded us to obey and perform ther wills, upon payn of ther mallediccon or curs, lyckwiss we do chardge and comaund all or heirs, successours and assignis, into whoss hands any parte or parcells of the said lands or tenements cometh, to obey and performe this our donacon, ffrom tyme to tym, and pay the said anuall rents as in the said colladg bouk menconed, and this upon payn of our curss and mallediccons. Alwais requiering thordinary for the time beinge, to causs the sam to be observed, and lickwiss comaunding the maior for the tyme being to se the same put in execucon accordingly, upon payn menconed in the said old donacons. To have and to hold the said yerly rents perpetually for evermore, to the said wardian, vicariis and to ther successours, of and from us our heirs, executours and assignis for evermor be theass presents. In witnes hierof, we not only confirmid the said arbitrement with our hands, but also and for the more assuraunc set hier- unto our signis and sealls, and willid the notary to writ and sign the sam, at Galway the third day of Marche, annis r. r. Phi. et Marie quarto et quincto, MDLvmI°. Being present, the Reverend father in God Cristopher archebusopp of Tuamencis, Mr. Jamy Linch fitz-Ric. maior, Ric. and Walter Linch bailivis, Jamy Kyrevan and David Kyrewan proctouris of the said churche, Thomas Martin Johnneg and Nichas Linch fitz-Stephen, Thomas and Nichas Blak, and Thomas Colman Notary, and other divers. —per me, Richard Blake fyz-Sefre—per my, John Blake fyz-Rychard.”—Orig. “ Order touching Srowher, etc. ““ A. D. 1569. “ By the L. Presydent and Counsell of Connaghte. “ Where as complaint hath bene made unto us by the Warden and Collegiatts of St. Nycholas churche of Galway, that John Boorke, nowe Cheryfe of Connaght, and Walter and Willm. Boourke fitz John fitz Meyller wrongfully dispossessed them ot the profitts and fruicts of the vicaradges of Srowher, Skryne in Tome, and Kenlagh (parcell of the lyvinge united unto their sayd colledge), pretending title there unto in the right and behalf of Sir John m“ Willm prest, Dermot O Rowan and John O Do- roghe: against whome the sayd Warden and collegiats produced an order before us, in the deffence of their title, passed and geven by Sir Thomas Cusak and others her Mat“ comyssioners; whereby it dose appeare that the sayd John m* Willm, Dermot O Rowane and John O Doroghe had not any lawfull title or intereste, in or to the 2H 2 said 236 said premysses, and the above named deffendants, being also called, to answere before us, cowld shewe nothing matteriall to deffeat the same. We, therefore, after due hearing and examenyng of the matter, do confyrme and rattiffie the sayde order taken by the sayd Comyssioners, us just, and agreeing with equit & good conscyence. And also, do, by theis presents, order, adiudge adwarde and decree that the sayd John Boorke, sheryfe, and Walter und Willm. Boourke shall hensfourthe in no wyse inte- rupte or moleste the pls; of or in their quiet and peaceable possession and enjoying the vicarrodgs of Srowher, Skryne in Tome, and Kenlagh aforesayd, but shall suffer them or their assignes, in quiet and peaceable maner, to receve, perceive, and tak up, from tyme to tyme, all such fruicts, profyts and comodyties, whatsoever, to them helonging, without eny theire lett or ympechment. And further, it is orderd that the sheryfe, John Boorke, shall sattistie the sayd complaynents of or fur all things taken up by hym, synce the date of the above menconed order (which was takene the Vii. of January 1568.) savinge for such of the sayd profitts as he enjoyed by the graunt of John M* Willm prest, who served as currate in the sayd viccaradge of Skryne, (under the suyd pls.) being the iii.” parte of the profitts of the Benefice afure- suyd (and this in consyderacon of a contract made with the sayd John Boorke) whych wii." parte also he shall only have for the tyme paste, and hensfourthe shall torgoe and disclayme frome the whole, permytting the p". the quiet and peaceable possession & sysyne of the premysses, without his disturbance, so as the said p". viz. the Wardene and collegeats, and their successours, have not further cause to com- playne, Yeven at Gallway the x." of December 1569. * Concordat cum originali. "" JoHN Crortoy, Cons. Con."—Oneg. hé Tnquisittio of the Dutiesand Rights of St. Nicholas hia Churche, 4. DD. 1609. w Vieu ffranei plegii of our Soveraigne 1. and kinge, James, in the wii" veare of his raigue of Englande, France and Irelande, and of Scotland the xhi. tacken before Oliver Brown mayor of the town of Galwey, Ni- cholas Ftreneh titz-Peeter, and Dominicke Browne, bailiffs of the same, by thinquisittione and outh of the persons following, tutelning such duties as belonzeth unto the parishe churche of Saint Nicholas in Gallwey afore salde, according the old ancient coustome. tuc out of mynde, used, tu be collected and taeken up by the Church Wardisue, tor the tyme being, towards the reparacione of the said church. viz. Vumine SB 237 “ Nomina Juratorum. - Ulicke Lynch fitz-Edd. of Gallwey, alderman. - Thomas Browne of the same, alderman. . Anthony Kirvane of the same, merchaunt. James Lynch fitz-Henry the younger of the same, merchaunt. . Arthur Lynch fitz-James of the same, merchaunt. . Patricke Blake fitz-John of the same, merchaunt. . Edmund Athie of the same, merchaunt. . Martine Lynch fitz-Martine of the same, merchaunt. . Arthur Bodkyne of the same, merchaunt. - Nicholas Martyne fitz-John of the same, merchaunt. . Christophor Bodkyne fitz-Richard of the same, merchaunt . Clement Kirvane fitz-Patrick of the same, merchaunt. - Martine Bige of the same, merchaunt. 14. Teig Ballaghe of the same, showmaker. 15. Gillepatricke m* Coghlane of the same, weawer. 16. Dermott m' ffollane of the same, brogmakere. 17. Willm O Many of the same, cottner. | 18. Walter Shoy of the same, Taylour. 1g. Nicholas Nolane of the same, Goldsmyth. 20. Muriertagh M° Inylley of the same, Glower. 21. Donnell O’Mollhane of the same, Cooper. 22. Connor Duffe of the same, Fisherman. 23. Davy O'Ffodaghe of the same, Boathmun. 24. Loughlin of the same, fresh-water fisherman. oo ~3 AM Ww Nm Ó so — w- ge. =m ome to 4, First, we fynde, that according the olde ancient custome, the heires or exec. of every gent. fremane, Burgesse or merchaunt of this towne, their wiffs or children, of what degree soever he or they be, that shall departe this worlde, is to deliver or pay unto the church wardain, towards the reparacon of the church aforesaid, the second hest garment (viz. gowne or cloke) he, or they soe departed had at the tyme of his death, or the value thereof, at the choies or discretion of the said heire or exec. “Ttem, we ffynd that all the comonaltie or laymen of the said towne, which hath or would have there buriull within the body of the said parish church, are to pay or de- liver the best cloacke or maunttell he or they soe departed had at the tyme of his death, or the just value thereof, to the church wardian, towards the reparacion aforesaid, or otherwise to be buried in the church-yard. “2. Item, 238 a. Item, we ffynd, that all and every vong artificer of the inhabitants of this towne or the subarbes thereof, viz'. as massons, carpenters, joyners, houppers, fresh watter and salt watter fishers, gold smythes, blake smythes, brassers or pott makers, tinckers. peatterers, English and Irish tayolors, Irish and English showmakers, glowers, weawers. and cottoners, with all and every other craft, science or trade what soever he or they be of, shall at his first coming to be free with the rest of his professed occupation, before he exercise, or occupie his arte, sattisfhe and pay unto the church wardeine, fiv shil- linges ster. towarde the reparacion aforesaid. “Item, we ffynde it convenient, that all and every such person or persons whatsoever from hence fourth, in this towne, as shall tacke chardge uppon hime or them to be masters of a buath, either by sea or river, shall sattisfie and pay, for his income te the church wardiane, fiv shillings ster. towards the reparacion aforesaid, excepting such fishermen as furmerlye paied the same. 3. Item, we thynde it lickewise decent, that all and every such backers, as are at this present or hereafter shalbe in this towne, or the subarbes thereof, and chiefflye Walter Shoy, Humphrey Poinard, William -Reagh, Dermott O’Nolane and Moyller O’Hallorane, and ther successors backers, shall pay unto the church wardiane afore- said, towards the foresaid reparacone, the some of ffyve shillings ster]. yncome, apice. forbyding any other hereafter tu use or occupie that traid, without the special] liscence, and agreement of the said church wardian, and the rest of that company. “4, Item, we ffynde it meette, that Walter Costelly, Margrett Coocke widow, and Raffe the candell makers, shall pay unto the church wardian aforesaid, fiv shillings ster. the yire, to the use aforesuide; inhibiting any other what soever hereafter, to use or occuppie that trade, without the speciall liscence and agreement of the forsaid com- pany and church wardiane. sg. Item, we flinde in like manner, that Donnell m' Robage now tannere, and all others that is, or shalbe hereafter of that trade, shall according the rest of the artificers. sattistlig, and pay unto the church wardian aforesaid fyve shillings ster. apice, towards the reparacion aforesaid ; forbiding any other hereatter to use or occupie that trade without the liscence and agreement of the foresaid church wardiane, and the rest of that company of tanners. “6. tem, we ffynd, that in the old ancient tyine, it hath been used and acoustomed in this towne, that every manner uf persone or persones what soever, which did, or should brywe within this towne or the suborbes thereof, uille or beere to sell, should pay unto the church wardiane aforsaide, one pottell of the said beere or aille, fur every brywing: which we doe lickewise confirme and alowe hereby; And for that, in consi- deraciune as the same cannott be tacken up and reared by the church wardiane, we thinke 239 thinke it ffitt that every such brywer, shall at allhallontyd and May, by even portiones, yearlie for ever more hereafter, sattisfie and pay twelf penc a pice in liew of the said beere, towards the reparacion of the parish church aforsaid. “ 7. Item, we ffynde, that there is due to the church wardiane, towards the rapara- cion aforesaide, out of every vessell of acquvittir which is or shall be retaylled in this towne, one pinte thereof, so as allwaies the said vessell, exceede fower gallones; and if the same be a hogsett or a butte there is noe more due there uppon, which we doe lickewise confirme. “ 8. Item, we ffynd, that there is due to the church wardiane uppon any townsman, or merchaunt straunger what soever, which bringeth or procureth any shippe, or barke, be it great or small, into this towne or port of Gallwey, ladden with what co- modities soever, one peny for every tone of her said ladding; and also wine, salte, irone, Batry and Honny (for which there is two pence a tone due) to be collected by the church wardian duley, towards the raparacion aforesaid. ‘*g. Item, we ffynd, that there is due to the church wardian three shillings four penc ster. upon the tatch house, next adioyning unto the great stone house, wherein now dwelleth John Nolane, belonging unto Marcus Duffe Lynch, which diew was left there- upon by Mr. Stephen Lynch fits-Arthur of Gallwey alderman deceased, towards the reparacion of the parish church aforesaid, to be yearlie collected and tacken up by the church wardian for the tyme being, for ever, at allhallontyde, per annum. “ 10. Item, we ffynde, that Nich's Blake of Gallwey aforesaid merchaunt, deceased, by his last will and testament, bequeatted and leifte towards the reparacion of the church aforesaid, to the church wardiane for the tyme beinge every allhallontyde for ever, outof the high tatch house, right against Peetter oge French fitz-Petter is mansione stone house, which thatch house is now in the possession of Richard Lynch fitz-James Roe. ‘“‘t1. Item, likewise we ffynde, that Mr. Domnick Browne of Gallway alderman, de- ceased, by his last will and testament, leift towards the reparacion aforesaid, the some of three shillings and fower pence ster. to be yearlie received and taken up for ever, by the church wardian for the tyme beinge, out of the rent of the land called Athey Thomas reagh, in the west syde of Gallwey aforesaid. “12. Item, we ffynde, that by comone consent of all thinhabitants of this towne, it hath bene grauntted, and thereuppon acoustomed, that st all tymes, when any mas- sons or glassiers did, or hereafter shall, woorke uppon the parish church aforesaid, the wholle gents and merchaunts of the said town, are by tournes to fynd them diett, and the common or lay men to fynde woorkemen, or labourors during the said woorke. “13. Item, we ffynd, in like manner, that is acoustomed of ancient old tyme, that when there is any worke of reparacion or glassing uppon the said parish church, the wardiane 240 wardiane of the colladge and the rest of the viccars are to give the massons or glaseiers ther Breakfast, dually during the woorke, and if there be any great worke they are t.' dictt one masson altogether. * 14. Item, we ffynde, that every gent. merchaunt or free man of thinhabitanrs ought, of righte, acording the auncient use, to pay fower pence a pice at Easter, per ann. for their comonyone monney, both for him self, his wiffe, children and ffamyllie: and every householder of lay men or artificers, two pence a pice, towards the repara- cion aforesaid, and every yong man two pene a pec. a5. We the Jury, whose names are above written, doe by virtue of our oathe. ffynde, that all the forsuide diews and duties therein sett down, doth, of right accrord- ing as in the old ancient tyme it hath been used, belong and apperteyne unto the parish church of St. Nicholas in Gallway aforesaid, towards the reparacione thereof; the which, in owere consciences, we ffynde ought hence forth, for ever more, to be dully collected and taken up by the church wardiane for the tyme beinge, to the use aforesaide: and for that the same hath bene of late neglected, tu the great ruyane, deeaye and want of reparacione of the parish church, as well through the negligence of the forsaid chureh wardianes, as also of our magestrates not furwarding the same, or assisting them in the collection thereof; We think it henceforth meetter the same may be confirmed, and that the comune scale may be hereunto fixed as a president or mone- ment thereof. Wittnes our hands, the last day of October, Anno Domini 1609. * WintykK Linca, Foreman. Wittram O'Many Cottoner, is signe. ANTHONY KYROWAN, CoGHLIn LUDERAGH Fisher, is signe. PATRICK BLAKE. NICHOLAS NOLANE, ARTHUR LYNCH. EpmMcunp ATHIE. Davy O’Fowpy, Master of the Both- Cnuristo. Bopkin f. RICHARD. men at the Wood Key, is signe. MARKUS BIGE. WALTER SHoy. TrEGG BALLAGE, iy signe. Conor Durr, Master of the Fishers GELLY FATRYR w'CoGHLaN, is signe. of the See, ir signe. JAMES Lyscn FIT£-1ÍENRY. — Orig. Among the foregoing curious items, may be perceived some strong proofs of over- bearing municipal authority, and the monopolizing spirit ofthe time. But the reign of Janes J. was the eolden te of enopoly, That pernicious System appeurs to have prevailed to a large extent in Ireland; and to have reached even these distant western districts. Od this there are numerous evidences on reeerd, Thus, on t8 Feb. 19° Jac. 1. Robert Blake, Jetfry Lynch, Nicho. Martin, Jolin Bodkin, and Edmond Kerwane of Galway, 241 Galway, merchants, obtained a monopoly of the sale of good and wholesome wines there, during the lives of Richard Blake and Peter French.—Same to Martin, Richard, James, and Peter Darcy of Athenry, to make and sell aqua-vite or usquebagh during their lives.—Jd. On ist May, 17°. Jac. I. James Viscount Doncaster and his deputies, li- censed to keep taverns and sell wines, usquebagh, and aqua-vite in Ireland, for 22 years. For several similar grants, see the Patent Rolls of James I. passim. On 7™ June 4°. Jac. L Sir Henry Folliott obtained a monopoly of the whole fishing and taking of salmon, herrings, and all other kinds of fish, for 41 years, in the ports, bays, creeks, or floods of Ballyshanan, Bondrois, and Callebeg. This grant extended to the counties of Donegal, Fermanagh, Leitrim, and Sligo—Jd. A treatise on Monopolies in Ireland would develope many curious historical facts. NOTE L. See page 39. “ Bourkes of Mayo County.” The genealogical account of “Bourke Viscount Mayo,” given in Lodge’s Peerage of Ireland, Ed. 1754, vol. ii. p. 313, is one of the most perfect pieces of family history contained in that work. Archdall, in his edition, A. D. 1789, has given the account entire, but divided into two portions. One will be found in his memoir of “ Bourke earl of Mayo,” vol. iii. p. 414; and the other in that of “ Bourke viscount Mayo,” vol. iv. p. 227. It may be observed that, although Archdall, in the latter account, has stated, that John the eighth (and last) Viscount Mayo died in 1767, “‘since when the title has lain dormant,” p. 249; and in the former that, “ John then earl of Mayo was, on 13th January, 1781, created viscount Mayo of Monycrower in the county of Mayo:” yet he afterwards mentions “Sir [ |_| Bourke, Lord Viscount of Mayo and Baronet,” as then (1789) living. That there were successive claimants for the title after the death of the eighth viscount, one of whom was living at that time, is certain, but want of means and other opposing circumstances have ever since prevented its esta- blishment; and, it is stated, that the same causes operate against the right heir to the present day. Lodge also mentions that Sir Theobald Bourke, the third Viscount Mayo, “had a son Luke,” who, according to the genealogist, “ died young.” —Vol. ii. p. 236, Ed. 1754. But this Luke was old enough to be a captain in the army, as the Editor has lately ascertained from his epitaph, yet remaining in an old chapel attached to a ruined abbey, within two miles of the ancient church of Ballynakill, in the parish of that name, barony of Leitrim, and county of Galway. ‘ Here under is interred Captain Luke Bourke, son to the Right Honorable Theobald Lord Viscount of Mayo, and D. Elynor Fitzgerald daughter to Sir Luke Fitzgerald, of Tier... han, who died the 10th of March, 1684.” This epitaph may be found useful, in case the title shall hereafter be claimed. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. 2 I O’Ferrall 242 O’Ferrall, in his MS. Book of Irish Pedigrees, preserved in the Office of Arms. Dublin, gives the following account of the founders of the different spreading branches of the “ Bourkes of Mayo County.” “é Sir William Burk, ancestor to the Viscounts Mayo, and the rest of the Burkes of that county. " His rst son, Edmond, called the Scott (Albanach) from his being in Scotland twenty-two years with his mother’s relations, She was daughter to the King af Scot- land. " and son, Richard, was ancestor to the Burkes, called Af‘ Walter of Lueck. " 3rd son, Jolin, ancestor to the Burkes, called Jfac Seonin (Jennings). é ath, Philip, ancestor to the Burkes, called .M” Philbin, or Philip, Gibbons, éc. "é John Miagh Burk (son of John the 3rd) was called Mac Seonin. * Gibbon (eldest son of Philip the 4th) was ancestor to the Burks, called from him Mae Gibbon. “ Philip (2nd son of Philip) a gwo the surname of Philips of the lower Owles ( Mae Philbin). " Theobald (grd son of Philip) a guo Sliochkt Tebott, of Magh-Odhar, near Creg- Patrick. “ Meyler (4th son of Philip) a guo Jlac Meyler. é“ Thomas, the sun of Edmond the Scot, was called f° William Eighter. “ His (Thomas's) eldest son was Edmond na Fepoige, also WM William Eighter. “ Walter (2nd son of Thomas) was ancestor tu the Burkes of Balenrobe, Lech Measg, Kinlogh. " Thomas (3rd son of Thomas), ancestor to the Burkes of Waine. * John (4th son of Thomas), ancestor to the Burkes of Turlogh. * Emon na feaoige a eldest son, Ulick Burke, was ancestor of Lord Viscount Mayo, and the Burkes of Partry, Ballycechan, &c. (Ballycechan is in the mountains of Partry.) * Richard Burke, of Cuaraky (2nd son of Amon na fesoige), was ancestor to the Burkes of Zyraly: some say he was the eldest son. From them also descended the families of Ballaghaddy (near Partry), Partry, Castlelecky, Ballyveghan, Castlebar, and Badlinrote. é Walter Fada Burke was ancestor of the Burkes of Purtry.” Compare the foregoing with Hib, Dominicana, pp. 318, 349. It may be necessary here to observe that most of these Mayo families write their name Bourke. The Galway families, Burke. NOTE 2 43 NOTE M. See page 40. ‘‘ Order of Hermits of St. Augustine.” The following deed of endowment of this foundation, A.D. 1517, is preserved in the Collegiate Library of Galway, before referred to. “ Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego Ricardus Edmundi De Burgo dedi, concessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi Ricardo Nangle, sacre pagine professori, ordinis heremitarum Sancti Augustini, ac patri Donato O’Maille priori ejusdemque conventui monasterii nove ville Galvie, ejusdem ordinis Sancti Augustini, eorumque successori- bus in dicto monasterio degentibus, de consensu et consilio Reverendissimi in Christo patris ac domini, domini Thome Dei gratia pro tunc archiepiscopi Tuamensis, in puram et perpetuam elemosinam, Ecclesiam meam parochialem de Roskam, Enachdunensis diocesis, cum cimiterio ex parte occidentali muri ejusdem ecclesie, cum quadam parti- cula terre sita prope dictam partem occidentalem, vulgariter nuncupatam Tirnahalle, prout mete et bunde undique docent et proportant, viz. in latitudine usque ad magnos lapides occidentalis partis de Tyrnahalle, et in longitudine a mari superius usque ad murum prope silvam, cum alia magna sacerdotali terra vulgariter nuncupata Gort in tagart, prout mete et bunde undique docent et proportant, per longum et latum prout se extendunt; cum libertate pascuale octo vaccarum et sex caballorum, pro anima mea, parentum successorumque meorum: habendum et tenendum predictam ecclesiam cum suo cimiterio, Tyrnahalle et Gort in tagart, cum pascuali libertate predictarum octo vaccarum et sex caballorum, cum omnibus suis emolumentis, obvencionibus et perti- nenciis prefatis, dictis prior! conventuique prefati novi monasterli, suisque successo- ribus et assignatis suis, qui pro tempore fuerint, de me, heredibus et successoribus seu assignatis meis, imperpetuum; de capitalibus dominis feodi illius, per servicia ecclesias- tica, et ordinis suffragia recompensando. Et ego vero prefatus Ricardus de Burgo, heredes, executores et successores seu assignati mei, predictam ecclesiam cum suo cmiterio, Tyrnahalle et Gort in tagart cum prefato libertate octo vaccarum et sex caballorum, omnibusqte suis pertinenciis prefatis dictis priori et conventui, eorum- que successoribus, qui pro tempore fuerint, contra omnes gentes warantizabimus et imperpetuum defendemus. In cujus rei testimonium, huic presenti carte mee, ob de- fectum sigilli proprii, sigillum domini Henrici Brangan, pro tunc Wardiani ecclesie collegiate ville Galvie, apponi feci. Hiis testibus presentibus, viz. Roberto fusco Lynche, Johanna Martyn ejusdem uxore, Jacobo White, Johanne M“ Kyachra et Me- monia Myleyn, et multis aliis. Datum, Galvie, xvii°. die mensis Julii, anno regni Regis Henrici octavi nono, et Domini M.D.XVIIL—Et nos Edmundus confirmamus manu propria.—Et nos dominus Thomas Tuamensis Metropolitanus, hanc concessionem fac- tam aprobamus, admittimus, et manu nostra propria confirmamus. Thomas Tuamen. M. “ Et nos Edmundus confirmamus, manu propria.”—Orig. 212 NOTE 244 NOTE N. See page 41, note’. ‘*Sir Charles Coot.” By letters patent dated 13th May, 1645, Sir Charles Coote, knight and baronet, “in consideration of his courage, wisdom and circumspection,” was appointed to the office of Lord President of the province of Connaught, ‘‘in as full and ample manner as Sir Charles Willmott, late Lord Viscount Willmott of Athlone, the Lord Viscount Rane- lagh, or the late Earle of Clanricarde, had or enjoyed the same.” To this appointment were annexed certain curious Instructions, which will be found enrolled on * Crom- well’s Roll,” No. 1, preserved in the Rolls Office, Dublin. NOTE O. See paye 42, note ‘. The following “ State letter” affords ample testimony that there were active trar tors, within the walls of this devoted town, during the siege : “ Dublin Castle, 20%. May 1656. "" GENT. ‘The Council having, of late, received large testimony of the singular good ser- vices performed by Mr. Dominick Bodkin, Mr. Nicholas Oge French, and Richard Kircan (inhabitants of the towne of Galway) for and in behaulfe of the English interest during the late Rebellion, not a little conducinge (as we are informed) to the advantage of the state, though (tis probable) they had, by such their ample testifieing of their affeccions to the English, prejudiced their private interests, and contracted s malice (from those of their own naccon, among whom they are now to live) which may prove dangerous to them. Their lordships have therefore thought fitt, hereby to recommend the consideration of their meritts unto you, that finding the same to bee as hath been alledged, you may in your proceedings (in the determining of their respective qualifications and claymes) afforde them what convenient dispatch you may, with such just and reasonable favour, as may be conceived meete and agreeable to your instructions for a reward and encouragement of well doing. Yours Tao. IIERBERT.—— [o the Commissioners for adjusting the claymes of the Irish, at Ath- lone."—Original Privy Council Book, A.D. 1656. These men were, accordingly, well reeompensed for their “singular good services.” Thomas Lynch Fitz-Ambrose, Matthew Browne, and Licutenant Charles Browne, also received ample rewards.—ZIist. Galway, Append. VY1.; and one Julian Browne, who performed the part of Rahab on the oecasion, also received her reward. NOTE P. See page 43. note 3. "" Lough Lurgan, the Bay of Galway.” In our author’s Ogyg. p. 164, an old Irish poem is quoted for the * three most an- cient lakes of Ireland,” one being Lough Lurgan, the present bay of Galway. This poem 245 poem, which begins, “‘Qloam atop pnue an pluag,” Adam, father, stream of our hosts,” has by some been attributed to Aingus Ceile De, who flourished about A. D. 800; and by others to Aingus Roe O’Daly, who died in A.D. 1350. See O’Reilly’s Irish Writers, p. 97. But our author in the passage referred to says, that in place of Lough Lurgan, another antiquary has Lough Lumny, a lake in Desmond (for which see Keating's Hist., lib. i); and adds ““iste lacus longo post tempore legitur proru- pisse,” for which he refers to the Book of Lecan, fo. 284. He then hazards a conjec- ture respecting Lough Lurgan, viz. that, perhaps, it was formerly separated, by land, from the sea,” “‘ qui quondam /ortasse firma terré a salo discretus, donec,” &c., until the Western Ocean overcame the barrier, of which the three islands of Aran seem to be the remnant. This conjecture was probable, and the situation and appearance of those islands, with respect to the main land, would seem to support it, but no such circumstance is recorded; notwithstanding which, the writer, in Hist. Galway, pp. 4, 319, has incautiously asserted, that the separation alluded to had been actually men- tioned by our ancient annalists. But he has since ascertained that such is not the fact ; and therefore, whether Lough Lurgan, or the bay of Galway, had at any period of time been separated from the ocean, must ever remain matter of conjecture, for his- tory is entirely silent on the subject. The mountains of Burren, in the north of the County of Clare, shelter this bay on the south, as far as Black Head, called in Irish Ceann Oéipne, i.e. the head of Burren. Towards the east of Burren, near an arm of the bay, and south of Galway town, are the ruins of Corcumroe abbey (Corcumdhruadh), for which see Archdall’s Monasticon, p. 44. It was so called, because, when built, A. D. 1194, the territory of Corcumroe comprehended the present barony of Burren. It was also called the “ Abbey of Burren.” See the Annals of Innisfallen, at A. D. 1267, which state, that Connor na Sudaine O’Brien, Prince of Thomond, was interred in the ‘* Abbey of the East of Burren.” Also in Cathretm Toirdhealbhaigh, or the ‘‘ Wars of Thomond,” com- piled A.D. 1318, it is stated, that he was interred in the “ Monastery of Kast Burren,” and that the monks raised a monument over his remains—‘ Ogup ovo h-adlacad a mamipoep oiptip Óoinne so h-uvapol onónac é, ag na mancuib, agur bo togbavon a lia op aluide.” Dutton, in his Statist. Survey of the County of Clare, p. 325, note, states that “Some giddy young gentlemen amused themselves with mutilating some part of this ancient monument.” Several acts of a similar nature have been recorded, during the last three centuries, in Ireland. Near this is the island of Muckinish, Muiciny, containing the ruins of two old cas- tles, which formerly belonged to the O’Loughlins, chieftains of Burren. One of these castles, called Shan-Muckinish or Ballynacregga, has been lately repaired, and is now im 246 in good preservation. The other, Muckinish Noe, or New Muckinish, lies a little to the cast of Ballynacregga, and close to the shore of Pouldoody bay, so well known four its extensive oyster beds. This castle is now in ruins. In A.D. 1585, Uaithne or Owny O'Loughlin of the castle of Gregans, otherwise "the O'Loughlin,” was chief of his name. From this castle the district of Burren was originally called the Barony of Gregans, See the Division of Connaught, A. D. 1586, in Brit. Museum. Cotton, Titus B. xiii. fo. 399. Charles O'Loughlin, Esq. of Newtown Castle, in the parish of Drumerechy, is now * chief of his name; or, as he is commonly called in the district, * King of Burren.” See the Annals of the Four Masters, at A.D. 1584, for an ac- count of the capture of Torlogh O'Loughlin, on Jae-inis, and of his having been put to death at Ennis, by Captain Brabazon; and the same Annals, at A. D. 1582, for this captain's services against the Irish of Mayo, where “ he destroyed the whole territory.” These “ services” are not noticed in the * Genealogical History of the Family of Bra- bazon,” printed at Paris, gte. A.D. 1825. A little to the west of the abbey of Corcomroe, near the “ New Quay,” lies Fin- varra, in Irish Fióna beana, a rising little town, which may be seen trom the oppo- site or north side of the bay. Near it is a monument, erected to Donogh More OU’ Daly, afumous Irish poet, “ In this district formerly lived the O’Dalys, a celebrated bardic family, several of whom first came to the county of Galway in the time of Teige Roe O'Kelly, on his marriage with Ranalt O'Brien. In A. D. 1514, Teige O'Daly, professor of poetry, who maintained a house of general hospitality, died at Finvarra, and was interred in the mouastery of Corcomroe.—Four Masters. A shurt distance south of Finvarra point, on the shore of the bay, lie the scattered fragments of the old castle of Guile in bheacam (now called Ballyvaughan), taken by Sir Henry Sidney on his route from Limerick to Galway, in A.D. 1569.—Four Masters. Westward, between this and Black Head, Ceann boipne, are the ruins of leann Eroneac, Glaniny. Both these last-mentioned castles are noticed in the MS. in the British Museum, Titus B. xin, already referred to. ‘The coast to the westward from Glaniny Castle to Black Head is steep, and is the only place of shelter for men-of-war within Galway Bay.—See Nimmo’s Piloting Directions, p. 171, for a description uf the north and south shores and inlets of this extensive bay. NOTE 0. See page 45, note ". “ Juyce Country—The Shoyes.” Joye Country, in [rich “fath Seorgsheoch, 1¢. the district or inheritance of the Shoyes or Joyees, is the name by which the mountainous barony of Ross, in ar-Com- naught, is still frequently called. See the © Genealomies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach,” published by the Irish Archaological Society, A. D. 1844, P- 334. where 247 where the Seoaigh or Joyces of West Connaught, ‘“‘Seoag 1an¢ain Chonnaéz,” are enumerated among the Welsh tribes, who, according to that authority, came to Ireland in the time of Dermod Mac Murrogh, King of Leinster. But these tribes did not settle in the western parts of Ireland until the century after. The Shoyes or Joyces settled in the district of Partry, west of Lough Mask, under the O’Flaherties, about the middle of the thirteenth century; although the O’Flaherties themselves had no juris- diction there, or any where west of Lough Corrib, until after A.D. 1235: “The Joyes depended upon the O’F laherties, and were always contributory with (to) them, and did usually yield them risings out.” —Jnguis. A. D. 1607, quoted in Hist. Galway, p. 100. A paper in the British Museum, “‘ On the present State of Connaught,” signed Coniers Clifford, and others, about A. D. 1596, states: “The Joies are followers to the O’Fla- herties, and depend much upon Sleight Ulicke Bourke.” On this passage there occurs the following marginal note, made, as I conjecture, by Sir Richard Bingham, Governor of Connaught: “ Theis are still in action of rebellion.” —Titus, B. xii, The name of this tribe has undergone various orthographical changes to reduce it to an An- glicised form. Thus we find it written, Yoes, Joes, Joas, Jose, Josse, Joy, Joyes,Joyce*.— A.D. 1501, William Shioy or Joy, was archbishop of Tuam, Ware; 1507, William Josse, bailiff of Galway; 1542, Henry Jose, Mayor there; 1629, Andrew Joes, merchant there.—Annals. As a curious instance of the prejudice of the “ old English” inhabitants of that town against the ‘“ mere Irish,” it has been observed that none of the O’Fla- herties ever held, or would be suffered to hold, any office therein, because they were of the mere Irish; but their followers, the Joyces, were admitted to every civic employ- ment, because they were of British extraction. In the Records of the Herald’s Office, Dublin, vol. x., there appears a pedigree or genealogical account of the Joyces, professionally compiled by “ Daniel Molyneux, King at Arms in the Kingdom of Ireland,” for a Mr. Gregory Joyes, who died at Madrid, A.D. 1745. Although this pedigree is stated to have been compiled “ex antiquis monumentis, approved of by said Daniel Molyneux, Father Francis Browne, of the order of St. Francis” [certainly a learned man, for whom see Ogyg. p. 30], “ who was well versed in the genealogy of the families of Galway, and Peter Albert de Launay, first King at Arms in Belgium,” yet it is mostly fabulous, and bears inter- nal evidence of gross fabrication. Its exordium, and a few of the early generations, may suffice to shew what value should be attached to that document. “© Pernobilis a It may still be traced in “ Villers Saint Josse,” ciently called Armoric Gaul. and ‘‘ Josse-Sur-Mer,” in that part of France an- 248 é Pernobilis et Pervetusta Joyseorum familia, in Geneologia Domini Gregorit Joyes. “ Majores Joyseorum orti sunt in Anglia, familia veteri et honorabili, atque a Regibus Wallie. ut colligitur ex antiquis monumentis approbetis a Domino Daniele Molineux, Armorum Rege in regno Hibernie, et a Reverendo Patre Francisco Browne ordinis Sancti Francisci, bene versato in genealogia nohilium familisrum Galviensium, item Dominus Petrus Albertus de Launay, Eques Auratus, nobilis ordinarius Domus Regia, et Primus Armorum Rex Provincialis Belgio, pro suo Majestate Catholica, sub titulo Brabantia, fidem facit et attestatur Bruxellis octavo Mail Anno 1666, familiam Joyeseorum esse antiquam et nobilem similiter. Dominus Jacobus Wareus, Eques Auratus et Regie Majestati a conciliis secretioribus in regno Hibernia, in comentario de presulibus Hiberniw, a prima conversione gentis Hiber- nice ad fidem Christianam ad nostra usque tempora, refert, quod in seculo 14° Emi- nentissimus Thomas Jotse (recte Joraey vel De Jorse) fuit Cardinalis S. Sabina, et quod Walterus Joise ordinis preedicatorum (frater dicti Thome et Cardinalis) fuis consecratus Archiepiscopus Armachanus in [ibernia, a Nicholao Cardinale Ostiensi, ut ex Bulla Clementis V. data 8 Idus Augusti Pontificatus sui 2, inter Archives Turris Londinensis asservata, liquet; et quod forte is idem fuit Walterus Anglicus quem Raphael Vollaterranus Commentariorum Urbanorum libr. 21, Edwardi Regis Anglie fuisse confessorem, et Genue in Italia sepultum asserit. Archiepiscopatum is resignavit, 16° Novembris, Anno 1311. Hie sex habuit fratres ulterius, qui omnes ejusdem fuerunt ordinis pradicatorum. Rolandus de Jotse Dominicanus itidem et dicti Walteri frater germanus, consecratus est archiepiscopus Armachanus. Is porto Archiepiscopatum se abdicavit, Martii 20° anno 13215.” “1. Dominus Thomas Joyes, ex stirpe Regis Britannia sive Wallie, aut Angha, appulit in Hibernia Tuamoni, duxit sibi in uxorem ilustrissiinam dominam Honoram O'Brien, ex semine illustrisdnú domini O'Brien istius provincie principis. Inde, classe sua trajiciens mare in oecidentalem partem Connaciw, habuit ex ea super mari filium; quem, quia super mari natus fuit, Mae Marah, id est filium maris, nuncupe- vit. Hie loci ixtius principatum = tenens, varias terrarum partes istlus provincia occupavit, quas ad hee usque tempora posteri ejus hereditarunt. Ab aliis etiam alterius filit Mae Thomas nomine multa pradia, multa loca publica multos montes nominavit; que etiam nune ab incolis occidentalis Connacia iisdem nominibus plus- quam sexcentis annis appellantur. * 2. Dominus Mae Marah Joyes, sen tilius maris, aliquot post annos, defuncto patre, duxit in uxorem, alterius istius nomine occidentalis Connatix principis, OF ia- herty, filiam, Herede ibi relicto, fillisyue als et filiubus, reversus est in Tuamoniam, ubi 249 ubi, mortua prima uxore, secundam sibi accepit dominam Dorotheam, illustrissimi domini O’Neillan filiam, ex qua filios et filias genuit, ita ut in magnum numerum ejus crevisset. Dominus Mac Thomas Joyce, filius secundus post filium maris natus, sibi loca varia assumens, simul cum hereditate sibi a patre et fratre relicta, ex uxore sua alfera principis O'Flaherty filia, habuit prolem, crevitque in gentem maximam claris- simorum virorum, qui preclaris suis virtutibus bellicis, ad hec usque bella, qui plurimos Hibernos funditus delevére, suas ditiones, suas hereditates et splendorem retinuere. é 3. Dominus Gulielmus Joyes, ex stirpe filii maris et prime uxoris, orlundus, in oris Galvie sese conferans, uxorem duxit Agnetam, ex nobilissima Moriceorum familia. Versus Italiam, Neapolim et Romam, deinde in Greciam navigans, captus est a Saracenis, et ductus in Africam. Ibi septem annos commoratus est. Deinde Barbarorum manus effugiens in Hispaniam impulsus fuit, ubi preclaree ejus virtutes celitus remunerabantur : nam monitus indicio aquile supervolantis et demonstrantis locum thesaurum invenit incredibilem. Domum inde reversus, menia urbis Gal- viensis, ecclesias et alia sedificia extrui curavit. Demum cum ei dicta uxor Jacobum, Henricum et Robertum peperit, plenus meritis vitam cum morte commutavit; et sepultus est in monumento quod sibi et suis posteris erigendum curavit, in celebri fratrim minorum conventu Galvie. ‘4, Dominus Jacobus Joyes, preclare indolis vir, junctus in matrimonio fuit pernobili matron, domine Christiane French; ex qua unum tantum filium, Johan- nem suscepit. Dominus Henricus Joyce, natu secundus, uxorem sibi assumpsit nobilissimam dominam Catherinam Browne eximii domini Thoma Browne, Athen- riensis aliquando Vicecomitis, filiam. Ex qua, cum liberos non suscepisset, patriam curam supra fratris sui hereditatem adhibuit, alias sibi atque alias hreditates com- parando maximas; quas postquam Vicetenentis Regis, et pretoris sive gubernatoris comitatiis Galviensis officio perfunctus est, instante morte, primo nepotum suorum, simul cum sua hereditate quoad partem reliquit, reliquam hereditatis partem alios inter nepotes divisam, et ad ecclesias reficiendas ornandasque testatus est, sepultusque est cum suis.” To the foregoing corruptions of history, and much moreejusdem farine, here omitted, the following high official testimonies are annexed. ‘‘ Omnibus et singulis ad quos presentes pervencrint, Ego Chichester Fortescue Eques Auratus, Ulster Rex Armorum, et principalis Heraldus totius Hibernie, salutem: Sciatis quod Ego predictus Rex Armorum potestate et authoritate a Regia Majestate, sub magnosigillo Hibernie, mihi concessé, certiores vos facio, quod, &c. In cujus rei testimonium, nomen titulumque meum hisce adscripsi, et sigillum meum officiale apposui. Dublinii die decima IRISH ARCH. SOC. NO. 15. 2K septima 250 xeptima mensis Decembris, anno Domini milesimo, septingentesimo nonagesimo. By the Lord Lieutenant and General Governor of His Majesty’s Kingdom of Ireland. WESTMORELAND. At the humble request of Sir Chichester Fortescue Kant. &c- Given under our hand and scal of Arms at His Majesty’s Castle of Dublin, the 1" day of January, 1791. “[Signed] R. Hosparr.” It may be necessary here to observe, that the family in question did not stand in need of this fubricated account of its origin and descent. These will be found fuithfully detailed in Mac Firbis’s great collection of Irish Genealogies, preserved in the library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin. See also the ‘Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach,” p. 325. To this day the Joyces retain some of the yreat characteristics of the ancient Irish. ‘* Populus magnus sicut Gigantes, procere homines stature, et fortissimi.”— Usser. in Primord. p. 726. See also Irish Min- strelsy, vol. L, p- 332: Lond. 1831. NOTE R. See page 46, note*. ‘“ Edmond Burk.” On 29" Oct. A.D. 1327, this Edmond * Burk” or De Burgo (after the death of his father the Red Earl) and Walter, the son of William De Burgo (which Walter is not mentioned by Lodge) were appointed to the offices of justices of the peace in the counties of Connaught, Tipperary and Lymerick, with power to protect the lands of Richard late Earl of Ulster in those counties. —Rot. Pat. 20 Edw. IL, for which see Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Ireland, p. 33, N° 18. And on 5 Sept. A.D. 1333, the same Edmond, three months after the murder of his nephew William third Earl of Ulster, at Carrickfergus, obtained a grant of all the lands and possessions of the said earl William, in Connaught, during the minority of his heir (Eliz. afterwards wife of Lionel Duke of Clarence) rendering therefore, to the Exchequer, £200 yearly. And a writ of diberart facias thereupon issued, directing Roger de Flete, Seneschal of Con- naught, to deliver unto him the possession of the same—Rot. Pat. 8 Edw. IIL See the same Calendar of Patent Rolls, p. go. N°. 119. This writ was the cause of his death, and also that of the Seneschal, de Flete, as related by our author. In Hibernia Dominicana, p. 224, the following entry is given from the archives of Athenry. * Obitus Domini Edimndi de Burgo, Mac an Iarla, qui in Saccum immissus fuit ¢ Clavetro Fratrum de Roba, & submersus in Lacn Mask per Vac-Padin, & alios de Roba, Anno Domini 1887.” Brief as this entry is, it varies in three points from the account given by our author. [t is moreover stated, note (*) that the victim was called * Edimundus na Fiesoga, i. é. Barhatús,” Arcehdall has here added error to error.—Monast. p. 405. See the annals of Clonmacnoise, and those of the Four Masters, for their accounts of the transaction, A.D. 133%. cf 251 Of the ‘‘ Fryer’s House of Balinrobe,” mentioned by our author, p. 47, Ware is silent; wherefore Archdall, in Monast. p. 495, says of it, “when or by whom founded is not recorded.” But, in a description of the County of Mayo by Robert Downing, A. D. 1684, preserved in MS. in the library of Trinity College, Dublin, it appears, that in “the now Shire Town called Ballinrobe, taking its name from the River or Rivillett, (the Robe, in Irish, Rodhba) is the ruins of an auncient Augustinian Mindicant Friery or Priory, built by Tutallus [Cuatal] O’Maly, lord of the Owles, in the Reigne of Brianus Boruvius King of Ireland, about the beginning of the Eleventh Century. There was likewise a small abbey or cell of the Joanitar, called Taghown or St. John’s House, now altogether gone to ruine; and a small cell called Kilcrava, it was a small House of Nunns.” Their possessions appear to have been few. On 2nd July, 1608, Thomas Nolan of Ballinrobe, gent. obtained a grant by patent, of the four quarters of land in Ballinrobe, for ever.—Rot. Pat. 15°. Jac. I. p. 1. This Thomas Nolan, before the date of the above grant, resided at “the Crevaghe,” now called Creagh, in the barony of Kilmain and Co. Mayo. In the Indenture of Com- position for that county, A.D. 1585, which see, Appendix I, it was provided that he should have the castle of the Crevaghe, and 3 quarters of land thereto adjoining, free from the Composition rent, “in respecte of his sufficiencie to act as a Clerke in the said Countrey.” This provision may be taken as a proof of the low state even of elementary education in the West of Ireland, at that period. To this may be added, as a matter merely coincident, that the next grantee of those very lands in the succeeding century, under the Act of Settlement, was Mr. James Cuff, ancestor of the late Baron Tyrawley, and of the present proprietor of the Crevaghe, whose first appearance here was in the capacity of clerk or secretary to Cromwell’s Commis- sioners of Transplantation to Connaught, as appears by the following order: “ By the lo. Deputy and Councill. It is ordered that Mr. James Cuff be and is hereby appointed secretary to Sir Charles Coote, and the rest of the Commissioners appointed and nominated in a commission bearing date this day, for the setting out of lands to the transplanted Irish and inhabitants of Connaught and Clare. Dated at Athlone, the 16th June, 1655. T. H. C. C.".—Orig. Council Book, Dublin Castle. On 12th April following, Mr. Cuff was himself appointed a Commissioner of assessment for Mayo, (Jd.) where he afterwards acquired considerable grants of forfeited lands, and among others, of the town and manor of Ballinrobe, forfeited by the descendants of Thomas Nolan. The above Thomas Nolan was one of the first “ English Tavern” Keepers in Con- naught. When the old Irish Biataghs (see Stat. Kilkenny, p. 4,) and “ houses of hospitality” ceased, they were : ucceeded by “ English inns” or taverns. On 21st De- cember, A. D. 1616, a license was granted to “ John Coman of Athlone, merchant, and 2K2 Thomas 252 Thomas Nolan of Ballinrobe, esq. to keep taverns, and sell wines and spirituous liquors. The former in Loughrea and all Galway co. except the town and perish of Athenrie. the town of Galway, and the barony of Kilconnell; also, in the town of Burrysowle. and in the baronies of Moriske, Burrysowle, Irrus, Costellagh, and Gallen in Mayoco., in Athlone, in Roscommon and Westmeath co’., in Ballymote and all Sligo co. except the town of Sligo, in Ballintobber and all Roscommon co. except the baronies of Ath- Jone and Boyle, and the towns of Ardcarne and Elffin.—To the latter in the town of Callow, and in the whole barony of Kilconnell, and in the town and barony of Kilmaine in Mayoco. during their own lives, and those of Barnaby Coman brother of John, of Jolin Nolan son of Thomas, of Peter Nolan, son of Richard Nolan late of Athlone, merchant, deceased, and of Jane or Jennet Coman daughter of the said John.” Ra. Pat. 14° Jac. I. p. a. d. N°. 58. ‘This was one of the extensive Monopolies granted at that period, for more of which sce ante, p. 240. NOTE 5. See page 52, note’. "' Moycullin barony—Gnomore, Grobeg.” In the document before referred to, p. 44, note *, preserved in the British Museum, and entitled the “ Division of Connaught, A.D. 1586,” Titus B. xiii. fo. 399, this barony is described as follows: * The barony of Muckullen, containing Cosarg [Coi-paipge], Gnovore, Guoheg, Loghcurb and Keildromedirge, 20 myles long, 20 broad; and is, after this rate, plowlands s. Murrogh ne doe chief in the same.—DParishes 6, viz. Vicarages of Rahune, Killaen, Galway, Muckullin, Kylcumayne, Killinkelogh.—Gentlemen and castles (20) viz. Rory O'Flahairte of Muykullen ; Murrogh ne due of Nowghe and of Achneuir (Aghnenure) Thomas Colman, Mynlagh(.Venlo); Jonick O’Halorane, O"hery; Owen O'Halorane, Bearne: (Barna) Domynick Lynche, Tyrellan; Rollond Skeret, Short Castle: (Cuadegar) Donell oge O?Hologhan, Qwarown Brown (Carrowérown); W™. & Redinond M' W™. Fhegh, Kellyn; Redmond M* Thomas, Ballymuritty: Red- mond Reogh, Ballindully; Richard Beg, Cleynecanyn; Darby Augny, Ly sacowly ; John Blake fitz-Ricard, Kiltullagh; John Blake titz-Ricard, Kiltorog; Thomas Blake, Buallemicro; Thomas and John Blake, Turlagh ne sheamon; Muriertagh O’Conor, Tul- lekyhan; Martyn Lyneh, New Castle.”— Much of the topographical information con- tained in the foregoing document, could not be procured elsewhere, at the present day. All the castles, with the exception of that of Menlo, the residence of Sir Valentine Blake, baronet, are now in ruins. The barony of Moycullen was created A. 1D. 1585; and it was so called from the castle, which was itself named from Vagh, a plain or field, and Linn, mentioned ante, p. §2, note (z). It was formed of the two ancient territories of Gnomore and (rnobeg. 253 Gnobeg, for the origin of which, see Ogyg. p. 387, ‘“‘Gnomore et Gnobeg duo fili Lugadie,” &c., and Mac Firbis’s Book of Irish Pedigrees, “ bona vealbnuib,” 7c. O’Dugan, in his topographical poem before referred to, p. 143, states, that in the twelfth century, Mac Conraoi was chief of Gnomore, and O’Heyny chief of Gnobeg. “Meg Connaor nerd vo saban Mac Conry, meek, you shall find Ap nó món na míoncallaó, Over Gnomore of smooth callows, O’h aóncuó an Gnd m-beag m-buan, O’Heyny over Gnobeg, lasting, Nead nac oarobip ir nac viombuan. _—A nest not poor, not transient.” See, likewise, Cambrensis Evers, p. 27. After that period, the O’Flaherties seized upon this territory, after having been driven from their own ancient inheritance, on the east side of Lough Corrib, by the De Burgos. The latter afterwards pursued them across the lake; and, in A.D. 1256, Mac William Burke plundered Gnomore and Gnobeg, and possessed himself of all Lough Orbsen (Corrid).—Four Masters. In A.D. 1584, Morogh na doe (na d-tuagh, i.e. of the battle-axes) O’Flaherty, who had been previously appointed by Queen Elizabeth chief of all the O’Flaherties, was heredi- tary chieftain of Gnomore, and resided in the castle of Aghnanure. Rory (Roderic or Roger) O'Flaherty, our author’s grandfather, was hereditary chieftain of Gnobeg, and resided in the castle of Moycullen. Between these kindred chiefs there long subsisted violent territorial disputes, of which a curious detail will be found in Appendix II. NOTE T. Seepage 60, note '. ‘ O'Halloran.” The MS. fragment in Trin. Coll. Lib., H. 2, 17, here referred to for this ancient family, states that “ O Halloran is the chief of the twenty-four townlands of Clan Fergail; and of these are the O’Antuiles and O’Fergus of Roscam.” ‘ O h-Cll- munan caipeac cecm m-baile ficer clomo: pepgaili, agur oipein hi Cincuili agur hi Fepgura Rora-caimm.” See also the Book of Ballymote for same, fo. 54. This document refers to the twelfth century. These twenty-four townlands of Clan Fer- gail lay east of the river Gallimh, or Galway. The name Clan Fergail is now obso- lete; but Roscam, on which are the remains of a round tower, is still well known. It lies about two miles S.E. of Galway. Mac Firbis, in his Book of Irish Genea- logies, gives the pedigree of the O’Halloran family for twenty-five generations, as follows : “ €ocaids Muigmeodoin (a. c. Eochy Moyvane, A. D. 358, father 358) acain of Omain, atain Brian, father of Clongura, Aengus, Muipceanrang, 254 Muipceanears, Mortogh, CllLlmupánn, Allmuran, a guo O'Halloran. Fingallarg, Fergallach, Choncoille, Cucolle, Coda, Aodh, Or1anmana, Dermot, Conchabain, chata-luipeach, Connor of Cath-lury, Oomnulll, Donnell, Cuaig calcaip, Teige, the strong, Fheapgail, Ferrall, Cosa, Hugh, Chonchabain, Connor, Ololla-poe fain na poóla, Gilla-Stephen of the plunder, Maoilpuanans, Mulrony, Oomnull, Donnell, Ouibich, David, — Armlaoib, Awlcy, Taos, Teige, Olllecpire, Gillchrist, Oomnall, Donnell, Seonac, Johnock, Oabaie. Davock” (David Oge). In the thirteenth century, the O’ITallorans were dispossessed of their ancient inbe- ritance of Clan Fergail, by the De Burgos; and were obliged to emigrate, with the (Fluherties, to Jar-Connaught, where they built the castle of O’Hery in Gnomore ; and also, according to tradition, the castle of Rinvile in Northern Connemara. See our author’s Ogyg. p. 376, for this old family; and the “History of Ireland,” by Doctor Sylvester O'Halloran of Limerick, who states, vol. iL, p. 389, that he was him- self’ **descended from the House of Clann Fergail.” But there was another family of this name in Thomond, for which see Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh, or the Chronicles of the Wars of Thomond, at A. D. 1309, which family was ‘ descended from the stock of the ()Briens, and the other Duleassians."—O' Brien, Dict. p. 514. The learned historias claims for "the House of Clan Ferguil” the celebrated St. Finbar of Cork, and Aileran, surnamed an t-eagnaw, or the wise, for whom see Ussher in Primord pp. 818, 966; O’Conor's, Annal. Líon. pp. 56, 57, and Petrie’s Tara, p. 99. He also claims for this family the “invincible” William Ockham, mentioned by Harris, in Ware, 255 Ware, vol. ii, Writers, p. 82; but Wadding renders this claim more than doubtful. See Harris, in loc. ud. citat. An account of the historian O'Halloran will be found in Fitzgerald’s History of Limerick, Appendix, p. lx. In A.D. 1585, the “ O'Halloran” was one of the contracting parties in the Inden- ture of Composition for Iar-Connaught with Queen Elizabeth, which will be found in Appendix I. It appears from the “ Description of Connaught,” preserved in the British Museum, and quoted in the last additional note, S, p. 252, that Jonick O’Hal- loran was proprietor of the castle of O’Hery, in Moycullen barony. On 27th March, A.D. 1619, ‘ the east quarter of Barney was granted by patent to Teige and Moyler O'Halloran.” —Rot. Pat. Jac. I. And on 28th Nov., 1638, Stephen Lynch obtained a decree in Chancery against Edmond O’Hallorane, of Barney, for £410. 19s. 8d., and the lands of O’Hery to be charged therewith.”—Orig. enrolled. This decree is supposed to have led to the transfer of the Barna estate to the Lynches, by whom it is possessed to this day. The following documents relating to the O’Hallorans, who since that time have shared the vicissitudes of most of the ancient Irish families, are considered sufh- ciently curious for preservation. They are taken from the originals, in the possession of the Editor: “ Carta Dermicit O'Halloran. “ A.D. 1594. é Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego Dermicius, alias Dermoid duff M° Shane O Halloran de Bearna in comitatu Galway generosus, pro quadam summa pecunie mihi per Edmundum Halloran de Galwey mercatorem pre manibus solute, dedi, concessi, vendidi et barganizavi, et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi eidem Edmundo omnia et singula maneria, dominia, castra, messuagia, terras et cetera hereditamenta quecunque, cum omnibus et singulis eorum pertinenciis in villis, campis, locis....... de Rine- moyly, Ayrdnegrivagh et Tulaghvor, que mihi jure hereditario pertinent, in baronia de Balynahensy infra comitatum predictum. Habendum et tenendum omnia et sin- gula premissa superius expressa, cum omnibus et singulis eorum pertinenciis prefato Edmundo Halloran heredibus et assignatis suis, imperpetuum; de capitalibus dominis feodi illius, per servitia inde debita et de jure consueta. Et ego vero predictus Dermi- cius alias Dermoid O’Halloran et heredes mei omnia et singula premissa prefato Ed- mundo Halloran heredibus et assignatis suis, contra omnes gentes, warrantizabimus, acquietabimus et imperpetuum, per presentes, defendemus. Et ulterius sciant me prefatum Dermicium alias Dermoyd O'Halloran fecisse, ordinasse...... in loco meo posuisse dilectum mihi in Christo Nehemiam Ffolain generosum, meum attornatum ad intrandum, et possessionem et seisinam capiendum pro me, vice et nomine meo, de et in omnibus et singulis premissis, cum omnibus et singulis eorum pertinenciis. Et ° post 256 post hujusmodi possessionem et seisinam sic inde captas et habitas, deinde pro me, vice et nomine meo, plenam et pacificam possessionem et seisinam inde et de qualibet inde parcella prefato Edmundo deliberandum et tradendum. Habendum et tenendum sbi, heredibus et assignatis suis, secundum tenorem, vim, formam et effectum hujus pre- sentis carte mee inde ei confecte. Ratum et gratum habens et habiturus totum et quic- quid predictus attornatus meus fecerit in premissis per presentes. In cujus rei testi- monium presentibus sigillum meum apposui Datum vicesimo septimo die Juni, Anno regni domine Elizabethe, Dei gratia Anghe, Francie et Hibernie Regine. fidei defensoris, etc. tricesimo sexto. “ Present NicHoLas Lincu, fyz Marks. HEw, is sign. Mc Oabace. Dorpy alias DIERMoYD O HALLoRAN, his signe.4-” "I Eremond Hallorine sonne and heyre of the within named Ed. Halloraine do release unto Edmond Flahertye of ineide esq. all my right to the castle and lands of Rinvile, by virtue of this deede or any other deede whatsvever. In witnesse whereof I have heereunto subscribed my name the last of October Anno Dni 1638. ‘* EREMOND HALLORAINE. " Present HuGH FLAHERTY&. NICHOLAS Browne.” “Carta Joh. O'Tlalloran, * ALD. 1594. * Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Johannes O’ Halloran de Galwey, piscator, dedi, concessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmayi Ambrose Martin de Galwey pre- dicta mereutorl, omnia ct singula manerium, castrum, messuagium, terras, tenementa, prata, pascua, pasturas, buscos, subuscos, moram, montium, aquas, gurgitas piscarum et alia hereditamenta querumcunque, cum omnibus et singulis corum pertinenciis que habeo, habui, seu quovismodo in futuro habere potero, vel uliquis alius habet vel ha- bere debet, vel aliqui alii habent vel habere debent, ad meum usum in villis, campis et hainletis de Renryle, vel in aliquo alio loco in Areonnaght, in comitatu Galwey pre dicta; habendum et tenendum omnia et singula premissa superius expressa, conceses, recitata et specificata cum omnibus et singulis eorum pertinenciis, prefato Am- brose Martin heredibus et ussignutis suis, ad usum predicti Ambrose, heredum et assignatorum suorum imperpetuum, de capitalibus dominis feodi illius per ser- Vicia inde debita et de jure consucta. Et ego vero predictus Johannes O'Halloran et heredes met omnia et singula premissa superius expressa, concessa, recitata, et specificata: cum ommibus et singulis corum pertinenciis, prefato Ambrose Mar- tin heredibus et assignatis suis contra omnes gentes warrantizabimus, acquiet- abimus 257 abimus et imperpetuum defendemus per presentes. Et ulterius sciant me prefatum Johannem O’Halloran fecisse, constituisse, ordinasse, deputasse, et in loco meo possu- isse dilectum mihi in Christo Edmond boy M‘Bryne de Irislona, et Dermod M‘Hyue de Shanvalliard in Erconnaght predicta, yeomen, meum verum et legitimum atturna- tum, ad intrandum et possessionem et seisinam capiendum pro me, viceet nomine meo, - et post hujusmodi possessionem et seisinam sic inde captas et habitas, deinde pro me, vice et nomine meo, plenam et pacificam possessionem, et seisinam omnium et sin- gulorum premissorum superius expressorum, cum omnibus et singulis eorum perti- nenciis, prefato Ambrose Martin heredibus et assignatis suis deliberandum, secundum tenorem, vim, formam et effectum hujus presentis carte mee, inde ei confecte per pre- sentes. In cujus rei testimonium, presentibus sigillum meum apposul. Datum apud Gallwey vui.? die Septembris, Anno Domini, 1954. “ JOHN O'HALLURAN, his mark” (viz., a curiously shaped fishing-hook).— Orig. “* Morrertagh O’Hallurane and Tetg is Dede, the “17 of Oct. 1606. ““ Be yt knowen into all men by theis presents, that wee Morrirtegh fytz Davocke O'Hallorane, and Teige fytz Davocke O’Hallorane of Rynvilly in the county of Gal- way yeomen, have gywen and graunted into our welbeloued land-lord, Morrogh ne Moyer O’Flaherty of Bonnowen in the county of Gallewey aforesaid gentle, all that quarter of land sett, lying and being in Rynvilly within the Barony of Ballenehensy in the county of Galewey aferesaid, frome us our heires, executores and assignes, into the said Morroghe ne Moyer O’Flaherty his heires, executors and assignes, sole and proper use for ever, uppon condicion and forme folowinge, viz. to sey, that yfe in cause that the said Morrirteghe O’Hallorane, Teige O’Hallorane or ther heires sheold happen to dwell in and uppon any part or parcell of that land, that then he or they shall yeald and pay into the said Morroghe ne Moyer O’Flaherty his heires, exe- cutores and assignes, the just some of six shillings and eight pence sterr: corant law- full money in England, for and out of every cartron of that quarter of land, that he or they shall occupie or meynure yearly, otherwyse yf it shald happen that the said Morroghe ne Moyer O’Flaherty his heires or assignes shall occupie or meynure anny cartrone of that quarter of land, that then he his heires or assignes shall yeld and pay into the said Morirtegh O’Hallorane and Teige O’ Hallorane or their heires, the just some of wane (one) shilling and eight pence ster. yearly: provided allweys that the said rent of six shillings eight pence ster. is to be paid yearly out of every cartrone in Rynvilly to Morroghe ne Moyer O’Flaherty, in respect of and consideracion of his lordshipe in that soylle. In withnes whereofe we have sett hirinto our signes and sealles. this 17 IRISH ARCH. 80C. I6. 2 L of - a eer ——lll _~— — nn ie 258 of October 1606.—Teig O’Hallorane is sign & seall—Morteigh O’Hallorane is sign and seall.—Present at thensealling and delivery hereofe,, wee whose names inswethe. —Nichas Martin, Richard Lynce fytz-Nich. Davy O’Dowan, testis.” —Orsg. ‘* Deede of the Clagann, A. D. 1612. * Be it knowen to all men by theis presents, that wee Margarett nyne Dermott mor O'falluran late of the Clegan in the countie of Galwey, and Onora nyne Jonecke O' Halluran of the same, for a certaine soome of money to us in hand well and truely contented, satisfied and paid, have remised, released, and for us and our heires for ever, quitt claimed by these presents, unto Morugh ne Moyre O'Flaherty of Bo- noven in the countie of Galwey aforesaid, gent. in his full and peaceable possession and seisin being, his heires and assignes for ever, all that our right, tithe, claime, demand and interest, which ever we have had, or which for ever hereafter we shall have, our heires, executors and assignes, of all and singuler the cartron of land with thappurte- nances called Knoekbane, the cartron of land of Lacknehae, the cartron of Knock m’Gil- lechrist, the haulf quarter of land in the Kealmor, the cartron of land of Knockyle, the cartron of Kleganbig and Fallereagh, and the cartron ofthe Kyllyne called Sranelana, with their hereditaments and appurtenances, situated in the Clagan in the barony of Ballenchense within the countie of Galwey, soe as neither we the said Margarett and Onora nor our heires, nor any other person or persons whatsoever by us, for us, or in our orany of our names, any right, title, claime, demande, or interest of and in the lands, tenements hereditaments with thappurtenances afuresaid, or in any parte or par- cell thereof; and that we may not dispose, claime, or sell the sume for ever hereafter, but of all actions, rightes, titles, claime, demaund, and interest, shalbe excluded for ever by these presents. And we the said Margarett and Onora and our heires, alland singuler the lands, tenements and hereditaments with the appurtenances aforesaid, unto the said Morogh O'Flahertie his heires and assignes for ever, against us and our heires, and against all other person or persons whatsoever lawfully haveing, claimeing or which for ever hereafter shall lawfully claime, into the lands, tenements, and here- ditaments with thappurtenances aforesaid, or into any parte or parcel! thereof, anie right, title. state or interest, of, by or under us the said Margarett and Onora, our heires or assigns, shall save, warraunt, acquitt and defend for ever, by these presentes. In witnes whereof we have hereunto set ouer signes and seales, dated the fifteenth day of September A“. D®, 1612.—Margrett nyn X Dermot mor O'Halloran. Onner nyn x Jonicke O’ Halloran.—Beinge presente at the signing, sealing and delivery of this deede we whose names are subseribed.—Forinan m' Dermote Follan is marke, g. p.— Morroch x Marrey O*Povane, is marke.—Davy X O*Dovane is marke.—Knogher x og m' Knohor im Owen.” —Orey. "" Donoghe y 259 “ Donoghe m°. Moyller et al. is dede A. D. 1614. “ Be yt knowen to all men by theise presents, that wee Donogh m*Moyller O’Hal- loran, Moyller Granae O’Halloran and Teige mac Donoghoe O’Halloran of Bearney, in the county of the towne of Galway, gent. for and in consideration of the some of sixteine poundes ster. currant money in England, to us before the perfectinge hereof payed and contented, of and by the hands of Morough O’Flshertie, alias Morough ne muyer O’Flahertie of Bonowen in the countie of Galway, gent. have graunted, bar- gainned, sould and confirmed, lyckas by theis presentes wee doe give, graunte, bargann, sell and confirm, unto the said Morough ne muyer O’F lahertie all that the castell, com- monly caled the castell of Rinvtel-ohwoy, and three cartrones of land thereunto ajoyn- ninge, viz. the cartron of Inveran, whereuppon the said castell is situated, the cartron of Ardenegrevagh, and the cartron of Korrwoher, all situated lyenge and beinge in Ter-connaght, within the barrony of Ballinehinsey in the said county of Galway: To have and to hould unto the said Moroghoe O’F flahertie his heires and assignes for ever; to hould of the chief lords of the ffee, by the services thereof due and by lawe accustomed. And we have appointed our welbeloved in Christ Ffargananym m‘Searvreh of Moerysh gentleman, our true and lawfull attorney to deliver livery, seisin and possession of the said castell and landes with thappurtenances unto the said Moroghoe O’Fflahertie, accordinge the purporte, effect and true meaning of this our present deed; hereby ratefienge and confirminge all and whatsoever our said attorney shall doe or happen to be don in the premisses, firmely by theis presentes. In wittnes whereof we have hereto putt our handes and seales, the last day of the month of Aprill An’. Dom. 1614, é“ Present when the said Ffarganannim mac Searvreh the attorney, delivered livery, seisin and possession of the castell, towne and landes within specified, unto the said Moroghoe O’Fflahertie, wee whose names ensue, Edmond O’Halloran m‘Donell O’Hal- loran, testis—F fernando Folain—William O’Duan—Rory Oge Duan, testis..— Orig. “ Erevan O’Halloraine his deede of Mullaghglasse. “ A.D. 1645. é“ Be it knowne unto all men by these presents that I Erevan O’Halloraine of Mul- laghglasse in the countie of Galway, gent. for the sum of seaven pounds fouer shillings ster. currant lawful money of and in England, to me before hand well and truely con- tented, satisflied and paied, have given, granted, confirmed, bargained and sold, like as by these presents I doe give, graunt, confirme, bargaine and sell, unto Edmond Ffla- herty of Roynvoyly in the said county of Galway Esq’. his heires and assignes for ever, all that the cartron of Mullaghglasse, with the appurtennances, being in the barony of Ballynehensy within the county of Galway, and all woods, water-ways, easures, pro- 2L2 fitts, 260 fitts, comodities, houses, lands, tenements, hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or in anie wise appertaining: To have and to hould all and singuler the foresaid hereditaments before given, graunted, bargained and sold, unto the said Ed- mond Fflaherty his heires and assignes for ever, to his the said Edmond Fflaherty, his heires and assignes sole and proper use and behoofe for ever, from the cheefe lords of that fee, for such services as are thereout due and accustomed. And I the said Erevan (YHalloraine my heires and assignes, all and singuler the aforesaid hereditaments, before given, graunted, bargained and sould, unto the said Edmond Fflaherty his heires and assignes, against all manner of persones, shall save, warrant, acquitt and defend for ever, by theis presents. And further be it knowne that I the said Erevan O’Hallo- raine, with my proper hands, have delivered full and peasable possession and seisin of all and singuler the aforesaid hereditaments, unto the said Edmond Fflaherty, secord- ing to the true meaning, intent. and effect of this my present deed; provided alwaies and uppon condition that, whensoever hereafter I the said Everan O’llallorain, my heires or assignes, doe well and truely content, satisfie and paie unto the said Edmond O’Ffla- herty, his heires or assignes, the full and just sum of seaven pounds fouer shillings ster, currant lawfull money of and in England, ofa good, fine and weaghtie cuined silver, as at this day is currant in that realme, having five shillings to every ounce troy-weaght, and fouer Irish ounces to every pound theref, in one entheir payment, that then and from thenceforth, it shalbe lawfull for me the said Erevan O’Hallorain my heires and assighes, into all and singuler the said hereditaments to reinter, and the same to have againe and repossesse as in my former estate, anie thing herein contained to the coun trary notwithstanding. In wittnes whereof, 1 the said Erevan O’Hallorain have sett hereunto my hand and seale, the rgth of November 1645. * EREVAN O'HALLORAINE (seal). * Being present C. Dowan testis, &e."— Orig. " Indenture, g™ Jan. 1681, between Nicholas Lynch fitz-Marcus of Barney in the county of the town of Galway, gent. and Ftinyne Hallorane of Galway, gent. recites that John Whaley of Newford co. of Galway, esq. (Grantee under the Act of Settlement) In consideration of £644 134. 4. to him paid by the said Nicholas Lyneh, by deeds dated 15™ and 16™ October 1681, released unto the said Nicholas Lynch, among others the lands following: and that the said Ftinvne Hollerane paid unte the said Nicholas £83 42. 2d. sterling, part of the said larger sum, and in trust received from said Ftinyne towards the same: the deed therefore witnessed, that the said Nicholas Lynch, in consideration thereof. granted and released unto the said Ffinyne, one-third part of the lands of Pollneromy, Gortetlevey, Parke ne Toriny, part and parcell of the quarter of land of Cnocknecaragh, and a rateable proportion of the said John Whaley’s 261 Whaley’s interest in the moiety of Mincloone, (Domnick Browne of Carrabrowne & Richard Martine’s interest therein always foreprized and excepted) and also a propor- tion of the quarter of land of Rahune, lying on the left hand of the King’s high-way leading to Barney; and then in the occupation of Lisagh Hallorane, all situate in the west liberties of Galway. To hold the same to the said Ffynine his heirs and assigns, for ever. Witness Thady M* Namara—Dominick Halloran—George Halloran—An- drew Ffrenche. “On 15" Feb. 1709, the same Feenine Halloran demised to William Brock of Glanineagh, C°*. Clare, one-third part of Poulnaruma and Tiefgarraff ; which the said Feenine held in common with his nephew Myles Halloran, together with the said Feenine’s proportion of Mincloone, for 31 years at the yearly rent of £6 tos. ster- ling.—Reg*. 13" May 1718.” Since that time, the O’Halloran family has lost even those remnants of its ancient inheritance. Individuals of the name still abound in Jar-Connaught and the western islands; but, with very few exceptions, they are all reduced to a state of poverty. NOTE U. See page 69, Notes. “The Craft of evill spirits.” *“* William Sacheverell, Esq. late Governour of Man,” who was contemporary with our author, in his account of that island (London, 8vo., 1702), and of ‘‘ some remarkable things there, in a letter to Mr. Joseph Addison of Magdalen College, Oxon” (the well- known writer in the Spectator), speaking of the “light generally seen at People’s Deaths,” says, p. 15, “‘I have some Assurances so probable, that I know not how to disbe- lieve them.” The Governor then givesan instance, of the truth of which he was “ assured by a Man of great Integrity,” and thus continues : ““ Whether those fancies proceed from Ignorance, Superstition, or Prejudice of Education, or from any traditional or heritable Magic, which is the opinion of the Scotch Divines concerning their second sight, or whether Nature has adapted the organs of some Persons for discerning of Spirits, 1s not for me to determine, since I design the whole for an Introduction to a Story which happened in the year 1690, upon the late King’s going into Jreland, of a little Boy then scarce 8 years old, who frequently told the Family in which he lived, of two fine Gentlemen who daily Convers'd with him, and gave him Victuals, and something out of a Bottle, of a greenish Colour, and sweet taste, to drink. This making a Noise, the present Deemster, a Judge of the Island, a Man of good Sense and probity, went into the Mountains to see if he could make any Discovery what they were; he found the Boy, who told him they were sitting under a Hedge about sa Hundred Yards from him. The Deemster bid the Boy ask them, why he could not see them, accordingly the Boy went to the Place, put off his Cap, and made his Reve- rence, 262 rence, and returning said, It was the Will of God they should not be seen, but the (rentlemen were sorry for his Incredulity. The Deemster pull’d a Crown-piece out of his Pocket, and ask’d the Boy what it was; the Boy answer’d he could not tell, be Fade him ask the Gentlemen; the Boy went as before, and returning told him, they said it was silver, but that they shew'd him a great deal of such silver, and much yellow Silver besides. Another day a Neighbouring Minister went into the Moun- tuins, the Boy told him they were in a Barn hard by, exercising the Pike; he went to the door of the Barn, and saw a Pitch-fork moving with all the proper Postures of Exercise, upon which rushing into the Barn the Fork was struck to the ruof, and no Person to be seen. Another day the Boy came and told Captain Sterenson that one of em came with his hand Bloody, and said he had been in a Battle in /reland ; the Captain mark’d the day, and the” they had no News in near a Month after, it agreed exactly with the time Colonel Woolsley had given the Irish a considerable Defeat. |, could give you an hundred other Instances during their stay, which was above a Month, but at last the King came with his Fleet into Ramsey Bay, which one of them telling the other before the Boy, he answer’d, it was well the King was there in Per- son, for had he sent never so many Generals, his Affairs would not Prosper; and speaking to the Boy, told him they must now go with the King into Zreland ; that he might tell the People of the Island, there woud be a Battle fought betwixt Mid- sunimer and St. Columbus Day, upon which the future Fortune of Jreland would depend, which exactly agreed with the Action of the Boyne. That the War would last IO or 11 Years, according te one Information, or 12 or 13 according to another, (which is the only Variation F could observe in the whole Story) the Boy being so very young, and having forgot great Part of it himself before [ came into the Fland : bat that in the end King William would be Victorious over all his Enemies. He that considers the Youth, and Ignorance of the Boy, which render'd him incapable of carrying on an Imposture, meat needs allow there ta something uncommon m tt, except there had been a Conspiracy of all the best of the People to deceive me, and every Person mentioned is still living. and ready to attest (if need require) upon Oath what I have alledg’d. For myself 1] can assure you have transmitted it with the utmost fidelity, the’ much short of my Original Information, and only beg you to accept of the whole as a Testimony of the Real Esteem of Sir, your most humble servant, W Sacheverell.” Boldly as our good governor had inveighed against “Ignorance, Superstition, and Pre- judice of Education” in the beginning of his letter, itis evident that, towards the end of it, hisown credulity became sadly bewildered. From Spectator No. 110, it may be inferred that the enlightened Addison himself believed the narrative, and even alluded to it in the 263 the following words. ‘Could I not give myself up to this general testimony of man- kind, I should to the relations of particular persons who are now living, and whom I cannot distrust in other matters of fact.” The learned priest Verstegan, who belonged to the generation before our author, in his “ Restitution of decayed Intelligence,” p. 85, has related an occurrence which he also seems to have firmly believed, viz. '“ A most true and maruelous strange accident of the pide piper, that hapened in Sazony not many ages past; which great wonder hapned at Hamel in Brunswicke on the 22 day of July in the yeare of our Lord 1376.” These instances may suffice to shew that other learned men have agreed with our author in opinion, that “ the craft of evill spirits is more than our judgements can sound out.” Ware gravely ridicules O’Brasil, and those, qui “: oleam et operam perdiderunt” in search of it.—Antig. c. xxviii. See ante, p. 20, note (") for the celebrated Mananan, the son of Lir, who gave name to the isle of Man, as we are informed by some of the learned historians of that ‘ king- dom;”? and who further state, that the old Statute Book of Man describes him thus: ‘© Mananan Mac Ler, the first man who held Man, was ruler thereof, and after whom the land was named, reigned many years, and was a paynim: he kept the land under mists by his necromancy. If he dreaded an enemy, he would of one man cause to seem one hundred, and that by art magic.” But see Mac Firbis’s account of the Belge of Ireland, preserved in MS. in the library of the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, which states, that old authorities relate, that the inhabitants of the isle of Man sprung from Beothach, son of Iartas, and from Semians and Fergus the red-sided. ‘ a vem pléacca ele, pol Oheocargy mic lancaip, agup pol Semianp, agur prol Feanaupa lecóencc tread Fuil) Manuinn.” According to Orosius, Man was first inhabited by the Scots of Ire- land. Even still, many of their adventurous descendants resort thither, and, no doubt, are much indebted to the “ Mists.” But this appears to have been the case from the carhest _Periots “in eam tamquam in asylum Ultonienses confluxerunt.”—Gratian. Lue. NOTE V. See page 82, note,®. ‘* Rats.” The following curious communication, on the subject of this note, is taken from the original, preserved in the Manuscript Library, Trinity College, Dublin. B. I. 1. 3. p. 316. “ To Dr. Molineauz at his House in Dublin. “ Donegall the otk of June 1708. “ Sr, ‘* Altho I have delayed writing to you, yet I have not forgot my promise: I thought it better that the account I send you should be slow than lame, rather tedious when it comes, than imperfect. “I have (a is—r 5 eee“ - 264 * T have made dilligent inquiry about Ratts in this Country: and find, that it is certain (there being no reason why the whole country should decetve me in an affair of this nature, wherein they can have no interest to tell a lye) that there is a considerable tract of Land about Donegall wherein there is not one Ratt, tho’ Ballyshannon on the one hand, and Killybeggs on the other, the first ten, and the latter 12 miles distant from it, have enough to send Colonies to the adjacent Countries. This is the more strange. because Donegall is a sea port town, as well as the other two, tho’ not near so much frequented by ships: but such as ships come to, even sometimes now, tho formerly (as I am told) it had greater trade. I have seen one or two ships there, which might easily have left some ratts for breed, for they say generally ships have enough of that Carge to spare. So that notwithstanding Donegall is not so much frequented with Shipping, yet there has not been opportunities wanting for rats to come thither from ships, for tis well known, thatin the time of the wars, the Grayhound Man-of-War, which wanted not rats (us is probable) lay sometimes in the river not above halfe a mile from Done wall, which place they might sufely goe to from the ship, which is customary to thee animals, But it is not only the town of Donegall that is blessed with the absence of that vermin, the whole Parish of Drumholm, and two or three more of the adjacent Parishes, pertake of the same happiness, tho’ they have this in common with other places, that they are alike pestered with mice. I was ut first doubtfull whither or no Ballyshan- non and Killybeges had Rats, but now have gott a perticular account from Henry Caldwell Esq” a considerable merchant who is eldest son to 5’ James Caldwell, that he has had damage done him by rats in his stere-house at Killybeggs, and an intelligent person told me, that about a fortnight before this, at Killybeggs, he was disturbed all night by ratts, and saw severall in the morning, for they were so bold, that they ran about the Bed. and for demonstration that there are many at Ballyshannon Mr. Cald- well told me a very odd story, viz. that the men who take care of a considerable salmon fishing, which he tarms trom the Lord Folliott, do Prophesie whither there will be few or many salmon catcht that year, by the number of rats they sce upon a little Island in the river, where they make up their fish, So if they see many rats, they expect many salmon, if few Rats they Conclude they will take but a few fish. I do not mention this as it there was any thing to be depended on as to the observation of the persons concerned in the fishing, tho they build much upon it, but I give it as an instance that there are Rats in abundance at Ballyshannon, the they do not come within a oF 3 miles of my house, which is not above five or six at furthest from Ballyshannon. * As to the other Story which you have heard, concerning some part of the Barony of Boylogh and Bannowh viz. that Cattle eannot live there in summer. 1 can find no yreat mutter in it. It is sandy ground, us Í am told, and I believe little grass grows there aad 265 there ina dry summer, and perhaps there may be unwholesome herbs amongst it, this makes the people drive off their cattle in summer, and by that means they have top grass in the winter. Iam apt to believe that all sandy ground is much of the same nature, for I observe that my own cattle do not much love to stay upon a sandy warren that is near their pasture. I suppose it is for the same reason that the cattle do not thrive in the Rosses (that is the name of the place) in summer, so I apprehend no great matter in the relation, but if you think it worth a more exact scrutiny, at any time, I shall be ready to obey your commands. é“ This, sir, is a tedious letter, but I choose rather to be impertinent than defective. Could I be so happie as to be able to serve you, you should always find how ready I would be to show how much I am, sir, your most affec humble servant, “ THo. WADMAN.” NOTE W. See page 84. note m. “ Athenry.” This town was founded by a colony of Anglo-Norman settlers, who were brought thither shortly before the middle of the thirteenth century, by the De Burgos; and from that time until towards the close of the sixteenth century, it was a place of considerable importance in the west of Ireland. In A.D. 1249, a battle was fought here between the Irish and English, of which the following account is given in the Annals of Clon- macnois, as translated by Conly Mac Geoghegan, and preserved in the MS. Library of Trinity College, Dublin, F. 3. tg. “ A.D. 1249. The [Jrisk] nobility of Connaught went to Athenrie to prey and spoile that towne, on the day of our Lady the blessed Virgin Mary, in the middest of harvest. There were a great armye, with Terlaugh mac Hugh. The sheriff of Connoght with many Englishmen were in the said towne before them. The sheriff and Englishmen desired them, in honnor of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose day then was, to forbeare with them that day, which the said Irish nobility refused to give any respect, either in honor of the Blessed Virgin or holly roode. They assaulted the town against the will of the said Terlaugh, which Jordan de Exetra the sheriffe and Englishmen seeing, they rushed forthe to meet with the said Irishmen, where the Virgin Mary wrought miraculouslye against the said nobillity. When the Irish nobility saw the Englishmen, and horsemen well appoynted with harnish, armes and shirts of mail, make towards them, they were daunted and affrighted at theire sight, and presently discom- fitted. Hugh mac Hugh O’Connor was killed in that presence. Dermott Roe mac Cormach O’Melaghlen, the two sonnes of O’Kellie, Bryen and Dery mac Manus, Carick an Tivall mac Neale O’Connor, Brithgalagh mac Keigan, the sons of Dermott Backagh O’Connor, the two sones of Loghlyn O’Connor, Daniel mac Cormack mac Der- IRISH ARCH. 80C. IS. 2M moda 266 moda, Finanagh mac Brannan, Cowmowan mac Cassurley, with many more, were killed in that place.” See also the Annals of the Four Masters, at the same year. This victory gave confidence to the new settlers, and the town consequently in- creased, On 14th October, 1310, a murage charter was granted to the bailiffs and good men of Athnery (fthenry) empowering them, for three years from the then feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, to levy and take the customs therein specified, for the pur- pose of enclosing the town with a stone wall.—Rot. Pat. 3, 4 Edw. IL m. 3. This is one of the earhest Anglo-Norman documents of the kind now remaining on record m Ireland. The commodities thereunto either by parliament or otherwise, or at least for a tvme tvil som apte place in Thomond maie at the Countrie chardyges be Accordingly, on 1§th July, 1585, a commilssion issued, di- rected circuited with a wall, which we think n& han ut: be broght to passe in this peaceible tyme, wherein we are contented that the laborens tu te renarved & us in the Composicons be imployved, & do ne bt: you the choise of the place, we we conceave maie tithie he at Quyne. Killaloe, or Innis, yf Clare be me ours. but graunted to thearle of Theamend as We are enformid. $. ° Forther yt is to be wisshed that in even Countie of Connaght where there are not alredie apt & saulfe places for the keepinge of the Assises & Cessions, that the Countice at their chardges were induced by youd perswacon & not by constravnte, to circuit a convenyent place apte for a towne. with a wall of Ivme & stone, w" places we are comtente to incorporat with such liberties, to drawe inhabitagmes to vt, as to other Corporacons of like situacun within that Realm have ben grauntel: Fíor pasdnge of which praunts, these shalbe sufficient warrant to the Governor for the tyne beinge: which Chur determy- nacon & desire to have thei places of strength builded, we will vou in our name to signitie to all those under your govermnente, so aa every Countic performe one worke in the same, Judging that thaptest place be at Sligo for the County of Slige, at Bares (Burishool) for the County of Maio, at Rosc for the Countie of Roscaman, & at Ballenasloe for the County of Galloway. 5. And wheare O'Conor Sligo uppon a wreage Shygestion untae us of the small Circuit and disabili- tie of his Countriv, obtayned of us a Warrante for a graunt té passe in Trelande for the fredom of his lands, in considerancon óf ch. Irish per annum, to be paved Ly hym, which graunte he hath nether passed there. ner obsarviel the ccantioons to he performed an his parte: we think it meete that ve treate with hra, te velde to such Compesicon as the rest of the cap- tas ne of Countries within that Province have com sented unto, ratibly accurdinge to the quantetie of 395 rected to Sir Richard Bingham Governor of Connaught, the Earls of Thomond and Clanrickard, the Baron of Athenrie, Sir Tyrrelazh O'Brien, Sir Richard Bourke Mac his countrie, which we thinke reasonable, as well in respect of our chardge and expences as setling a Goverment ther for defence of hym, and other of his qualitie, as also that the condicons to be observed by hym have not ben kepte accordinge to the worde and meaninge in our furmer graunte. 6. “ Also, we thinke yt convenyent that Connaght be restored to the auncyent boundes, & that the go- verment thereof be under you, especially of all the lands of Connaght & Thomond, beinge within the waters of Shenyn, Loughrve, & Lough Erne; & be- cause yer chalengeth som Ilands in the Lough, & som uppon the mayne uppon Connaght side, Our pleasure is that you make chalenge of a rente, by waie of Composicon, for so much therof as is out of Ulster, thinking yt also reasonable that for his lands in Connaght he shall beare with that province accord- inge to the quantitie of the soyle, & to the Composi- cons resarved uppon others, wherein our pleasure is, he be as favorably dealte withal, as any other of Con- naght that hath compounded (the goodness of the soyle considered). 7. “ Also whereas at our chardge a bridge hath ben lately buylded at Ballenslowe uppon the river of Sucke, & that there is great liklihode that the same should be shortlie overthrowne yf the Castell there weare in the kepinge of thIrish, or any doubtfull or undutifull subject; We have thought mete in respect of our service that the said Castell be con- tyneued in our hands & possession, being in the comen passadge to Galloway: And therfor do will you to kepe yt to our use, with a warde therin accordinge to the chardge now assigned in our establishment of thArmy, tyll such tyme as yt maie further be assured to us, either by release from the arle, by Composicon, or Act of parliament. 8. “ Also where the arle of Ormond claymeth certayn lands in the Countrie called O’Kellies Coun- trey, & claymeth also by a graunt from us to have IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. William them free, whereuppon the fermors of the same landes deteyne xl! per ann. wherewith you are chardged as parcell of the Composicons. We have ordred that the Earle shall, within twelve monethes next ensu- inge, acquaynt our Counsell learned in that Realme with his tytle, & yf yt fall out to be good and sufficient, then thearle shall be compounded withall & consideracon had of hym to the value, and you to receive the hole Composicon of the Okellies, And tyll the tytle be decided & the Earle satified, the said xl! per ann. shalbe allowed to you uppon your accompte yerely, by the Auditor for w°" this shalbe sufficient warrante to hym & to his Deputie. 9. ‘‘ Also where Sir Edward Fiton late President in Connaght, hath in his custodie certeine books of the devicon of Connaght, & other conteyninge orders taken in his tyme, & bondes of recognisaunces for- feicted by divers persons to the some, as we be in- formed, of ten thousande pounds; Our ples’ is that you repaire to our Justice, requiringe hym to de- maund in our name the said bookes & bonds of the said Sir Edward; And that our said Justice cause a doble to be made of them, And the duplicate to be delivered to you, the originalls to remayne in our Exchequir there, w the chiefe Remembrauncer of that Court. Nevertheles no execucon to be don in the levienge of the said debts, without the privitie of the lord Justice and the reste of our privie Coun- sell there. 10. ‘* And we have thought good to let you knowe, that we take in good & acceptable parte the manner of your procedinge hetherto in your chardge, because you have used the sword no further than to such as have ben in open hostilitie and rebellyon, and that to the rest you have extended our clemency, after a mylde and curteous maner of dealinge; in wch course we wysh you to continewe, beinge a mat- ter most pleasinge to us, when we hire that our subjects shew their loialtie without force or con- 2 R 306 William Eughter, Sir Donyll O'Connor Sligo, Sir Brian O*Royrke, Sir Morough ne Doe O'Flaherty, and others: reciting. ** Wher our province of Connaught and The straynte to be used by our ministers: And therefor our pleasure is that you make often advertisments as well to our Justice there, (to whom the kKnowled.ce of the whole Realme appertavneth), as to us of the state of that Province, & of the particular dispos- can of the chiefe ventlemen to our service, to thend that we may uppen your geod report rewant & cherish those that be well affected: ta) justice & obe- dience i; ail ei the contrarie parte, punish the wicked & Ul-disposed wt all sev eritie. Pl. And where we have appoynted to you yerely, thvinpost or custome of Wynes within the Towne of Callaway. as parcel] of your intertaynement ap- poyntedin thestablistiment; Qur pleasure is that vou do verely indent with thetlieer of our Casualties, or w") his deputic, as well for receipt of all such somes as shall growe uppot that yimpost, as for fynes or any other casualties that shall com to your hands within vour chardge: And forthe fynes we leave so much of them to vour disposicon, as yeu shall thinke vod to bestowe either in the necessane reparacons of our bowses, or for reward of service under yeu, sé as the same appere in your aecomipte, & bé srounded ippon good) & reasonable causes & respect, whereof we assure ourselves of vour care & conside- racon, that nothing shall be unmecessarily or vaynely Iw stowed, 12.00 And forasmiuch as nething is nmiere neces. earie te be Toke unto caretully by vou, then that recond be duly keptes as well at atl manner off com- pesicons, as of allother rents, préflitts, or casualties that shall come unte os within vour rule; we will that net onely in such cases, but in all controversies etwene partie Xo parties thordars taken by you ta reostred by othe Clarke of the Counsell in Con- acht: Ail ffurther that all processes that shall patsse from ven for ajjweranci s ór otherwise, bee sent ab ti: seal: of thre Pres ier: a like wee fur mk pel, proteccons wt® we wyshe not ty be sraunted, bet in cases of wreate Decessitie. “FRA. WALSYNGHAM” Rot, Pat. 21 Eliz. M. 9, f. Rolls’ Off. abha Secretary Walsinghanr's original drsft of the for-- coin " Orders.” is still preserved in the Cat Library, British Museum, Titus, B. NED. Na al p. 226, It contains the following interesting clagws Which do not appear in the inrelment. x. Also, where we are desirus that a Collake should be erected in the nature uf an University a some convenient place of Irelande, fur instructing and educacon of youth in lerninx, And that we oo erive the town of Clonfert, within that proviner uf Connaught, to be aptlie seated beth for helth. ast comodity of the rywer of Shenin running by it, and because it is also neere to the midle of the Reabme, whereby all men may with small travell end their children thether, we have thought yoo that se viewe the place, and consider with what charge the same may be circuited with a wall, and what baild- ings be there already, aml what necessary to be addid, and what maintenance the Hishepricks ad Clonfert: and Eltine (if they were united to that Collede-) might) give towards the exhibies cé And whether the other bishqs af that Province be not eufficient for the same, if thes lernid men there. were well divided) inte sev erall dituewe-e, of alll whack we will that vou advertise your opimion ta un: be thend we may hereafter give farder onfer tao joe tice te assemble the Byshops of the hale Reahlme, he a contibuyeon to he veblicd for the maintenance “4 lernid men in that or sume other convenient place in Irland: for we finde that the Runayaten of that thicen, Which under pretence of aturly in the Univer- sities beyond the: sets, doe n-terne freiht with super- stitien and: treason, are the very instrumentes ie sturre apoo? subjects to unlutifulnes and rebellion, 397 mond, through the contynuall dissention of the Lords and Chieftaines challenging authorities, cuttings and cessings, under pretexte of defending the people under their several rules, have run to all errors; and understanding the good inclination of these our subjects, through the good mynysterie of our truly and well beloved Sir John Perrott, our Deputy, &c. to embrace all good wayes and meanes that may be devised, to conserve them in our obedience, and their rights and titles reduced from the un- certaintye wherein it stood, to continue certain for ever hereafter.’ The commis- sioners were empowered to call before them “all the nobilitie, spiritual and temporal, and all the chieftaines and lords of the saide countries and barronies, and in lieu of the uncertain cesse, cuttinge, and spendings aforesaid, to compound after their best discretions, and to devise and lay down all things that shall tend to the real good and quiet of that countrie; which after the passinge of the same by Indenture, is meant to be ratified by Act of Parliament.”—Orig. The following proposals were made by the Commissioners. é“ The Chieftaines of Countries, Gentlemen, and Free-holders of that Province of Connaught, to passe unto the Queenes Majesty, her Heirs and Successours, a graunt of tenne shillings for whom we mean shortly to provide by parlement ; and in the mean season, will you to apprehend all such as you shall lerne to remayne within yo' rule, that be so evill affected. 10. “And wher Report hath bene made unto us, by of Deputy of that Realme and by you, that Sir John Burk, comonly called Mc William Exter, hath shewid great forwardnes in o' ser- vice embrasing all civility, and shewing good ex- ample to the Irishe Captens there in their Compo- titions: For as much as it is also evident, that he is dissended of a noble house of Englishe race, we are therefore resolvid to nobilitate hym w' the Honor and Titell of an Erle, during his lief; and that his eldest sonne shall also be a Baron, to hym and to the heires males of his body, and to have estates ac- cordingly of so much as is their own, with a salvo jere to all other that have right; for performance whereof under o” Letters Patents we now send war- rant to o justice accordingly : willing you to con- ferre with the said S' John Burk and his said sunne and heire, towching the names which they like to beare in their creacons, to thend it may be accom- English, plished accordinglie. The like order we have also given for Morroghe ne doe Oflarty to be made a Baron. And therefore leave to our Justice and to you, to appoint a convenient tyme and place for their apparaunces before hym, to perfourme the ceremony of their creacons. 13. [Concludes as follows] ‘‘ And whereas we un- derstand, that divers howses freight with Friers re- maine in some parts of that Province unsuppressed ; oF ples’ is that you cause them to abandon those places, and to compell them to chaunge their cotes, and to live according to of lawes; which howses may be apt places for the habitacon of such English men, as we meane shall] have Estates in our lands in those parts.” — Orig. draft. Titus, B. XII., No. 143, p. 598, contains a re- vised transcript of the draft alluded to, but the three foregoing clauses are omitted. For “Sir John Burk, Mac William Exter,” see ante, pp. 800-1; and Lodge, Ed. 1789, Vol. IV. p. 288. He was com- monly called Shane mér, Johannes magnus, and died A.D. 1580. For ‘“‘ Morroghe na doe Oflarty,” see ante, p. 60; and the sequel hereof. 2R2 308 Englieh, or a marke Irish, upon every quarter of land containing 120 Acres, manured, or to be manured, as the phrase went, and was significantly set downe, that Leares either horne or corne, that was, with tillage or cattell, in lieu and consideration to hee dis- charged from other Cess, taxation, or tallage, excepting the rising out of [forse and Foote, for the service of the Prince and State, such as should be particularly agreed! upon, and some certaine dayes labour for building and tortifaction for the safety of the people and kingdome.”"—Government of Treland under Sir John Perrot, Knight, gto London, 1626, p. 80. The narrative then continues as follows: “ According to which These Commissioners did travaile through the several Counties of Connaught, first calling and conferring with the Lords Commission, and the directions therein contained. Chieftaines, Gentlemen, and Free-holders in their severall Precinet~ and Possessions to finde their dispositions, how farre they were willing to condiscend, and yeeld te such a course, for the satisfaction of their Prince, and freedome of themselves from further burthens, to make their charge certaine, and that but small. “These things well propounded, and discretely prosecuted: most, and in a manner, all the principall possessors of land in that Province, as they were generally dealt withall, did assent te this contribution.” — fi." The reasons which induced the aboriginal Irish lords and chieftains to ** assent” so readily “to this contribution,” are thus stated by a learned modern writer. * Harassed by the perpetual aggressions of the warlike English families, who had settled in the chief towns, and fenced themselves round with formidable castles and entrenchments—divided also by family feuds, and shorn in a great measure of their honours and power, the native princes gladly acecummodated themselves to Perrot’> proposals, in the hope of a settled form of government, and perhaps of revenge, as well as defence against the Anglo-Irish lords, their rivals in power, who were better armed and disciplined than they. The old leading families of that province surrendered the exorbitant power which they had hitherto exerted over their wretched vassals. But experience soon proved that the promised protcetion was inadequately afforded, and they quickly returned to their Irish customs. and easily prevailed on their vassals te be governed hy the maxims of their brehon law-."— O' Conor. Cat. MSS. Store. J 123- * After h Gratianus Licins alludes te their proceedings as follows.—- Cumbh. Erers. p. 29. % Poreurri seriptum, quied iter quorundam á Joanne Perrotto Hibernie prorege, jer Conacam, & Tomoniam. anno post Christum natunp D585, stati pull Resttes ae ris i- pessessoribos preseribendd causa, delevateram In toto ille decursa, pulls pene dit fuit, in qua, originis Hibernica: possene? censnin prised tribnati view delegatis statuentibus Bas refern hat. accurate | prosequitur, (Qlued etiam non obscuré scriptor era In ile rmia Joanne Perrotta: propeay, gestarum in- nuit.— Jib, Jaap. pag. SD. ef acy.” 399 “ After treaties, succeeded Inquisitions to find what quantity there was in each Barony, and who were found owners thereof. Indentures were drawne betweene the Deputy in the behalfe of the Queene on the one part, and the chiefe possessioners in the several Precincts on the other, expressing so many quarters and quantities of Land, with the Rents thereon reserved, and such other covenants as were therein con- tained.”—Government, &c. p. 82. The Commissioners commenced with the “County of Clare and Thomond.” ‘Then followed the districts comprehended within the newly created “County of Galway.” Among these, the following “ Indentures of Composition” were entered into for the territory of Iar-Connaught. Those of the other counties of the province will be found in succession; but as they all agree in form, the technical verbiage, to avoid prolixity, has been omitted in each except the first. Almost all the Ecclesiastical lands of Con- naught are held under these important, and hitherto nearly unknown, documents. The original inrolments are preserved in the Record Branch of the office of Paymaster of Civil Services, Dublin; and the following are now, for the first time, printed. INDENTURES OF COMPOSITION. A. D. 1585. | I. “ The Country of the O’ Fifiahertyes called Eyre-Conaght. “THIS INDENTURE made betwixte the Right Honorable Sir John Perrotte Knighte, Lorde Deputie Generall of Irlande, for and on the behaulfe of the Queenes most excellent Ma” of the one parte, and S’ Moroghe ne doe of Aghnenure in the county of Gallway Knight, otherwise called O’F flahertie—Donell Crone O’F flahertie of the Cnocke, competitor for the name of O’Fflahertie—Teig ne Boolye (na uile) of the Arde, otherwise called O’Fflahertie of both Con o Marrice—Owine fitz-Donyell Coghie* O’Fflahertie of Bonowen, gent.—Moroghe O’Fflahertie of the sam, gent.— Roger O’F fla- harty of Moycullen’, gent.—Danyell M" Rory O’Fflaharty of the Owre, gent.—Rory O'Fflaharty and Danyell his brother, sonnes to Moroghe ne Mooe—M* 'Thomas'—M" Connor © This Donyell Coghie (Oomnaill an Cogaid) ‘The latter was afterwards known by the name of had to wife Grace O’Mailly, well known in modern Morogh na Maor.—See p. 108, ante, note ta. times by the name of Grauna Weale ; and by her 4 This Roger O’Fflaharty was chieftain of Moy- he had the two sons above-named, ‘‘Owine and Mo- _ cullen, and grandfather of our author. roghe.” The first was slain in A.p. 1586, by the © Mac Thomas, chief of the Joyces. See ante, suldiers of Sir Richard Bingham.— Four Masters. p. 44, note ¥, and additional note P, p. 216. 310 Connor’ — O'Halloran — M‘ Cahill Boy M' Donoghe'—and M* Enry'—Dominyck- Lyuche of the Ballaghe, gent-—Domynicke Browne of Bearny, gent.—William Mar- tyne of Gortetleva, gent.—Richard Martyne of Ballyerter, gent.—Anthony Linche of the Dengine, gecnt— Marcus Linch titz-Nichollas of Furboghe, gent.—and Patrick ffrence of Curcholline, gent.—for and in the behalf of themselves and the rest of the Cheiftaynes, ffrecholders, Gent. ffarmers and inhabitants, having land or holdings within the countrey or terretorie of the OTFFLAITARTYES CONTREY called EYRE-CONAGIUT, their heires and assiyznes, of the other partie : ; “WYTNESSETH, that wher the said whole Cuntry of Eyre Conaught is devided into fower barronyes, that is to witt, the barrony vf Moycullyn, the barrony of Bal- lynehynsye, the barrony of Ress, and the barrony of the illes of Arren, which cun- teyneth in themselves, as well by uuncient Division as by late Inquisition and present- ments hereunto annexed, the nomber of 318 quarters of land, estemeing everie quar- ter, with his pastur, woodd and bogge, at 120 acres, as by a particular layinge downe of the same, in manner and forme followinge, yt may appeare—FIRSTE, in the barrony of Moycullen there is a quantitie of land called Gnomore and Gnobegge, which contayne 52 townes, consistinge of 138 quarters, that is to say, within Gno- more, in Aghnenure, 4 d“—in Ardeollume, 4 q"—in Ballymymyn, 4 q"—in Coy- showne or Fwoaghe, 2 q"—in Russhyne, 2 q"—in the Creagge, 1 J'—in the Leame, 1 q'—in the Corre, 1 g'—in Ballyraghaine, 4 y—in Ballyturlagoma, 4 q"—in Balli- roschall, 4 q"—in Ballywoehterarde, 4 q’—in Ballyvickgillewye. 4 q"—in Ballynera, 4 q"—in Ballyclonlorge, 4 qg*—in Currazheduife, a q'—in Rusmuck, 2 g”—in Leytrmyllane, 2 g”"—in Ballynemoght, 4 q°—in Killanelhire, 1 q'—in Lewghill, 1 q'—in Clocke M* Cahill om, 1 g'—in Tierny, 1 g—in Killeame, 2 J"—in Letercally, 1 q’—in Ballynhenry, 4 Jr —in the Ower, 2 qg"—in Kildaycamoge, 1 g'—in Rillu rvne, I q'—in Kylgeane. 1 g'’—in Inyse vickenchine, 2 q"—and in Ballynaghekear- nyn. 4 4“—which in that part of Gnomore cometh to 7g quarters, the moytie whereof issaid to belonge to Moroghe O°Flahertie is cept, and the other moytye to Rorie oge (WFlahertis cept. And within Gnobegge, in Moycullen, 4 q"—in Ballyclonyduff, 4 J“—in Ballyeoshowne, 4 q°—in Ballybarnae. 4 q"—in Buallineforbagh, ¢ q™—in Ballynspiddell, 4 a''—in Coyleroe, 1 y'—in Moyascraghe, 4q"—in Oheyrie, 4 g”— in ' Mae Connor, chief of a branch of the OFF la- herties, sprang trom Plush. the sn óf Ron: of Longh Rime: for whom see the Gettealosieal table, poat. é“ Mi Donshe. chief af another branch of the CVF Liberties called the Clan Doneorhs new Mae Denoush, sprung from Demah adwian second een of Muredach mor, for whom se Genealogical table h AE Enry, chief of the ancient Clan Conradd or Conrey, corrupted in latter times te " King.” This sept was ui ate in Tar-Connaught, several centuries heters the Ó Flahertios Sev ante, p. 253. 311 in Tullockyhamon, 4 q*—in Ballimoilgorryne, 4 q*—in Ballyquirecke, 4 q'—in Corcullen, 4 q"—in Lettermillayne, a q—in Innishomictriere, 2 g”—in Airdberrae, 1 q’'—in Ballynteny, 1 g'—in Ballilwye, 2 q’—and in Rynvilly Ohwye, 2 4”, within that parte of Gnobegge that is said to be belonging to Gilleduffe O’Flahertie, cometh to 59 q™, and for the whole within that barrony cometh to 138 q™. In the barrony of Ballynehynsye there are 33 townes, consistinge of 84 quarters, that is to say; in Ballinehinsie, 4 g'—in Ballymoylyne, 4 q"—in Ballymongan, 4 q"—in Ballindwyne, 4 q"—in Ballynclarie, 4 q"—in Ballylurie, 4 q"—in Ffeame, 1 q'—in Manynbegge, I q'—in Ballyfihensie, 4 q™—in Moynes, 4 d'"—in Moyrushe, 2 q"—in Urishelenane, 2q"—in Ardmore, a g'—in Dowghan, 1 q'—in Ballyvickenrie, 4 q"—in Ummy, 4 q"—in Carrowvegge, I q'—in Carrowahie, 1 g'—in Faydarge, 2 q™—in Soyle- hearne, 4 g"—in Cluggin, 2 q’—in Moydollan, 2 q™—in Ballinekillie, 4 qg™—in Moybillie, 2 g"—in Moyhard, 2 g”—in Abarrae, 2 g'—in Dawrosse, 2 g'.—in Ryn- villy, 5 q™—in Coyshinkillarie, 2 q"—in Clannancrewee, 1 q'—in Ballickynealie, 2 g”—in Kilkernne, 1 q'—and in Inishtrevan, 1 q'—which are the whole within that barrony, which is said to belong to Teig ne bully O'Flaherty, and Daniell Coggie’ sonnes called Owen and Moroghe O’F flahertie, cometh to the aforesaid number of 84 q". In the barrony of Rosse, there are nine towns, consistinge of 62 q™ of land, that is to say, in Ballyrosse, 4 q"—in Ballynenaght, 18 da”, gotten by the O’Flaherties from some of the Boorks, as is said, for an Ericke—in Ballykillebride, 4 q’"—in Ballyglan- trig, 4 q"—in Ballyneclobricke, 4 q"—in Ballydowlagh, 4 q"—in Dwaght, 2 q”, which is said to be the Joysce lands, bearing Signiorie as well to O’Fflahertie as to M° Thomas—in Tomsnawe, 2 g"—in Dowrusse, 1 q'—in Tirenekillie, 1 g'—in the Carricke, 1 g'—in Tomnenean, 1 q'—in Brewnan, 1 qi—in Moynteroyn and Cwy- laghe, 1 g'—in Glynglassie, 4 q"—in Carrae, 1 q'—in Fowaghe, 1 g'—in Sleive- parthrie, 4 q"—and Ballybwyan, 4 q"—which in the whole within that barrony, cometh to the aforesaid nomber of 62 q™. In the barrony of Arren there are three illands, one called Arrenmore consisting of 24 q™, and the other two consisting of 6 q™ a piece; which, in the whole, cometh to 36 q™, being the Queen’s Ma" inheri- tance.—All which being drawen into one total], cometh to the aforesaid nomber of 318 quarters. é The said Sir Moroghe O’Fflaherty, knight, Donyll Crone O’Fflaherty, compety- tor, Teige ne Bulie, Owine fitz Doniell O’Fflaherty, Moroghe O’F flaherty, Roger O’Fflaherty, Donyll M* Rory O’Fflaherty, Rory O’Fflaherty and Donyll his brother sonnes to Moroghe ne Move, M° Thomas, Mac Connor, O Halloran, M* Cahill boy M. Donoghe, M° Enry, and the rest of the gent. freeholders, & inhabitants of the said contrey, acknowledginge the manifold benefitts and easments they finde, in possesinge of 312 of their lands and goods since the peaceable government of the said Lo. Deputies an! the just dealings of S' Richard Binghame, knight, their cheite officer, as well avainet comon mallefactors and spoylers, as also agaynst the unmeasurable cesses and oppres- sions of all sorts of men of warr, heretofore layd upon them; have, inconsideracen there- of, and for that the said Right honorable the Lo. deputie duthe promise, eovenaunt and graunte to and with the said cheiftaines, gent., freeholders and nihubitants of the said Earconnaght, for and in the behalf of the Queen’s Mat", that they and every of them their heires and assignes, for their lands within the said contrey, shall, from and after the date hereof) be freelie and wholy dischardged, acquitted and exenerated fur ever, off and from all manner of cesses, taxes, chardges, exuccons, cuttings. ymposicons, purveying, cateing, findinge or bearing of soldiers, and from all other burdens what- soever, other than the rents. reservacons, and chardges hereafter in this Indenture specified, and to be enacted by parleament: willingly and thankfully for them their heirs and assignes, given and graunted, licke us they hereby doe give and graunte. to the said right Honorable the Lo. Deputy and his heirs, tu the use of the Queene’s most excellent Ma™ her heirs and successvurs for ever, one yearelie rent chardge of tenn shillinges of good and lawful current money of England, goinge out of every q' of 280 q™ of the aforesaid number of 318 ag" of land, which in the whele amounteth yearelie to the some of £140 ster, payable at the feastes of St. Michaell tharchangell and Easter, by euven porcons, the first payment to beginne at the feast of St. Mychaell tharchangell next ensuimy the date hereof) and sce yearcle for ever at the several feasts aforsaid, at her highnes’ Exchequer within the sume realin of Ireland, or to the hands of the Vice threr, or generall receaver of the same realme for the tyne beinge: and for lacke of money to be paved in the Exchequer aforesaid, the same thresunr or venerall receaver to recerve Kvne, to the value of the said rente, or so muche there- of as shall remayne unpaved, at the rate of 13. 4: ster. for everle good und lawfull beat) And if yt fortune the said rente of £140 ster. to be behind and unpaved, in parte or in all, in imanner and forme afoesaid, that yt shalbe lawrull unto the said rirht honnorable the | Deputic, or other SeVernour or wovernours of this realme for the tyme beiug. to enter and distravne in all and singular the lands, tenements and hered ytament- of the said 2830 a and the distresse taken to detay ne and keepe, tvll the said vearelte rent as atore be fullie and wholie satisfied and payd : provyded alwiaves, that if vt fortune ane parte of the quarters aforesaid, subject to this Ccom- position, to be se Waste as vt beareth mether borne or core, that the sume shall not be davd upon the rest that is inhabited. but shall be torborne both in rente and arres- radves, duringe that tyme. “And further, the persens above named, for them their heires and assigns, doe covensunt 313 covenaunt, promise & graunte to and with the said Right honnorable the Lo. Deputie and his heires, for and in the behalfe of the Queens most excellent Mat* her heires and successors, not onelye to aunswer and beare yearlie for ever, to all hostings, roods and jurneyes within the said province of Connaght and Thomond, whereas and at what tyme they shalbe thereunto comaunded, by the lo. deputie or other Governour or Governours of this realme, or by the cheif officer of the said province, fiftie good hable footemen, well armed, uppon their owne proper costs and chardges, over and besids the rent aforesaid: But also to aunswer & beare to all generall hostings pro- claymed in this realme, twenty footemen well armed and furnished with carriadge and victualls, uppen their owne proper costs and chardge, dureing the tyme of the said generall hostinges, if the lo. deputy or other governour of this realme, for the tyme being, doe require the same. “ And further yt is condiscended, concluded and agreed, as well by the said right honnorable the deputy, for and in the behalf of the Queens most excellent Ma™, as also by the said Sir Moroge, Donyll Crone, Teige ne bully, Owen Fitz Donyell, Moroghe O’Fflahertie, Roger O’Fflahertie, Donyell M*°Rorie, Rorie and Donyell, sonns to Moroghe ne Moe, M*Thomas, M°Connor, O’Hallorane, M° Cahill boy M*Donghe, M‘Enry, and the rest of the freeholders and inhabitants of the said contrey, in manner and form followeinge, viz. that the names, stilles, and titles of captayneships, taynist- ships and all other Irishe aucthorities and jurisdictions heretofore used by the O’Ffla- hertyes, together with all ellection and customarie division of land, occasioning great streeffe and contention emongest them, shall from henceforthe be utterlie abollyshed, extinct, renounsed, and put backe within the said countrey of Eyrconnaght, for ever, but that their lands and inherytants shall lynialie discend from the father to the sonn, accordinge to the course and order of the lawes of England. In consideracon whereof, and for that her Ma‘* doth moste gracouslie mynde of the benefitt and advancemement of everie good subject according to his degree, by redusinge of their uncertayne and unlawfull manner of takings from others, to a certayne and more beneficial! state of liveinge for them and their heires, then their said pretended titles or claymes did or could hitherto afforde them ; the said right Ho: the lord deputie for and in the behalfe of the Queen’s most excellent Ma", and also the aforesaid chieftaynes, gent. freeholders and inhabitants, one the behalf of themselves and the rest of the said contrey, their heires and assignes, doth covenaunt, promise, graunte and agree to and with the said Sir Moroghe ne doe, knight, otherwise called O’Ffla- herty, that for the better mayntenaunce of the degree of knighthode, whereunto yt hath pleased her Ma“ to calle him, he shall have, hold, receive and take, by letters patenttes from her Ma“ to him his heires and assignes, the castle of Aghenure, and TRISH ARCH. 80C. 15. 28 fower 314 lower q” of land with their appurtenaunces belonginge to the same, in the barreny of Moycullen, as a free demayne to his said castle, freclie exonerated and dischardged of and from this composicon; also the castle of Fowhaghe in the barruny sforsaid. and tower q” of land with their appurtenaunces, as a free demayne tu be joyned to the said castle, frevlie exonerated and dischardged of and from this cumpositiun; also the castle of Ballinneaghe, and fower q”™ of land with their appurtenaunces in the harronny of Rosse, as a free demayne to be joyned to the said castle, freelie exonerated and dischardged of and from the said composition ; and also the castle of Down kearowahie, and 3 q™ of land with their appurtenaunces in the barrony of Ballyne- hinsie, to be joyned as a free demayne to the said castell, exonerated and dischardged of and from this composition, withe the goods and chattles of persons attaynted uf fellony, that shall happ or chaunce to dwell and inhabit within the aforsaid quarters of land so to him ussigned, and all other casualties and amerciaments that shall from tyme to tyme growe within the same ; and that he and his heires and assignes shall hold ali and singular the premisses of the Queen’s most excellent Ma her heirs and successours, by knight service, that is to say by the xx" parte of a knight's fee, as of her castle or mannor of Arkine in the greate iand of Arren, with suit and service to the curte barron and lecte of the said cannor. “ And that also Teig ne bullie O'Ftlahertie aforsuid shall, for his better maynten- ance of livinge, have, receive and take by letters pattents from her Ma“ to him his heires and assignes, the castle of Ard in the barrony of Ballenchinsie, standinge on the land of Moyrus, and 6 q™ of land with the appurtenances next adjoyning to the said castle. in the townes of Moyrusse, Moynish, Fynish, and Hlamashine, as a free demayne to the same, exonerated & discharged of and trom the said composition, & of and from all other rents or demaunds of the said Sir Moroghe ne due or his heirs; and also shall have, hould, possesse and injoy to him and his heires and assignes, the castle ot Ballenchinsie, and nine other q™ of land subject to the composition, whereof he is said to be now seized as of his inheritance, in Ballenehensie, Ballivolline, Ballin- clare, Ballindowyn, und other villudges in the said barrony of Ballinehinsie, freelie acquitted and dischardged of and from all rents and demaunds of the said Sir Morogh and his heires: and that the said Téir ne bullie and his heirs shall bold all and sin- sular the premisses of her Ma" her heires and successors, by knight service, viz. by the xx" parte ofa knight's fee, as of her castle or manor of Arkyne in the great Hand of Arren aforsaid, with suite and service tu the courte barron and lete of the said mannor. And that after the decease of the said Téir ne bullie, all such rents, duties and customs as are claymed to be belonging to the name of O'Filahertie, shall in con- sideracon that the same is but extorted, be thenceforth utterlie determyned and extinet, for ever. “ And 315 “ And that also Donell Coggye’s two sonnes, called Oene and Morogh O’Flahirtie, shall, for their better mayntenaunce of livinge, have, receive and take by letters pat- tentes from her Ma“ to them their heires and assignes, the castle of Bonowne in the barrony of Ballynehinsie and six a" of land with their appurtenaunces next adjoyning to the same, in Ballyndwyn, Mannynemore, Ballycare, and Ballimongaine, as a free demayne to the said castle, exonerated and dischardged as well of and from this composition, as also of and from all other rents, duties and demaunds of the said Sir Moroghe ne doe, Teige ne bullie, and their heires; and shall also have, holde, possesse, and injoye to them their heires and assignes, tenn other quarters of land subject to this composition, whereof they are said to be now seized as their inherit- ance, in Ballynehensie, Ballymongan, Ayrdmore, Ballymollen, Dwoughan, Mannyne- begge, Ballykinnalie, Ballynclare, Lehenaghe, Crozhnett, the Killny and Fahikeraghe in the said barrony of Ballynehinsie; and that they and their heires shall hold all and singular the premisses of the Queen’s Ma™ her heires and successours, by knights service, that is to saye the xx" part of a knight’s fee, as of her said mannor or castle of Arkyne in the greate iland of Arran, with suite and service to the courte barron and lete of the said mannor. And that also Swyrveraghe Ffolane and his brother, in respect of the civill bring- ing upp of the said Swyrveraghe is sonne called Nehemias Ffolan, shall have, hold, possess, and injoy to them and to their heires and assignes, two q™ of land in Moyrusse and Leytterdohartee in the said barrony of Ballynehency, freelie exonerated and dis- chardged as well of and from this composition, as also of and from all rents and demaunds of the said Sir Moroghe and Teig ne bullie and their heires; and shall also hold the same of her Ma™ her heirs and successours by knights service, viz. by the xl" part of a knights fee, as of her said mannor or castle of Arkine, with suite and service to the courte barrone and lete of the said mannor. And that also Roger O’Flahertie of Moycullyne, for his better mayntenance of livinge, and in respect of his good and civil bringing up in Englande, shall have, receave, and take, by letters pattentes from her Ma™, to him his heires and assignes, the castle and house of Moycullen and fower g" of land with their appurtenances belonging thereunto, in the said Moycullen, and also fower other q” of land in the townes adjoininge to the same in Gnobegge, whereof he is said to be now seized as of his inheritants, freelie exonerated and discharged, for ever, of and from this composi- tion; and all other his landes in Gnobegge aforesaid, discharged of and from all the rents, duties, and demaundes of the said Sir Murrough and Teig ne bullie, and their heirs; and that he and his heirs shall hold all and singular the premisses of the Queen’s Ma™ her heirs and successours, by knight service, viz. by the xx parte of a knight’s 282 fee ry 316 fee, as of her said mannor or castle of Arkine, with suite and service to the courte barron and lete of the said mannor. ‘ And that also M“Thomas in the barrony of Rosse gent. shall have, hold, possess, aud enjoy, to him his heires and assignes, one q’ of land in Dowray freely acquitted, exonerated and dischardved as well of and from this composition, as also of and from all rents, duties, and demaunds of the said Sir Morough ne doe, or any other their heires and assignes, the same to be holden of her Ma™ her heires and successors by knizht’s service, that is to say, by the xl" parte of a knight’s fee, as of her said mannor of Arkine; and that after the decease of the said M*Thomas, all such rents, duties. and customs as are challendged to be belonginge to the name of M‘Thomas, except he can prove by lawe the same to be due be reasone of holdinge their landes of him, shail from thence be utterlie determyned and extinct, for ever. “And where there remayneth in the barrony of Rosse, 57 q™ of land subject to this composition, as the inheritance of the Joyes and other freeholders of that barrony, it is covenaunted, graunted, promised, and agreed as aforesaid, that the said Sir Moroghe ne doe and his heires, shall have to him and his heires one yearly rent chardge of 5* ster. goinge oute of every quarter of the said 57 quarters, over and besides the said composition, amountinge by the year to £14 5° ster. not chardging the porcon of the wast land uppon the inhubitted, in full recompence of all duties, cut- tings and expenses by him challendged of the said freeholders, with all the goods and chattels of persons attainted of tellony that shall hap or chaunce to dwell and inhs- bite within the said landes, and all other casualties and amercements that shall growe from tyme to tyme within the same; and that they and every of them their heires and assignes, according to his and their porcon of land, shall held the same of the said Sir Morough and his heires, by knight’s service, viz. by the xl" parte of a knight's fee, as of his castle or manner of Bally-Innyn in the barrony of Rosse aforesaid, and shall also doe suite to his courte barron and icte of his said mannor. « And where there remayneth in the barony of Maycullen, 122 q” of land subject to this composition, it is also covenaunted, granted, promised, and agreed as afuresaid, that the said Sir Moroughe shall have to him and his heirs, one yearly rentchardge of 5° ster. over and besides the said composition, goinge out of every quarter of the said 122 4", which amounteth yearly to the some of £30. 5° ster. not chardging the poroon of the wast land upon the inhabited, in full recompence of all duties, cuttings, and expenses by him challendged of the inheritors of the said quarters; and that they and everie of them, their heires and assignes, for his und their porcons, shall bold the same of the Queene’s Ma“ her heires and successors, by kuight’s service. viz. by the sl” parte 317 parte of a knight’s fee, as of her said castle or mannor of Arkyne in the greate iland of Arren, and shall doe suit to the courte barron and lete of the said mannor. “ And where there remayneth in the barony of Ballynehinsie, 69 da” subject to this composition, it is also covenaunted, graunted, promised, and agreed as aforesaid, that the said Sir Morough and his heires shall have to him and his heires one yearlie rentchardge of 5* ster. over and besides the said composition, goinge out of every g” of the said 69 q”, which amounteth yearly to the some of £17. s" ster. not chardging the porcon of the wast land uppon the inhabited, in full recompense of all duties, cuttings, and expenses by him challendged of the inheritors of the said q™; and that they and everie of them, their heires and assigns, for his and their porcons, shall hold the same of the Queene’s Mat” her heires and successors, by knight’s service, viz. by the xl” parte of a knight’s fee, as of her said castle or mannor of Arkyne in the greate iland of Arren, and shall doe suit to the courte barron and lete of the said mannor. ‘© And that also Wm. Marten of Gallway, gent. in respect of his office and service in the same, shall have, hold, possess, and enjoy, to him his heires and assignes, half a q' of land called Gortytleave, with all and singular their appurtenances belonginge to the same, freelie exonerated and dischardged of and from this composition; and shall also hold the same of her Mat” her heires and successours, by knight’s service, viz. by the xl™ part of a knight’s fee, as of her castle or mannor of Arkine, in the greate iland of Arren, and shall doe suite to the courte barron and lete of the said mannor. s And the aforesaid cheiftaynes, gent. freeholders, and inhabitants, for them and either of them their heires and assignes, have and by theis presents doe give full power, consent and assent, that this present deed indented, and every word, clause, sentence, condicon, and article therein coptayned, shalbe enroled in her Ma™ high courte of Chauncery, there to remayne of record, for ever. “IN WYTNESE whereof, to this parte of this Indenture remayninge in the cus- todie of the said Right honorable the Lo. Deputie, for and in the behalfe of the Queen’s most excellent Ma™ her heires and successors, the said cheiftaynes, gent. freeholders, ffermours, and the rest above named, have hereunto put their seales and subscribed their names, the second of September, anno Domini 1585, and in the xxvii™ yeare of the reyng of our Soveraigne lady Elizabeth, by the grace of God Queene ~f England, Fraunce and Irelande, defender of the fayth, &c. Provyded that anie thing conteyned in this Indenture, shall not extend to prejudice anie manne’s right or title to any lands contayned in the same. “ SR. MoRROGH NE DO O’FFLAHERTIE SERVREAGH O'FoLAN. his + mark. ANTHONY LINCHE FITZ- THOMAS. Dominick BROWNE. WILLiaM MartTYne.” II. 318 II. é Many O’Kelle’s Country.” “ THIS INDENTURE made betwixte the Right Honorable Sir John Perrotte knt. lord Deputie generall of Irclande, for and on the behaulfe of the Queene’s most excellent Majestic, of the one parte, and the lords spiritual and temporall, cheiftaines gent. ffrecholders, fermors, and inhabyttants having lands or holdings in IMANY, called the OKELLIES COUNTRY, on both sydes of the river of Suck in the pro- vince of Connaught: that is to say, the reverend father in God William, archbishop of Twemme—Stephen, byshopp of Clonterte—John, byshope of Elphine—and Edmond, deane of Klonknoyse—Ullicke, erle of Clanrickurd—Hugh O Kelly of Lissecallone, otherwise called O’Kelly—Teige M* William O'Kelly of Mullaghmore, and Connor oge O’ Kelly of Killiane, compettitors for the name of tanestshipe of O’Kelly—Connor ne Garroge ©’ Kelly of Gallaghe —Shane ne moy O'Kelly of the Criaghe, gen.— William O’Mannyne of Mynloghe, otherwise called O’Mannine—Morrartaghe O’Concannon of Killtullaghe, otherwise called O’Concannon—Shane O’Naghten of Moynure, other wise called O'Naghten—Edmond M*Keoghe of Awenaghe, otherwise called Mae Keoghe—Donogh O'Murry of Ballymurry, otherwise called O’Murrye—Couoghe O’Falloue of the Milltowne, otherwise called O° Fallone—Teige M' Owen of Gallee, otherwise called MA Edmond—Collo M*Connore of the same, gen.—Ferdorraghe M- William Carragh of the same—Connor Mac Gerraght, otherwise called M* Gir raghte—Edmond wony O'Concannone of Cawlre, freeholder—Sir Thomas Lestrange of Athleazue, knt.—Thomas Dillone of Curraghboy, esquire—John Crofton of Bally- murry, gen.—Nathaniel Suuth of Dromolgagh, gen.—Fraunces Shane of Bvallagare, gen.— Edward Mostine of the Graunge, gen.—Robert Johnsone of the Garbally, gen— Richard Bectaghe of the Cresze, gen.—John Burke of the Turrocke, gen.— William Mostune of the Downe, gen—Johu Moore of Cloncebegnett, and Richard Dogherty of Ratharrowe, gen.—Fimes Claye of Kyncklare, gen.—Robert Semper of Newcastell, gen.—George Goodeman and Miles Cavanazhe, tfermores of S' Johns Jerusalem— Sir Henry Wallope Knight, ffermor of S‘ Peters of Athlone—Dominick Lynch of Galway, fermor of the abbey of Cnockmoy—and Ullick Derry Linch of Gurrandar- raghie, frecholder, of the other puirte. “ WYTNESSETH, that wheare the said country or territorie of Imanay, called the O*Rellie’s Country, is devided inte tvve principal! barunies, that is tu wytt, Athlone, Kileonnell, Teaquine, Killyane, and Moyearnane, which contains, as well by auneient devysion, as by late Inquistion, 6654 a" of lands, everiv q! containing 120 acres.— FIRSTE, in the barrony of Athlone, there is a quantity of lund known by the name 319 name of O’Murrey, and Mac Edmond’s eraght (o1gpeaco, inheritance) called the Heyney, 46 g"”—Mac Keogh’s eraght called Moyfinn, 55 q*—O’Ffallone’s eraght called Clonedaghe, 47 q*—Eraght Hugh, called Toahaleage (cuat, country) 154 g”—Eraght M*Gerraght, 33 q"—-O’Noghten’s eraght called the Ffaas, 35 q"—the Slaightines, being dispersed within the former eraghts, 16 q™; which in the whole cometh to 2874 q™. In the barrony of Kilconnelle there is a quantity of land called Eraght Carbry, 26 q"—Toachalla, 30 q"—Toahbreny, 26 ga", whereof belongeth to the earl of Ormond 24 q"—Pobble-Keowghe, 294 q™; which in the whole cometh to 107 q™. Inthe barony of Teaquin there is a quantity of land called Eraght O’Manyne, 24 q"—Killyboggy, 21 q"—Eraght I. Dermoda, 23 q"—Sleigt Teighe M* Donoghe, 33 q"—Teagh ne palice 15 g”—in Killosallane, 4 4”, which is conveied over by state of inheritance to the aforesaid Thomas Dillon of Curraghboy—also Corcomoy, 24.4”; which in the whole of that barony cometh to 140 q”. In the barrony of Killian there is a quantity of land called Aghyarte, 12 q"—Sleight Teige O’Kelly, 8 q’™—Eraght Dermott, 8 q*—The Slewe 12 q™; which in the whole of that barony cometh to 40 q™. In the barony of Moy-carnane there is a quantity of land called Clonmacknoyne, otherwise Shane ne Moye’s country, on both sides of the Succe, 89 q™; which in the whole of that barrony cometh to 89 q*.—All which being drawn into one totall, cometh to the aforesaid number of 6654 quarters. é The aforesaid lords, chieftaines, &c. graunt to her Ma™ the Queene, a penny and one third of a penny out of every acre of the aforesaid 6654 q™, which amounteth in every year to 665 marks sterling; and for lack of money to be paid, the Treasurer or general receiver shall receive kine to the value of the said rent, or so much thereof as shall remaine unpaid, at the rate of 13" 4” for every good and lauful beofe, or as kine shall be worthe and solde in the markett of Athlone, the tyme of payment. é The said lords, chieftayns, &c. acknowledging the manifold benefitts and easments they finde, &c. doe covenant to aunswere and beare, yearlie for ever, 30 good hable horse- men and 220 footmen well armed, to all hostings, roods and jurneyes within Connaught and Thomond; and 10 good hable horsemen, and 40 footmen well armed and furnished with arms, garrans and victuals, to all generall hostings proclaymed in this realme. And they shall further bear, yield and pay yearly, 300 sufficient labourers with their tooles and victuals, to work 4 daies every year where the chiefe officer or commis- sioner of the said province shall assigne. And that the sleight of the Naghtenes shall answeare and beare the accustomed duties and service, to her Majestie’s house of Athlone. “ It is agreed by the lord Deputy, on behalf of the Queene, and the said Hugh O'Kelly, otherwise called O’Kelly, Teige and Connor O'Kelly, compettitors for the name and tanestshippe of O’Kellie, and others of the Irishry above named, that the captaineshippe 320 captaineshippe & tanistshippe of the said country, called the O’Kellic’s cuntry, which hath been hertofore used by the said O’Kellies, & all culleecon and Irish customary devision of lands used amongst them, shall from henceforthe be utterlye abolished. extinct, renounced, and put backe within the said country, for ever.—In_ respert whereof, and for that her Majesty doth graciously meane the maintaininge of such of the Irishry as willingly submitt, the lord Deputy doth, for the Queen, covenant and promise that the said Hughe O’Kelly, otherwise called O’Kelly, shall have and take by letters patent, the 4 quarters of land, now in his possession, in Eraght O*Murry in M® Edmond’s country in the barony of Athlone, viz. Lisenuske, Ferrenbreaghe, Lyssdallon and Moydowe, with the moyety of all the goods of felons, &“. within the same; to be holden by knight’s service: And, for further augmentacon of his living, that he shall have, during his naturall life, £56 19s. 6d. out of the several lands fol- lowing, viz. upon the eraght of O?Murray and M“ Edmond, one á q’ of Killeaghe, 4 q' of Corragarowe, $ q’ of Carrowmader, Ferrenbreagye, Shanbally M® Connor, Muyly- terraghe, Lisseneponre, Killenreoghe, Fyermore, the eraght called Aleage, also Sleight Gillebert, and eraght Mac Hughe, the a' of Cloghane, Kewne, Funshenaghe, Clunioe- taghe, eraght M° Hughe 19 q™, the craght called Clonedaghe, the q’ of Nilchele, Ardnecolenan, Carowkewle, Gortenduffe, Kilvane, the q' of Turrock, in eraght Nf Gerazht, the g' of Aghgowre, Bunnynibber, Aghgadd. Clynlergine, the eraght called the Feaivs, the cartron of Tibraghane, Killaghane, a cartron of Carghen, Carrunewre, Carronderry, Moyvennan, Carronlazhane, Carronloghe, the 4 g' of Carronkewen, Drineka, Clonark, Clongawnaghe, Shanvally-nanty, in the eraght called Moyfinne, the cartron of Carrowmore, Derndoly, the 4 quarter of Tawnaghe, Knocke-Cowle-ne Caldry, Carrige, Ardmolane, Cornegewre, Dondonyll, in the barony of Movcarnaa, upon the whole country ealled Cloynvieknoyne, upon the eraght called the Slewe, in the eraght of Toavreny, the eraght of Aghoarte, and Crohone Sleight Teige O'Kelly, upon the g' of Bealladryne, the gq’ called) Moyvameon, Corregarrowe, Clondalye, Carrownezapple, Crezane, Carrowganvy, Carrownefrevy, Carrow-blenglasse, Carrow- morekillyane, the (I of Moynterdony, Moyrushe, Ballynecorre, Clonkure, Engl vee, upon the eraght called Toecallae, the at of Lysscdoulane, the q’ of Carrowmenagh, Lisknedane, Barneboy, Loghanebreane, Carrownenagh, and in the barony uf Teaquine, upon the septs of OTManyvne & O'Concanon, and the septs of the archbishope, which in the whole cometh to the sum of £56 19x. Ged, © That the said Teizge MS William O* Kelly shall have by letters patentts, soe many qn of land as he is now justly seized of, in the barronies of Teaquine & Kilconnell, that is to say, the q" of Mullashmore. the gq! of Furreuefuhve, the q" of Cornegal- laghe, the q’ of Currownesire, and the q’ of Currowneboe. That the said Connor oge , 321 oge O'Kelly shall have the four q™ of land in and about the town of Killian; to hold by knights service. Upon this condition, that the said Hughe, Teige, and Connor oge and their heirs, shall henceforth behave themselves like good subjects; shall put no ymposition or chardge upon the inhabytors of the said lands; shall be obedyent to the Queen’s laws; shall not maintain or succour any of her enemies; and shall bring uppe their children after the Englishe fashions, and in the use of the Englyshe tounge; and that after the decease of the said Hughe O’Kelly, otherwise called O’Kelly, the lands aforesaid be discharged of the aforesaid rents. IN WYTNESSE whereof, the aforesaid lords, chieftains, &. have hereunto put their seales and subscribed their names, the sixth day of August, Anno Domini 1585. “& W. Tuamen.—S. CLONFERTEN.—JOH. ELPHINE.—O’KELLY.—ConNoR Oce.—Con M“ Garet.—M* Corre.—DonocGue O’Miorry.—O’N agg- TINE.—THOM. LE STRANGE.—THOM. DILLONE.—JOHN CroFTon.— Francis SHANE.——ROB”. JoHNsoN.—JOHN BirteE.—W™. Mostin.— MILEs CAVANAGHE.—JOHN Norris.—NEHEMIAS CLAYE.—RICHARD Donorte.—Ros’. SEMPER. ““ J. PERROT. “é Althoghe by this within written Indenture of Composition with the O’Kellies cuntry, they are charged to her Majesty after the rate of 138. 4d. sterling upon every quarter of land, yet, forasmuche as they were the first that yealded to that Composi- tion in that province, and thereby occasioned others to do the lyke, and that also the rest of the whole province of Connaught doth beare by their Composition but 1os. sterling a quarter, having in some places farre better londe then the O’Kellies hath, and not borne heretofore soe greate a burden as they have done, I the Lo. Deputie think it very reasonable, and therefore doe covenant and agree, that the said O’Kellies country shall beare but as the rest of the said province doth, (that is to saye) Iom. sterling upon every quarter of lande chardgeable to Her Majesty, and soe to continue until her Majesties pleasure be knowne. ‘J. PERRorT.” III. “0” Madden’s Country. “THIS INDENTURE made betwixte the Right Honorable Sir John Perrotte kn*. lord Deputy, &c. of the one parte, and Stephen bishop of Clonfert—Donyll O’Madden of Longford, otherwise called O’Madden—Owen Balluff O’Madden of Lus- magh, gen.—Cogh O’Madden of Killyan, gen.—Edmond M* Downy of Rathmore, gen. —Donyll M° Brasill of Dryowen, gen.—Cathall Carragh O’Madden of...... gen.— IRISH ARCH. 80C. I5. 2T and 322 and other the freeholders and inhabitants, having lands or holdings within the barvny of Longford, otherwise called SYLLANMUIGHIE in the county of Galway, of the other parte. “WHEARE the said barony of Longforde contayneth in itself, as well by ancient division as by late Inquisition, 233 quarters of lande, everie quarter containing 120 acres. FIRSTE there is a quantity of land called Lusmoghe, 20 g”—also the manor of Millicke. 4 i”, belonging to the Queen—Lysmofadda, 3 q"—the parish of Borrish, 7 q"—Knockmoey darregge, 41 y™. whereof 7 q™ as is said belong to her Majesty in right of the abbey of Clonfert, and 5 q™ as is said bearcth chiefry to the bisboprick of Clonfert—also Kilmacoaskeagh, 12 q?—also Annaghe Carroll, a q"—the parish of Moynterunan, 7 q—Kenaghan, Lessinmore and Ballinekille, 5 q"—Glaster, 2 q"— Cloughenock Inisherke, 1 q'’—Clonfertt, 2 a”, which belongeth to the bishoprick of the same—also there is a quantity of land called Magher in Erllae, ao g"—Tuhe Kil- lemoy, 9} y"—Tirran, 4 q"—Portomna, 6 q°—Tohe M° Moroghe, 10 q”—Sleight Collow, 9 a“— Tohe Bollowe, 14 q"'—Tohe Raherrill, IO 4. whereof as is said i q’ heareth chiefry to the bishoprick of Clontert—Boylosky, 9 q"—Aghavaghan, 5 g"— Gort O’Madden, a q"—the Sonagh, 2 q"™—the Lorggie and Cappaghe-naghten, 2 q™—Corbually, 4 q™— Benigher, 4 q'—Ballybagge, 1 q'—Ballynebrannaghe, 1 q'—Killeran, 4 q"—Clonlaghan, 1 qg'—Balleneclanty, 4 q"—Kaulltormer, 1 q'—the Moy, 4 q"—Leyssyreaghan, 2 q*— Oghill bege, 1 gq’ — Aneghcallowe, 1 q’—Toll M° Sallagh, i qg’—Rahen and Killdolisk, 1 g'—Clonemaskrye, 1 q’—Clonowlise, 4 a q’—Clare, 1 y’—Ballemaghen, 1 q'—Androguwle, 2 q”"—Clonfeaghan, 1 q'— Feabegee, 1 qgi—all within the said barony ; and all which being drawn into one total cometh to the aforesaid number of 233 quarters, * The aforesaid lords and chicttains, acknowledging the manifold benefitts and easements they finde, doe covenant to aunswere and beare 4 good horsemen and 12 footmen, well armed with carriage and victualls, to all hostings, roods and journies within Connaught and Thomond ; and 2 good hable horsemen and 6 footmen well armed, to all generall hostings proclaymed in this realme. “Tt is agreed by the said Jord deputy that the said Donell O*Madden, for his better mayntenauce of lyvinge, shall have and take by letters patent, 8 quarters of land as a demeusne to his castells of Longford and Clonteaghan, free; to be held as of the Queen’s manor of Mylicke by knight?» service; and also $a. ster. out of every quarter of 1487 q™ of lunde, in recompense of all rents, duties, spendings and demands claimed by the said O'Madden, of the trechulders of the said ad. ". That the lord bishop of Clonfert shall have 6 J- tree us a demayne to his house and manor of Clontert. “Tha 323 “That Owen O’Madden shall have 4 q™ free adjoining his house of Cloghan; and also 22 q™ subject to this composition, whereof he is said to be seized, as of his inheritance in Lusmagh. “That the earle of Clanrickard shall have the castle or manor of Portumny and 44” free, whereof he is said to be now saized as of his inheritance, fully discharged of all rents and demands of O’Madden. IN WITNESSE whereof the said Lords, Chieftains, &., have hereunto put their seals, and subscribed their names, the second day of September, Anno Domini 158s. “STEPHEN CLONFERT.—OwWIN O’MADDEN’s marke.—Epmp. Mac Downry’s marke. — DonnELL Mac BrassaLl’s marke.—CaHALL CARRAGH’S marke.—JNo. Bour KE.” IV. “ That Part of Connaught called Clanrickard.” “THIS INDENTURE made betwixte the Right Honor™ Sir John Perrott, &. of the one partye; and Ulick earl of Clanrickarde—the rev. father in God William arch- bishop of Toeme—Stephen byshop of Clonferte—Thomas electe byshop of Kilmac- kaghe—The lord barron of Leitryme—Rickard Bourke of Derry M° Laghny, es- quire—Sherone M*° Khowge of Killenedyaine, otherwise M° Kowge—Ullick Car- raghe M* Hubbert of the Dissharte, otherwise called M* Hubberte—Hubbert M" Edmund of Gortnemackin, gen.—Robert Johnesone of Binmore, gen.— William Mostonne of the Downe, gen.—Shannock M° William Roe of the Naile, otherwise called Mac William Roe—Walter Wall of Droghtye, chiefe of his name—Redmond Dolphine of Rarroddy, chiefe of his name—Hugh M* Swine of Cloghervanae—Oene M* Swine of Kiltullage, gen.—Oene Mantagh O’Heine of Downgorye, otherwise called O’Heine—Connor Crone O’Heine, taneste to the said O’Heine—Hubbert boy Bourk M* Redmond, otherwise called M* Edmond—Dermod O’Shaghnes of Gort- ynchgory — Johne O’Shaghnes of Ardmollyvan, compettytors for the name of O’Shaghnes—Nehemias Follane of the Newtone, gen.—Edmond M* Ullick Bourke of Ballily, gen.—Rickard M* William of Rahale, gen.—Shane oge Bourke of Man- nyne, gen.—and Brien reoghe M“ Killkelly of Cloghballymore, gen.—of the other parte. WYTNESSETH that wheare the whole country or territory of CLANRICKARD is divyded into six principall baronies, that is to wytt, Loughreaghe, Killetaraghe, Clare, Donkillin, Athenry, and Leitryme, which contain, as well by auncient devy- sion as by late Inquisicon, 958 quarters of lande, everie quarter 120 acres:—FIRSTE, in the baronye of Loughreaghe there is a quantity of land called Pobbill Clan-Henry 2T 2 of 324 of the East, 28 q"—Ballinekilly, g q"—Ballyneereggy, 2 q"—Raleine and Carrow- hegge-Conoghor, 8 q"——Ballwikearazhe, 4 q"—Graghewylle, 12 q”"—Ballinegar- rane, 4 g”—Pubhell Ms Hubert, 12 q™— Pubbill Moyntirffachie, 7 q"—— Eraghe M° Cowge, 17 g"—Ballingarry, 3 qg"™—The septe of Davie Roae his land, otherwise called Roae, 7 g"— Killearvanane, 2 qg™— The Beslane, 4 ad”, belonging ww her Mat’, as is said, in right of the nunry of Kilerenadie — the mannor of Loughreghe. 12 q™ adjoininge to the house, und in the parke, 4 q"—Brownestoune, 1 g'—Lis- moyle, 2 q"—Rayradac, 2 q’—Carowemore, 1 q'—Cahairegealle, 1 q’—Bealane howly, 1 q’—and Downsander, 2 q?—Buallyheine, 2 g"—Cahairenemuck, 1 q’—all which in the whole within that barony cometh to 154 quarters. In the barony of Kiltarraghe there is a quantitye of land called Eraght Redmond, 27 q"—Ballylias- brayne, 4 q"— Ball yeahalayne, 24)" [ curious other quarters enumerated |, Rillowveraghe. otherwise called O' Heine's lands, 16 g''—all Keynnaley alias Sheaghnes countrie, 1¢t q™—also Termon Kill M' Kuogh, 6 q™—and several ag” belonging to the See of Kill- macoughe, &e., all which cometh to 185 quarters. In the barrony of Clare there is a quantity of land called the half cowrine [compomn, dicision, share], of Corrovfynne. 18 qg'—the half cowryne of Bealanae, 18 g™ — the half cowrine of Aghrime 18 g"— Twoyeghellae, 17h qu— Leckaghebegge, 3 q™—Twoy-Castell-Crevie, 17 q” — the land of William M' Thomas his sept, 17 g"——Moynter M° Hue, 31 g"— The land of Shane bwyes sept of Castell Mo Hackett, 34 q™"—the Lanele’s lands, 14 q”"—the lands of Edimond M* Redmond’s sept, 14 q"—the lands of old Walter M' Redmonds sept, IO q™—the lands of William Granae M* Ramon’s sept, 14 q"— Killm’ reamon, 12 q"—the Beahaghe, 4 q°—Rillnemannaghe, 2 q*’—Prowtestowne,2 q"—the mar nor of Clare, 14 q"-—Fairaghe, 4 q"—Derry M' laghnie, 4 q"™—the lands of Moyn- terheine of Balliheviyve, 4 q’—which in the whole cometh to 287 q"3 several of whieh q® belong to her Majestie. In the barony of Donkillane there is a quantity of land called Ayte Corewally, 18 q*—Aytevallyline, 14 q"—Ayte Ballym’ Crahie, 8 g"— Kenalyory, 18 q™—Rahin, 2 q"—Ardrahen, 1 q'— Raivane, 2 q"—Killile, 3 q"——-Re- hanlone, á q'—Srue, 2 q"—Sheanganoughe, 1 q'—Killeolyane, 7 q?—Kinvarae, 1 g'— Drommikowe of Oilineady, 3 q*— Donkelline, 3 qh —.Ayte AM: William Dwoyne, 18 q°—Killogilline, 4 q!—Clonisky, § qg'—aAvte Sleicht M' Tibbot, to y"—-UOran begge, Liseineknave, 4 q’—Ronevile, 2 a“—Erieny, $4"—Cowlrae, 2 q”—Mearyemore, 3 g” —Mearyelugee, 2 q?— Ballinemannaghe, 1 y'—Derrydonill, a q™—Ayte-Clan-Moyler alias Crane more, 424 q?—Kildromderrigy, 13 q%—Roseame, 1 qe — Lidyegane, 1 4'—Cloghearneshamone, a q’—Twelery. 1 qy'—Rackoskrae, 24 q"—Leavalirva, 2 qh —Cahirmoyter, I J— Rearowe Sheoin, 1 q'—Yulaghe 4 «|"—Ballymarishall, 1y’—whieh in the whele in that barony cometh to 176 quarters, In the barony of Athenry 325 Athenry there is a quantity of land called Eraght Dolphine, 27 q*—-Magheryfal- taghe otherwise called Magheryaltaghe, 24 q"—Carnan, 2 q™—which in the whole in that barony cometh to 53 quarters. In the barony of Leitrim there is a quantity of land called Twey Kynallyhine, and Ayt Clan-Shane, 12 q*—Ayte Clan-Edmond, 12 q™—Ayte Clan-Davie, 9 q™—Crannagh M° Knavin, 4 q"—Leyhayt M° Edmond, 6 q’—Dronkeary, 4 q"—Tullagh, 2 q*—Pobbell-ne-hally, 12 g"—the castell of Leotrime, 7 q™*—Cloncaslane, 2 q”—Clondagawe, 4 q™"—Killmuckray, 1 q'—Tin- naghe, 2 q™*—Annaghebrid, 1 q’—Balledowgane, 2 q"— Ballynekilly, 2 q™—Kill- cowly, 2 q"—Bealananen and Bealafenton, 4 q"—Ballynleylys, 1 q'—Dowry, 2 a" —Carrowcroyne, 1 q'—Carrawowny, I g'— Killineane, 2 q™ — Sheangorry-ne- Mylodaghe, 1 q’—Shanvoy, 4 q"—Ballenronan and Clonrashe, 2 q*™—which in the whole in that barony cometh to 103 quarters; and all which being drawn into one totall cometh to the aforesaid number of 958 quarters. é The said chieftains, lords, &c. do covenant to aunsweare and beare 40 good hable horsemen & 200 footmen, well armed with carriage and victualls, to all hostings, roods and journeyes within Connaught and Thomond; and 20 good hable horsemen and 50 footemen well armed and furnished with arms, garrans, and victuals, to all generall hostings proclaymed in this realme. “It is agreed by the lord deputy, on behaulfe of the Queene, that the earl of Clanrickard shall have 34 q™ in the barony of Loughreagh free, as a demeane to his manor of Loughreagh. There belonge to the heires of Sir Dorby O Shaghnes, knight, 101 q” in the barony of Kiltarraghe; and to Nehemias Ffolane 2 q™ adjoining to the Newtowne.—That the s* earl shall have 10° ster. out of every q’ of 64 q™ within that barony. In the barony of Clare there are 287 q™, whereof belong to the queen in right of Abbey-land 41 q™; and by the attainder of Tybbott Bourke 5 g"& there belong to the archbishop of Tweame, 21q™. That Rickard Bourke of Derryma- claghny shall have 22 q™, whereof he is now seized as of his inheritance. The manor of Clare are 7 q™ of land in the possession of Dominick Browne of Gallway, alderman, and James Darcy has 3 q” in the towns of Collene, Cloncrye and Carrow-I-Cullan. That the said earl shall have 14 q™ free in the lordship of Clare, as a demesne to his house of Corryfinne; and a rentcharge of 3" out of every other q’ of the residue. “é In the barony of Donkellyn there are four q” in Oranmore, in possession of Dominick Browne of Galway, merchant. William Martine of Galway gent. has 2 g" adjoyning to the town of Cahirforvace. That the said earl of Clanrickard shall] enjoy 28 q™ free as a demeane to his castell of Kilcolgan; and have 13° 4“ out of every q’ of 33 q™ in the barony of Athenry. "“ That 326 é That the baron of Leitrim and his heirs shall have ro q™ free, and 13° 4° oute of every other q’ in the barony of Leitrim, the Queen’s and Churchlands excepted. “ That the archbishop of Tweame, and the bishop of Kill M*Keogh shal] have several q”™ all particularly named, free. “That Rickard Bourke shall have 8 q™ free, adjoyning his house of Derry M* laghnie and Ballinderry. That the heirs of Sir Dorby O’Shoghnes shall have 8 q™ free, adjoining the manor house of Gortynchygorye. “That William Martene, in consideration of his services diversly done tw the state, shall have a g” in Cahirforvase in the barony of Donkellyne, free. é That Nehemias Follainc, in respect of his travaile and pains taken for her Majesty, in the search of the quantity of land within the said Clanrickard, shall have 2 4” in the Newtowne in the barony of Kiltaraghe, free. * That Dominick Browne, in respect of the like, shall have 2 q™ free adjoining to the castle of Lyedegane and Cuhirforvace, in the barony of Donkellyne, free. * That James Darcy, for the like consideration, shall have the three q” before named in the barony of Clare free. “ And for as much as divers of the meane freehoulders of the said territore of Clanrickard, and the tenants dwellinge upon their lands, are and shall be greatlie burdened by this composition, if the petty lords and captaines next above them be allowed to take such rentes & customarye dutyes, as they pretend to belong to them; fur remedy whereof it is condescended, concluded and agreed, that the above named Mc Kowehe, M* Hubert, M* Wilham roe, the Ffealtaghe Dolphinaghe, O’Heine, M' Redinond, M*Cremon, and all others of that sort uf petty lords or captaines, shall have, ll, Ise, and enjoy all their castles and lands, to descend from ech of them te there heirs hy course and order of the laws of England; and after the decease of ever af them, now livinge, the aforesaid rents, duties, and all exaccons shall, from theneetorth be útterlie determyned and extinguished tor ever. IN WITNESSE whereof the sand bid, chieftains, &e. have hereunto put their seales and subscribed their names the second day of September, Anno Domini, 1585. w CLANRICARDE.—S. CLONFERT.—THo. Deacex.—Wituiam Mosrax— Riceuakp Bourke.—llu. M° Swine.—Repyvoxp Do.cputnge.— Owgs mantacH O° HEINE.—NEHEMIAS FOLLANE.—TirgLaca O’Heicnn— Jaurs Dorcre” V. 327 Vv. “ Mac Davye’s Countreye.”’ “ THIS INDENTURE made betwixt the Right Honorable Sir John Perrotte Knt. lord Deputy, &*. of the one parte, and William Archbishop of Tweame—Sir Hubert Bourke M* Davie of Glenske, knight—Davie M* Edmond of Kilcroan, gen.— Thomas M*Henrie of Ballymo, gen.— Richard Betaghe of the Cregg, gen.—Hobbert bwy M* Edmond of the Moate, gen.—Shane M° Ullicke Bourke of Rahenille, otherwise called M* Walter, chiefe of his name—Shane M" Ullicke of Killmogher, gen.—and others the freeholders and inhabitants having lands or holdings within the barony of BELLAMOE, and M° DAVIE’S COUNTRY, by east the river of Succke in the countie of Roscommon, of the other parte". WYTNESSETHE, that whereas the said baronie of Bellamo, and the lands by east the river of Suck, conteyneth, as well by ancient division as by late Inquisition, 212% q™ each containing 120 acres.—FIRSTE in the barronie of Bellamo there is a quantity of land called Loghlaunge, 8 q"—Clafaghne, 1 q’—Cloncae, 4 q’—Rosemo- lan, 1 q'—Ballyne, 24 q™; all which are belonging and adjoining to M* Davie’s howse or manor of Glinske—also Ballynekillie, 4 g', belonginge to the bishoprick of E]- phine—Cloncomyske, 4 q"—Tonreggie, 4 q"—Cornemucklaghe, Tossecreggan and Gyleaghe, 8 g”, whereof 4 a q’ lyeth by east the ryver of Succke,—Dengenterragh, 4 q"—Dromenehea, 24} q"—Garrowghe, 4 q™, whereof 1 q’ lyeth on the east side of the Succke—Downoman, 4 q”, whereof 2 q™ lyeth on the same east side of the said ® Two Indentures of Composition appear to have been entered into for Mac Davy’scountry. The se- cond Indenture is that given above. The first was entered into on 4th Sept., 1585, and in it the en- tire territory is stated to contain only 192 ga", viz. ‘¢ There is in the said barrony of Bellamo a quantity of land called Tohe-Killebeggenet, 18 q'—Tohe- rioghe, 15 q™*—Fferrynlynode, 4 q™—Tohetogher, 39 q™, viz. Sleight Shane garaf, and Sleight Ty- bete, 2 q'*—in the towne of Urriegher, 4 q™—Lis- drissaghan, 2 q™—Kearoweneny, 1 q'—Kearowe- roo, 1 q'—in Letully, 2 q*—in Tylbegge, 2 qhr— in Tome-Croymer, 2 q—in Kearowderry, 1 g'—in Derrymoy, 2 q™—in Bonedober, 2g''—in the Shrede, 1 a'—in Ardclone, 1 g'—in Curraghebay, 4 q'—in Cortdrissy, 4 q'—in Liskea, 1 q'—in Kill- nelag, 1 q'—in Kearoweroney Mc. Rist, 1 q’—in Croghill, 1 g'—also in Glinske and Donemayne, 8 q'*—also Tohe Mc Walter, 274 q"*—in Boker- ran and Lisborly, 2 q'*—which, in the whole, with- in that barony of Bellamo cometh to 118 q'*.—Also th re is a quantity of lande by easte the Sucke, in Magher Connaght, within the countie of Roscom- mon, belonging to Mc Davy, and his kinsmen, con- sistinge of 85 q‘*.” Sir Hubert Bourke Mc Davie, afterwards ‘‘came in,” and made discovery of the concealed lands, which occasioned the second inden- ture of composition given above; in which his ‘' in- dustrie and dilligente search” appear to have been amply rewarded. ' 328 said river—also Cornveagh-Shonen, 4 q’—Farrontynod, 5 g"— There are also in Toatogher within the said barrony, theis parcells of land following, viz. Killveg. 2 q"— Tomeghroyne, 2 q™—Lyederry, 2 q'—Derrymod, 2 q*—Mondobber, 2 q”—Car- rowderre, 1 q'—Carroweroe,, 1 q'—Ardclone, 4 q’ —Killylegge, 1 q’—Nyeny. 1 g'— Croehill, 1 q’—Carrowroe-ne-Dowclonaghe, 1 q'—Lyssedryssaghan, 2 q"—Dregher 4 q"—Castelreoghe, 14 q"—Kylmore, 1 q’—Kylmoghure, 1 q’—Laghill and Cran- tage, I q'—Carrowreoghe. 1 q’—Rysseruse, 1 q'—Kilmore-dromly, 4 qr.—Curragh- netumyd, I q'—Calleriegh, 1 q’'—Carrownvallie, 1 q’—Clonaghgarrowe and Gortnowe, It q'—Gortnegier and Clondowill, 1 g': also in Toa M* Walter within the said barony. there are theis parcells of land following, viz. Attymeghan, 4 q"—Cladagh, 1 g'— Leavally, 14 q'—Moylisse, 14 q’'—Carroweroe and Downbreane, 14 q'—Kilberran, 1 q'—Killevoher, 1 q'—Kinclaremore, 1 q'—Rissenuske, 1 g'—the Parck, 1 g'— Lynelaghe and Tweamarde, 1 4q'—Cappanaghe, 1 q'—Cloncon and Killteakle, 1 g'— allso Bullyneuleskaghe, 4 q"— Isxkerrigan and Tobberneclogge, 1 q'—Clonmore and Gurtyne, 1 q'—Clonmarkan and Lamnro, 4 q'—Lomanaghe and Clonagh, 1 g'— Loghiuelan and Trilie, 1 qg'—Bokerran and Lisburlie, 2 da”, belonging to the arch- bishoprick of Tweame—Killmurry, $ q’ belonging to the same, which in the whole within that barronie cometh to the number of 129 a". “ In M* Davie’s country, by east the river of Sucke, there is a quantity of land called Awflare, 4 q*—Farrer, 4 q’—Skehenegan, 4 q"—Kiltultoge. 4 q"—Ballyaa- kerell, 4 q"—Ardlaghen, 4 q"—Rackinylie, 2 q"—Carrowedutfe, 1 4y'—Lysselan- sheghane, I q-—Ballynowe, 4 q"—Crive, 3 a"— Runebackan, 1 q'— Rameue. 4 g”— Curresdowne, 2 q"—Killenredd, 2 q"—Carvally, 4 q"— Akagher, 4 g”— Dundermod, 4 y'—Clongalgan, 4 q"—Balleferran, 4 q"—Ballevergan, 4 q™—Ballegoll, 4 qr— Ballvturle, 2 q"™—Yimlaghvegge, 1 q'—Imlaghnegrie, 1 q'—Woram alias Warham, 44”. belonging to the archbishop of Tweame—Clenycormocan, 4 4", whereof ag" belongeth to her Majesty in right of the abbey of Roscommon—Ymlaghmore, 2 a" belonging to her Majesty in right of said abbey— Runemoute. 1 q'— Dromtample, 1 q’—Leamore, 4.q™ And so the whole, within that part of M' Davie’s country by east the river Suck in the countrey of Roscommon, cometh to the nomber of 883 ga". * The said lords, chieftaines, gentlemen, frecholders, and the rest of the inhabé- tants, as well of the said barony of Ballamoe as MM Davie’s countrey, by east the river of Suck aforesaid, acknowledginge the manifold benefits and easements they finde, & doe covenant to aunswere & beare, yearlie for ever, 3 good hable horsemen and 8 foot- men well armed to all hostings, ros and jurneyes within Connaught and Thomond; and 2 good hable horsemen and 4 footmen well armed to all generall hostings pro- claymed in this realime. & It 329 “It is agreed by the lord deputy, on behalfe of the Queen, that the said Sir Hubert Burke M* Davy, knt. for the better supportacon and maintenance of the dig- nity of knighthood, whereunto it hath pleased her Majesty to call him, and in respect that by his industrie and dilligente search, there are a great number of quarters of land found out by presentment, which was like to be concealed; shall have, hold, possess, and enjoy to him and his heirs, not only such castles and lands as he doth now possess by the name and callinge of Mac Davye, but also such as he is now justlie seized of as of his proper inheritance, which are said to be in the whole the number of 104 q™, whereof he shall hold 244 q™ as a demayne next adjoining to his castles of Glinske and Downamore, and to such other of his howses as he shall make choice of, free; and that he shall hold by knight’s service, viz. by one knights fee, as of the manor or house of Athlone; and shall have chief rents out of the said other q™ in full recompence of all duties, exactions and customary spendings, by him claymed upon the freeholders of the same. “That Shane M* Ullicke Bourke, otherwise called Mac Walter, shall have 5 g” free, as a demayne next adjoyninge his howse or castle of Renaltaghe, in the baronie of Bellamoe. “That Shane M* Ullicke of Kymogher shall have 2 q™ free, as a demayne of Kyl- nevogher. “ That Hobert M* Edmond shall have 1 q’ free, next adjoininge his house of Gortnedie in said barony. “ That Richard Betaghe, in respecte of the good service he hath done to Her Majesty in tyme past, and intendeth to do in tyme to come, shall have 2 q™ free, as a demayne next adjoyninge to his house or towne of the Cregg. é“ That Davie M* Edmond shall have 2 q™ free, as a demayne next adjoyninge his house of Kylcroan, and Lyssedrisseghan. ‘That Thomas M‘ Henry shall have 3 4” free, next adjoyninge his castell of Bellamoe. IN WYTNESSE whereof, the said lordes, chieftaines, &c., have hereunto put their seales, and subscribed their names, at Galway the 3™ day of Feb’ 1585. “Siz Hopart Bourx’s marke. “ Davy M° EpMonDr’s marke. “SHANE M° ULtIcx’s marke. “ M° WALTER’s marke. . VL “ Brymegham’s Country, or Barony of Donemore. “THIS INDENTURE made betwixt the Right Honorable Sir John Perrotte Knight, lord deputie generall of Irelande, for and on behalfe of the Queene’s most IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5. 2U excellent i. 339 -. “22 "te partie, and Ullick earle of Clanrickard—William arrh- “sy ase —_-famend Brymidgham lord barron of Athenrie—Tibbott bay 2 wrk eet. gem—Donyll O’Higgin of Killclona, gen.—James due P.srtemsm, gvu.—Rebert Fowlle of Feartemore, gen.— Walter Bry- “A ruin, gem. and others the freeholders and inhabitants, having lands - vs, my or DOWNMORE, within the county of Galway. of the “NUP SSP TEE, chat whereas the said baronie of Donmore, as well by an. es) ATS i pnisition, contains 183 q", each q' containing 120 acres. viz. Jose caanitity of land called the third of Walter Brymigham’s cept, > swirl Calo te the bishaprick of Clonmacknoyse 4 q", to the arch- yee VM re dean and parish of Tweame s ga”, and to her Majesty. oa se Nírenade as is said, 11 q™—also Tohe-Tirlagh-vaughas. ceaots Her Majesty, in right of the Trynitye abbey of Tweame 7 oogetatwe te Eee Majesty in right of the abbey of S' John of Tweame. Togs Dewees Sa q73 all which, in the whole barony of Donamore wether of 183 quarters. sxc Domino. dae covenant to aunswere & beare 2 good hable here casihch As acmed, with carriage and victualls, to all hostings, roods and stand Thomond; and 1 good hable horseman and a fvot- cosúil hostings proclaymed in this realme. H i Bád eas Gas Cre Tord baron of Athenry shall have 39 4” free, u» a demayne . vets ef Downmore and Turlaghvachan, and a yearlie rent-chardge Sve car oor the residue of all said gq”. / Ctanmekard shall have the abbey of Kileraneda, and 8 qr eater oof’ Feartylore I< said to consist) of 34 q”. that Rob' eee aw. the said manor and 6 q™ free, -\.oowy M dohnyne shall have the castell of Toberkeoghe, and $9 va. And that they shall all hold of the Queen, as of her castell or coe within the aforesatd county of Galway. IN WYTNESSE tonics and wentlemen have hereunto put their seales, und sub- "ne .t. ca as Galway the fourth day of September, Anmto Domini 1gNs5. NS AA - “W. Tram.—CbLanryYKARD. " E. ATHENRY.—Tinpott por. his marke. * ROBERT FOWLE.” VIL 331 VI. “ Countie of Mayve.” “THIS INDENTURE made betwixte the Right Honorable Sir John Perrot knight, lord deputie generall of Irelande, for and on the behalfe of the Queenes most excellent Mat* of the one partye, and the reverend fathers in God, William archbyshop of Tweame —Owen ellecte byshopp of Killalae—Sir Richard Bourke of the Newton knight, other- wise called M° William Eyghter— Walter Kettagh of Bealeck, gen.— William Bourke of Ardnery, gen.—Edmond Bourk M" Oliver of Ropa, gen.—Richard Barrett of Ross, otherwise called M“ Padin, chief of his name—Pierce Barrett of Ballasseekery, gen.— Myly M° Evily of Kinturk, otherwise called M* Evily, chiefe of his name—Edmond Bourke of Castlebar, tanest to the said M* William Eyghter—William Bourke of Bal- lenecarrae, otherwyse called the blinde abbote—Moyller Bourke of Castle M“ Kerra, gen. —Tybbott Reoghe Bourke of Boherfayne, gen.—Edmund Evagher M‘ Jordan of Bellalahen, otherwise called M" Jordan—Moyler M“ Jurdan of the Newcastell, gen.— Walter Leaghe M‘Stevane of Corran M‘ Stephane, gen.—Jordan M*° Thomas of Bal- lahaghe, gen.—Richard M* Moryse of the Bryse, otherwise called M* Moryshe chiefe of his name—Davy M° Moryshe of Castell M° Geralte, gen.— Walter M° Erydry of castell-Reoghe, gen.—William Bourke of Shrowell, gen.—Edmond Bourke of Conge, gen.—Riccard oge Bourke of Cloynecashell, gen.—Molaghlyne O’Mayle of Belclare. otherwise called O’Mayle chiefe of his name—Teige roe O’Mayle of Cahairenemart, gen.—Ouan O’Mayle of the same, gen.—Dermot M" Arte of Clare, gen.—Gilleduffe M* Gibbon of Ballynekillye, gen.—Ricard oge M* Gibbon of Glankyne, gen.—Sher- rone M* Gibbon of Lackane, gen.—Nicholas fitz-Symons of Dunmacknynye, gen.— Walter M° Phillipyne of Brehe, otherwise called M* Phillypyne chiefe of his name— Ferraghe M* Tirrlage roe of Carrickmadye, gen.—Edmond oge M" Gibbon of Derry- macgornan— William Bourke of Torrane, gen.—Riccard oge M° Tomyne of Ballicroen, gen.—Edmond Barret of Dowlaghe, gen.—John Browne of the Neyle, gen.—Richard Barret of Kyrenan, gen.—and John Caree of Downmacknyny, gen. of the other partie. “ WYTNESSETH, that wheare the whole country or terrytory of MAYOE ys devyded into nyne principall barronies, that ys to wytte, the barrony of Crosbohine alias Clanimorys, the barronies of Kilmean, Muryske, Burreshowle, Envyremore alias Irrish, Moyne alias Tyrrawly, Burreskerra alias Kerra, Bellalahen alias Gallene, & Clane- Costellae ; which (omyttinge Clan-Costelloe) contain, as well by suncient devy- syon as by late inquisition, 14484 4”, each q' containing 120 acres.\—FIRSTE, in the barronie a The “ Boundaries of Mayo” have been found as —Conge, the 22nd August 1607, before Sir Anthony follows, by an Inquisition taken at the abbye of St. Leger, Master of the Rolls, &c. ‘* The countie 2U2 332 barronie of Crosbohine alias Clanmorys, there is a quantity of land called the Brey. consisting of 7 q"—alsve Derowle, 14 q”—the Morning, 12 q"—Ballycowle & Castle- gare, g q?*—Caslane Enlagh-Kurowe, 13 q"—Ballekenknavy, 12 q"—Castellkevle, 3 q?>—Castell M° Gerralt, 4 g'—Down mf nynye and Castellreaghe, 22 q"—Cuarrtege. of Mayo consisteth of ten baronies, viz. Kill- mean, Rosse, Murske, Boresowle, Irrus, Tyrawly, Galleng, Costello, Clanmorrice, and Kerra.—- That the same county is bowaded with the county of Gal- Firste the barony of Kilmean doth bound with the lont Bir- waye on the sowthe and sowthe west. mingham countrve at Athsolluy in the east of Ballycheraghe, from thence to the forde of Ardower, and from thenee the bog called Claysschrydd. to the river of Shrower, and from thence to Cloghane Cor- rig, in the east of Kynlagh. from thence to the ford of Athleaagh, and from thence the river of Movne to Loghcorbe, which logh doth) bounde the said county to the river of Fallmer : and from thence to the imountayne of Mamenne, and thence the great mountayne to the river of Loghtafaghan, which river doth extend to the sea called Kellayle, and from thence to the roche called Carrigeolna on the sowthe side of the lack roeke called [nish be fine: and so the mayne veean sea on the west, north- weast. and north, boundinge thence the baronies of Murske, Borresowle, Irras, and Tyrawly, to) the river of Move, and from that river to the river of Bonryowe right a,aynste Bellecke, which river is ou the northe of Arduerie, and from that river to the hoge af Lahavh in Tyewe on the sowth of Bally- cotle, and from thence, the west and) of) the meun- tavne of Lynedane, te Mullycowes in Belelare in O Hira reogh’s countrie. in the comnty af Shige: from thence to Bedlahy tnearing between the counties of Mayo and Sligo. from thence to Sraw wu-even lode, in the north side oof Ballinilen., and: from: thenee té Bellancfohy on the north side of Killeolman in Cos- talie, from thepee ta Clownazenain neer Bungare in the county of Rosscommen: from thence to Bella- menda on the caste of the monastery of Urlare in Costello, from thence ty Curragh M® Bucanta vier +1 Castenergh in the county uf Rusxscommon, fre thence to the Legan, Killtullagh in Silleruwa in the county of Roscommon aforesaid, from thence w thy forde of Cowlcnedreny in Sillerown, in the county of Roscommon aforesaid, from thence to the pes uf Bellayh-ne-leeklen in Ermylton in the lord Berminz ham his country, from thence to the fonde cf Atbr sullus, where the aforesaid mearing dyd hegewna. ** Thes are the uttermost boundes of the counts uí Mayo on all sides. And whatsoever is contes Bré within the aforesaid boundes of the county of Mayu, wee finde that the barruny of Rilmayne oonteypeth 365 q', whereof are of the chankgeable ag" inhabited R14 the rest free and waste. The banay 4 Rosse consistethe of 100 qr, but how it is inhatáttd The barony of Burres-owle consisteth of 131 an, whereof 32 are inhabitted cf the chardge The harry f Murske consisteth of 0) gq", whereof 46 are mha hitted, the rest waste. The barony of Irisee conteva- eth 40 ars, whereof of the chargeable inhabitted 4, the rest free and waste. The barony of (jallen cua- teyneth 183 q"*) whereof are of the chanigable in- we know not. able land, the rest free and waste. habitted 104°, the rest free and waste. The baroay of Tverauly copsisteth af 253 qn wherwí are inha- bittal 2g’) the rest free and waste. [he barunr af Clanmorishe consisteth af 2400 ir, whereuf are Inhabitted of the chanlgeable lands n2 ús, the ree freeand waste. | By an Inquisition presente] unto us. ther: are of quarters in the barony of Castelo 63 q's vet wee fvnde that it is commonly beald t cm tevne NÓ) ans, wherenf of the chardsable gh" am inhabitted 47, the rest waste. “The ban-ny of Kes consisteth of 282". whereof are inhabiteed of the chargeable lands Óir, the rest free and waste — Orig. Ingus. Kells Off. Dublin, 333 4 q"—Keankylly, 14 g”—Aheana, 6 q"—Clogher, 2 q*"—Barreila, 4 q"—Knockan- coyle, 1 q’—Ballenstrangforde, 3 q*—Balle m‘adame, 4 g”—the cepte of Rickard fynn, 8 q"—the cept of Moyntercullenan, 4 q"—Clonbane, 4 q"—Bally m* Rickarde, 2 q”—Kilenhene, a q*—Rouske, 2 q”—Cowleroe, 2 g"—Clondyver, 1 q'—Carrolagh- emore, 1 q'—Ballechrunan, 4 q"—Termon, 24 4”, belonging to the archbishopricke of Tweame—alsoe the abbey of Ballynsmalle, 1 q', belonging to her Majesty—Kullvon- dane, 2 4”, belonging to the Queen in right of the abbay of Mayoe—Crosbohine, 1 q’'—Kylcowle, 4 4”, belonging to her Mat? in right of the abbey of Mayoe—Kep- paghe and Derradac, 2 q"—Knockdorchy and Ballynester, 1 4”, belonging to her Mat’ in right of the abbey of Mayo—Glaneghelrine and Skrykene, 1 q'—Lyannaghe and Purte, 1 q'—Ballyhumillane and Singanaghe, 1 q’—Ballymalavalle and Ballymago- rane, I q'—and Ballyclanristarde, 1 q', in all 200 g”. In the barronie of Kilmeane there is a quantity of land called Connyckenecowlye, 128 q™, whereof belongeth to William Bourke M*‘Shane and his frecholders, 80 g”, and to Edmond Bourke M*° Thomas Evagherye and his followers, 48 q”—alsoe Moynter-Creaghane, 22 g”— Eyghterhyre, 80 q"™—Loughmaske, 12 q*—Ballynrobae, 4 q"—Ballynclontye, 4 q’— Kenlaghe, 10 q"—also belonging to the archbishopricke of Tweame, 22 g"—to the Queen in right of the abbey of Conge, 16 q"—also 1 q’ in right of the abbey of Ballyn- robae—also Moyne, 2 q"—Lackfynne, 2 q"—also 2 q™ belonging to her Mat? in right of the nunrye of Innyshmeane and Ballyncaloe—also Dowrishe, 2 q”. The whole in that barony cometh to 321 q™. In the barronie of Muryske, in the Owles, there is a quantity of land called Lorge owle O’Mayle, 36 q"—Ilane-ne Moghea, 36 q"—also belonging to the archbishoprick of Tweame, 7 q"—and 1 q’ belonging to her Ma” in right of the abbey of Muryske, in all 80 q™. In the barronie of Burreshowle there is a quantity of land called the sept of Clanphillypins, consisting of 24 q”’—the cepte of M‘Tybbot 16 q"—Termonaghegowre 24 4”, belonging to the archbishoppe of Tweame—4 q™ belonging to her Ma" in right of the abbey of Ballyntober—alsoe these parcells of land followinge, belonging as is said to the erle of Ormonde, viz. Ackeall, 4 q"—Tyrenare and Boireshowle, 12 q"—Balleveaghan, 6 q”, whereof 2 q™ belong to the archbishoprick of Tweame—also Baleagowre, 4 q"—Kennarde, 4 q"—Lecarrobo- her, 4 q™—Clogher, 4 q"—Ballyhallynan, 4 g”— Roslea and Rosnebrare, 6 q”, belong- ing to the archbishoprick of Tweame—also Money, 2 q"—Ferrentyre, 2 q™—Kellma- glasse, 2 q”, belonging to the archbishoprick of Tweame—also Cagall, 2 q*—which in the whole cometh to 124 q™ within that barronie.—In the barronie of Enviremore alias Irrysh, there is a quantity of land called the Carne, 4 q"—Eyre-Irryshe, 4 q"— Leame, 4 q"—Toeskerte, 2 q’—Ymlevegger, 2 q*—Ballecroye, 4 q™, belonging as is said to the earle of Ormonde—also Glankoa-lehinskey, 4 q"—Dowghekeaghane, 4 a“— 334 q”’—Carrownenowghyne, 2 q’?’—Ballymonyll. 1 q'—Glanmoy and Dawnecartane. 1 q'—Innvre and great Innyskey, 2 q"—Letereghe, 1 q'— Kilteyny, 1 q', belonging to her Ma” in right of the abby of Ballintober—the Crosse, 3 4", belonging to her Ma? in right of the abbey of Crosse—Termon-killmore, 2 q”, belonging to same, whereof 1 ag” belongs to the Bishopricke of Killalae —Termon-kerraghe, 1 q'—Kilcomane. } 4a'. belonging to same—Ballecroye, 1 g'. belonging to same—the whole in that barronie 43141”. In the barony of Moyne alias Tyrawly, there is a quantity of land called the cowrine of Ballynewe, alias the Newtowne, 40 q"—cowryne ne Roppee, 23 y"— cowryne Bealicke, 48 q"—Barred’s cowryne, IR g'— Toe Castellreoghe. 16 q"— The Laggan and the Clandonyles, 36 q’— Toe Keherrenan, 18 q"—Tow Boawynyne and Glanhosty, 27 q’—Ardenery, 48”, whereof 2 q™ belong to the bishoprick of Kil- lalae—In the said barony belong to the birhopricke of Killalae 39 q"*—also the Grange of the Newtown, 4 q", belonying to her Ma? in right of the abbey of Knock- moy—also belonging as is suid to the dean and chaunter of Killalae, 2 qg”—also be- longing to the Queen in right of the abbey of Ravrana, 2 q"—which in the whole within that barony cometh to 287 q™. In the barronic of Burreskarre alias Kerrae, there is a oq’ of land called cowryne Downmonye, 21 qg"—cowryne Ballincarra, 22 q?—cowryne Moyonylie, 20 g’—cowryne Kentorke, 25 q"—cowryne Ffartry and Castellkerrane, 22 q°—the half cowryne of Clonyne, ro$ q”—the half cowryne of Lortane, 104 g"—Sleight Ulicke Bourke, and Sleight Davy duff Bourke, consisting of 21 q?-—the cowrvne af Torlazhe, 2! qr —the cowryue af Custell-Barrye, 21 g“— Slewoney, 24 q°— Drom and Ballyvorny, 8 q"—Ballintobber, 8 a", belonging to the Queen in right of the abbey of Ballyntobber—Levally ne tavese, 8 q"—Clondowane, 2 q?—Kearoweenny, 4 q'-- Ballyovey. $47. belonging to the archbishoprick of Tweame. which in the whole in that barrome cometh to 253 q™ In the barronie of Bellalahin alias Gallen, there is a quarter of land called Clane-Stephen, 16 q"—Clan- manny. 16 q?—Tow Boycelloe, 16 q"’—Toe Neweastell, 16 q"—Cawlekearoye and Tow Bellathaghe, 64 q"—Reanwite and Killedane. 6 a”, belonging to the bishoprick of Achonry—also Bellalahen, 16 g'—als belonging to the Queen in right of the abbey of Strade, 4. gi — Which in the whole of that barronie cometh to 180 q™ All which, being drawn into one totall, cometh to the aforesaid nomber of 1.448% au“; whereof belong to the Queen 58 q", to the lords spiritual 1514 q", and to the earl of Ormond go 4". The said Jords chieftains & acknowledging the manifold benefits and easements they find in possessing of their lands and goods, since the peaceable govermnent of the said lord Depatie, and the just dealings ot Sir Richard Binghame, Rnt. do graunt to the Queenes most excellent: Majesty her heires und successors for ever, one yearlie rent-chardge 335 rent-chardge of tenn shillings good and lawful current money of England, goinge out of everie quarter, which in the whole amounteth yearly to the some of £600 ster. and for lacke of money, the thresurer or gencrall receiver to receive kyne to the value of the said rent: and further, they doe covenaunt to aunswere and beare yearlie for ever, to all hostings, roods and journies within the said province of Connaught and Thomond, 40 good hable horsemen and 200 footemen well armed, and furnished with arms, garrans and victuals; and Is good hable horsemen and so footmen to all gene- ral hostings proclaymed in this realme. The s* lo. Deputie for and in the behalfe of the Queens Majestie, and also the aforesaid lordes, chieftaynes, &* doe covenant, promise, grant and agree, that the said Sir Richard Bourke, otherwise called Mac William Eughter, in respecte of the auncientie of his name, and for the better supportacon and mayntenaunce of the de- gree of knight-hood whereunto it hath pleased the Queens mo. excellent Majestie to call him, shall have by letters pattents, to him his heirs and assigns, the castells or mannors of Ballyloughmaske, Kinlaghe and Ballynrobae, and 34 q™ of land belonging to same—alsoc a yearlie rent-chardge of 3" 4” out of every q’ of 66 townes in said barony of Kilmean, of the freeholder’s lands, viz. the Bourkes, Jonynes, Clanmoylers, and Sleight vick Tybbott, in recompence for all rents, beoves, spendings and cus- tomary exaccons, who all shall hold of him by knight’s service—alsoe 3” 4” out of every q’ of 26 towns in the barony of Kerrae, viz. the lands of the Bourkes in Tor- troyme, Klyncowane and M* Ivyles—also 8" 4* out of every q’ of 10 townes in Burresowle, viz. the lands of Sleught Walter bouy, Sleight M* Kaage boy, the Clan- donyles and the Bourkes—also 27* 6“ upon 6 q™ of M° Phillipine and his kinsmens lands—also 15° ster. divided upon 3 q™ of s* M°* Phillipines lands in Dromrany—also 5" out of every q’ of 160 q™ of freeholders lands in the barrony of Moyne, viz. the Bar- retts, Bourkes, Lynots, Clanpaidyne, Cusaks, Carowes and Clandonyl!ls— also the castle of Newtowne in the barronie of Moyn, and 10 q™ about the same free. And that he and his heirs shall hold the same of the Queene, by the 20" part of a knights fee, as of her manor or howse of Strade in the said county; and one fayre chiefe horse, yearlye to be presented in her Ma'" name to the lord Deputie, with these words engraven with gold ‘‘ unde veni redeo.” That the archbishop of Tweame shall have such mansion places as he possesseth in the townes of Mayo, Conge, and Aghagower, with 12 q™ in the barony of Kilmean and Clanmores, free. That Thomas earl of Ormond and Ossory, said to be seised of 40 q™ belonging to the manor of Boresowle, shall have the same free. That 336 That Ulicke earl of Clanrickard shall have the castle and towne of Moyne in the harrony of Kilmeane, and 6 q™ free, whereof 2 q™ lyeth in Ballymartyne. That Owen clecte byshop of Killalae shall have the towne of Killalae in the bar- rony of Moyne, and 6 a" free. That Edmond Bourke of Castlebarr shall have the towne and castell of Castellbarr in the barreny of Borreskarrac, and 10 q™ free; and also 22 q” subject to this compe sition, whereof he and his kinsmen are now said to be seized in the said barrony. That William Bourke of Srowle, shall have the towne and castle of Cloghan in the barony of Kilmean, and 8 g"' free; and also other 18 q™ in the said barony, where he is said to be seized as of his inheritance, subject to this composition. That William Bourke the blind abbott, shall have the castle of Ballynakearre in the barony of Burriscarra, and 8 q™, free. That Edmond Bourke of Roppogh shall have the castle and towne of Roppaghe in the barony of Moyne, und 4 q", free. That Davyd Bourke of Castle-reoghe in the barony of Moyne shall have the castle af Carragenoisse and 6 y™ tree, and the moiety of Castlereoghe and 6 a" subject te thas composition, lying in Castlerecoghe, Corane and Carrowyarrafe. That Walter kittaghe Bourke shall have the castles of Beallycke and Crossmalvene in the barony of Moyne, and & a" free; and also other 12 q™ subject to this composi- tion, whereof he is said to be now seized as of his inheritance. That William Bourke of Ardnery shall have the castle and towne of Ardnery and I il trees and also Castleleeeane & 4 qr free; and other 6 q” subject to composition in Watlveashell and Ballaghe-adallae, in the said barony. Vhat Edmund Bourke of Conzae, who is said to be seized of ao q” us his inheritance nv the barony of Rilmaine, shall have 6 a" adjoining to his castles of Aquirke and Ballyeurry ne, free. Phat Ra hard oye Bourke of Cloynagashell, who is said to be seized of 20 a” as his mheritance, in the barony of Kilmeane, shall have & ag adjoyninge his said house of Closnaenhéell, free, What Mace Mars, otherwise surnamed Fitzgerrald or Prendergaste. chicte lord of the satd harreny of Crossbohine, for the better mayntenance of his living, shall have the castle ot dana of the Barrye and 4 dg" free; and 4 q™ in the Tarmon whereof he boon te be now seized as in right of the name and lordshippe of M' Moryshe, free: wid alee the castle or manor of Mornyne, and g ag", subject, whereof he is said to be now cet ed as of has owne and his kinsmen’s inheritance: and also a rent-charge of steal outotevers other din that barrony, amounting in the year to £35 15°. That 337 That Edmond Vaghery otherwise called Jordan De Exeter, chief lord of the bar- rony of Bellalaghen otherwise Gallen, shall have the castle of Bellalahane and 8 q”, whereof he is now seized in right of the name of M" Jordane, free; together with other 10 q™ in Tohe Bellahaghe and Cowlekearine, and shall have 5° out of every q‘ of 118 4”, in full recompence of all rents, dutyes, & exaccons. That John Brown of the Neile in the barony of Kilmeane, who is said to be seized off ]q” in his inherytance in sundry baronies within said county, shall have 12 q™, free. That Nicholas Fitzsymons of Downmacknynye in barrony of Clanmoryshe, who is said to be nowe seized of 22 q™ in the said barony as his inheritance, shall have 8 q™ adjoininge to his said castles of Downmacknynye and Castellreoghe, free, whereof 2 q™ lyeth in the town or village of Ballycullane. That Peires Barrett of Ballyasykeary, shall have the said castle and towne of Ballyasykeary in Moyne barrony, & 4 4”, free. That Moyler and Tybbot Reoghe Bourke, sonnes to Walter Foda Bourke, shall have 5 q™ each, to be joyned to such of their castells as they shall make choyce of, free. That Shane M*Hubberte of Downenemony, otherwise called the Parsone of Downemony, with respect that the town and land is greatly incumbered in holding of the Cessyons there, shall have 4 q™ adjoining thereto in the barony of Burreskarra, free. That Farragh M* Donill of the Clonyne, in respect of his good service done on her Ma‘* side at the meeting of Srowle, shall have 4 q™ adjoining to said castle, or to anyother of his houses in the said barrony of Burriskarra, free. That Richard Barrett of Kyherrenan, in consideracon of his service done at the said meeting of Srowle, shall have a 4” adjoininge, in the said barrony of Moyne, free. That Thomas Nollane of the Crevaghe in the barrony of Kilmeane, in respecte of his sufficiencie to serve as a clerke in the said countrey, shall have the castle of Crevaghe and 3 ga”, free. That Moyler Bourke fitz-Thomas of Clowneduffe in the barrony of Kerrowe, shall have 2 q™ in said towne, free. That Jordan fitz-Thomas of Bellahaghe in the barrony of Bellalahin, shall have 4 4”, free. And for as much as divers of the meane freehoulders of the sayd county of Mayoe, and the tenaunts dwelling upon their lands, are and shall be greatlie burdened by this composition, if the petty lords and the Captaines next above them, be allowed IRISH ARCH. 80C. I5. 2X to 338 to take such rents and customarye dutyes as they pretend to belong to the sayd petty captainshippes, which had their beginning but by compulsary means, agreeable te the disorder of the time: for remedy whereof it is condescended, concluded and agreed, that the above named M‘ Evilie, M* Paddyne, M* Phillippyne, O’Maile, and all others of that sort and calling, and every of them, shall have, hold, possess and enjoy. to them their hetrs and assigns, not only such castles and lands as belongeth to the name and callinge of M* Evilie, M* Paddyne, M" Phillippyne and O’Mayle, but als such castells and lands as they or any of them be now justlye seized of as their inheri- tance, the same to descend from ech of them to their heires by course and order of the laws of England; and in respect of confirming unto them the same, that after the decease of everie of the said petty lords or captaines, nowe livinge, the aforesaid rents and duties shall, from thenceforth, be utterlie determyned and extinguished for ever. Provyded, also, where there appeareth certain emulacon or envy betwixt the above named M° William Eyghter and his kinsmen, whereof there are some compettytours, that by reason of their byrth, being descended of M* Williams of greater fame and reputacon than the said Sir Richard Bourke, thinke themselves more worthy of the English suecessyone now devysed by this composicon; and others, standinge upon their expectancye of succeedinge his place, wisheth the continuance of that customary name, that it shall rest in the consyderacon of the lord deputie for the tyme beinge, howe and in what sorte the above named castles, manors, lands, rents and _sinorys, belonging to the name of M° William, shall be disposed or lymited to the said M* Wil- liam and his said kynsmen. IN WITNESSE whereof the aforesaid lords, chieftaines and others have hereunto put their seales, and subscribed ther names the 13" day of September, Anno Domini 1585. Provyded always that all such lands as John Browne aforesaid hath, of his proper inheritance, within the barronies of Gallen and Clanmorysh, being 30 q™ and 3 carrows, shall be discharged from all rents, services and demands of M° Moryse or M* Jordan, other than a yearly rentehardge of 12" out of every quarter. “OW. 'IPwEAM.— OwIN ELECTE, KILLALA——RICHAaRD BocrKE.—WaLrer Kittacue. —W" BocrKe.— M EvVILLE.-——EDMONDBOUREE AU OLivgas murke.—PEETER BARRETT M° Pappine.— WILLIAM Bourke alias the Buinpb = ABBOTT.—M‘* JoRpAN’s marke.—WaAaALTER LEAGHE Mac STEPHEN.—RicKaRD OGE BouRKE.—WALTER Mac Ercpprry.— M* Morrysue.—Davip MN ORRYSHE.—ÁV ILLIAM Bourke of Srowle — JoRDANE ÓM THomas.—EpMosp BarreETTt.—OnE O'MAYLE— OoMayre.—Nicuotas Fitz-Simons.—Rickarp AÍ Gipson.—-Tsgie Ror O'Mayie.—Ricnarp OGE M°JoNYNE.—SHANE AÍ Ginporn— RicHaRD BsRRETT.— WILLIAM GARVEY of the Leyhing.” “ Bellahawnes 339 “ Bellahawnes Baronye, commonly called Mac Costilo his Country. “ WHEARE the province of Connaughte and Thomonde, through the continual] dissention of the lords and chieftaines within the same, eche whereof challenging to themselves auctorities, cuttings and cesings, uncertain, unlawful and unprofitable, under pretence of defending of the people under their several rules, have run into all errors of forgetting of their duties to her Majestie—and contemning the ways of justice: We the lord Deputie directed a commission to Sir R. Bingham & others dated the 1gth July in the 27™ year of her Majesties reign, who accordingly executed the same. But we found that the barony of Bellahawnesse in the co. of Mayo, commonly called Mac Costilo his country, was omytted, for that the commissioners could not, as they alleged, conveniently take view thereof, through the hard passage and travel thither, by means of the great bogges, woodes, mores and mountaines, and other evill waies in and to the said baronie, so as no composition was taken thereof. Albeit Sir Theobald Dillon, who inhabiteth the said lande by himselfe and his tenants, made suite unto the said commissioners to take view thereof, to thend that he and the contre there, might compound and yeilde a yearly compensation unto her Majestie, both for the better reducinge of the people there to sevilitie, and that they might yeilde obedience, and knowe their dutie unto her Highnes, which before were vere uncivell and barbarous, and the countrye there a verie resceptacle of Scotts, and a harbour of other lowse and evill people, through the strenghth and fastnesse thereof: wherefore he humbly desired, that a commission might be graunted for the viewing and estimating the said baronie, which commission did accordinglie issue, and Sir Tho’ Lestrange knt. then chief com- missioner of Connaught and Thomond, and others commissioners therin, took Inquisi- tion by jury of said barony, which founde upon their oaths, that yt contained 247 or 252 porcons or small q™, whereof in respecte of the unfruitfulnes, barranes and badness of the soile, and the small quantity of arable land within the same, being for the most parte woods, mores, mountaines and unprofitable bogge, they have put 4 of the said q™ to one ordenarie 4' of 120 acres, and so did find in their consciences that the said barony or countrie contained no more than 63 q™ meete to be charged, as by the said Inquisition may appeare. Upon return of which Inquisition letters were addressed unto us the Lord Deputie, from the said Sir Thomas Lestrange, concerninge the premises, the tenor whereof ensueth— “ May IT PLEASE Y" HONOUR é“ We have been aboute and over-viewed Mac Castilloe his countrie; and now, at the gent’s requeste fore whose cause we tooke the paines, these are to certefie your 2X2 Lordship, 340 Lordship, how we have found it, that it is barren amongst the most barren; which thing beinge so, and yet standing in so discomodious a place, yet can be hardlie brought aboute to he peopled with civill inhabitaunts, excepte a respect of some extraordinan- freedoms or Immunitye drawe them thither. In this cause I have neither auctoritie nor discertion from your honnor to deale, and therefore do whollie refer the determi- nation thereof to your Lordship’s consideration, which wyll I doubt not [4e] both wys- X juste; wyse in alluringe the inhabitaunts to a place which by want thereof might rayse a greate discomoditie to her Majestie’s subjects, and just by ympusing no greater rent on the gent. then the barrones of the soyle will beare; whereof I desire your lord- ship most earnestlie, a gentle and favrable consideration, in respect myne eyes ar wytnes how lytle it is worthe in regard of the quantitie of grounde that it contains Thus with my humble commendations, 1 eommitt your lordship to the Almightir, trom Athleage the 1o™ of Sept. 1587. * Whereot the said Theobald Dillon, in behaulfe of himselfe and his tenaunts, and rest of the inhabitants of the said barunie, made humble suite that the said Inquisitiva might from henceforth stande and conteynied. Whereupon entering into the consi- deration of the same, and that the said Theobalde Dillon inhabiteth the said harronic, and hath by his industrie brought the people there to obedience and subjection; We have therefore concluded and agreed that the said countrie shall only be charged after the rate of fower skore and three quarters, at To" sterling the quarter, and so to cum tinew until her Majesty’s pleasure therin be known. Given under Her Majestie's privie seale, the rm Dec. 1887. “J. PERRot.” VII. _. Sligo, “THIS INDENTURE made betwixt the Right Honorable Sir John Perrott knight, Lord Deputy Generall of Ireland tor and on the behaulte of the Queene's most excellent: Mat! of the one partye, andthe rev" fathers in God John Bishop of El phine— Owyn bishop of Aconry—Owine eleete bishop of Killalac—Sir Donyll O'Connor of Sligo, knight—Pheolyme O'Tarte of Ardtarmon otherwise called O'Hart, chief of his namne—Owine O'Connor of the Grawndze, gen.—Edmond O°’ Dowey (Ó Deirda) of Killelasse. otherwise called O*Dowey chief of his name—JTubbert Albenaghe of Rathly. ceon,—Breene M swynhe of Ardnevlas, ren. — Davy Dowdy of Castle-Connor, gen.— Cormocke Ó Harry (O Hara) of Cowlany otherwise called O'Tarey buy, chief of his natne—Ferrail OYarry of Ballinetennock otherwise called O* Harry reogh, chief of his name—Breene ODarry of Tulwy. gen.—Owene O'Harey of Cowlany, gen.— Ferrdor- rahe M' Donashe of Cowleae, otherwise called M' Donoughe Tyrreryll, chief of his name— 341 name—Mellaghlyne M*° Donogh of Ballyndowne, gen.—Melaghlyne M* Donogh of Cowlwonye, gen.—Morryshe M* Donoghe of Clonemahyne, gen.—Cene M*° Hughe of Bryckleawe, gen.—John Croftone of Ballymote, gen.—George Goodman of Tagh- tample, gen.—Manus Reoghe of Rathmollyne, gen.—Manus M° Teig bwy of Lyscon- nowe, gen.—Alexander Mac Swyne of Loughtnevynaghe, gen.—Urryell Garry of Moye, otherwise called O’Garry, chiefe of his name—Rory O’Garry of Kearowercoghe, gen.—& Manus M" Bryene Reoghe of Levally, gen.—of the other partie. “ WYTNESSETH that wheare the whole Country or terrytory of Slego ys divided into 5 principall barronies, that is to wytte, the barronies of Carbry, Tire- eragh, Maghery-layny, Tire-erryell, Corryn, and the half barrony of Cowlovyne, which contain as well by auncient devysion as by late Inquistion, gog q™ of land, each 120 acres."—-FIRST, in the barronie of Carbry, there is a quantity of land called Cowrine a The “ Boundaries of Slygo” have been found as follows : An Inquisition taken at Slygo the 25*® July, 1607, before Sir Anthony St. Leger Knight, mas- ter of the rolls, &c. the Jury find ‘That the said county of Slygo isin length from the leape of Gow- regallen in the sowthe parte of Assaroe, where the ryver of Thanry doeth enter into the sea on the north syde, conteynuing in length forty myles, and in breadth from Beallafernan joyninge with Brena O Roirke on the easte, to the Belahye meareinge with the county of Mayo on the west, and conteyn- inge in breadthe other fortye myles. Item the boundes of the saide county eastwarde, begyneth at Mully I node at the Corlewes, and soe in compasse to the leape of Gowregollen, and forwarde towards the sowthe to Belahedirge, and to Belagarry at Bealaghe, and to Shroan, Killassirre, and forwarde to Bealanany, and to the river of the Moye, and to Trayohill on the west border of the barony of Tyre- raghe, whereof the seven towns of Cowlekeearny is forceably healde from the said barony, since the making of the composition by the county of Mayo: and that wee finde by office, and by a decree given by Sir Richard Bingham, and the prooffes of dyvers other suffitient men, that the said seaven towns hath beane in antient tyme, and ought to be parcell of the saide county of Slygo: and from the said Traybohill, Sleight the sea on the northe side doethe bounde the said county of Slygo to Assaroy aforesaid ; and from thence to the castle of Camlyn, and to Callkinvoher betwixt Farmanaghe and Carbery on the easte parte, and soe to Sroan Carrywonny betwixte the barony of Carbery and the Breany, and forward to Garromore glandallen, and Cnockevockedy, and Farren nefe- nyha, and soe forwarde to Shrohe ne Coillemore on the sowthe part of Loghgill, betwixt the barony of Tyre-Irrill and the said Breny, and to Keane ne Rahabane, and to Keanne ne-hargyny, and soe to the easte end of Shroe Kedycoman, and to Altconra throug Bradlewe, and to Belafernan, and to Ebber- ne-howngyre, and to Bomnonyn-Aghwoghell, en- tringe in the easte end of Logharowghe, and sve to Shuanbuy, and to the said Molly I node, where firste wee began at Corrlewe. There is twentie quarters betwixte Bondroyes and Assaroe, which by dvvers good proffes beside, some of the Jury have fownde to be parcel] of the saide county of Sligo, yett it is in the posseasion of ©’Donnell. There is twenty quarters of the barony of Tyre-Irrell in the posses- sion of the countie of Leytrym, since the making of the Composition, which they finde by office. warrant, and other good prooffes, to be of right parcell of the saide county of Slygo. That the said county doth consist of five baronies and a halfe, viz. the baronies of Tire-Irrill, Corren, 342 Sleight Owyne O’Connor, consisting of 284 q"—Cowrine Sleight Moryertaghe back- aghe O'Connor of Downaly, 27 q"—Cowrine Moygleny now in the possession of O’Donyll, 20 q*"—whereof belong to the Queen in right of the abbey of Assharroy, 4 q"—Cowrine Sleight Briene O'Connor of Knocknerty, 264 q™ and } parts—Cowrine Sleight Tirrellagh Carraghe O’Connor of Askelly, 30 q"—whereof belong to her Mas! in right of the ubbey of Sligo, 4 q'—Carowe-Rohablern, 1 q'—Ballybevlane, 14 g'— Bally Connor, 2 q"—Ballekilegane, 14 q'—Bradkyllyne, 4 q'—Bally M' Inyrrleyne, 14 q'—Rossyveolune, 14 q'—Killaspickbrony, 1 4', said gá q™ belonging to the Bishop- rick of Elphin—the Benan, 4 4”, belonging to her Majesty in right of the abby of Agrosse—Carrowe-Iheffenan, 1 q'—Carrowe M‘ Idewan, 1 q'—and 1 q’ belong” to her Majesty in right of the abbay of Kilcrenaude—which in the whole of that barony cometh to 150 q’.—In the barronie of Tyreragh there is a quantity of land called Cowryne Sleight Cosney of Ardglasse, 32 q"—Cowrine Sleight Rorye UO’ Dowde of Dow- neall, 42 q?—Cowrine Sleight Teige O’ Dowde of Isker-Owen, 40 q"—Cowryne Sleight Donogh O’Dowde of Castleconnor, 40 q”—alsoe belonging to her Majesty in Skarmore as in right of the abbey of Ardnaree, 1 g'—alsoe adjoininge to the said abbeye, $ g'— Killanly á q‘, belonging to the bishoprick of Killalae—Kilglasse, 1 q” belonginge to same— Ard-Finntain, i.e. Finntan’s eminence, or hill, now Ardfintan, a townland in the west of the said parish of Killursa. ¢ Bally-conlachtna, Gaile hi Contacena, i.e. O’Conlachtna’s town, now Ballyconlaght, in the parish of Cargins, in the barony of Clare. See Ord- nance map, sheet 55. 4 From Ath mic Cinn to the lake, i. e. from Headford westwards to Lough Corrib. This district, which was, at the period of the writer of this tract, 3B2 372 veacmaio hi Fhlaicbencr leir. hua Muipgile o Muine-inpaoain, apopac- caine hi Fhuairbencais. O Maelbinoi on cepmanp .i. bl colu leir. Ni Ouaeé 7 hi Ougoa ona opomarb, Ni Pavapeag cur- rig ceicní mail) bec Muimneip Facarg, cona povaleaib, 7 cona pfpeamuib pinbu- cara fein pureib,” Erenach of Rathhindile, and he has the tithes of O’Flaherty. O’Murgaile of Muinne-in-radain is the Ardrachtaire’ of O'Flaherty. O’Maelbindi of the ter- mon has Bally-Colu” O° Duach and Dagds of the Drums. O'Faharty is chief of the fourteen townlands of Muintir-Fahy*, with their correlatives under them". The foregoing curious and, perhaps at the present day, unique description of the e+ tablishment and dependencies of an Irish chieftain, previously to the twelfth century. developes a state of society, as then existing in Ireland, very different from the feudal system, which, at the time, prevailed over the greatest part of Europe. The evils of that system, which are described by all the writers on those times as insup- portable, were never felt in Ireland. Almost the whole of Europe was divided into small societies ; a few towns formed a petty state, and these states were continually at war with each other. There were no high roads, nor any security for merchants, who were plundered, and often murdered, by the lords and chatellains; whose castles and towers, on the banks of rivers, and in mountain passes, were little better than dens of robbers. divided into ballybetaghs, called after the families of (YCodel and O'Maelmuine, is now divided into mi- nute denominations, and the uames of the large hal- Ivbetaghs are forgotten. ¢ Ardrachtaire, i. e. head steward ' Baile- Colu.- -There is a townland of this name close to the southern boundary of the barony of Clare. © Muintir-Fahy.—These names are still found widely interspersed over the country, but. like the xenerality of the old Irish families, they are mostly reduced to a state of poverty. h See ante, p. 130, for the regal establishment of the Kings of Connaught, which subsisted at the same time with that of their subordinate chieftain (YFlaherty. We find in Scotland the same clan evstem, derived from the Trish; but there it conti- nucd to a later period than even in the parent coun- ery. Martin, in his Description of the Western Islands, Murders, rapines, and disorders of every kind, prevailed to such a degree, already quoted, has preserved some of the chagac- teristics of this very ancient state of society. De scribing the old and modern customs of the island he tells us (p. 124. &c.): “At the first plantation of the isles, all matters were managed by the ale authority of heads of tribes, called in Irish 7isevns. The chieftain was usually attended with a retinas 4 young men of quality, with whom it was usual te make a desperate incursion upon some neighbesr that they were in feud with, and to force his catthe, or die in the attempt. This, he adds, was met “m- sidered robbery ; for it was usually followed by rate liation. When the chief entered on the goverument of the clan, he was placed on a pvramid of stones, a white rod was delivered to him, and the chief Druid or orator pronounced a stimulating panegyrie, a the ancient pedigree, valour, and liberality of the family; all which he proposed to the young chisf- 373 degree, that the social compact was nearly dissolved. But in Ireland, although war- fare between the clans was prevalent and violent, yet the laws were obeyed, and individual safety so much respected that, we are told, a young maiden, bearing a wand with a ring of gold on the top of it, traversed the island without fear of being molested. This illustration is, doubtless, overcharged, but the subordination which it was intended to illustrate is unquestionable’. M. Guizot, in his General History of Civilization in Europe, after alluding fo the feudal and patriarchal states of society, thus describes the clan system of Ireland: “ Un autre systéme de famille se présente, le clan, petite société dont il faut chercher le type en Ecosse, en Irlande, et par laquelle probablement un grande portion du monde Européen a passé. Ceci n’est plus la famille patriarcale. Il y a une grande diversité de situation entre le chef et le reste de la population; il ne méne point la méme vie: la plupart cultivent et servent: lui, il est oisif et guerrier. Mais leur orgine est commune; ils portent tous le méme nom; des rapports de parenté, d’anciennes traditions, les mémes sou- venirs, des affections pareilles établissent entre tous les membres du clan un lien moral, une sorte @égalité. Voila les deux principaux types de la société de famille que présente l’histoire. Est-ce la, je vous le demande, la famille féodale? Evidem- ment non.” But upon this state of society in Ireland, the feudal system was suddenly obtruded in the twelfth century ; and it was quite impossible that, from two such opposite political elements any other results could have followed than those which are familiar tain for imitation. The chiefs had fixed officers to of the Irish chiefs ‘‘ carried the title of King,” which attend them upon all occasions. Sir Donald Mac- donald had his principal standard-bearer, and quar- termaster. Every chieftain had a bold armour- bearer, called Galloglach: also a cup-bearer, purse- bearer, steward, physician, orator, poet, bard, musician, smith, piper, &c. Before battle, the Druid harangued the army, after which they gave a general shout, and charged the enemy. The drink- ing bouts were attended by a cup-bearer; and two men with barrows attended punctually to carry away those who got drunk. The chieftains bestowed the cow's head, feet, and all the entrails, upon their de- pendants; such as the physicians, orator, poet, bard, musicians, &c.” This description is probably, so far as it extendas, a picture of the Clan system which prevailed in the greatest part of Ireland until the seventeenth century. The most potent was never assumed in Scotland. After a series of struggles for centuries, the clan system at length sunk in Ireland under the superior power of the Anglo-Norman feudalists of England ' And it probably explains the reason, why some of the early Anglo-Norman adventurers passed so easi- ly, without molestation, over several districts of Ireland, before the unsuspecting natives were aware of their hostile intentions.—See Statute of Kilkenny, published by the Irish Archmological Society. A. D. 1848, p. 85, Note !?. J Quatrieme legon.—‘‘ Another family system offers itself, the clans, a sort of petty associations, of which the type is to be found in Scotland and Jre- land, threugh which, in all probability, a great por- tion of the European world has passed. This was very different from the patriarchal family. There 374 familiar to all acquainted with our melancholy history since that period. We may therefore conclude that the future historian of Ireland, keeping this great distinction in view, will be able to present the hitherto misunderstood annals of this island ina different light from that in which they have hitherto appeared to the world, and thereby add an important, nay even an instructive page to the history of mankind. The twelfth century, the most memorable of Irish history, opened on the provinee of Connaught with dissensions and wars, between it and the princes and people of Munster. In A.D. 1117, a battle was fought between Brian, son of Morogh O'Flaherty. joined by the sons of Cathal O’Conor and the Connaught forces, against Torlogh, son of Dermod (Brien, King of Munster and the Dalcassians, in which the latter were defeated with great slaughter. ‘The Dalcassians took the field a second time, headed by Dermod himself, and crossed the borders of Connaught. They laid waste the territories of Hy-Briuin and Hy-Fiachrach; but the Connacians, under the command of Cathal (Conor and Brian O'Flaherty, routed them in a second battle, pursued them as fer as the mountains of Echtghe* and Burren, and destroyed considerable numbers in the pursuit’. Turlough ©’Conor, King of Connaught, soon after marched with an army into Munster, and destroyed Kincoradh the residence of the Kings of Munster. He then proceeded to Desmond, burned Cashel and Lismore, and destroyed the termon land of the latter. Connor (Brien, King of Munster, met him in battle near Ardfinss, and gained a signal victory; in which Mureadhach O’Flaherty, prince of lar-Connaught, Hugh O’Heyne, lord of Hy- Fiachrach Aidhne. O*Lorean, and many other nobles of A. strong castle was built at the mouth of the river Gaillimh (Galway), where Flann and Giolla-Riabhach, the sons of Anslis O'Heyne. were treacherously historian: "BH ny avait pour cette population peind de sovieté generale; son existence était puremnsnt keale. STlors du territoire guils habitaient. be colons Wavaient a faire á personne, ne tenaient & par- somne et A rien. Tl n'y avait pour eux point de dss- Connaught, were slain™. existed an important distinction between the situa- tions of the chief and the rest of the population : they did not lead the same life, the greater part tilled and wrved, whilst the chief was an idler and a warrior. But they had a common origin, and they all bore the same name: whilst relations of kindred, old tradi- tions, identity in recollections, and fewlings of attach- nent. established a moral tie, a sort of equality. amonzest all the members of the clan. These are the two principal types of family association that history aupplies, But do they contain the fendal family ? Certainly not.” Perhaps, in one respect only, there was a similarity between the clan population and the feudal serfs; which cannot be better expressed than in the words of the same talented and eloquent tinte commune, point de patrie commune: ils se formaient point un peuple.”"—Id. k Now called Sliere sfughty, or more corruptly Roughta. This i a range of mountains, to the & EB of Galway county, on the confines of Clare. ' Four Mast. A. D. 1137. m 14. and " Law of Tanistry illustrated,” by Doctor O'Brien, in Vallancey's Collect. vol L p 562, EL Dub. 1770. 375 treacherously killed by Conor O'Flaherty; who was himself slain in a battle fought near Athlone, in A. D. 1132, between the Kings of Munster and Connaught, in which the latter was defeated with great slaughter’. The newly erected castle at the Gaillimh was thereupon destroyed; and Flaherty O’Flaherty was slain by the sons of Loghlin O’Loghlin, in revenge for the death of their father. The entire of Connaught was laid waste from the river Drowes to the Shannon, and to the southern mountains of Echtghe. Torlogh O’Conor fled into Iar-Connaught, where he was pursued by the O’Briens; who plundered the territory, taking a prey of a thousand cows, and destroying the fort at the Gaillimh". Aodh (Hugh) O’Cadhla (O’Kealy), prince of Conmhaicne-mara, [ Conamara], was killed by his own clan’. The province was again miserably ravaged by the Momonians, and Roderic O'Flaherty, with other persons of distinction, was slain. Torlogh O’Brien a second time spread devasta- tion over the country of O’Flaherty, where he seized great preys of cattle (bopaime mop) ; and in his progress, prostrated the fortification at the Gaillimh, (muippuc oun n-gaillme) in which latter exploit, one of his principal chieftains, O’Loghlin of Cor- comroe, was drowned’. Having now arrived at the middle of the twelfth century, it is time to close this appalling paragraph of outrage and crime; which must have proved as disagreeable to the reader to peruse, as it has been revolting to the editor to narrate. But the histories of all nations are made up of similar details. Thus, while we tind the Irish engaged in the work of mutual destruction; we must remem- ber that the surrounding nations were at the same time similarly employed. To go no farther for examples than to the neighbouring Welsh and Saxons—what appalling instances of human destruction do we not meet with in every page of their ensan- guined annals. The historian‘ of the latter people, shrunk from the narrative of their petty broils, which he compared to the battles of kites and crows; and considered them too insignificant for a place in history. Some writers on Irish affairs have explained succeeding disasters, as punishments inflicted by Providence on the nation for “ their old accursed feuds, their convulsions, violences, rapine, oppressions, revenge, their spilling of one another’s blood to death'.” But another solution may, perhaps, be discovered in this eternal maxim, that “a nation divided against itself cannot stand” and that maxim will be found verified in the pages of Irish history. Torlogh O’Conor, Monarch of Ireland and King of Connaught, towards the close of un Id. and Law of Tanistry, utantea, p. 565. ofthe Royal Society, Dublin, it is stated that he was o Four Mast. A. D. 1117. killed by O’Hogan of Munster. Pp Id. A. D. 1139. r Four Mast. A. D. 1150. 4 Id. et Inisf. ad an. 1145. In some extracts ® Milton. from ‘‘ Annales Anonymi,” preserved in the library t Walsh's Prospect, p. 807. 376 of his long and turbulent reign, projected a maritime expedition against the northern parts of his dominions. This was, perhaps, the greatest national armament witneseed before or since that time in Ireland. The fleet consisted of the ships of the Dun or fort of Galway, and of Conmhaicne-mara; those of the O'Malleys of the Umhaills [the Owles. who were long considered the best mariners of Ireland"; and those of the territories of Tirawly and Hy-Fiachrach, all in the west and north-west of Connaught. Over this fleet, Cosnamhach ©’Dowda was appointed commander or admiral; and a predatory descent was made on the territories of Tirconnell and Inishowen. The Kinel-Eoghain with their chief, Muircheartach the son of Niall, dreading the plunder and destruc- tion of their country, sought succour from the Scots of Alban, and subsidized the fleets of the Gall-Gadeliany of Arran, Cantire, the Isle of Man, and other parts, under the command of Mac Skellig. The two fleets met near Inishowen, and, after an obstinate engagement, the Irish gained a complete victory; but with a considerable loss of men, among Whom was the udniral, O’Dowda’. All the enemy’s ships, with their commander, Mac Skellig, tell into the hands of the Connacians”. Seon after this victory King Torlogh died" ; and although the Annalists have been loud in sounding his praise, pompously styling him “the Augustus of Wester Eurupe,” yet it is certain that he did as much as any man that ever lived, to render He was succeeded by his son Roderic, in whose time the Anglo-Normans landed in Ireland’. It was not until A. D. 11797 that these adventurers first set a hostile foot in Connaught, and that event is thus related in the Book of Leinster: '' An army with Miles Cogan to Conaght, unawares to his country an easy prey to foreign invaders. " (Dugan, in his topographical poem, which refers to the twelfth century, thus celebrates the (Malleys :— Oume marie pam ní parbe Orb Malle, ace na maupuroe. Which may be translated," there never was a good man oof the (’Malleyvs, who was not a mariner.” They have preserved the same character to modern times..—See Four Masters, A.D. Lo. s Ó. A. 1). 1151. See also Treatise on Hy-Fiach- rach, dr. dreh. Soe. p. 352. w The above is the most considerable maritime en- varement of the ancient Irish on record ; if we except the celebrated sea fight. said to have taken place at Dundalk in ALD. 944, and which sev detailed! in OY Halloran’s History of Ireland, vol. IT. p. 221. from a MS. entitled the "" Wars of Callaghan Cashel” But it must be observed here, that the agthe- ticity of that MS. is doubtful. By our best Assi- quarics it has been pronuunced a Romance: bat ()Halloran’s bonest zeal "to render that justice le our ancestors which had been long denied them.” (Dedication), induced him to treat it as a gemaine document, in order to give “our ancestors” the credit of the brilliant achievements which it relaten Aad that, he concvived, was doing the justice to which be had alluded. Others have given the story as as- thentic history, but it is net to be found in asy of var aceite Annals, » Four Masters A. D. 1156 " fd ALD. 1170. 377 to the countrymen till they came to Roscommon. Morrogh O’Rory [O'Conor | came to- wards them, and guided them through Conaght. His father, Roderick the king, was then on his regal progress through Iar-Connaght, when he got intelligence of the English. The English, in their marching, burned the Maghary, i.e. the plain of Connaght, and Oilfin, and Forta-noggy (Fearta Geige),and Imleagh-Ferdoragh, and Imleagh-Brocadha, and Down-Imdhan(Dunamon). And the English came from Athmogha, [Ballime] and through Fidmonagh, and Sligy More (viz. the great road of) Ligy-gnathaile, and over Athfiny, by Down-more, and to Tuam directly ; and made no prey throughout the pro- vince, for the Connactians secured their’s in their holds and places of security ; and Tuam _ was emptied, and the English burned Killbeneoin (Kilbannon), and Kill-Meadhuin (Kilmaine), and Lackagh, and Killcathgaly (Kicahill)*, and Ross-Cannin (Roscam), and the castle of the fort of the Galway. And the English were three nights in Tuam (da Gualan), without either meat or booty, and they being informed that the Connac- tians and Momonians were gathered together against them, which the English believed as truth, for Rory, King of Ireland, suffered not his men to meet them, expecting their meeting in a set battle, the English stole away as far as Toghar-mona-Connedha, when the Connaught footmen gave an onset on the said Toghar, when the English had been [would have been] defeated, were it not for O’Conor’s son (Morrogh O’Rory) that encouraged them. And that night they came to Uaran, and they stole away the next day to Athliag, where a small party of the Connactians overtook them, which dealt hardly with them in the ford, and their losses were unknown (i. e. considerable) afore they left Conaght. Murrogh, Rory’s son, was blinded by Sil-Muredhy and by Rory himself, for his wicked deeds. Connor Moenmoy, Rory O’Conor’s son, [was] forci- bly brought out of the island of Lough Cuanby Maelculard O’Flathberty, and by Ca- O’Flathberty, and by Gilly-berry O’Flathberty, and by the rest of his favourites (friends), he being in restraint for the space of a whole year for his own injuries (misdeeds). Hugh O'Flaherty, King of Iar-Connaught, died in Enachduin. The river of Galway was dried from Oilean na Clodagh to the sea, from sun-rising to twelve o'clock the second day, in which abyss a huge multitude of fish was found*.” After * For these places, see ante, p. 369. a Extracts from a translation of Annals of Lein- of the Royal Dublin Society. See also the Annals of the Four Masters, and of Inisfallen (Conry), ster made in the year 1665, by Dudly Firbisie, for Sir James Ware. Mac Firbis’s autograph is pre- served in the Library of the British Museum. Cod. Claren. tom. 68, and there are transcripts of it in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, and of the library IRISH ARCH. SOC. IS. A. D. 1177: the latter agrees verbatim with the An- nals of Leinster. In the former, the phenomenon of the Gaillimh is somewhat differently related. They state that the river was dried up for three days, and that military weapons, and other “ curi- sc 378 After the foregoing precipitate flight of the Anglu-Normans before the previncal force, called by the Leinster Annalist the " invincible army of Sil-Muredhy’.” thew invaders were for sume years deterred from venturing into Connaught. But in A. D. 1185, Donal Mór O'Brien, King of Thomond, who was one of the first to join them, taking advantage of the violent dissensions and wars then raging betwen the members of the house of O'Conor, made an incursion on the western parts of the province, “accompanied by a party of English,” who pillaged and destroyed the country, and burned houses and churches in their progress". After the lapse of a few years we find the English again in the province, led on by Cathal Crovedearg (or tá red-handed) O'Conor, King of Connaught’. The old territorial disputes sub«isting between the ©’Conors and 0’Flaherties were again revived. Cathal, the son of Hugh O'Flaherty, was slain by the son of Mortogh Midhe O'Conor. Roderic O'Flaherts lord of West Connaught. was taken prisoner by Cathal Crovdearg*’, who delivered him over to the English, by whom he was put to death’. Thus these infatuated men. hy their dissensions hastened their own impending doom, and entailed irretrievable bondage on their posterity. The thirteenth century introduced a new set of characters on the arena of Irish history. Of these one of the most remarkable was the Anglo-Norman De Burgo William Fitz-Adelm*. The posterity and followers of this man supplanted the O'Conor, O’Flaherties, and the other Celtic tribes of Connaught; whose descendants. with very few exceptions, were reduced to the condition of **hewers of wood and drawers of water.” In A.D. 1201, Cathal Crovdearg, and this William Fitz-Adelm, led an army of Irish and English into Tar-Connaught. This was the first appearance of the Ie ositiee, buried in it from the most remote antiquity, were collected by the people ofthe fort and surround. ing country, Similar‘ antiquities” may very likely be found on the drainage of the neighbouring lake, Corrib, new | 1846] in contemplation. h'Fhe O'Conor. Annals of Leinster, at AA. D.11; |. ' Four Masters. Td AL b. ?1ná. ‘Td A b. 1198. f Extracts from the Annals of Loughkee. in the library of the Royal Dublin Society, A.D. 1200, For this Reeleric, ser the Gen. Table PP. Nó. 20. He wascallal + pean Ruapiy na puag o loc Cimew ot Rery úr Roderic, of the onskaugehits or excursions from fouzh Kime: for which plow Se (INÍrC. © See Cambrensis, Hibernia Exyug, lit, ic 16 for the character of this vicious adventurer. With him the Trish annalists agree: yet Mac Geaghe gan, in his translation of the Annals of Clonsmac- noise, and Mac Firbis, in his account of the English families of Ireland, pr-erved in the library of the Roval Irish Academy, endeavour to defend him, a the plea of enmity in Cambrensig, and prejudee in the Annalists: but the arguments made we of ia his defenee would) be just as applicable to the ea- culpation of Judas. 379 De Burgos in this province. They passed the Easter at Cong, and while there, the sons of that Roderic O’Flaherty (who, as we have seen, had been previously betrayed by Cathal to the English, by whom he was put to death) conspired with Fitz-Adelm against Cathal ; “but,” say the Annalists, “ God saved him from their treachery’, through the intercession of the ecclesiastics, who were witnesses to their league of mutual fealty.” Enraged at the escape of the Irish prince, Fitz-Adelm spread destruction over his devoted kingdom. The Annals of Clonmacnoise record, that in A.D. 1204, “ William Burke took the spoyles of all the churches of Connoght, viz., of Clonvicknose, Clonfert, Milick, Killbyan; the churches of O’Fiaghragh, Twayme (Tuam), Kill-Beneoine, Killmaoyne (Kilmain), Mayo of the English (Cong) of St. Ffechine, the Abbey of Athedalaragh (Boyle), Ailfynn, Uaran, Ros- common, with many other churches. God and the patrons of these churches shewed their miracles upon him, that his entrails and fundament fell from his pri- vate place, and it trailed after him even to the very earth, whereof he died impe- nitently, without shrive or extream unction, or good buryall in any church in the kingdom, but in a waste town.” The same year Mortogh O'Flaherty, lord of Iar-Connaught, died’, whereupon Cathal Crovdearg expelled Mortogh’s son, Hugh, out of his territory of Moy-Seola, which he conferred upon his (Cathal’s) own son, Hugh*. This was followed by the death of Brian, the son of Roderic O'Flaherty’. Richard de Burgo, Lord of Connaught and Trim, son of William Fitz-Adelm, obtained grants of the entire province; and on the rath June, A. D. 1225", King Henry III. commanded William, Earl Marshall, lord justice of Ireland, to seize on “ the whole country of Connaught, and deliver it to Richard de Burgo.” The Connaught chieftains were at length awakened to a sense of the dangers which surrounded them, but even that did not prevent their unnatural dissensions. The whole country soon became a scene of confusion and blood. In these proceedings, which will be found fully detailed by our Annalists, Hugh O'Flaherty", chief of Iar- Connaught, acted a conspicuous part. He joined the sons of Roderick O'Conor against Hugh, king of Connaught (son of Cathal Crovdearg), who was leagued with the English b The Annals of Clonmacnoise relate, that the (No. 118), two generations given by O’Ferrall (Gen. conspiracy was “ by God prevented ; for they were by great oaths sworn to each other before, which whosoever would break was to be excommunicated with book, bell, and candle.” A. D. 1201. i! Four Masters. i Id. A.D. 1204. This Mortogh I conjecture to be the same as Muredach (No. 112), son of Hugh Table, III.), but omitted by Mac Firbis (Tab. II). k Id. A. D. 1207. ! Id. A.D. 1214. This Brian does not appear in the Gen. Tables. His father I take to be Rory of Lough Kime (No. 25). m Four Masters, A. D. 1225. n Gen. Table, No. II. 26. 3 C 2 380 English. These latter confederates, in A. D. 1225, invaded the country of O'Flaherty. and compelled him to surrender the islands of Inis-Creamha and Oilen na Circe, in lough Orbsen, together with all the vessels on the lake, to Hugh O'Conor. O’Fle herty then fortified himself in the fort at Bun na Gaillmhe (Le. at the mouth of the river of Galway), but he was soon after taken prisoner by O’Conor, and delivered up to the English. This was followed by his total expulsion out of Moy-Seola, which was seized by Richard De Burgo and his followers; who also possessed themselves ot the castle at the Gaillimh, where they erected another strong fortress. Hugh O*Fle herty and his people crossed Lough Oirbsen, and took possession of those western districts, to which the name of Iar-Connaught has, in after-times, been exclusively given. He was, therefore, the first of the O’Flaherties who could properly be called the chief of the territory now known by that name". In course of time his descen- dants acquired greater power in their new possessions, than perhaps their ancestors ever attained in their ancient inheritance. But the De Burgos thinking themselves insecure, as long as O'Flaherty maintained his independence in the West, they resolved to subdue him, or secure his adhesion. Accordingly, on the return of the English to Connaught with an army, in A. D. 1235. he was the first they determined to attack. Abandoned on all sides, and unable to contend with their superior force, wishing moreover to prevent the further effusion of blood and the plunder of his people, the humbled chief at length yielded, and e- tered into a treaty with them". He afterwards consented to assist them agaimt his This was the last and only disgraceful act of his lift. He After his death the English followers of Richard de Burgeo erected several castles throughout the territory of Muintir-Murchada and the adjoin ing districts’, Henry HI. King of England, in A.D. 1244, directed letters to several Irish chiefs. among others, as is said, to O'Flaherty", to attend the Lord Justice of Ireland and his torees to Scotland, ‘tad inimicos nostros tbidem eravandos.” old allies, the (’Conors. did not long survive it. A revonciliation having taken place with Seotland, the Connaught auxiliaries, under Felim O'Conor, joined Henry "Tt is probable that the O'Flaherties possessed seine local jurisdiction in these western districts an- terior to the above period, but there is né dinct evidence on the subject. Phe destruction of so many of our domestic records has necessarily left several matters of this local nature inexplicable in Erish history. b See pov. ante. when: our author alludes to the assistance yiven on thia uecasion: also p. 360. nete ®, and the Annals of the Four Masters, A. D. 12305. See ante, p. 4. note *, for further particulars af these procemMings; and some account of the desam- dants of those who settled here at the time. r Sir William Betham’s Antiy. Researches, p. 124 These letters may be seen in Rymer. vol. L 246: 381 Henry in an expedition to Wales, whence they returned victorious. Soon after which, Morogh O'Flaherty, and his brother Roderic’, laid their complaint before the King, stating, that their ancestors and themselves, though mere Irish, always shewed their fealty and service to him and his predecessors, by assisting the English to reduce the Irish. That they had, notwithstanding, been unjustly expelled from their territory, to which they humbly prayed to be restored. This appeal was favourably received by the King, who directed his letters to John Fitz-Geoffry, the Lord Justice, in the following words: “ Rex Justiciario Hibern. Salutem: Monstravit nobis Mamorch Offer- thierum' et Rothericus Frater ejus, quod antecessores sui, et ipsi (licet Hibernenses), semper tamen firmiter fuerunt ad fidem et servitium nostrum, et predecessorum nos- trum [it should be nostrorum], Regum Angl. ad conquestum una cum Anglicis facien- dum super Hibernenses, et ideo vobis mandamus quod si ita est, tunc non permittas ipsos M. et R. repelli, quin possint terras vindicare in quibus jus habent, sicut quili- bet Anglicus, quia si ipsi et antecessores sui sic se habuerunt cum Anglicis, quamvis Hibernenses, injustum esset licet Hibernenses sint quod exceptione qua repelluntur Hibernenses, 4 vindicatione terrarum et aliis repellantur.”— Prynne, 255. Upon this writ Cox observes, “the King did design that all the Irish, who would live as subjects, should have the benefit of the English laws".” It is probable that the King did so design, but it is certain that his rulers here designed otherwise. Happy would it have been, had the just feeling expressed in that letter, been always observed in Ire- land. But the O’Flaherties derived no benefit from the royal mandate. On the con- trary, their new territories, as if in despite of it, were soon plundered by the English. Walter de Burgo marched against them with an army, but was routed with consi- derable slaughter’. He soon after made another excursion against Roderic O'Flaherty; plundered his territory of Gnomore and Gnobeg (now called the barony of Moycullen), and seized upon Lough Orbsen with its islands". The persecuted chief was, at length, forcibly and in Leland, Vol. I. 220; but O'Flaherty does not appear in either. Sir William Betham, however, refers to a “ Close Roll in the Tower of London.” * See Gen. Table, II. No. 27. Neither this Morogh nor his brother is named in it. t This writ is given at A. D. 1253 by Cox, I. 66, from Prynne. The orthography shews that the An- glo-Normans of that day were sad bunglers at Celtic surnames. But Offerthierum is not farther from O'Flaherty, than Vinzaniozer is from Winches- ter, (Wintanceastra) for which see Milner’s valuable history of that city.—Vol. II. p. 294. ®* Cox, loc. cit. v Four Masters, A. D. 1248. w Id. A.D. 1256. In this year, the same An- nalists relate, that the son of Somairle (Sorly) Mac Donnell, sailed with a fleet from the Hebrides, (a n-inprb gall) to Conmaicne-mara, in Iar- Connaught, where he captured a merchant ship, and plundered its cargo of wine, cloth, copper, and iron. Jordan de Exeter, sheriff of Connaught, pur- sued him to a neighbouring island, where his ships 382 forcibly expelled from Iar-Connaught*, but his expulsion was only temporary; for he found, by experience, that it was safer to rely on the battle-axes of his bold Gallogies, than on appeals to the sovereign against Anglo-Norman outrage in Ireland. in his time the Joyces, a family of British extraction, settled in the northern part of the territory, by the permission and under the protection of the O'’F laherties. Before the close of the thirteenth century, the O’Flaherties became masters of the entire territory of Ilar-Connaught, extending from the western banks of Lough Orb- sen, to the shores of the Atlantic. Separated from the rest of the kingdom, in that peninsulated’, and then almost inaccessible district, they interfered but little in the external transactions of the province, and are, therefore, but seldom noticed in our Annals for the two succeeding centuries. With their neighbours, the ancient Clam Mailly, or O'Mailleys of Umhaill (Umadlia) or ‘ the Owles,” they lived on terms ef amity and mutual defence. But this friendly, and for both ‘ nations necessary al- liance, was interrupted by an untoward occurrence. In A.D. 1314, at sa meeting or conference between the chiets of both clans, a dispute took place, in which Owen O'Mailly, Cormac Cruim ©’Mailly, and several others, were slain by the people of O'Flaherty". In some time after, Connor, the son of Owen O’Mailly, made a descent on Iar-Connaught, which he plundered, and loaded his vessel with the spoils aad riches he had taken. But on his return home. his ship was cast away ‘ betweas Ireland and Aran,” and all the crew, except one man, perished’. Amongst the O’Fle- hertics themselves, feuds were frequent and violent during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Many of these will be found detailed in our Annals, where the reader will be enabled to identify several individuals named in the annexed Genealogical Tables’. Until were at anchor. An engagement took place, in which the sheriff and one of his knizhts were slain ; and Mac Sorly retumed home in triumph with his booty. x qd. A. D. 1273. On the Roll of the Pipe, 13, 15, Edw. L the following entry occurs: * Rothery ()'Flaverty reddit x. marcas de tine, pro pace haben- da."— Berm. Tower, Dublin. Y Vide ante, p. 1, note > and p, 57, note b, 2 This term was usually applied by the settlers to Chief of his nation.” which occurs so often in the Anglo-Nor- express the Irish clan, tribe, or family. man reconta, meant chief of his clan. It was some- times applied to the settler themselves. Thus, é William Blake and the rest of his nation. “— -fnte, p. 216 4 Four Masters. b Id. A.D. 1396. Our author, Roderic O'Flaherty, in his MS notes to the Annals of the Four Master, preserved in Trin. Col, Lib. Dublin, staten, that on this occasion, the son of Cathal bwidhe O'Flaherty was killed: and that thirty-three of the O'Malleys were drowned. It would appear that the strife did net end with this, for the same Annals further relate, thes ia A. D. 1418, " Roderic, son of Morogh 0’ Fiahunty (Gen. Table, I. No, 32). Roderic, son of Dermot: df (Flaherty (Id. No. 31), and sixteen others of the (1 Flaherties were drowned in the bay of Umaliliia,* probably when on a similar plundering execuraies. « Sew the Annals of the Four Masters. ad am 1416, - 383 Until late in the sixteenth century, the English knew as little of Iar-Connaught or its people, as did their forefathers, in the days of Sir John Maundevyle, of ‘ the land of Prestre John or the men of Inde.” Leonard Lord Gray, towards the end of the reign of Henry VIII, was the first Deputy of Ireland who deigned, or rather ven- tured, to approach these western regions. Thus he wrote to the King in A. D. 1538, é to the same towne (Galwey) cam to me Hugh Offart chieff capitayne of his countre called Oyle’, and submittyd’.” This submission was expressed in the following curious indenture, between His Majesty and the “ Chieff,” to which the latter af- fixed his seal, for he could not subscribe his name:— é Heec Indentura facta xiii? die Julii, apud villam Regis de Galwey, a° xxx” Illustrissimi Regis Henrici VIII. inter dictum potentissimum Dominum nostrum, Hen- ricum VIII. ex parte una, et Hugonem O’Flarte capitaneum patrie sue, ex parte altera; Testatum, concordatum, concessum, et conventum fore, inter dictum illustrissimum dominum Regem nostrum et prefatum O’Flarte, per presentes, et prefatus O’Flarte concedit pro se heredibus et successoribus suis, quod ipsi et eorum quilibet qui erunt capitanei patrie sue, solvant aut faciant predicto Domino Regi, heredibus et succes- soribus suis Regibus Anglie, per annum c'. ster. et eosdem denarios, solvend. esse sub-thesaurario dicti domini Regis, regni sui Hibernie, ad usum dicti domini Regis, semel in anno, ad festum sancti Michaelis archangeli: Et preterea, prefatus Hugo O’F larte concedit, pro se, heredibus et successoribus suis, quod ipsi et quilibet eorum qui erunt capitanei, invenire debent Regis deputato, pro tempore existente, ad omne com- mune viagium, quod erit constitutum per Regis deputatum, xl. turbarios bene ordi- natos, secundum formam belli, sumptibus suis propriis. In cujus rei testimonium, pre- fatus capitaneus presentibus sigillum suum apposuit, die, loco, et anno supradictis.”— Irrot. in offic. Vice-thesaurar. Dub. At 1415, 1422, 1439, 1503. One of our author’s MS. of Enachduin. But this is doubtful, for I have not notes to the Four Masters (see last note, ») is as fol- lows: “Brianus OF O'Flaherty, (-1. Brian na noinseach) occidentalis Connacie heres, a Rickardo O§ de Burgo captus.— MS. L. Mac Firb. 68.” Hugh Mor O'Flaherty nach glacadh airgead, who would not take money (supposed to have been so called per antiprasim; see Sir Henry Piers’ description of West Meath, in Vallancey’s Collect. vol. I. p. 114, Ed. 1770), who was the chief of the name in A. D. 1400, is stated in the Book of Pedigrees, Office of Arms, Dublin, to have in that year built the church found it verified by any other authority. This chief is No. 80 in Gen. Table, II. Morogh (31), son of Brien (30), died A. D. 1419.—Four Masters. Gil- duff, his brother (31), died A. D. 1442.— Id. 4 From this it is evident that the Lord Deputy did not know even the name of Hugh O’Flaherty’s country; but finding that a river called Aille, ran through it (which river is now called the Ally, abain na h-Clille, see map, et ante p. 62, note *), he gave the name of the river to the district. ¢ State Papers, Lond. 1884, Vol. iii. p. iii. p. 61. 384 At this time a young chief was growing up in the west, who was destined to per- fourm a conspicuous part in the affairs of Iar-Connaught, for nearly the remainder of the sixteenth century. This was the celebrated and still remembered Morugi: ra d-tuadh [Murrough of the buttle-axes"] O'Flaherty”, who was hereditary chieftain of the ter- ritory of Gnomore, which formed the northern portion of the present barony of Mos- eullen in the county of Galway. This individual became the most distinguished and powerful of his name, having been appointed by Queen Elizabeth chieftain or head of all the O’Flaherties, although he was not of the senior branch. On succeeding to hu inheritance, he made the castle of Fuathaidh" (ough) his principal residence : and frum thence he nade frequent incursions on the territory of Thomond, and on the posees- sions of the English in the vicinity of Lough Orbsen. At length, Conor O’Brien the third Earl of Thomond, provoked by his aggressions, marched against him, in A. D. 1560, with an army. The Earl proceeded from Thomond through the territory of Clanrickard, until he came to the ford of Tir-oilean (Zirelan), now corruptly ( Terry- fond), near Galway. Here he was opposed by some of the citizens, whe endeavoured w prevent his passage, but, having been supported by others, he crossed the ford. and continued his course through the country of the Joyces, by the castle of Fusthaidh, and Bonbonan mountain. Morrough retreated before him towards the western mountains, and the Earl. unable to come up with him, was forced to return. without having achieved any action worthy of so perilous an expedition’. Soon after this, the Earl of Clanrickard undertook an expedition against Morrough, as well to prevent his incursions on the Earl's territory of Muintir Murchadha, (now the barony of Clare) as to put the country of lar-Connaught under contribution. He accordingly, in A.D. 1564. dispatched a considerable body of troops to lar-Connaught. Morrough, as before, retired to his fastnesses ; whereupon the Earl took the prey of the whole country, consisting of numerous herds of cattle, which his people drove on to wards the pass at Galway. on their way to Clanrickurd. These were pursued by Morrough with a chosen party. who overtook them at Trabane (the white strand), about two miles west of Galway; and an engagement took place, in which the Earl's troops were entirely defeated. An account of this occurence, written at the time, states that “the Earl's people were forced to turn their bucks, and the most part of them were f According to tradition, he was se called from —the ancient [rish. having obtained a great victery over a superior g Gen. Table, I No. 36. force, with a small body of pralloslasses, armed only b This castle was situate near the present teen with battle-axes.--.See Ware's Antiq. by Harris, ch of Ouhterard.—See aate, p. 53, note 5. xxi, for the use of this formidable weapon amongst i Four Masters. 385 were drowned in the sea and river of Galway;” derisively adding, that “some got over the river, but such was their apprehension of death, that they knew not how. Timor pedibus addidit alas’.”” This affair was of too serious a nature to be overlooked by the Government. It was debated whether the turbulent chieftain should be over- come by force, which, considering the difficulty of access to his country, would be at- tended with considerable trouble; or whether he ought not to be gained over by con- ciliation, and be thereby made a fitting instrument to keep the remainder of his name and kindred in subjection. Happily for Morrough and his descendants, the latter course was determined on. He was proffered a free and general pardon for all his offences; and that he should, moreover, be appointed by the Queen to the rule or chieftainship of the whole country of Iar-Connaught. He accepted the terms; and, accordingly, a pardon issued under the great seal, to “ Morgho ne doo O’Flarte of Mogh (Fough) in the province of Connaght, gent., for all murders, homicides, killings, &c by him at any time heretofore committed ;” in consideration whereof, he promised to ‘‘ observe the Queen’s peace, to appear and answer at all sessions within the province whenever called upon, and to satisfy the demands of all the Queen’s subjects, accord- ing to justice and equity*.” This pardon was accompanied by letters patent, constitut- ing him chieftain of Iar-Connaught. The curious instrument by which that mere Irish jurisdiction was, through necessity, countenanced and legalized by the Queen, is here given from the original :— é“ Elizabetha Dei gratia, Anglie, Francie et Hibernie Regina, fidei defensor, &c. om- nibus ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, salutem. Sciatis quod nos, de vera obe- diencia J See p. 60, ante ; also Dutton’s Statistical Survey co. Galway, p. 241. About this time a horrible scene of outrage occurred in Iar-Connaught among the O'Flaherties. Hugh og (Gen. Table, II. No. 33), chief of the territory of Gnobeg, which compri- sed the southern portion of the present barony of Moycullen), being old and infirm, his son, Mortagh (Id. No. 84), assumed the chieftainship. Some dif- ferences having arisen between him and Donall Crone (Id. No. 34), then chief of all the O'Flaher- ties, and the septs of Edmond O'Flaherty (Id. No. 34), and of Moriertagh reagh ; these all conspired against Mortagh of Gnobeg, and murdered him and four of his children. They then took the old chief, Hugh, and him they imprisoned in his castle of Moy- cullen, where they ‘‘detained him without meat or IRISH ARCH. SOC. IS. drinke until he died by famyn.” These malefactors were at the time branded with the name of “ mur- derers.” Their avowed object was to wrest the terri- tory of Gnobeg from the descendants of Gilduff, (Id. No. 31), by cutting off the entire race; but in that they failed, for an infant child of Mortagh, viz. Rory or Roderic (Id. No. 35), was preserved, and succeeded to the inheritance. It will be seen in the Geneaological Table, that this Rory was grand- father of our author (Id. No. 37). It does not ap- pear that Morrough of the battle-axes had any hand in this transaction ; but that he had formed designs on Gnobeg will appear in the sequel. k Original Fiant of Queen Elizabeth, preserved in the Rolls’ Office, Dublin, File xvii. No. 1184. 3 D 386 diencia Woroghe ne do M° Teiye CO" Flartye erga nos et successores nostros, qui se ad capitaneatum patrie de Ehyrconaght humiliter petiit per nos admitti; propteres quod Donaldus Crone O’Flarty, nunc capitaneus patrie predicte, non est sufficiens nec ide neus ad officium illud exercendum, nec in ullo regimine et gubernatione expertus, ad illam patriam gubernandam, minusque habilis ad capitancatum illud exequendaum tum etiam propter disobedienciam suam : nes igitur plurimum contidentes, cundem Morogh ne do MS Teige O’Fflartie, de gratia nostra speciali, ac ex certa scientia et mero motu nostris, ex assensu predilecti et fidelis consiliarii nostri Henrici Sidney, &e deputati nostri generalis regni nostri Hibernie, capitaneum patric predicte numinamus, ordinamus, preficimux et. deputamus, per presentes; habendum, tenendum et occu- pandum dictum officium capitaneatus patrie predicte, cum omnibus et singulis com- moditatibus, proficuis, advantagiis, pertinenciis, et emolumentis quibuscunque eidem officio quomedolibet spectantibus, eidem Moroghe ne do M' Teige O’Fflartie, quam diu se bene gesserit ut noster fidelis subditus, ac patriam predictam et nostros bonos subditos in eadem rite tuerit et gubernaverit; accedatque ad nostrum deputatum, sea alium vel alios dicti regni nostri gubernaturem sive gubernatores pro tempore existen- tes, et ad concilium regni nostri predicti, quandocunque et quotiescunque sic ad ews aceedere habnerit in mandatis. Ac insuper volumus et concedimus, quod predietus Morogh ne dó Mt Teig O’Filartie sulvet prefuto deputato nostro, pro fine nominstionis ejusdem Morogh ne do M° Teig O’Ftlartic, ac admissione sua ad capitaneatum predic- tum, quadraginta pingues vaccas, et eas liberet apud Galwey, secundum placitum et voluntatem deputati nostri predicti; reservatis semper nobis et successoribus nostris, omnibus et singulis talibus juribus, servitis, oneribus et demandis, que extra patriam predictam, de antiquo, exeunt et nobis sunt debita; et idem Morogh ne do M* Tew (YFilurtie, ratione capitunvatus sui predicti, prestare et solvere tenetur. Eo quod expressa mentio, &e. In cujus rei, &e. Teste &c. Datum 20° die Octobris, anno regni undecimo!,” A. D. 1569. In the interesting account of the battle of Shruel, given by the Four Masters. A. D. 1§70, it is stated, that Morrough of the battle-axes was present with the Bourkes af Mayo, and tought in that battle against the Queen’s forces. This appears somewhat unaccountable, particularly after his recent adhesion and appointment. But it may he possible that he was mistaken by the Annalists for some other chief of the name”. All ' Rot. Pat. de anny 12° Eliz. fae. treasons, munlers, &c., granted under the gress sal ™ This is merely conjectural. The Four Masters to Murrouch of the battle. axes, by Queen Elizabuth are sldom wrong. It is a singular fact, that thene But these political indulgences were encouraged as are on record, no Jess than tive general pardons. for sources Of revenue, from the fines which thev produced. 387 All the O’Flaherties, particularly those of Conmaicne-mara and Gnobeg, became in- censed at Murrough for “ joining the Queen of the English;” but above all, for pre- suming, under pretence of her authority, which they despised, to claim any jurisdiction to the disparagement of Donell Crone (the mighty or valiant) O'Flaherty", the legiti- mate chief whom they all acknowledged. To the same Annalists the reader is again referred for subsequent transactions; particularly in A. D. 1572, by the Mac an Iarlas, the sons of the earl of Clanrickard. These ‘‘ graceless impes,” as they are termed by Holinshed, levied an army and broke out into open rebellion against the Catlleac gpdnoa, “the ugly hag,” as they themselves commonly called the Queen. Amongst other projects, they resolved to penetrate into Iar-Connaught, and seize and fortify the strongholds there, as ultimate places of retreat, to enable them to hold out the longer against the govern- ment. Morrough of the battle-axes communicated their plan to the president of the Province, who immediately proceeded, with his disposable force and cannon, to Tar-Connaught; and laid seige to the strong castle of Achadh na n-Iubhar (Aghnanure), then held by the descendants of Donel] O'Flaherty, who were dis- affected to the State, and ready to join the Mac an Jarlas. The President having taken the castle, delivered it to Morrough, by whom it was soon after re-fitted and fortified® ; and it thenceforth became the principal residence of himself and his de- scendants. After this, he rapidly increased in power and possessions, or, as described by one of his contemporaries, he ‘‘waxed stronge.” The Queen had it in contemplation to raise him to the dignity of the peerage’, by creating him a baron, but that inten- tion was not carried into effect. Although, in general, he preserved his “loialtie to the State,” more through policy than inclination, yet he was guilty of frequent and violent acts of injustice against his less powerful kindred and neighbours. Of those outrages, I select one, which shall be told in the words of the parties concerned; and will be found to present a curious picture of the state of society at this period in Iar- Connaught. ‘ To the right honorable Sir John Perrott, knight, lo: deputy of her Majesties realm of Ireland. A.D. 1584. ‘‘Complaynninge sheweth unto your honnorable good lordshipp, your poore and dayly orator Roger Fflahartie of Moycullin*’ in the county of Gallwaie, that wher he hath n Gen. Table, II. No. 34. of Banagher was rebuilt by O'Carroll! in A. D. 1544. o About this period several of the Irish chiefs —— Four Masters. built and repaired castles in various parts of the P See antc, p. 307, note, par. 10. kingdom. Thus we find that the castle of Leitrim 8 Our Author’s grandfather. See ante, p 309, was built by O'Rourke in A. TD. 1540, and the castle D note 4, 3 2 388 hath been verie unjustlie and tiraniously expulsed out of his lands and inheritance of Gnobegg, in the said countie. and his castle of Moycullin aforesaid taken, spoyled, and raised, his corne burnt, and his goods and cattles forciblie taken away by one Jforeghe ne doe O’ Fflahartie, and his sonnes and ffollowers; and the renntes and profhitts of his said launds detained these ten years past, with certaine unlawfull contribuciuns and ymposicions, also taken and exacted by the said Morogh, uppon and out of your orator’s said Jaund of Gnobeg, countrarie to law and equitie, as by a note hereof hereunto annexed more particulerly doth appere: notwithstandinge that her Ma- jestie’s most honnorable privie counsaile, hath written their letters unto the IL Justices of this realme, and the governnor of Connaght, for abolishinge of the said unlawfull ymposicions and exactions; contrary to divers orders sett down by the severall governors of this realme, for redresse of the harmes comitted untu your orator by the said Moroghe. And for as much as the said Moroghe never came in to any eessions Without protection or some other assurance, and never suffreth any of ber Majestics officers to come into this countrey (a greater prerogative than any subject ought to be permitted to have) whercby your orator could geatt no kind of restitucion or remedy against him, to his utter undoinge and to his domadges of the some sett downe in the said note. It may please your lo. to take such order as the said Moroghe maie be compelled to make satisfaction of the premisses, and to desist from henctorth to exact any such thinge out of the said countrey, nor interupt your orator in the quiet and peaceable possession of his said inheritaunce, and he shal] pray."— Er Orig. “A brief noate of such lostes and domadges as Roger Fflahertie of Moycullin gent. hath sustained by Moroghe na doe O’ F flahertie, his sonnes and followers, thes tenne yeures past. May, 1584. 1. Ftirst, the said Moroghe have taken upp everie yeure out of the said 1 Rogers owne laundes and Inheritaunce of Gnobege, and unlawfull contribucon, never used afore his time, of the some of XL." per ann. to un.” de. say XX." out of the Spedle, and xx." out of Tollekihain and Balle Imulgauin. So it amounts theis ten years, cc." 2 Itim, he hath received of rente out of the said Rogers landes of Bocunan, Coyll Roe, Garmant and Qhaire, the some of ten" sterr. t.' ís. per ann. menting theis ten yeares, ¢.” . Cunamara, vix, Balle n'Enry, Baille 1 luy, Baille m‘leymie, and | UL" cama Ryne myll Ohuoy, the some of XL. cowes and XX." In níoney per ann. It.” de J 3. Ium, he hath received yearely out of the said Rogers laundes |“ Which ainounteth for theis teun yeares iii cowes and iS" in money 389 4. Itim, he hath received out of the said Rogers laundes of Moycullin, to say, in beoves, corne, butter, and money, xL." per ann. which amounteth theis ten years to the sum of iiii.“!, with xL." yearely out of Inish m* Trier, maks 5. Itim, in an order for buyldinge the castle and towne of Moy Cullin 1 aforesaid, rased, burned, and spoyled by him the said Morogh, his Í ut é. sonnes and followers, the som of ii." 6. Itim, contained in the said Rogers booke againste the said Moroghe and his sons and ffollowers, in prayes, burning of corne and houses, besides other spoyles, and murtherin of his tenauntes, the some of VIII.” LVI." 7. Itim, the said Rogers chardges theise ten yeares, in prosecutinge and | followinge theis suits, cometh to the some of ." sterr. III.” XX. dz. vu. Lv. i. 1.7 U4. — Ex orig. Sum totall is Í oidi é The aunswere of Moroghe ne doe. é“ Thereunto cometh the said Moroghe and saieth, that he knoweth not what landes or tenementes doth the complainante demande, for the truth is, that Gnovegg is a great pice of a countrie, wherein many ffreeholders and gent., as well of other nacons and surnames as of the Fflaherties, hath severall inheritaunces and freholds, for which eich of them are to make answer, when the said Roger doe or will exhibit complaint against them; wherfore this deff. praieth that the pl. may be compelled to lay downe in his bill, in certain, what towns and laundes he doth demaunde of the said deff., that he may make answer thereunto. And as to the rasinge and breaking downe of the castle of Muckullin, the deff. saieth that divers notorious traytours, as Williame Negillaghe O’Hallowran, and divers other notable traytours and malefactours of the said O’Hallorans, did garde and kepe the said castle, who made daily incursions out of the said castle uppon her Ma™* good subjectes that dwelled in the countrie there- aboutes, and comitted divers roberies, spoiles, and owtrages uppon her Ma“ said subjectes, to ther greate hindraunce, and to the open breach of her Ma™ peace ; for redresse whereof the said deff. was forced, being then as nowe he is, chief captain of that countrie, to raise upp aforce of her Ma" subjectes to withstand and represse the owtragious disorder of the said treytours, which he could be no meanes bringe to passe till such tyme as he toke the said castle, which then, for the comon quiet, he rased and defaced some part thereof, fearinge least the said malefactours, or others of lick disposicions, would inter in the said castle againe, and of new fall to the comittinge of 39° of like hurttes: without that he burned any corne in the said towne and castle. cr toke any goods from thence, which if he had, as in dede he did not, he thincketh that he maie lawfullie doe, secinge that the said traitours wer with the corne and cattle of the said towne (yf any ther wear) from tyme to tyme relived and maintained, as the said deff. can sufficiently prowe; without that the said Morogh hath tiranously or wrongfullie expulsed, or in any other maner deseised the said Roger of the said castle, as in the bill is slaunderously alledged ; and without that the said castle and towne doe wholly belong to the said pl. And as to the goods, money, cowes, rente, and other thinge taken owt of the townes, laicd down in the first, second, and third article annexed unto the compl’ bill, the said Moroghe saicth, that whatsoever he hath taken owt of the said towns, that he is not to make any answer unto the pl. ther- fore, for that of verie truth, neither the thinge taken, nor the lande mencioned in the said articles, are not the proper goodes nor in any wise the lande of the pL But for verie truth and to satistie your Honnor, rather then of any necessitie that he ought to answer the plaintif, he saicth that he is, by her Ma"* apvintm', capten and chief both of his conntrey and nacon, in right whereof’ as a perquisitt, rennt, and chiefferie belonginge to the said captain, he doth and did take upp yearely, accurdinge to the custome of the said countrie, such dewties as belongeth to the said captenshipp, es all those (tyme out of mynd hath done before him) that had and enjoyed his rome, which, as the deff. thinketh, is that thinge that the compl. laicth downe in the said Articles to be wrongfully taken. And as to the beoves, corne, and other thinge tuken owt of Muckellin contained in the fowerth article, the deff. saieth that he toke no more there then that which he ought to have taken as in right of his said capten- shipp, which in dede is not nere so much as the compl. complaincth of, yf it be any thinge at all, and withall saicth, that if ther were any cause of complaint, as in dede there is not, that the compl. hath no cause to complaine but only for the vin® parte, for, in truth, he is not, nor in right ought not to have, but only the eight parte of that towne and castle; and as tur the order mencioned in the vth article, he saieth he ought not in conscience to be tied or hindered thereby, for that he was never called to answer thereunto, and that the said order was taken onely uppon bare suggestions of the compl. To the vi" article the deif. saieth that he knoweth not what is mencioned in the boukes of the compl, which, when he shall see, will make such answer there- unto as beeometh. And saicth further, that he thineketh (not confessinge any thinge in the said article to be true) that the compl. tenanntes never had so many kyne And as to the vn" article, he saieth that he is not bounde by lawe nor conscience to answer any chardges that the compl. was at. for that if he did spend so much, that the same was for his owne pleasure, and not of any necessitie that be was drivwen into aill 391 into by the deff., for the deff. did never at any tyme withhold or kepe any thinge from him that of right he ought to have. And the said deff. saieth further, that if he were, as in dede he is not, to answer or satisfiie the compl. for any wronge. domadges, chardges, reparacons, or other demaundes what soever, that nowe he is clerely dischardged thereof, by reason that it was fully agreed betwixt the said Roger and Moroghe na doe, that the said Roger should cleerly forgive all manner of wronges, enjuries and demaundes whatsoever he had against the said Moroghe, in con- sideracon that he, the said Morogh, should give leave and permitt the pl. to build the castle of Mockullin, and that the said Moroghe should lickwise release and forgive all manner of demandes that he had against the compl., save onely such right he lawfullie hath to the said castle, as by good and sufficient prouf shall apere before your honnor.” é Referred to Sir Richarde Binghame, Knt., to take order thereon. Jo. PERROTT.” — Orig. The foregoing documents are preserved in the old collegiate library of Galway. The following testimony, afterwards given between the contending parties, has been abstracted from the Patent Roll, de anno 29° Eliz’. “ Depositions taken ad perpetuam rei memoriam the xx" Aug. 1585. “ TEIGE NE BULLY O’FLARERTY’*, of the Arde, in the county of Galway, esq., of the adge of threescore years or there-aboutes, saieth, that Gnobegg was the auncient enheretance of Gilleduff O’Flahertie; that he had it to him and to his children ; and that he died seized thereof and his heires had it after him. Also saith there was an elder brother that had no parte or portion of Gnobegg, but had his porcon in another place, called Gnomore. Gnobegg doth conteyne the townes of Moycullen, and is the chief towne in the same, and also the chief towne of Clonduff, the townes of Bally- nacgillevay, Theowre, Killeahin, Curraghduff, the town of Cosshoone, the towne or great quarter of Barney, the towne of Forbaugh, the quarter of Spiddell, the Kcy]- leroe, Moyaskrogh and Bocnua, the towne of Ogharry, the towne of Tulkian, the towne of Mulgorme, the towne of Ballequirke, the towne of Curcullen, the parcelles of land called Lettermillanie and Germana, the islande called Inish M‘a trire, with the lands of Connomarra, Airdbeara, Baillenlemy, Baile-I-wile, and Runvyleohway. Gnobegg is bounded from Srwan I gravan hard to Galway, saveinge the liberties, and so alonge the ryver of Donkeylie' to Galway aforesaid by easte. Hughe More M° Gylleduff was son and heire to Gilleduff, and his best son, and was possessed of all Gnobegg. Hugh Oge O’Flahertie, grandfather to Roger O’Flahertie, was son to the said Hugh more, and the premisses dissended to him, and that the said Hugh oge was seised of Moycullen to him and his heirs, and died seized of the same. Saith, that Moriertagh r Rolls Office, Dublin. s Gen. Table, II. No. 35. ! See ante, p. 62, note 2. 392 Moriertagh O’Fflahertic, father to the said Roger, was son and heire unto the said Hugh oge, and he never knew any of that nacon to clayme anie thinge of the pre misses but he; that there is no other sonnes to the said Roger, and that he is his right and lawfull son and heire. For cause of knowledge saith, that he knew the said Murtagh to be married to Evelin ny Kirevan, during which mariadge the seid Roger was borne. That O’Flahertie did use to cate meate amongst them. and monic paied to him. That he herd the secte of the parcelles, now inhabitors of the said landes, confesse that there was due to the secte of Gilleduff 40 pence sterlinge of annuall reut, but nowe of late Morogh ne do waxing stronge, took the rent he herd saie. ‘Connor Conny O’DowRran (Duane) of Bonoen, agreth with the said Teigein mat- ter and substance. Saith, that he is serjeant of O’Ftlahertics countrie, and so was his father before him; and that he heard the premisses of his father and other auncient men, and thereof? in his own tyme did see verye muche. * JoHN BLEY, priest, of the adge of 70 yeares or thereaboutes, saith, that for Gille- duff he did not knowe him, but he sawe and knewe his sept to have and enjoy the foresaid Gnobege. The cause of his knowledge is, that he was parish priest of the said Gnobegg all that time, being about fortie yeres agoe, and amongest the henefac- tors of the churche did finde him written, and did pray for him accordinge their customs, Agreeeth with the first precontest in all points, and touching all the townes and landes aforesaid, savinge Leytermylian, Garmana, Connomarra, and Inche m' Atrire. Saith, that Mortagh O’Fflahertie, son to the said Hugh Ove, and father to the sayd Roger, was slayn in the said castle of Moycullen; & ther is no doubt but that the said Roger O'Flahertie is the right and Jegittimate son and heire to the said Murtagh, for he saieth, that the said Mortagh and Evelin Kirevan, his wife, were maried, and, as he remembreth, yt was himself that baptized the said Roger. * Dermott Mac Mcrrovucue of Ballymulgromie. in said co., of the adge of 6c years, saicth that Hugh oge was son to Hugh more, aforesaid; and was “ Flaherty,’ and father unto Murtagh, father unto the said Roger, and was seized of the towne of Moyeullen, with the appurtenances afuresaid, before he was O'Flahertie and after. and thereof died seized; and further saith he, to prove the same true, the said Murtagh was slayne by the sect of Edmond O'Flahertie. viz Bryen O'Flaherty, and Donel] Crona, who is yet alyve, and the sect of Moriertagh Reogh, together, and four of his son and that the said Hugh oge, then ©*Flahertie, and grandfather to the sald Roger, was taken by the .nurderers, and with them detayned without meate and drunke, untill he died by famyn att Meyeullen aforesaid. That O*Flahertie, us. Hugh oge, and his son Murtagh O'Flaherty, had cute of the islands Eddy the annual] rent of ten grotes sterling, as their inheritance. That he is a freeholder in that 393 that country, and were borne in the said Gnobegg, and hath remembrance thereof these fiftie yeares, and hath kept howse uppon and within the same, cheefe thirteen yeares, and so deposed. “TEIGE Mac FynninE O'HALLORAN of Ohayry in the said countie, gent., of the adge of 70 yeares, sworn, saith, that O’Flahertie had services and duties out of every parte of Gnobegg, and that he himself did paie him duty oute of his own land when he dwelled under him. That the said Roger’s auncestors had an annuall rent oute of the Islands Eddy, but what some certaine he knoweth not. The cause of his knowledge in the premisses is, that he was born in the said Gnobegg, att Renveile-Owhoye, and dwelt in Gnobegg many yeres, until aboute 8 or 9 yeres agoe he was driven away and thrust oute of his castles and lands by his kinsmen, Moroghe ne doo, since which time he hath dwelt in Clanricard. “ OwEN M° TEIGE of Clonduff in the said county, gent., of thadge of 60 yeres, saith, that Hugh oge was son to the s* Hugh more, and ‘lord O’Flahertie :” that he herd say that Roger, his predecessor, had as of anuall rent the some of 3" 4* oute of the Islands of Eddy ; the cause of his knowledge is, that he sawe the said Roger's grandfather, Hugh oge O’Flahertie, aforesaid, to be ‘ Lord O’Flahertie’ in the pre- misses, and never sawe any man to speake any thinge against him in the same, and was born in the countrie, as in Clonduff, and there hath dwelled all his life. “ DERMoTT M° BRIEN of Tullykean in the said com., gent., of thadge of so yeres, saith, that the said Hugh oge was ‘ O’Flahertie,’ and died seized of the premisses as of his inheritaunce, and was son to the said Hugh more; and to verefie the same, he saith that when his son, Mortagh O’Flahertie, was slayn in Moycullen, he himself was taken by the murderers and detayned by them untill he died at Moycullen. “ OweEN M*° DERMop O'HALLARAINE of Barney, gent., of thadge of so yeres, saith Hugh more was son to Gilleduff, as he hath hard, and had the premisses, and was chief lord; and Hugh oge was son to the said Hugh more, and was ‘O’Ffla- hertie.’ “ MogoGH M°GILLEDUFF SHoyocu (Joyce) of Sean Ballyard gent., of thadge of 40 yeres, saith that Roger’s auncestors had 8" 4* sterling of annuall rent oute of the Islands Eddy, for he sawe the same paid to the said Roger’s father, Moriertagh O'Fflahertie. The cause of his knowledge is, that he was bredd and borne in Gnobegg, and there lyved and dwelt until the said Roger’s father and brethern were there slayne, and then they were all thrust oute by Moroghe ny doo. ““MoRERTAGH M° DoNELL of the Spiddle gent., of thadge of 60 yeres, saith, that Hugh more M*Gilleduff was “O'Flaherty,” and held all Gnobegg as well before he was ‘O'Flaherty’ as after, and thereof died seized as of his inheritaunce; that Hugh IRISH ARCH. SOC. IS. 3E oge 394 oge was seised of the premisses as of his inheritaunce; that Moriertagh father to the said Rover was son to the said Hugh oge, and was slayne with four of his sonnes att Moycullen; and that there belongeth to that (Gilleduff’s) sect out of Island Eddy 3" 4" sterling, for he was with Morertagh, father to the said Roger, in Gallway. drinking wine, when the same was paid to him by the Parcelles.”"—Orig. Roll. These disputes were probably arranged, about the time that the Composition was entered into in September, 1585, with Sir John Perrott, for the Queen‘. Immediately previous to that measure, and as part of the preparation for it, the degree of knight- hood was conferred on Morrough of the battle-axes ; but so far was that long-contem- plated arrangement from pacifying the province, that it appears rather to have occa- sioned the outrages which followed". The indenture was scarcely signed, when Sir Richard Bingham, himself a party to it, “ dispatched seven or eight bands of soldiers” to Jar-Connaught, who plundered and burned the country of Sir Morrough, and slew “men, women, and children” indiscriminately throughout the entire district’. These proceedings xo enraged the ill-treated chieftain, that he at once forgot his new ~ degree of knight-hode,” abandoned all his former deep and cautious policy, and, in an evil é So hostile were the O'Flahertices to the Compo- sition, that not one of the name, except Murrough himself, acknowledged or executed the indenture ; they would not even allow any of the other freeholders of the district te appear on the occasion, The clause alluding to "' the just dealings of Sir Richard Biny- hame” (see aate, p. 312), was considered so falae and insulting, that they unanimously refuse to subscribe to it. That extraordinary man was uni- versally detested by the native Irish. | They con- sidered him as a sanguinarv monster, and full dearly An ac- count of his proceedings, and there are abundant did he make them pay for the imputation. materials for it, would form a most interesting: piece of Trish history. ‘Sir Murrough steadfastly adhered to the Campo- sition until he was forced into rebellion, aa above, In A.D, 1585, he atteuded the Parliament which met in Dublin. While there, an information was exhi- bited against him by one William Sweete, to recover the penalties ineurred under the Act 10 Hen. VEL, For that. on the 1st April, in the 27th vear of the Queen - reign, the said Morreche acainst Retainers : moment, ne Dowe, knight, at Kilmaynham, in the cvanty d Dublin, rvtamed in his service Wiliam Martyrs, Anthony Lynch Fitz-Thomas, Stephen Eo Freach, and Cornelius O’Halleran, of the town of Galway. merchants; and gave to them four several cloaks fr their livery, to serve him, the said Morroghe ua Dowe, knight, as reteyners, against the form of the statute aforesaid ; wherefure the aforesaid Willan Swecte, as well fur the said laity the Queen, as fr himself, sevks the advice of the Court in the pre mises, and that the afuresaid Morroghe ne Dewe. knight, shall forfeit £40; viz. for every of the affore- said persons no by him retained £20, amd that the same William a moiety thereof may have. according to the form of the statute.” ke — Ret. Mem. in Offie. Cup. Rem. Scace. de an. 28° Eliz. ¢ Among the slain was Owen, the eldest san df Lanhnaill an chugaidh (Gen. Table, IT. No. 37), eba and his brother. Morogh, were named as contracting part ies in the deil of Composition dated a few months Their incther was the celebrated Gras See aate, p. 309. nute © befor, Wreale. 395 moment, joined the confederates, and raised the standard of rebellion against the Queen. In the numerous conflicts which followed, and which will be found detailed in the Annals so often referred to, his losses were immense. His country was repeat- edly plundered, and several of his sons (of whom he had twelve) and grandsons were slain and executed. These reverses brought Sir Morrough to his senses. He soon repented of his rashness, suddenly withdrew from the confederacy, repaired to Dublin, submitted, and craved pardon. He then surrendered all his titles and possessions to the Crown, in the following terms: ““ Know all men that I Sir Morough ne doe O’Flahertie knight, do hereby sur- render all my castles and lands within the baronies of Moycullen, Rosse and Ballyna- hinchy, in the county of Galway [the castles and lands are all named), and also that I do disclaim and surrender, for ever, the name and title of chieftain, and the name of O’Flshertie, and all Irish customs to the same name belonging: Provided always that this surrender shall not affect the right of any other person, to any of the pre- misses aforesaid. Sealed with my seal, the roth day of January, in the 3oth year of the Queen’s reign. Mem. quod die et anno supradictis, prefatus Murogh ne doe O’Flahertie, apud domum de Sancto Sepulcro juxta Dublin, scriptum supradictum ut ejus sursum-redditionem cognovit, ac ut factum suum in manibus venerand. &c. Adami Dublin Archiepiscopi‘, ad usum Domine Regine, ultro et sponte tradebat— MORGHE NE DOE -+ is marcke*’.” This surrender was followed by a pardon, and a grant of all his manors, lordships, castles, and lands ‘‘in O’Flahertie’s country, in the baronies of Moculyne, Ballinehensie and Rosse in the counties of Galway and Mayo, called Iher-Connoght ; or otherwise known by the names of Gnomore, Gnobegg, Conomarra and le Joyes’ country, to him his heirs and assigns for ever, to be held of the Queen, as of her manor of Arkyn in the great island of Arin’.” These ample f To induce the Irish chieftainsto embrace the Pro- priest, by whom he is seduced.” MS. Lib. Trin. testant religion, and gotochurch, was one of the great objects of Queen Elizabeth’s government in Ireland. Thus, captain Thomas Lee, in his declaration to the Queen, A.D. 1594, writes of the Earl of Tyrone: “When he is with the state, he will accompany the Lord Deputy to the church, and home again, and will stay and hear service and sermon; they (the Eng- lish of the Pale) as soon as they have brought the Lord Deputy to the church door, depart as if they were wild cats, and are obstinate, but he (in my conscience) with good conference, would be reform- ed; for he hath only one little cub of an English Coll. Dub. How far Sir Morrough, when deliver- ing his surrender as above to the Archbishop of Dub- lin, one of the most zealous reformers of his time, may have proved conformable in religion, has never been ascertained. & Fiant. File 81, No. 5945, Rolls’ Office, Dublin. hTb. Fiant, 12th Jan. 80th Eliz. This was an extensive grant, or, in the language of its day, a “* sweeping” one; for Sir Morrough had no territorial rights whatever beyond his paternal inheritance of Gnomore. But such grants were common in Ireland. Many extraordinary instances of the kind are re- 3E2 ue 396 ample “graces” were not conferred by the “State,” without ample engagements on the part of Sir Murrough. The principal of these was the pacification of Connaught; and in this project he succeeded so well with the leaders of the rebellion, that they agreed to lay down their arms, and submit themselves to the mercy of the Queen. A time was accordingly appointed for that important service. The Lord Deputy, with several members of the Privy Council, met the insurgent chiefs; and the following submission and “ Articles of Peace” were entered into: “ W. Fitzwilliam. “WHEREAS Sir Moroughe ne doe O'Flartie of Ere-Connaght, chief of his name, William Burke, alias the blind abbott, eldest of the low Burkes, Edmond Burke M° Thomas Evagherye, Meyler oge M* Walter Fadda Burke, David O’Dowde chief of his nume, Hugh Duffe M*‘ Moroghe O’Flartic, Shane M* Morice, Walter M' Tibott alias M* Tibott, Shane M* Thomas, Tibott Reoghe M* Tibott M*Gibbon, ( ) O’Donell, Edmond M* Tibott, Robert O’Mayle, Walter Kittaghe Burke, Walter ne ( ) Teg roe O’Mayle, and Dualtaghe O’Connor of the sept of O'Connor Dun, beinge the chiefe and principall of such as latelye entered into action of rebellion in the county of Mayo, and in the country of Ire-Conaght, the most of them brought into Galway against the comminge of us the L Deputy, 1. Primett, the |. Bishop of Methe, Sir Robert Dillon and Sir Thomas Le Strange knights, commissioners appoynted for that service, flare as Galway aforesayed, the 12 of this June 1589, in the bodie of St. Nicholas’ church, exhibited to the Right honorable Sir William Fitzwilliam, knight, lord deputy, and the councell then present, upon their knees, there humble submis sion, the teneur whereof ensueth. “To the Right honorable Sir William Fitzwilliam knight, 1. Deputy general of Ireland. In most humble manner, and according to the loyaltie, and must boundea dutie to the Queen’s most gratious majestie, her royall crowne and dignitie, and also to your honorable good 1. makethe our lowlye and humble submission, Sir Moroghe (’Flartie, knight, chief of his name, William Burke alias the blind abbott, chief of the low Burkes, Edmond Burke M* Thomas Evagherie, Walter Mac Tibut alias M‘ Tibott, Edmond M¢ Tibott, and others now present, to the Queen’s majestie and most benigne favor, and to her crowne and scepter, and also to your good lord, as well tor our selves, being now present, and sett upon our knees before your L with lamen- tation and grief for our unhappye revolt from our natural] dutie and allegiance, as also for all and singular our tenants, followers and servants, and all other our most unhappie associates in this hatefull, odious action, raysed, put in execution and prac- tised corded, particularly in the sixteenth and seventeenth Feb. &° Jac. [., and preserved in Offic. Cap. Bm. centuries The above surrender and grant will be —-Scacc. Dub. found, in Aae verba, in an Inquisition taken 7th 397 tised in the county of Mayo, and the countrie of Ire-Conaght, or elsewhere whereso- ever within the province of Connaght, whereof we, for us all, being from them hereunto authorysed, and they swore and bound to us by oathe and faythe, to con- forme and stand to what orders or conditions soever we should agree and consent unto, Do not onlye acknowledge ourselves to be right heavye and humbly sorry, even from the bottom of our hearts, the cause or occasion thereof whatsoever, notwithstanding ; but also we here do offer, for and in the name of us all, to stand and performe what order soever your good |. and her Majesties privie council here, shall order and sett down, as well for our former faults in this and late falling from our duties, as also for our unfayned, loyall and dutifull obedience to her Majestie, her crowne and dignitie, during our natural lives hereafter, most humbly hassuring your honorable 1. to accept this our humble and unfayned submission; and that we may tast of her Majesties most gracious mercy, as many others as grevious and hatefull offenders heretofore have been. And we, from the bottom of our hearts, according to our bounden duties, shall, not onlie daylie and continually, most humbly praye for our most gracious sovereigne ladye and Queene, long to raygne with prosperitie over us, with faythfull promise of the venture of our lives, and the spendinge of our lands and goods to serve her Majestie att all tymes, but allso for your honnours longe to continew in honoura- ble state amongst us. “ Upon which there petition and humble submission, we the |. dep. and the rest of her Majesties councell (whose names are subscribed) entringe into the considera- tion of the matters, and of the great desire they have to yeald themselves to her Majesties grace and mercy, and to stand to such directions and orders as we, in the behalfe of her Highness, shall set down, have with the full and whole consent of the sayed Sir Morogh o’flarte, William Burke, Meyler oge, Hugh Duffe M‘ Morogh, O’ Dowde, Shane M“ Morice, Walter Tibott, Shane M: Thomas, Tibott Reoghe M* Tibott M: Gibbon, ( ) O’Donell, Walter Kittaghe Bourke, Walter ne Mullye, Teig roe O’Mayle, and Dualtagh O'Connor of the sept of O’Connor Dun, concluded, ordered and agreed, in manner and forme followinge:— éi, First, that every sept shall deliver in suche sufficient pledges for the obser- vation of the peace, and for their loyalties and obedience to her Majestie and the state, as wee the 1. Dep. and councell shall nominate and think meet. é, That the sayd Sir Moroghe, and the rest of the Burke’s and others above named, with the rest of their confederates, shall presently disperse their forces, and every one torepayre to his habitation, and to live as becometh goode and dutifull subjects. ég. They shall forthwith deliver to the 1. Deputy, .such Spaniards, Portagalls, and other foreigners of the Spanish fleets, as are now amongst them. 4. 398 4.‘ The said Sir Moroghe, and the sept above named, shall make satisfaction of all spoyles and hurtes done by them, since the first day of intelligeances of the Com- missioners, as the L Dep. shall nominate and appoint for that purpose. 6. “They shall pay such fine to the use of her Majestie, for their undutifal breaking out into action of rebellion, as the 1. Dep. shall lay down. 7. ‘All which beinge performed by the sayde Sir Moroghe and the rest, accord- ing the expresse mcaninge hercof, then they and every of them to have her Majestie’s gracious generall pardon for there offences past. IN WITNESS whereof, we the L Dep. and the rest of her Majesties councell have hereunto put our hands, and for the better accomplishment of the premises, the said Sir Morogh and the rest above named, in behalf of themselves and of the rest of there confederates, have likewise hereunte put their hands. At Galway the zoth of June, in the 31 yeare of the reigne of our sovereign ladye Elizabeth, by the grace of God, gueene of England, France and Ire- land, defender of the fayth, &c.—In the presence of the Archbishop of Tuam, the Erle of Clanricard, the Bishop of Kildare, the Bishop of Elfin, the Bishop of Kilmacoughe, the Lord Birmingham, the Lord of Trimlaston, the Baron of Donkallin, Sir Hubert Burke ( ) Mt Davie knight, the mayor and aldermen of Galway, and divers others whose names thereupon endorsed. “WILLIAM Burke the Blind Abbott’s marke, -+.—Srr Morocae we pos (*FLARTIE’s marke -+-.— WALTER RITTAGH BURKE 8 marke +.— DuALTAGHE O’Connor’s marke -+-.—Ti1G Roe O'MAYLEY $ marke +.— RoBert O’MayLey’s marke -+-.—WaATER NE MtLtiy’s marke +— Eps. MC Trsnott’s marke --.—Tisnott M' Gippox’s marke +.— SHANE MC Mortcr’s marke --.—SHANE MS THomwas’s marke +. JOHN ARMACHAN.—THoMas Mipensis.—Ropert Dittox.—Lrcas Du- LoN.—Tnos, LE STR ANGE.—GEOFROY FENTON. Subscribed by the parties within named, and they sclempnilie swore upon the hollye Evangelists, as well for the performance of the peace, and all and every the art- cles within conteyned, as for their loyalties and duties to her Majesty henceforth; and for payment of her Majesties Composition money, in the presence of those whose names are underwritten. “W. Tuamens.—U,. CLANRicarp.—PETER ‘TRIMELSTON.—R. Dewegie LIN.—Ep. ATHENRY.—THOMAS DILLON—— ANDREW Morais, Mayor of Galway.—Ricarp Burke.—Natu. Dittox.— WILL. Bowres.—Wr Martin, Sheriff of the Co. of Galway.—Dominick Brows8.—Fra. SHELeEs.—Epw. BrIrMINGHAM.—GEORGE Morice, baylife of GaLway.” Brit. Museum, Cotton, Titus By xiii. to. 446.) This 399 This was the last political act of the life of Sir Murrough ne doe. Having sur- rendered the title of chieftain, he lost whatever influence he possessed over the native clans', and soon after disappeared from history. He died in A. D. 1593, having made the following will, transcribed from the original, which is preserved in the Preroga- tive Office, Dublin :— “In the name of GOD, amen—lI Sir Mourgh ne doe O’Fflaerty of Aghnenewre in the countye of Galwaie, knight, being sicke of boddye, weake and feeble, but of per- fecte memorye and remembraunce, do make this my laste Will and testament, as fol- loweth—-Firste I bequeathe my soule to GOD Almighty, Christe Jesus my Salviour, and my bodye to be buried at the disposicon of my friends as they shall appointe. I also bequeth that my lands and goods, together with my heyer and children, shalbe chargeable with all such debts as I rightlye owe. I appointe my son Rory Sheoghe O’Fflarty my principall heyer, and chiefe of and over my children, name, kindred, and countrye, in the chiefest place, degree and preheminence; and that the rest doe yeald reverence and dewe obedience unto him); and leave my lands, as well that which I have by dissente and by purchase, to him, and all the reste of my sonnes, to be indif- ferentlie betwixt them parted, allwaies the elder, viz. Rory Sheoghe to have the first eleccon and choice of eche towne and parcell, and principall porcon: the like I doe of all other my principall stufe furnetures, Provyded alwayes that my children shall agree and be friendly thon to thother. I leave to the sonne of Teig O’Fflartye, the roome and place of a sonne, as any of the rest of my own yonger sonnes shall have", reserving a choice to the thelder before the...... I leave all variances, contentions and strifs to happen, to be ordered and discided by my deere friends Robuck Ffrenche fitz John, and Anthony Linche, in all matters concerninge my landes, lordshippes, goods, 1So determinately inimical were the O’Flaherties Book of Lecan, fo. 440, preserved in the library of to the State, that Sir Murrough could not prevail on any of the clan to come in and submit, except his own son, Hugh dubh (Gen. Table, II. No. 37). He himself appears to have been used as a state stalking-horse on the occasion, to insure the sub- mission of the other insurgent chiefs ; for his pardon had been previously granted. J This passage discloses a curious remnant of the ancient clan system in Ireland. It may re- mind the reader of the old patriarchal will attributed to Cathaoir Mor, monarch of Ireland, about A. D. 174; for which see our authors Ogygia, part III. ch. 59; and the “ Book of Rights” contained in the the Royal Irish Academy. The following extract is from an old translation of that will by Doctor Rey- mond, ‘‘ sometime Fellow Trin. Col. Dub.,” and preserved in the same library ; ‘‘ First he spoke to his eldest son, Rossa Failge ( Rossa of the rings) and said, ‘my power and privilege to my Rossa of the rings, the fierce memorable man who shall govern his sub- stitutes.’ He then gave Rossa 10 shields, 10 rings, and 10 cups: and said, ‘ your posterity shall never be subjects to the issue of my other sons.’ Cathaoir then directed his chiefs to be always assistant and obedient to the prosterity of Rossa Failge.” k See Book of Genesis, xlviii. 5. Teig here named 400 goods, chattells: and doe appointe, ordaine and make them my executors of my wil. which I declare to be as afforesaid. IN WITNESSE of which to be the will of the said Sir Mourgh, wee the persons underwritten have hereunto subscribed our names the third of ffebruary, 1593.—W ALTER FFRENCHE.—ARTHUR FFRENCBE.—ANTHOSY Lyncu FITZ THomMas.—RICHARDE FFRENCHE—ARTHOUR LYNCH FITZ-aA.—MOYLLER M: X Dermott (”HALLURAN.—EDMONDE M‘ MorisHe.—By ME RowLanp Gowst— Probat. 3° die Maii an” Dni 1594.” Having thus far traced the principal transactions of the descendants of Brian na n-oinsecach O'Flaherty’, chief of the castern part of Iar-Connaught, which forms the present baronies of Ross and Mvycullen; I now turn to the western clans, the princi- pal of whom was the Sliocht Eoghain (Owen) descended from Ilugh mór”, the elder brother of that Brian. The subordinate branches were the clan Donogh, clan Connor, and clan Dermod Dubs, and ull were settled in Conmacne-mara, sometimes called the two Conamaras; which at the date of the Composition, were created a barony by the name of the barony of Balinahinch. We have seen that Dunal Crone O'Flaherty’. descended frum Tlugh mór, was the chief of all Iar-Connaught in A. D. 1569, when he was set aside by Queen Elizabeth, who appvinted Morrough of the battle-axes chieftain in his place: Quia ** Donaldus Crone O’F larty nunc capitaneus patrie predicte, non est sufliciens nee iduneus ad officium illud exercendum, nee in ullo regimine et subernatione expertus ad illam patriam gubernandum, minusque habilis ad capitane- atum illud exequendum, tum ctiam propter disobedienciam suam*’.” But notwith- standing that patent, Donal continued to exercise, or assert his right to the chieftain- ship of all the O’Flaherties until his death, and never acknowledged the patent right of Morrough. But there was another powerful competitor for the title, viz. Donal an chogaidh (of the wars) O'Flaherty of Bonowan, whose sons, "“ Owine and Moroghe,” were nuined as contracting parties in the indenture of Composition. The tanist, or next in succession, as the ablest and bravest of the clan, was Teige na buille (the furious) who became nominal chieftain after the death of Donal Crone; although the title, by the Composition, was legally abolished for ever’. When was Sir Murrough’s eldest son (Gen. Table, II. No. 9 See ante, p. 387, Donal Crone was alive ia ag}. He was killed A.D. 1589. in Tar-Connaught, A. D. 15680, forin that year he appears named as a by Sir Richard Binzhain's men. Lis sen, above contractinx party in the indenture of Composition adopted, was Morogh na in-bo.—(Id. No. 38.) where he is described as “ competitor for the name ! 14. So. of Ó Ftlahertie — See p. 309. ante. His descm- wd. dant> (if any) are unknown. a. 14. 34 4 By an Inquisition taken after the death of Tege 401 When Morrough of the battle-axes ‘‘ waxed” sufficiently ‘‘ stronge,” he resolved to subdue those western clans, or compel them to acknowledge his jurisdiction. To further this project he surprised the castle of Balinahinch, which was built on an island of the same name, in the centre of Conmaicne-mara. As soon as Teige na buille and the sons of Donal an chogatdh became aware of Murrough’s designs, they imme- diately saw the advantage he acquired by gaining the castle, and that advantage they resolved to deprive him of. Accordingly, in A. D. 1584, they made a successful attack on the island; and although it was boldly defended by Murrough’s son, Teige, they succeeded in taking it and the castle. Teige thereupon collected a considerable force and made an irruption into their territory, which he plundered of all its cattle. This petty warfare continued for some time with mutual destruction. The Clan Eoghan having made a descent on the island of Aran, were pursued thither by Teige, and a battle took place, in which several of the western O’Flaherties were slain‘. The Annalists say that the matter in dispute was not worth all the bloodshed it caused on that day; but we have seen above, that there was a greater object in view than the mere possession of the island. A reconciliation at length took place. The Clan Eoghan retained the castle, and with it, for a while, their independence; and thus ended the last instance of clan warfare which took place in Iar-Connaught. at Galway 17th August 1607, it was found that Teige ne bolly O'Flaherty of Arde, chief of his name, had and continued the title of O'Flaherty from the time Sir Henry Sidney, knt. was lord deputy of Ireland. [There is some error here, for Teige could not assume the title, until after the death of Donell]. That he was seised of the castle or stone fortress of Arde, with two cartrons called the two Ardes, and of half the lands of Ballinehinch. That, by virtue of a division made between him and certain of his competitors, he was seised of half Ballindoon, 4 qrs. and half Ballynahinchy, 4 qrs. And he was so seised, ‘‘ prout erat principalis cognominis sui, et maxime senex ejusdem cognominis de O'Flahertie, Axglice, prout erat tanist tempore ineunte composi- tionis, et etiam diu postea,” of the castle or stone for- tress of Ballynahinchy in the island of Ballenehinchy, and of the fishing of the Owenmore, and that he was peaceably seized thereof, until one Thady (Teig) Mac Murrough ne dowe O'Flaherty, by force entered IRISH ARCH. SOC, I5. Of and built the lower part of the said castle, and pos- sessed the same for some time, and until the said Teige ne bully and his two suns, together with Mor- rough xa moyre O'Flaherty, expelled him out of the said castle and island; which the said Morrough ne moyre as yet unjustly holds the possession of. That the said Teige was also seised of several head and chief rents out of other lands. That Morrough ne moyre, for the last six yeara, by force compelled the tenants to pay him the said rents. That the said Teige ne boolly, in right of his chieftainship, was also seized of chief rents out of the Cleggan, Ballyna- killy, &c., and that Morrough ne moyre claims 3 cartrons in the island of Inishnee under a mortgage, dated the 10th March, 1598, made by Edmond O'Flaherty (Gen. Table, IL No. 37), son of the said Teige ne bullie.”--Orig. Inquis. Rolls Off. Dublin. Their descendants are unknown. ae Four Masters. 3 F 402 Of all the western O’Flaherties, Donel an chogaidh, although not the chieftain, was the most powerful and opulent. He died before A. D. 1580, leaving by his wife Grace O'Mailly of Burrishoole (celebrated in after-times by the name of Grauna Weale) two sons, who were named as contracting, though not consenting, parties, in the indenture of Composition with Queen Elizabeth. Of these, Donall the eldest was slain by a party of Sir Richard Bingham’s soldiers in A. D. 1586, and Morogh, the second son, surnamed .Vaor" (serjeant or steward), became the principal inheritur of a territory which embraced a line of sea-coast extending nearly 100 miles. (Wf this advantage Morogh na maor availed himself, by keeping a considerable number of galleys generally ready for service; and from several old documents he appears w have been sedulous in extending his landed possessions*. In A.D. 1599, he was ordered by the Lord Lieutenant to join his half-brother, Tibbott na long’ (Thevbald of the ships, the first Viscount Mayo), to bring the Queen’s furces round the western coast of Ireland in his galleys, from Galway to Sligo, with provisions and implements of war, to assist O’Connor Sligo against Hugh ruadk O'Donnell" ; but we soon after find him, with a large body of forces from Iar-Connaught, joined with the latter celebrated chieftain against the (rovernment*. r From this word maor, was derived the name of the royal family of Scotland. -‘ Stuart, seu Steward Anglica etiam vox quiestorem ad recipiendos pro- ventus, ut et Scoticé Maor—Mormhaor Leavna” (the great steward of Lennox).— Ogug. Part iii. é. 81; (Conor, Renn Hib. tom. i. p. 57. See also Mar- tin's Western Islands, pp. 98, 108; Verstezan, 324; and O'Brien's Dict. in roce. * Several deeds and other instruments, about fifty in number, extending from A, D. 1590 to 1645, and principally relating te the possessions of Morogh na maor and his sens, are now in the hands of the Edi- tor; but he regrets that want of space prevents any further notice of them here, as they contain several curious particulars of the state of society during that period in Tar-Connaught. In them, several indivi- duals, named in the annexed Genealogical Tables, are mentioned. t On Rot. Pat. 3 Jac. 1. dors. 47, there appears a letter from James 1., directing: a surrender and re- wrant of lands in favour of Sir Theobald Burke. Knt. With him he proceeded to Mun ster, (Tibbot na long, the first Viscount Mayo). and his two brothers by the half-blood, Morrogh O’Flahertie (na maor) and Donnell I. Keggie O'Flahertie (Ga Table, II. No. 38), of Jar-Connaught. This state letter was never acted upon. Donell. bere named, although called the brother of Sir Theobakd, was his nephew, “by the half-blood.” When Donell ex che- gaidh (Gen. Table, II. No. 36) died, bis widew, Grace O’Mailly, married Sir Rickard an ina Bourke (see him described arte, p. 300, under the name of Mac William), by whom she had Tibbet na long, afterwards Sir Thevbahl.—See Lodge's Peerage, vol. iv. p. 235, ed. 17N9. " Four Masters, A. D. 1599. Id A.D. 1600. The following pute, im the handwriting of our author, Roderic O'Flaherty, appears, at A. D. 1599, in a copy of the Annals 4 the Four Masters preserved in Trinity College. Dab- lin: ‘25 Nov. castrametatur apud Killtolagh prope Galviam, postridie apad Derrydonndl— 27 Nov. reversus est (O'Donnell). Cum eo tame 403 ster”; but after the defeat of the Spaniards at Kinsale, Morogh na maor retreated to his native fastnesses in Iar-Connaught, where he peaceably spent the remainder of his life. By Inquisition taken, durante vita, 15th September, 1607, it was found that “Morogh na Moyre O'Flaherty is seized of the castles of Bonowen, Ballinahinchy, and Renvyle. That Donell ne Cogge, father of the said Morogh, and whose heir he is, was, at the time he died, seized of several chief rents in the baronie of Ballinehinch. That O'Flaherty had and held the fines and customs following, in and through the whole baronie of Ballinehinch.” [This shews that he usurped ‘“ by strong hand” the power of the chieftain.] ‘ Imprimis, quandocunque aliquis furatus erat unam vaccam, fur solvebat predicto O’Flaherty, septem vaccas pro qualibet vacca sic furata, et sic de aliis catallis. Et quandocunque O'Flaherty se contulerat ad generalem sessinam, quod inhabitantes solebant elargire illi quandam mensuram sacci [ Anglicé, a bott of sack], toties quoties. Preterea, debuit habere quotannis ex qualibet quarteria terre infra baroniam predictam, quasdam mensuras farine Hibernicé vocatas sruans, cum sufficiente butiro. Et preterea, consuetus erat, quod quandocunque aliquis capiebat aliquod wreccum maris vel amébergreese, sine noticia inde data O’Flaherty vel suis servientibus [Anglicé, his seryeants], quod quilibet sic faciens finem fecerat ipsi O'Flaherty ad septem vaccas, toties quoties. Et quandocunque O’Flaherty dederat aliquam filiaram suaram in matrimonio, consuevit habere unam sterilem vaccam duo- rum annorum, ex qualibet quarteria inhabitata, infra baroniam predictam’*.” Morogh fuerunt Torlogh Mc Morogh O’Brien, O'Conor Sligo, = lecta, p. 559, quoted in Gratianus Lucius, p. 41. et Morogh na maor O'Flaherty.” * See Pacat. Hib., A.D. 1601. ‘ The O’May- lies and O’Flagherties had a purpose with six hun- dred men (which they had already furnished) to invade Kerry.” In that work, c. viii., there appears a letter to Sir George Carew, dated 8rd July, 1600, and signed ‘ William Burke, Morogh ni Moe [na maor ?] O’Flarty.” In that letter the following passage occurs: “So that your Honour consi- der us with a peece of money.” This passage has all the appearance of an interpolation. ‘‘ My faith- ful George” (see the Queen’s letter to Carew, c. xiv.) is charged with not having been a faithful narrator ; but the ‘‘ Pacata” was written for him, and not by him. He is also charged with having destroyed many old Irish books and records. See Roth’s Ana- Sir George Carew was “ Presbyteri filius.” The late Sir Francis Burdett, who was well acquainted with Irish history, once observed to the Editor, that ‘‘ Ca- rew was created Earl of Totness, in England, for his atrocities in Ireland.” x Original Inquisition, Rolls Office, Dublin. See in the same Repository, Rot. Pat. 15° Jac. I. fac. 54, for an instrument perfected by the gentry and “ freeholders” of Conamara, empowering Morogh na maor O'Flaherty of Bonowen, in the county of Gal- way, Esq., to procure grants to himself, as trustee for them, of their lands, then recently surrendered to the Crown. Among these parties, the present “‘ old stock” of Conamara, viz. the Mac Conroys ( Kings), Clan Conors, Mac Donoughs, O’Duans, O'Lees, Mac Coneelys, &c., may trace their ancestors, who all 3 F 2 404 Morogh na maor dicd A D. 1626. The following abstract of his last will has heen made from the Inquisition, post mortem, taken on that occasion :— ‘IN THE NAME OF Gop, AMEN, I, MURROUGH ne moyre O’F flahertie, of Bonowen. in the baronie of Ballinahinch, within the countie of Galway, esquire, beinge weake and sicke of bodie, but perfect in minde and memorie God be praised, do make my testament and last will in manner and forme followinge: Firste, I bequeathe my soule to God almightie, and my bodie to the grave to be buried amongst my ances- tors in Sainct Fraunces’ abbey necre Gallway. I bequeath, and my will is, that all my castles, manors, lands, heretofore estuted to my eldest sonne and heire, Murrcugh na marte O’Ftlahertie, shall be absolutelie in the said Murruugh his heires and assigns, for ever; and all the castles and lands heretofore estated to my second sonne, Edmond O’Flahertie, shall be absolutelie to him his heires and assigns, for ever. ITEM, that my third sonne Bryen O’Flahertie and his heires shall have the C leggan’, excepting only the aiery of hawkes upon Barnanoran reserved to the said Murrvugh na marte. tem, that my married wife Onora Flahertie alias Bourke, shall have three q” and a half of Ballindoune whereupon the castle and towne of Bonuwn stands, and the $ q’ of Bally M: Enicly thereunto udjoinninge, without rente, and after her decease, to be and remayne to the said Morrough na marte. [ITEM, that mee fourthe sonne Teige O’Flahertie shall have to him and his heires the q™ of Kilkieran and Inniscrevar of the landes allotted to Morroughe, he himself redeeminge them from Geoffrie Martin and others who may challendge anie mortgadge thereupon ; and that Teige shall have noe power to alienate or mortgadge the said lande, without the license of the said Morrough na marte. Item, that my seconde sonne Edmonde shall pasee an estate unto my sixt son Hughe and his heires of the quarter of Ballinikill, with a provisoe that Hugh shall not alienate, imortgadge, or sell withoute the lycense of Edmonde or his heires. Mee will is, that my said children, Edmond, Brian, Teige, and Hugh and their heires, shall yearlie paie to said Morrough na marte and his heires thre shillinges sterling, oute of everie quarter for ever; and that they and theire heires shall aunswere all suites and services due the mannors of Bonowne and Ballenchinse, and from henceforth shall be obedient to the said Muorroughe' Ir, ifanie of the said sonnes die without issue male lawfully begotten, then all the pore tions of lands of him or them shall retorne to the said Murrough na marte, paieinge to the daughter or daughters of hyim soe dieinge a propurtion of marryage goods towards acknowledged Morrough na d-tuagh, Teige na buille, our own time. and Morogh na nator, as their chiefs and leader". Y Seep. 11M, nate ó. But at the time alluded to, the old clan feelings pre- $ See the will of Sir Morrouygh na d-tuagh. anfa, vailed, and many of them have continued even tu p. 399. 405 towards preferment, as to the dyscretion of fower of the principallest of theire indif- ferentest kindred of each side, shall be thought fytt. ITEM, that my said sonne and heyre Morrough, and the rest of my sonnes for Edmond and Bryan, and my sayd wife Onora, shall, in one intire paiement satisfie and paie to my fift sonne, Patricke, who is become a scholier*, 20" sterling when he is readie and determined to goe beyond seas to studie, together with 10" sterling everie yeare duringe his continuance beyond the seas. ITEM, that my three eldest sonnes shall paie proportionably oute of the lands allotted to each of them all the debtes which I doe owe. ITEM, that both my daughters, Soragh ni Flahertie and Owna ni Flahertie, shall have suche portions for their preferment in marriadge, oute of all the lands allotted to my said three eldest sonnes, proportionable as to the dyscretyon of Sir Tybbott Bourke, knight, or his sonne and heire Myles Bourke, and Sir John Bourke, knight’, calling to their assis- tance two or more of my neerest friends in Gallway, as shall be thought fitt. Item, that mee said three eldest sonnes shall paie oute of their several proporcons of lands, all chardges that will be laid oute about my funeral expenses, devotions, and legaties. ITEM, my will is, that my saide children shall remayne loveing brothers henceforward ; whereupon I give them my blessing, to give them that grace for to continue : and if amie ambiguitie, doubt, or question should differ or arise betwixte them in the misconstring the premisses, my will is that the said Sir Tybbott Bourke, or his sonne Miles Bourke, and Sir John Bourke, together with two of my neerest friends in Galway, shall decide that controversy, and settle them friends and loveing brothers, soe often as anie such doubte shall arise betwixt them. And the rather that they have been formerly acquainted with the contentes of this my last wyll, and were all contented I should soe distribute it, to avoyde all further dissension. Item, I give to my said wife Onora, all my plate, cowes, garrans, and sheep, with my household stuffe, besids her third of all my lands. In witness, I have here- unto putt mee hand and seale the 13" day of April, in the yeare of our Lord God, 1626. “ MorroGu na Moyre O’FLAHERTIES,” The only sons of Morogh na maor, of whom any certain accounts remain, were Morogh na mart (Morogh of the beeves), the eldest’, and Edmond, the second, still remembered a He became an Augustine friar; but that it was Myles Bourke, the testator’s nephew by the half- considered dangerous to state. blood, was the second viscount of that name. b Of Derrymacloughny, brother-in-law of the ¢ See the will before referred to, p. 899. testator, and cousin of the Marquis of Clanricarde. d Inquis. Rolls Off. 23 Oct. 1627. Sir Tibbott Bourke (who was soon after created e Gen. Table, II. No. 38. See ante, p. 108, Viscount Mayo), was the testator’s half-brother. note™. On Ist March, 1633, livery of seisin was 406 remembered by the name of Emuinn mac Morogha na maor. In the troubles which fullowed, A. D. 1641, these brothers, unfortunately for themselves and their posterity, took a prominent part’. The former fitted out his long-boats or galleys, with which he commanded the western coasts of Ireland during the hostilities. In A. D. 1643, they both joined their kinsman, Morough ne doe of Aghnenure, and marched with a force of 1800 men to besiege the fort at Galway. On that occasion their men, who were culled by the Marquis of Clanricarde ‘the rude kearns of Irr-Conaght” (.Me- moirs, pa. 176), were charged with having committed several outrages, and some mur- ders, in the town’. granted to him for the sum of £40 Trish.— Rot. Pat. R Car, 1. 2. p. d. € The Memoirs of the Marquis of Clanricarde, and Carte's Life of Lord Ormonde, detail many of the proceedings of the O'Flaherties of Tar-Connaught during the troubles. The most active of the leaders were, Lieut.-Col. Morrough nu doe (Gen. Table, IT. No, 39), of Corr or Lemontield, near Aghenure, (great-grandson of Sir Murrough xa d-tuadh), Sir Morogh na mart, and Col. Edmund, his brother. Of the proceedings of the latter sume particulars are given above and in the ensuing notes; from curious original documenta, of which some notice will be found in the sequel. w The following extracts, taken from the famous Depositions relating to the rebellion, A.D. 186141, preserved in the MS, Library of Trinity College, Dublin (F. 2. 3), have reference to those outrages : *Thosas Seorr 23rd Dec. 1693, suth, That at the beginning of the rebellion, he saw in the street of Galway one Morrogh O'Flaherty, still colonel, of Eer-Connagh , being a tall, »warthy voungz inan), marching down the street, with about 300) Trish rebels following him: that they broke into a house, and tive of the soldiers stabbed, with their skenes, Mrs. Collins.°—"‘Jous Turser,.... 1612, saith, That the Irish people of Ere-Connaught robbed the Encclish inhabitants, and killed and murthered several of them: amongst which. they cut ot? the heads of one John Fox and his wife, and murthered a Mrs. Collins, as she was kneeling at her prayers. Pending the hostilities there, Edmond O'Flaherty proceeded. with and tumbled the heads of Fox and his wife abou the streets; yet the mayor or aldermen did not in apy way punish the offenders.“— ''Jons SHEELT. of Gal- way, baker, 25 May, 1644, saith, That in Galway the very children, according to their powers, ex- ceeded the men, insomuch as their very frie. or young children, would with skeanes, wherewith generally they were armed, come to the English women, and way, With their skeanes presented, ' You English jades, or duggs, [will cut your throats? and durst so much as contradict any of those gracals impes. — " Licut. JOHN Geer, 7 March, 1658. sith. That it was commonly spoken in Galway. that the ()Flaherties of Ire-Connaught were broaght imate the towne purposely to murther all the English; and he believeth they would have murthered tham all accordingly, had nut some priesta hindered them, by going out in their vestments. with tapers and s crucifix carryed before them, commanding the said murtherers to surcease. And where some goods had been plundered, they commanded restitution te be made, as the eXxaminant, being then iu the Fort d Galway. was credibly informed.”"—" Marr Bows, spinster, age 21 vears. servant to Lieut. John Gell, sth March, 1653, saith. That she heard by seve- ral of the towne-people that it was the Major aad council of the town that had brought in the said Ire-Connanght people to kill and murther all the Enulish Protestants, becsuse their own hands sheahd net be embrued in their blood. That she herself asw the privat: of the towne. and other priests, being 407 with a company of one hundred men, to the islands of Aran, and from thence he directed his course to the west of the County of Clare. There he laid siege toa castle called Tromra, which was situated close to the sea-shore, in the barony of Ibrickan. This castle was inhabited by an Englishman of the name of Ward and his family. After a desperate defence of nearly four days the place was carried by storm. The brave owner and the principal part of his family were slain, and the castle was plun- dered and burned to the ground. After this exploit, the perpetrator returned home with his booty. He afterwards joined the confederate forces of Connaught, and con- tinued in action during the remainder of the war. In the beginning of May, 1653, John Browne, of the isles of Aran, came before the magistrates in Galway, and gave information on oath against Colonel Edmond O’Flaherty and others, for the murder of Peter Ward of Tromragh, in the County of Clare’. A party of soldiers was accordingly dispatched to Iar-Connaught in pur- suit of the accused. After a long and fruitless search, the party was returning, and passing beside a small dark wood near Renvile, their attention was attracted by about eight in number, going about the towne in their vestments, with tapers burning, and the sacra- ment borne before them, and earnestly exhorting the said Murrough na mart, and his company, for Christ's sake, and our Lady's, and St. Patrick's, that they would shed no more blood, and if they did they would never have mercy. That the said Murrough and one Edmond O’Flahertie were at the committing of the said murthers, and aiding and abetting the same; and that she doth verily believe, that had it not hene for the said priests, the said O'Flahertyes and their company had killed all the English Protestants they had found in Gal- way.”—‘‘ MARTHA LOVE, wife of Capt. Highgate Love, 23rd Feb. 1653, saith, That the town was full of Ireconnaught rogues, in their trowses and broages, all armed with pikes, skeans, and swords.” —Pity it is that Mrs. Love did not tell us if these trowses fitted close to the limbs, like those of the old Irish, described by Ware, Ant. cap. xi. : ‘‘ Defemora- libus illisarctissimis, Trowses vulgo dictis.”—“‘ Close britches, commonly called trowses."— Harris. For at the present day the Jar-Connaught “rogues” all wear their trowsers loose and ample, which gives the their lower limbs nearly as much liberty as the High- landers of Scotland enjoy in the Ailé. But this latter curious article of dress itself requires some explana- tion. The late Major Duff, of Muirtown, near Inver- ness, editor of the Culloden Papers, a volume of cu- rious and valuable letters, from the year 1624 to 1745, published from the originals in Culloden House, astonished some of his Northern friends by stating, in a note to one of the letters, that the kilt, or phila- beg (‘‘feile bheag,” Armstrong’s Dict.) was not the ancient Highland garb, but was introduced into the Highlands about 1720, by one Thomas Rawlinson an Englishman, who was overseer to a company car- rying on Iron Works in Glengarry’s country. The convenience of the dress, he added, soon caused it to be universally adopted in the Highlands. Surely some patriotic Highlander will here rush to the res- cue of the martial philabeg from this bold assertion of its mean and modern origin. Pinkerton says, it was ‘quite unknown.”—Hist. Scot part iv. c. vi. See also Whitaker's Hist. Manchester, book I. c. vii. § v. b This information will be found in the Depositions of A. D. 1641, T. C. D. vol. xxi. 408 the unusual noise and croaking of ravens hovering in the air, towards the centre of the wood. On arriving at the spot over which the birds still continued on the wing, the soldiers discovered a cavity in a rock, from which they drew forth a miserable looking man, who was soon recognized as the unfortunate object of their pursuit. With him they found a povrly-attired and emaciated female, who afterwards proved to be his wife, the daughter of Sir Christopher Garvey of Lehinch, in the County of Mayo: “ And truly who had seen them would have said they had been rayther ghosts than men, for pitifully locked they, pyned awaye for want of foode, and altogether ghastly with feare’.” IIe was immediately brought prisoner to Galway, and com. mitted to the town gaol, where he was closely examined, as follows : “The Examination of Colonel Edmond O'Flaherty, taken before Rohert Clarke, esq., one of the Justices of the precinct of Galway, May 24™ 1653. ‘Being examined how long he was in arms against the Commonwealth of Eng- land? = Saith he was called hither to this towne of Gallway by the archhishop of Tuam, who was president, and by Francis Blake of Galway, who was then com- mander in chief of the forces in the said towne of Galway, raised against the fort; and that he came with the company under his command, and assisted the said Francis in heseeching (Aesteging) the said fort. Suith, that going from the towne of Gallway after the surrender of the said fort, he went with his boats to the islands of Arona, and continued there some fourteen days, until the islanders did complaine of the burthen they were unto them, upon which deponent and his company went in their boats w the countie of Clare, to a castle called Trennrowe, which was possessed by one Mr. Ward, whom he heard was an honest gentleman, and never heard of him before, and neither doth know of what religion or nation he was of; and came to said castle about I“ May, 1642, in the beginning of the night, and came within a musket shot of the said castle, to a house where he and his company kept their court of guard. Before their coming to the said howse, they made some shotts from the castle at him, and continued suteing all might. with which shotts some of his men were wounded. And saith These particulars have been preserved by tradi- tion, and are viven above as related by the late Francis Lynch, Exq.. of the island of Omey, near Renvile Mr. Launch died about twenty years Ile used to adil. that the in Conamara. ave, at the ave of ninety. party was headed by a Colonel " Bayman, cevernor of the island of Botin:” and that the discovery of (Y Flaherty was attributed to the intervention of Pre- vidence, to bring him to justice, for the outrage ia the county of Clare. 1 Extract from Sir Richard Bingham s “ Dis course off his Services in Mayo avainst the Bourkes, A. D. 1586." preserved in the Cutton Library, Bri- tich Museum, Titus B. NII. 409 saith, they could not find the doore nor windows of the said castle that night, but eleven of his men went to the hale which was jonying of the castle, thinking to get in, where- upon they threw stones from the topp of the castle, by which one of his men was wounded and bruised in his arm, and another in his back, and also they let falle a bundle of strawe upon said halle by which it was burned, and the next morning they sett on to storme the castle, in which storme one of his men was killed, and three wounded. And saith he continued seige to the said castle, from Sunday night until Wednesday morning, at which time conditions were made by John Ward* for his own k This John was son of Peter Ward. On 25th April, A. D. 1643, he gave a deposition on oath, from which the following is an extract :—‘ Saith, that on or about the 17th day of Aprill, Anno Dom. 1642, the said Peeter Ward, Alson Ward (hia wife), and George Ward of the same Centl. (son to the said Peeter), in a most cruell aud rebellious manner, were murthered and stripped by the hands and meanes of Edmund O’Ffishertie, Esq’. and others of his confederates, in manner following, that is to say, The said Edmond, about the day and year above mentioned, came by sea from Igher-Conaght, in the Com. Gallway, accompanied with five other boates well manned with armed men, and landing his men at or near Tromroe aforesaid, the said Edmond then and there, in a most rebellious and hostill manner, with collours displaied, assaulted the castle of Trom- roe aforesaid, late at night (where this deponent, the said Peeter, George, Alson, and others fled for refuge) but being then resisted by the said Peeter and the rest in there owne defence, the said fflahertie, with the rest of his forces and the country besides, continued siedge to the said castle for three daies and three nights, during which time, and especially the second day of his said siedge, being the 18" day of Aprill aforesaid or thereabouts, amonge divers other acts of hostility, don and perpetrated by the said fflahertie and the rest of his associats, he then and there murthered, or caused or consented to mur- ther, the said Alson and George, having shott or caused to shoote with a bullet the said Alson under the right side, whereof she died immediately, and life, likewise gave the said George eighteene woundes, whereof he likewise instantly dyed upon the 20" day of Aprill afores‘, or thereabouts. Wednesday on the morneing (being the last day of their said siedge) the said Edmond O’Fflahertie caused the said castle to be fired, and entering the same that day, the said Peeter Ward was then and there traytorously mur- thered by the said fHahertie and his company, having recaived divers mortall wounds in his body; whoe together with the said Alson and George, was stripped, and they three buryed in or neer the said castle walls, from whence by directions from Donnell O'Bryen of Dowgh in the said Com. Esq. they were removed, and enterred in the parish church of Kill- murry afoesaid. Yeet notwithstanding, Donnell Mr scanlane Mc Gorman of Dunsallagh, in the said Com. Mass-preist, caused their corps to be digged up againe, and buried without in the churchyard, for noe other cause (as farr as the deponent could learne) but that they saide no unsanctified or hereti- call corps of protestants (as they tearme them) must remaine within their churches. “This deponent likewise saith, that the said Edmond O’Fflahertie was abetted, counselled, and assisted in the said rebellious and traytorous designe, by the undernamed persons, namely, by Donnogh O'Brien of Newtowne, in the said Com. esq.; Mohowne Mc Dermod of Tromroe, aforesaid, gent. Therlagh Mc Dermod and Connor Mc Der- mod of the same gent. Rich* Fizpatrick (sene- schall of Ibrackane aforesaid, and then and now re- ceaver to the earle of Thomond within the said Ba- IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15. 3G I ' 410 lite, with Teige O’Bryen, and the (par). priest, which said John this examinant cm- ployed as a messenger to his father in the said castle, desiring him to take quarter several times, but the answer of Peeter Ward was, that he would nott take the quarter of Bellian or Scuell. [Bellicke or Sruell? }. * Being further examined, he saith, that on Wednesday about g of the clock. there came out of the castle the said Warde’s twoe daughters and twoe younger sounes. and alsoe there came oute an Englishe man and his wife; but upon which day this Esa- mninant remembereth not. romyv) Hush M“ Crutton “MsCurtin) of. ui. in the said Com. vent. Donnell Me Seanlane Mr Gor- man aforesaid, Teige Fitzpatricke of flintraghtbeay, in the said Com. genth Teie Roe OBrven, son to Sr Donnell O'Bryen Knight aforesaid, Mohowne M Enearrigy of Flenoremore, in the said Coin. yeoman, and divers others whose names this deponent doth not remember. This depanent’s cause of know- ledee (concerning the said parties their ayding, counsellinge, and assisting the saide tHaherty) is, that first Donogh OBrven above mentioned, about the eight eighteenth ?| daw oof Aprill aforesaid, did entertaine, with meate, drinke, and lodgsing, the said fHahertie at Newtowne aforesaid, whereby this deponent: beleeveth that he was privy to the said rebellious enterprise; and also that the sail Donogh CV Brven pessessed himself of woerth a hundred pounds of the said Peeter’s cattle, which he detaineth to this day. He alsoe saith, that he saw and) ob- served the rest óf the said) parties hi annes at the seidire of the said castle, and divers times con- sulting and advising: howe to sarprise the sane He also saw and observed that. then and there, the sail Teige Roe OBrien gave out, that if the said castle were not then taken by the said Piluherty. he him- wlte would suddenly come and besett the same with his forces. He also observed. that during the said sieve, the said Hugh AE Crutton did use to take a nóte in writeie of as many of the besieders, as were either hurt or killed against the said Castle, openly extolling them for their valour and prood service in assiulting: the said castle. to nee other pur And further saith, that the sonne and heire of the saad Fer pene (as thia deponent then undersea) ) bet to gcré intimation to the rest of the country. and te esrear- ady them to like rebellious actions. These were th motives that induceth this depunent to tebwve, that the said parties were asdinge, counselling, ap! assistinyy the said Falahertie. He further infoeweth, that be heant it credibly affirmed by . Bernard in 3. Malachy s lite hath. Metrupolituer 441 Metropoliticee sedi deerat adhuc, et defuerat ab initio Pallii usus; meaning Ardmagh, where he plainly grants a Metropolitan See from the first erection thereof, as well as the want of a Pall; and tho’ most zealous in reproving the vices of Church persons otherwhere, he never check’d that defect of a Pall, but rather in the same life extolls the dignity of that See thus: In tanta ab initio a cunctis veneratione habetur, ut non modo Episcopi et Sacerdotes, et qui de clero sunt, sed etiam Regum et Principum universitas subjecta sit Metropolitano in omni obedientia, et unus ipse omnibus pre- sit. But the Pall being a holy and most ancient ornament to the Metropolitan dig- nity, and badge of Apostolical obedience; it was out of their own proper motion that the Clergy of Ireland, sensible of the want of it, employed the same S. Malachy their Primat of Ardmagh, to suplicat for supplying thereof at Rome; who in his journey was prevented by death, in S. Bernard’s abbey of-Clarevall, A“ 1148. é This errour of no Archbishop in Ireland before 1152, with many more, was first broached by Giraldus Cambrensis (Girald. Cambr. Topograph. Hib” distinct. 3. cap. 17). And where he, in the same place, admitts Irish Bishops consecrating one another. Doctor Meredith Hanmer, Treasurer of Dublin Cathedral church, to rectify that as uncongruous, must invent that they were consecrated by the Archbishops of Canter- bury, and accordingly was followed by others, that cared not to examin further. More modest was S' Rich. Baker, and more sincere in his Chronicle of the K K. of England, saying (in K. Will. the ii' reign p. 35). Jn this King’s reign, althé he had no command tn Ireland, yet their Bishop of Dublin was sent over to Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, to be consecrated by him, and the citizens of Waterford also desiring to have a Bishop, procured Muredach K. of Ireland to write to Anselm to give his consent. This is very true, and by letters of the same time extant, authentick, yet notwith- standing it is strange how prone people are led to humour their own fancy in so much, that the compiler of the Index of the same book in the letter C. word Canterbury thus misrepresents them words; viz. He (meaning the Archbishop of Canterbury whoever) consecrated all the Bishops of Ireland. “ I doe not deny that in the reign of the two first Norman KK. of England, and K. Stephen, and in the time of S. Lanfranc, S. Anselm, Rodulph, and Theobald Arch- bishops of Canterbury, the Ostmans of Dublin, Limerick, and Waterford, the Reliques of the pagan Danes or Normans infesting Ireland, becoming Christians, being aliens to the Irish, and originally countrymen to the new Norman conquerours of England, among whom their clergymen were commonly bred, and religiously professed, made it their Interest, by application likely to Rome, upon those motives, and upon considera- tion of their late conversion, and the Pope’s subsequent authority interposing. I therefore conceive this was the reason, that the Irish took no distaste (that we can IRISH ARCH. SOC. I5- 3 L learn) 442 learn) of opposing, or grudging at their introducing foreign Jurisdiction, insomuch, that contrariwise we reade, that Irish Princes and Prelats promoted their f rein advancement, by their influence on the Prelats of Canterbury, and commendativn «i the persons elected in order to their consecration; as may appear by the letters rx- tant (¢n Usserti Sylloge ceterum Epistolar. 1th’) of Tordelvac O Brian K. of the Seuth- ern moyty of Ireland, and of his son and successour Murchertach, both styled Kinz- of Ireland, and of Ferdomnach Bishop of Kildare and Metropolitan of Leinster (hefcre Dublin was so erected A" 1152). But never a Bishop of any other See in Ireland. nor even of those Ostman Sees, except five of Dublin, the first Bishop of Watert-rd, and one of Limerick in Archbishop Theobald’s time, that ever owned consecrati-n. and canonical obedience to the See of Canterbury. “York was the Metropolitan see of Scotland till the year of Grace 1471, by which title if Canterbury was the Metropolitan of Scotland is beyond my sphere to dispute. hut was nó more Metropolitan of Ireland than as Edgar K. of England was conquercur of Ireland A° 964, by letters patent dictated by his secretary ; conscious to none els of his time: or as all the learning and sanctity of Ireland abolished by the descent of Egfrid K. of Northumberland’s fileet in Ireland A“ 684, as Cambden thought, de quitus videsis Ogygiain pag: 39 & pag: 230. Nay Wales nearer home than Ireland was not under the Jurisdiction of Canterbury before the year 1187, in K. Hen. n' reign, Baldwin being then Archbishop of Canterbury. Lastly, I cannot but arraign Doctor Hanmer's partial juegement and forgettull memory, who saw in his own dayes (A° 1604 decvas’d) Matthew Parker Dean of Lincoln installed Arehbishop of Canterbury, by William Barlow Prior of Bisham, John Seory, and Miles Coverdale; and Parker without a stich of a Pall’s cross invest- ing 22 Bishopps of as many cathedralls: of which number Barlow was made Bishop of Chichester and Scory of Heretord (Bakers Chronicle in 0. Elizabeth, A° 1559). and vet could not digest, that Irish Bishops in the primitive times of their sanctity, could eonter Episcopal orders without one of em shouldering a Pall on breast and back. In Dr. Chamberlain’s 8 chap: Notitie Angl* by the vast number of Scotish KK. and wast time of their 2090 years cuntinuance, I attribut his mistake to his adhering unaware to the modern Scotish stories. In the same chapter I observe his omission of K. James’s long line of extraction from the KK. of Ireland, of whom in a direct masculin line, not controverted, he sprung. Videsis Ogygiam passim, the Genealogy of K. Alex. ii, William Slatyr’s Pale-Albion, ete. * Prid. Cal. May, 1709. h: in Albis.” INDEX. INDEX. Page. A. BBEYS. . 973, 974 Abbey (Cong), . - 18, 24 Abbey of St. Francis, . 82, ib. n. Abhainn Tuaidhe, . . . 107; n. Achay, last Belgian King of Ireland, . 18 Aghnenure,. . . . . 23, ib. n., 24 , castle of, . 54, ib. n. , lands of, . ' 416, 2. »manorof, . . . . 54,ib. n. Aircin (see Arkin), se s s 178, n. Albeus (St.), Bishop of Imly,. . . . 79 Alexander ui VI., Bulls of, . 161-171 Ally, river of, 62, ib. n. Alms, . . - « «© 6 © « 40, ib. x. Ambergreese . . 94, ib. n., 95 America, . . .- o oe ee: 44 Anabaptists of Galway, 2 8 ew ew we 28 Anchu. See Dovarchu. Ancient maps of Ireland inaccurate, 91, n. Ancient stone crosses, . , 114, n.; 115, a. Angaly, . 2. 2 - 2 © © «© © © « 93 Anglo-Normans, . . 143, 378, 382 Puge. Annals, . . . . .. ól Annals of the Four Masters quoted, . 63, n., 64, n., 65, n., 78, n., 187 of Ulster, . . 187 Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, » 441 Antrim, County of, . . . . . . . 415 Apparitions, . 69, ib. n. Ara, signification of, oe eo wo se 90 Ara Sanctorum ....... .- 79 Ara-Coemhan, .. . . « %5,%., 87, 90 Ara- Mhor . . . iss 76 Aran, . 7, 69, 76, n., 80, 84, 86 , Abbots of, . .. . . « « 80 ——, cliffs and rocks of, . .° . . 18 ——, half barony of, ... . - 6 ———, isles of, . 7, 10, 15, 37, 43, 65, ib. n. 66. n., 68, 71, 78, m, 92 , churches of the, . 74, n. 75, n. ——, lesser, . . se ew ew ,. . 609 ——, middle island of, . « eo 119, ib. n. ——., saintsof, . . .« « « « « 8%,n. Archbishops’ and bishops’ palls, . 440, 442 Archisinedrus, . se. - 114, n. Anglo-Norman (early) document, . 2966 | Ard.. . 2. 2 2 © © © ei, 93 Anhin (St.), - . 54,n. | Ardberra Haven, . . . 111,ib. n., 112 Annaghdown (see Enaghdun), 3, n. | Ardes, castle of, . 101, n, 102 3L2 444 Page. -» 76, n., 91, 114, ib. n., 115, 118 Arkin, castle and manor of, . 78, ib. x., 82 Armorica Galviensis, its literal mean- ing, . . 421, ib. x. Arren, barony of, summary of lands i in the . all Art, king of Ireland, slain, . 43, 147 Articles of Peace, signed by Morogh O'Flaherty na doe and followers, after the rebellion in Mayo and Connaught, 396, Ard Oilen, 75, 397, 398, 399 Athacind, 371, 371,2. Athdearg, church of, - 118 Athenry, . 43, 84, ib. n., 85, ib. n., 273 I —S, barony, its lands, . 325 ——, battle and plunder of, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272 ————, St. Dominick’s Order of, . . 39 Athlone, 302, 303 » barony of, i its lands, 318, 319 Ath mic cinn, . 37), ib. x. Athy (Margaret), se ew ew ew 40 Augustin, or Austin (St.), 83, n., 188, 438 Augustine (St.), Order of Hermits, 40, ib. n., 155 (St.), Order of Hermits of, and endowment of the, . . , 243 Author's various productions, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425 » some small treatises by him, 419, 442 ‘‘QObservations on Dr. Bor- lace’s Reduction of Ireland,” from MS. in possession of the Right Hon. the Earl of Leitrim, . 431, 434 “ Animadversions on Dr. Cham- berlain’s Subjection of the Bishops of Ireland to the Archbishop of Canter- bury,” 437, 442 Page. Author, death of, . . . . . . . 6B B. Baile-colu, in Clare, . . . . 372, ihe Baker (Sir Richard), his “ Chronicles of the Kings of England” quoted, . 441 Baker's Chronicle in Q. Elizabeth, Ae. 1559, . «© © « -« se « « « 43 Balinrobe, Fryar’s house of, oe we we GF Ballinaboy, . . . oe 2 © « Bile. Ballinahinch, half baronies of, 92, 2., 94. 2. barony of, . . . . 97,408 Ballinasloe, . . . . - Si, ibs, 200 Ballinclare, Bulla pro Vicariis de, 168, 171 Ballintobber, barony of, its lands, 352, 3538 Bally-Colgan, i.e. O’Colgan’s-town, 369, ib. a. Bally-conlachtna, . .. . .$71.ib. a. Ballymac-Conroy, . . . . « »« . 381 Ballymote, Book of, quoted, . . 362, 363 Ballynakill, . . . « « « so. DID Ballynakill, harbour of, . . . . . 6 —— parish church of, .. . 116, ib.2. Ballyndeonagh castle, . . . 47, ib. a. 49 Balymac-conroy, res 2 | | Balynchala, parish of, . . . . 45, m, 46 Balyndown, . . - » «© « « « « 1 Balyndown haven, . . . . .- «. . 100 Balyndown or Balynduin parish, . 34, 108 Balyndeonagh, . .. . eo IW Balynahinsy, . . - ° - « ° 106, 128 Balynahinsyor Balynehynsye, barony of, 4, 5, n., 6, 43, 44, 45, 52, 69, 71, 73, 92, ib. n., 120, 122, 311 Balynahinsy lake, ee - 106 Balynahinsy river, . . . ee. « » IO Barlow (William), Prior of Bisham, . 448 Barna, castle off. . . . . . 59,_, 60 ———., townland of, ...... 3 . white cliff of, 60, ib. a. Barr (St.}, his wooden image. . . 99.3. 445 Page. Barrett (Richard), of Ennis, a song, viz., ‘“* Eéghan cóir,” in Irish, 292, 293 Barry (Robert), . . 115, n. Beagh,. . . 2 ee - 370 Bealagh-na-fearbag, oe ee ew © 86 Bealagh-na-finnis, . 92, ib. n. Bealagh-na-haite, - 92, ib. n. Bealagh-Lougha Lurgan - 92, ib. n. Bealagh narfearboys - 8 - 92, ib. x. Beasts, . . . o 8 8 9, ib. n. Beatheach, . . . 370, ib. n. Bede (Venerable) . 116, n,, 439, 440 Begara. . . oe et ey ew ef 08 Belanambreac, river, 50, ib. n. Belathnabay . H1, n. Belathnabay river, - 119 Belge, ancient colony of the, , é 6 « 125 Belgians overthrown, 18, ib. 2. Belgmen in Ireland, reliques of the, . 78 Bellahawnes barony, lands of, 339, 340 Bellalahen, barony of, lands of, . . 334 Bellamo, barony of, its lands, . 327, 328 Bellaneslowe, castle of, . . . 31, 269 Benedict (St.), 75, n. Benign (St), . . - 110, 2. Bennabeola, mountains of, 106, ib. n., 112 Beola, . . - . . + e 105,12, 106, n. Berchann (St.), - . - «© « « IR Berminghams (the), ancient barons of Ireland, . « 973 Bernard (S.), . 400, 401 Bindowglass . . 107, 104, n. Binghame (Sir Richard), detested by the native Irish . . 394, n. Bingham (Sir George) of Castlebar, . 418 Bingham (Sir lenar), 186, 334, 356 Binn Aite, . E 92, n. Birds, . 1218 Birmingham, Anglo-Norman family of, 85, n. Bishops, 437, 442 Page. Black. See Blake. Black (Richard Cadell), . . . . . 82 Black Booke of Athlone, . . 431, 432 Blackford Haven, 102, ib. n., 104 Blackrock Haven, . . . . . 118,ib.x. Blacksod Haven, . 119, n. 120 Blake (Henricus), 201, 202 (John) the humble peticon of, 192, 193, 194, 195 (Johan.), Major Galwy,. . 220, 222 (Johan. oge), Inventarium bono- rum et debitorum et ejus Testamen- tum, . . 198, 199, 200, 201 (Johannes f. Hen.), Testamentum, 205, 206, 207, 208 (Joh. fil. Walteri), . . 196 ——- (Marcus), Mayor of Galway, . 37 —— (Nic.), . 210, 211, 212 —— (Nicolas), digpensacio pro, et pro Sescilia uxore ejus, . 233 (Richard), his ancestors gifts to the Colledge of St. Nycholas, Galway, 233, 234, 235 —— (Richard), and his heiress, 228, 229 ——_ (Ric.),. . 210, 211, 212 —— (Sir Richard), . . - « « ST (Robert Fitz Walter), mayor of Galway,. .. . . . 38 —— (Sily), . 201, 202 ——-(Thomas), .. 2 2 6 37 (Sir Valentine), Bart., - 2 « 37 (Valterus), dispensacio maritagii pro, et Juliano Lynch, . . . 216,217 (Walter), Bishop of Clonmac- noise, confirmation of, 224, 225 (William fy Geffrey), arbitryment inter, et Joh. fy Henry Blake, . 204, 205 (Willielm), . . . 201, 202 Blakes of Galway, 32, 192, 211, 212, 213, 233, 234, 235 446 Page. Blakes of Galway, pedigree of the, trá 218 Blake's Hill, Sa Blev (John), priest, . é Bodkin (Christopher), . . . . . . ne (Mr. Dominick), (Richard), mayoralty, time of, . Bofin, 44, ib. n. 73, nT! Isles, 115, ib. n., 116, 118, 294 Bonbonann, . 51, 51 Bonbonan, river, 50, ib. n. Bonorum, Inventarium 198, 199 Bonowan, castle and manor of, in Irros- more, . . . 108, ib. n. , manor of, 107, ib. n. 118 Bonowan-an-coin, river, . 120 Book of Rights, quoted, 149, 143 Bordering Island, - 110, ib. n. Borlace’s (Dr.), Reduction of Ireland, Author's observations on, 431, 434 Bourke (Sir Richard), . 335, 338 (Walter Fada), . 62, ib. x. (Sir William), Lord Warden of lreland, Sa, ib. n., 39, ib. n., 47 Bourkes of Mayo county, 39, ib. n., 241, 242, 386 Bowen (Robert), of Castlecarra, Esv., 58, n. Boyle, abbey of, . . 379 -, barony of, its lands, . 355, ib. x. Boyne, battle of the, . 262 Branhagh (Murtagh Boy), 26 Brannock, . GR, nr. Brecan (St.), . 79, n. Briefney, chiefs of, 144, 145, 146 r I Brendon (St), 22, ib. n., 42, 75, n., 81,82, n., | 104, 154, 155 -————— (St), a well dedicated to, 33. —— —— _‘St.), statue of, OR, ne —— ‘St.:, when he died, 45, nó. Breny O'Roy rke, 347, 348 Bretas, lurds of) 4s Page Brian, race of, . 126, 127 Brian Boramy (King of ireland) his well, . 2. 2. 2 ew 7 . 185 Brian Boroimhe, . . 366 Brian, son of Eochy Moyvane, twenty- four sons ol, . . so. I Bridges, . oe ee - 41, iba. Bridget (St.), . . . . 2 . H3 (St.), chapel dedicated to, Kil- bride,. . . a 45 (St.), “ noble anddev out visitors” come to, . . 96. 2. Brimstone river, . . . . . 5 Brit. Mus. Cotton. Titos B. xiii. fol. 446, 396, 398 Brooks,. . . . 2 6 «© «© « 99 2 Brown (Andrew), Mayor of Galway . 8; Brown (Oliver), . . . . « ib. Bruin river, . ea .. - 3 Brymegham’s country, . . . . 329, 330 Bulls (Pope's) and Briefs, . . . 156, 179 Bunowan, . . . 6. « . 2 . 83 Bunowen, castle and manor of, 106, ib. x. Burgagio, . . é . . 8 Burgo (Richard de), 32, 38, n., 51, 222, 995. 943 Burgo (Ricard. de), Canon. Duacensi, Bulla pro, . . - © © NENA Burgo ( Walter de), his death, . . . 3 Burgo (Wil. de), . 201, 220, 221 Burough, town of, 30, ib. a. Burk ( Edmond), put to death, 46, ib. 2., 47 Burk (Lord John), . . . ..° . 38 Burke (Edmond},. . . . 2 . . 20 Burke (Rd.), the Red Karl of Ulster, 188. 189 Burke (Ulick),. . 342. Burke, Walter, sun of W illiam, . . 250 Burke (William), « 4, Burk (William), Earl of Ulster, . $2 447 Page. Burkes (The) of Limerick,. . . . . 48 Burkes of Mayo, . . - 189 Burkes (The), battle between, and Kel- leys, . 2 2. 2 2 6 e © . 149 Burren, . 245, 246 Burren, abbey of, . . 245 Burren, chieftains of, . . . . . . ib. Burren, mountains of, . . . . . . ib. Burreshowle, barony of, lands of, . . 333 Burreskerra, barony of, lands of, . , 334 Burriscarra, . . + By le Bush (Mr.), his work quoted, . » . « Ó? 2K. C. Caddle, see Blake. Caddle (Richard), - 32, 192-195 Cahernally, . . , 271, n. Cailin (St), . . - « - 104 Cailin (St.), chapel and well of, 110, ib. n. Caithness, . . . oo ,. 125 Cambrensis Eversus, by Gratianus Lu. CtUs, a ,9, n. Cambrensis (Giraldus), misinformed, 80, ib. n. Camden,. ... . 30 Camden's Giraldus Cambrensis, 432, 437, 441 Canterbury (Archbishops of), subjection of the Irish bishops to, . 440, 442 Caradoc (St.), Garbh, . . . . . . 84 Cara-more, . - 106 Carbry, barony of, its ‘ands - 341, 342 Cargin, . ee. 2 + . 25 Carn Ceora, . 147 Carolan's Irish Song of “é Pearla an chúil oir,” remarks on, . 417 n. Carr, . . . +. ee 3n., 347 n. Carrickmacken, -,- « 40, ib. n. Carrigmeacan, . . 70, ib. xn. Carte's Life of Lord Ormonde, remarks on, . «6 « «© « «© «© © ia . 406, n. Cathal Crove-darg, . {,n., 137, 378, 379 Page. Casla, . 63, ib. n. Casla Haven, . . ...... +. 63 Casla, river of, . . ... cé é ibe, Cassinhaven, . . . , . . 64n.,65,97 Castles (West Connaught) built, re- paired and rebuilt by Irish chiefs, 3, 4, n., 106, ib. n., 387, ib. n., 408 Castleconnel, lords of, . . . » . 48 Castlehaven, Earlof, . .... . 96 Cat. Stow MSS. p. 168, quoted, 139, 140 Cathair-na-hailighi, . . 371, ib. n. Cathair-nam-ban, . o 8 78, n. Cathal (St.), church of,.. . . . 3869,n. Catherlagh,. . . .. . 415 Catholics (Roman), state and remains of. in 1709, . . . . . 57, 2., 80, xn. Cathradochus (St.), . . . . . . « ib. Cattle, . . ...... . 15,ib n. Cavan, county of, . . . 125 Cawlovyn, half barony of, . . 344 Ceannannach (St.), . 75, n. Cean-droma, . . 371, ib. x. Ceasoir, the ‘‘the antediluvian nymph,” 147 Chamberlain's (Dr.) ‘‘ Subjection of the Bishops of Ireland to the Archbishop of Canterbury,” animadversions on by our author, . . . . . . . 4387, 442 Chancery in Ireland, a plaintin 1717 . 429 Chappells, . 14, 186, 187 Chappell “ (Our Blessed Lady's) in the middle isle of Aran” . . . , 86 Charles II., King of England, 26, ib. n, 426, 427, 432 Chiefs of Connaught, ... . . 144 Chieftains (ancient Irish), notices of, 364, etc. Chinese chronology, . , 434, 437 Chronology of important events con- nected with early Irish history, 433, 434 Church, King’s supremacy over the, . 37 Churches, chapels, &c. 14, 74, ib. n. 448 Page. Church. See “ Tempull.” Church, Our Ladie’s, Galway, 39, 274, 275, 276 Church- Wardains, . 237, 238, 239, 240 Cill-Cillbile, . 370, ib. n. Cistercian Order, . . . . . . 102,n. Clagann, deede of the, A. D. 1612, . . 258 Clancarty, Earl of, . . . . . . . 26 Clandonells, 300, 301 Clane-Costellae, barony of, lands of, 332 Clan Fergail, townlands of, 253, 254 Clanmorys, barony of, lands of, . 332 Clan Murray, race of, , 136 Clanrode, customs of, . 361 Clan Ulein, . ei. 48 Clans (Irish), . . 372, n., 373, ib. n., 400 Clanrickard, . . . . se é se 00 , indenture of ‘the lands of the territory of, 323, 324, 325, 326 Clanricarde, Earl of, 26, ib. n., 34, n.; 86, 268, 323, 325, 416, n., 417 Clanricarde’s (Earl of), Report to the Lord Deputy concerning the battle of Athenry. 270, 271 Clanricarde, Memoirs of the Marquis of, remarks on, . . 406, n. Clare, 9, n., 358, 362, 419 , barony of, 21, 25,33, 126, 147, 148, 149 , its lands, . . « 8324 —, and settlers of, . . 148 , castles of, . 148 ——~, castle “of . 269 Clarence, Dutchess of, . . . . . . 47 Clayer, “lezpan bay, . 118, n. Clerzy's Isle, . . . . ° . . 28 , Clifford (Coniers), State of Connaught, \. D. 1596, quoted, . Clifts (High), of Aran, &c. . 247 . 65, ib. n. , county of, . 43, 65, ib.. n., 79, 92, 304 | | Colman (St. )» third Irish Bishop of Lan- . 231. Pege. Climate,. . . ... . « «© « Om Cloggin, . . . « « « ,. FIG ibe Cloghans, . 82, n., 68, ib. z., 114, a. 115 Clochanhiarla, ..... .6-.. 3 Cloghan Leo, ..... . ,H5.3. Clonbirn, Bulla pro, . . . . 161, 168 Cloneen, . . se @ © © SO Clontarf, battle of, o 8 eww wll 360 Cluain-ai, . . . . « « . 370, ib a Cluainmacnois, .. ...+.e «- @ first abbot off. . . . 79 Cnoc- Tuadh, battle off. . . . . . 169 Cod fishing sand bank, . . . . 72," 73 Coelan (St.), . . . » « « 23, 103, 106 Coeishaly Roe, . . ... . S22 Coeman (St.), . 75, 2., 87, ib., 2., 80, = Coeman’s (St.), church, . . . . . 91 —— burying-place, 88, ib. 2., 89, ib. a. Coemain-airne, . . . . . . . 90,91 Coemgin (St.), . . . - + « » 68,91 Cogan (Lord John), ..... . 548 Colgan noticed, . 76, ., 90, ib. 2., 91, ib. a. 115, 116 Colle Victorie, Abbey de, Knockmoy, . 232 Colledge of St. Nicholas, Galway, gifts tuthe, ... ” « » 233, 234, 296 College (Trinity), Dublin, King James First's improvement of, by maintain- ing and educating in the English reli- gion and habits, . . . . . . 4202. ——-8— lands granted to, ee. 417,418 disfarn, England,. . . . . WY Colman's (St.), monastery, . . . L1G = , church, . . . . Jlé,2 Coloony, townof, . . . . . . Si, Columb's (St.), order, . . . . 489,440 . Columb-Hille, altar of... us, 449 Page. Commissioners of Woods and Forests, 49, n. Conall (St.), . . . 75, n. Conall Dearg, St. Enna, son of,. . . 79 Conamara wedding, a song in Irish, 286, sq. Con Cedchathach, . ... . . 22,%. Coneely (Clan), 27,7. Coneys, family of, . 11,an. (Matthew), of Ardbear, . . 111, n. —- (Robert), Esq., of Ballynaleame, 110, n. (Walter), Esq., . . 112,27. Cong, 7,n., 48, ib. n., 113 ,castleof, . . 2... +. 49 , isthmus and river of, . . 7, 21, 49 ——-, monastery or abbey of, 8, n., 49 ,parishof,. . . . . .. . 49 —-, river of, ....... . 5O Conmacny (ancient) family, . 110 Conmacny-culy barony, ... . . 94 Conmacny Dunmore, . . 94, ib. x. Conmacnymara, . 31, 92, 93, ib. n., 116 Conmacny-rein, . . . . . . , 110 Conn, race of, . 126 Connaught in the seventeenth century, 417, ib. n., 418, ib. n. , province of, divided into counties,. . « e . 125, 127 , Christian kings of, list of, compiled by Peter O'Connell, . 128, ag. ——_—__—_—., ecclesiastical division of, 179, 180 , the entire territory of, con- fiscated, oe ew ew . 417 »government of, . . * ° 47 in 1579, 303, 304 , kings of, 142, 143 , the king’s officers of, 139, 140 , free princes of, . . . 142 , lords, chieftains, gentle- men, &c., of, . 397 »L. Presidentand Counsell of, 236 IRISH ARCH. 80C. I5. Page. Connaught, western coasts of, 27, 2., 73 , bridgesin,. . . . .. 4/1 , state of country described, 8, 57, ib. n. , geology of,. . . 184, 185 » the whole country a scene of confusion and blood, . 379 , wars and dissensions in, 48, ib. n., 366 and Munster, war between, 374, 375 , by order of King Henry III., seized and delivered over to Richard de Burgo, . . 379 " Composition between Queen Elizabeth and the lords, &c., of Con- naught, . , 299 . 84, R., 309-338 ——___—___, division of, a MS. in the British ““ composition,” Museum, quoted, . . . . ° . 148 Connaught, Iar, or West, . . 37, 126 » ancient appellations of, . 126 , ancient divisions of, 1, n., 125, 126 ——_——_——., borders of, .... . 44 ,extentof, . . . 1, 125, 126 , the O’Flaherties masters of the entire territory of, . 382 ——- people of, 15, ib. n.; 16, ib. n. , Mountains of, . . 13, n. , houses of thatched, 58, n., 59, n. ———— agriculture in, . 58, ib.n., 59 , patents in capite of, . . 78 (See Eyre-Conaght.) cons ts ie Conymares. . . . . 98, n. Coote, Sir Charles, Knt,, Earl of Mont- rath and President of Connaught, 41, ib. n., 244, 414, 426, n. Corcamro, barony, .. . ... . . 65 3M 450 Page. Corcamro, infidels of, . 79, ib. n. Corcoga, mountains of,. . . . . 121 Cork, county of, . 415 Corn, . .... . 58, n., 59 Cornish choughs, . . 67 Corporation book (orig.); . . 35, n. Corrib Lough, - 18, n., 2), n. —————X, waters of, 28, n. Corrine, barony of, its lands, 343, 344 Council book (original), Dublin Castle, quotations from, 294, 295 Coverdale (Myles), . . 442 Cowloviyn,. . . . | 847, n R. Cowly (Robertus), Magist. Rotul. Reg. Cancel. Hibern., . 232 Crest of O'Flaherty, . 368, ib. n. Crocodile (Irish), . .., 19, n. extraordinary attack of a, 19, 20 Croghan, hill of, . . 141 Cromlin river, . 62, ib. n., 63 Crompan, creeke of, . . . 62 Cromwell, time of, . 78, 79 Cronan (St.), . 75, n. Crua island, . 1, n. Cruagh na Eily, . . 102, ib. n. Cruach-Patrick, inountain of, in Mayo, 5], n. Cruachan, . . . 142 , King of, . . 143 Cruagh Coclann, . . 102, ib. n. . IH4 . 5, th. n. Cruagh-ar-ni-may, Cruagh mhic Dara, . Cruana (St.) church, . 370, n. Cruanakeely, . 102, n. Culfinn river, . . 120 , Cumin’s (St.) well, . 53, ib. n. Cure, extraordinary, at St. Augustine's well, near Galway, A. D. 1673, —. 88, n. Curry (Eugene), Esq., . . 95, n. . Page. D. Dalcassians, the,. . . . . .. . 33% Dal-Messincorb family, . . . Bvib. a. Danann nation, . . . . . . 18,203! Danes or Normans,. ... . . . “i Danes of Limerick, . . . . . 9ibae Darcys (the) of Galway, . se. AM Darcy (James), mayor of Galwar, . . & Darcy (James Reagh), his house, . . 34 Dathy, the last Irish pagan king: mo- nument of, . . . . ee . MI Daughters (seven), well of the, - -10,2 Dealbhna Feadha, ancient territory of, 52, 8. De Burgos (the), . . . . 149, 273, 380 De Burgo (William Fits Adelm), 378, 379 Dede of delyveraunce, . . . . . . 3908 Deer (large red),. . 121, ib. =., 122, ib. an. Destitution amongst the Irish gentry, 437, ib. m., 428, ib. an. Develyn (James), portriffe of Galway, . 34 Develyn’sarms, . . ... . 3a, Digby (John). . . . - « . . Ha. Dillon (Theobald), . . . . . . . 800 Dillon's arms,. . sis... MÓ Dinn Seanchus, quoted, - + « - De Dogs, - 114, ib. a. Dominick's ( St. ) “abbey, or abbey of Tombeola, near Galway, - . . 48 Dominick's (St.) Order, 39, 40, 105, ib. a. Domnach Patruig, church of,. . . . 148 Donegall, rats of, . 263, 264, 385 Donetmore, barony of, indenture of its lands, . . - . 339, 330 , Donkillin, barony “of, its lands, - S24, 385 ' Donoman, castle of. See Dunaman. Dovarchu, 7. e. awater dog, . . . . 30 Down, castle of, . Lis, 988 Downe, county of, . . . . . « . $@S 451 Page. Downing (Robert), his description of Mayo quoted, -4n. Dowras, . 118 , haven of, 118, ib. n., 119 Drobhais river, . 195 Drogheda, . 85, n. Dromahire,. . 346, n. Drowes river, . . . 125 Duach Teangumha, . . 364, ib. n. Dubh-Cathair, . .... . 71 n. Dublin,. . . . . © ee“ 33 and Galway, a comparison be- tween, from 1600 to 1650, . 421 (old), castle built, . , 434 , county of, . . 415 , Ostmans of, 441, 442 Duck Island, 109, ib. n., 110 Duleasg, - 99, ib. n. Dun, town of, . . . . .-... 30 Dun Angus, 76, ib. 2., 77, ib. n. , cliff of, . . 66, n. , fortress of, . . 71 n., 78, n. Dunaman, . . 377 , castle of, . 25, ib. n., 26, n., 32 Dun Conchobhair, 77, n. Dun Eden, ......-... 30 Dun Eoghanact, . . 77,7. Dun Eochla, . . . . . + « + « ib. Dunkellin, . ee 3, n. , barony of, . . . . . - 30 Dunloe, castle of, built. . . . . . ál Dunmore, barony of, . 94, ib. n. Duwaghta, river of, . . 50, ib. n. Earl's island, . 46, ib. n., 47 Easdara abbey in shgee, . 118 Easroe,. . . ~ 2 ew w) TYR , salmon leap of. - eo ew ew ew GF Page. Easter, national controversy on the time proper for holding, , 439 Eastern Isle, 86, n Eastmeath, county of, . 415 Echinis, . i 28, ib. n. Edenburow, . . . 80 Education in fifteenth century, Galway, 215 —— “studying beyond the Seas,” 405 Edwardus IITI., Rex ang ~ + « « 88 Edward (King) VI., . 232 Eel, knife and purse, story of the, 50, ib. n. Egbert (S.), - » « - 439 Elections, . . . ee e ew ie. é. 88 Elizabeth ( Queen), . . 78, ib. n., 384 ——-—, or the “ugly hag,” 387 ——., her Government in Ireland, 895 n., 490, ib. n. ——_—____——_——, composition between, and the Lords, &c., of Connaught, . 299 , her letter in favour of Connor, earl of Thomond, 359, 360, 36], 362 Enachduin, or Enaghdun, . 154-156 » bishop of, . . . . 155, 156 , Bulls relating to the dio- cese of, . 156-179 diocese, . 218, sq. — , extent of diocese of, 8, n., 33 —_——___—__, cathedral of, . ,. 1, 6 Enagh Coclain, . 23, 24 Endeus (St.), . EA n., 15,n. , his life quoted, . 42, n. England, Commonwealthof,. . . . 41 , the Irish chiefs and persons of rank educated there, . . 420, ib. n. English (the), their knowledge of Iar- Connaught before 1500, , 383 English families in Connaught, . - 308 é English taverns” of Connaught, 251, 252 3M 2 452 Page. English and Irish (some account of the) at the time of the Rebellion of 1641, 406, ib. n., 407, ib. n. Engus, of Dun-Engus 86 Engus-kele-de, . . 2 2 91 Engus, King of Munster, : 79 Enna (St.), patron of Aran, 23, 61, ib. n., 79, ib. n.;, 81, 88, 97 82 88 83 , his church, » chappell of, , where buried, Enoregremore, alias Irrish, barony of, lands of, . 333, 334 Eochie mac Lughti, his head, “as big as anye cauldron,” 2 . £16, n. Eochoill, village of, 77, n. Eochaidh Muighmheadhoin, . . 364 Eoghan Beul, King of Connaught, 33, n.; 185 Eoghan, clan, . . 401 Eóghan cóir, a song in Irish, . 292, 293 Erla family, . . . 273 (Philippus), filius Willielmi, . 196 Erris, barony of, . 73, n. Estates, reclaiming of, . 211, 212 Eughter, Mac William, 300, 301, 307, 335 Evil spirits, 69, ib. n. , the craft of, . 261, 262, 263 Europe before 1100, . 372, 373 Eyre-Conaght, lands of, indenture of the, aa 309, sa. s, the divisions of, 310, 311] Examination taken before Robert Clarke, Esq., one of the Justices of Galway, 408, sq Excommunicatio contra Malefactores in Collegium, . 167 Extraordinary apparitions, superstitions, &e., 261, 262 Poege. F. Failmir, river of, . . eo 8 32 Family systems, Scotland and Ireland, 372, $73, ib. n., 374, a. Famine in 1674, . . . +--+.» - & Fanatics,. . ee © «© «© «© « « 1B Fasting days, . . . . - - . I3,iha Fearmore, . . . . . « e « « « & Fearta Geige, . . . « »- - « « - 5 Fechin (St.), 106, ib. »., 112, =., 113, 115, 779 , abbey dedicated to, . . . 18 ——_———, monastery founded by, 7,2, 114, 2 —__—__——., wells in memory of, 106, 113, 120, 121, 2. Fedlim, King of Connaught, . . . . 35 Fenagh, in the County Leitrim, . . . 110 Feudal system,. . . . . .- . 372, 373 Fidhnac (abbey of), . . . . . . . HW Finnis, . . .. ,e . . ,. . 9S,ihe Finntan's eminence, . . 1. Fiannchaom, . . oe we oe ew Bem. Firbolgs. See Belge. Firbolg chieftains, . . » 1s Fish (various), 11, 12, 18, 19, 26, 27, 29, 43, 44, 49, 50, 52, 53, 59, 61, ib. n., 63, 72, n. 73, n., 95, 97. 102, 106, 108, 118 , 4 monster, . - - €8 ——., names of, in Irish,, . . . J3, iba Fishing, . . . . . « 183, 184 Fishing colonies in Ireland, . o - » 4338. Fiton (Sir Edward), President in Con- naught, . . . ~ 2 « « 6 . 306 Fitz Gerald (Maurice), . . 51, ib. a. Fitzpatricks (the) of Aran, 429, ib. n., 490, ib. =. Fitz William (Sir William), Knight, Lord Deputy of Ireland... . . 453 Page. Flaherty (Michael), of Parke, gent., . 429 —- (Sir Moragh), of Ahgnenure, 60, ib. n. Flahertie (Roger) of Moycullin, our au- thor's grandfather, . . 387, 388 A “brief noate” of his damages and lostes, caused by “ Mo- roghe na doe O’Flahertie’ and fol- lowers, 388-395 Flanan (St.), first bishop of Killaloe, 24, 109, ib. n. »hischurch,. . . . . 112 Flet (Roger de), Seneschal of f Connaught, 47 Foran more, sé. . . 281 Forbagh, river of, . 61, ib. n. Ford ofthe Kings, . . , « « 84 Fordremon (Lough) in Kerry, ei. 43 Formnamor mountains, . 8, 45 Fortification, old, . 86, ib. n. Fothart, house of, . 113 Fovar, abbey of, in Meath, . 113 Four Masters (the), Annalists, seldom wrong, . . 286, ib. n. Fowl, . . . 95 Foxes, hares, &c., abhorred by the fisher- men of Galway . 100, n., 101, n. Francis (St.), abbey, Galway, . . . 38 —_____- ——, £5 be- queathed to the friars of by Richard Martin for their prayers for his soul, 418 Franklin, . 72, n. French ( Anthony) Fitz-Peter, - - « 86 (Nicolas Oge), . ~ 2 « « 244 (Oliver Oge), Mayor,. . . . 40 (Sir Peter), . . . . 1... 87 French mice, . 82, ib. n. Fryar’s isle, 28, 114, ib. n. Fryer’s House of Balinrobe, , 251 Fuathaidh, castle of, . . 384 Fuogh, bridge of, . . . . . . . 58 Page. Fuogh, castle of, . . . ... 53 , river of, ... .. . . 52 Furanmor, Bulla pro 165, 166 » Collacio Archiepiscopi super Rectoriam et Vicariam de, . . 217 Furse (St.), of Perone, . 22, ib., n. Fursey (St.), . - 75, n. »hischurch, . . . . 87],n. Fyshe-townes, . 361, 362 G. Gailleamh, . 28, n., 29, n. Gaillve, Dunbo na, . . .... . 30 Gairge, river of, . . - 2 « « 46 Gallene, barony of, lands of . 334 Galloglas, . . . 361 Galway, 6, 8, ib. n., 11, 97, “98, 33, ib. n., 41, 48, 59, 60, 61, 65, 72, 84, 85, 102, 125, 208 , next to Dublin, the most distin- guished place in Ireland from 1600 to 1650, . . . 421 , taken and plundered, . 34, n. , bay of, 37, 42, ib. n., 52, 53, 244, 245 Bay, herring fishery of, . . . 63 ——— castle of, . . 31, 32 » castle of, demolished, 25, ib. n., 31 » county of, 36, 94, 126, 302, 413, 414 , town of, . 27, ib. n., 30, 55, 57, n. — besieged by the Parliamentary forces in 1651, . 41,42 , burned, . ...... =. 32 —_——., annals of, . 81, sq. key (i.e. quay), . . . . .. 33 —_—., assizes of, . ...... 87 ——_, marshall law of, . . . 37 , annual magistrates or portriffs of, 34 —— sheriffs of, . . . .. .. 36 , governours of,. . . . . . 37 , mayor of, 35, n., 36 454 Page. Galway, (Mayor of, communication con- cerning the battle of Athenry, 271, 272 ., poor maydens of, 36, n. ———, people of, 16, sn. , corporation of, . . . 86 —___—., liberties of the town of, . 10, 36 ———-, St. Augustine's well, . 89, n, 90, n. , river of, 7, 21, 27, 28, 29, 50, 52, 58, 55 , Fiver of, dried up, - 377 ,sea-point of, . . . . - « (2 , college of, 214, 215, 222 , an order on behalf of the col- ledge of, . 228, 229 » old collegiate library, . 391 , Dun of Galway, 31 —- , burned, 32 ————, fishermen of, 62 s fish, 63 —_———, Blakes of, . 32 , the Lynches of, 36, 2. —, Christmas in, . 35, 7. hospitality, . 35. n. Galvie, Vardianus, . 226, 227 Garmna, , 64, n., 65 Gauls (ancient), . 30 Gill, a fisherman of Galway, curious ac- count of the death of, . 100, ib. n. Giraldus Cambrensis. See Camden. Glentre[s]ky, . . 46,ib. n. Glindalough, abbot of, . . . 88 Gnoheg, 252, 255 , on the East, 62 , on the South, . . 452 ——- lands of, . 388 , depositions concerning the an- cient proprietors of the lands of, 391, 392 Gnobegge, processus de, 174, 178 | Gnomore, 252, 253 | ——- (See Loughmore Lake), . Page. Gnomore, parishesof, . - ee. ————, onthe North,. ... =. ——___—., onthe West, .... . Gnowbeg, bulla pro parochia de, . 156. ag. Goban (St), . . - 2 »« « » IS Gobnat (St.), Virgin, chappell of, . - 91 Golamhead, .... .. « «- @2,91 ,capeof, . . . . . 65,92 Gormgal (St.), . . . . . 1148. 115 Grana Weale, . ..... . 316,282,468 Graveyard (St. Colman's), 88, ib. s-, 89, a. Gray (Lord Leonard), indenture of, to King Henry VIII., . . . . . . 33 Great Man's Haven, . 63, ib. n., 64.ib. = Great Man's Bay, . . - 63, ib. a. Gregans, castle and barony of, . . . 366 Gregory (St.), the Great,. . . 80,the Gregory's Sound, . . . . . 80,2, 84 Gregory, the real name of St. Ceannan- nach,. . . . . - + Oe Guizot, (M. 5; his General History of Civilization in Europe, quoted, . . 273 H. Hackets, the English families of, . . 148 Hacket castle, . . . . 6 « © « 1@ Hag castle, . . 18, ib. a., 32, 185, 188 Hag Island, castle of, . . . . . . 35 Harbours, eo ee ee 98, an. 87. a Harriss Ware, quoted, . . . . 05.3. Haselope (Francis), gen, —. . . 48.3. Hanmer (Dr. Meredith), Treasurer of Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, . 461 Hawkes (Irish), 67, ib. x., 115, ib. a, 118, ib. a. Headford, . . . eo 8 4 . 371,2. Hebrigge (Thomas de), - se, « « I Hen’s Island, - es ew ew ew ew ew ew 455 Page. Henry II1., King of England, 379, 380 Henry VIII., King of England, 230, sy. 361, 383 Hermits (St. Augustin’s order of), con- vent of, ee ~ «6 « « « 40 Hibernia Curiosa quoted, 57, n. High Island, oe . 114 Holly wood of Artain, . 152, 153 Holy wells, . 120 Horse Island, . 28, ib. n. Horse’s-shore, . 83, ib. n., 84 Hospital (St. Bridgit’s), . . . . . 40 Houses, thatched, 86, n. Hunting, . . , 121, xn. Hy, abbey of, St. Columb' sorder of, . 439 Hy-Briuin, race of, 135, 137, 363, an. , territories of, . 374 Seola, description of from ancient MS., . 368 Hy-Fiachrach, “ Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of,” quo ted, . 246, 247 — , territories of, . . . 374 Hyfiaghry Aidhne, 51, ib. n. Hy- Maine, lords and chiefs of, . 144 I. Jar-Connaught. See Connaught. Imaire-an Linain, . 49, ib.n., 5] Imaireboy,. . . . . .... . T8 Imany, lands in, . 318, 319, 320, 321 Imay, . 112, ib. n., 114, 115, 279 Inchagoill, . , 24, ib. n. Indentures of composition, 1585, for the territory of Iar-Connaught, . 309, 310 Indenture of composition, “ Many O’Kel- le’s country,” . 318 O’ Madden's country, . Inis an Ghoill, . Page. Inis an Ghoill, how it derives its name, . 24 »its chappells, . . . . 24 Inis-ark, . 115, ib. n., 116, 118 Iniscreawa, island of, . 25, ib. n. Inis-flanann, , 24, ib. n. Inisgerraun, . 28, ib. n. Inisglory, . 81, ib. x. Inisgluaire, . . . . .. =. ~~. ~~. ib. Inis-hiarthuir, ~ 115 Inisleth-dhuine, . 108 . 64,ib. x. - 104, 105, 108 Inismacaw church, Inisnee island, Inisoirthir, . . 86, ib. n. Inistuirk, island of. . , 112, ib. n. Inis ui chuinn, 22, 2. Innescartts, island of, . 361 Innocent (Pope) VIII., Bull of, 156, 157— 160 Insequin, 22, ib. n. Insicreawa (Macamh), ee ie ie is. 25 Insimictrir, . . ..... .. 2 Inveran,. . .. . . 62, ib. n. ,castleof, . . ... . . 62 Inverglassan, river, . 97, ib. n. Invermore, . . . 97, n. Joas, or Joyce, Welsh faraily of (see Juyce), . . so oe ew we 45 Ireland, Lord Deputy of, . 26, 42 had no archbishop till 1152, . 438 Irish Annals quoted, 28, 29 Archeological Society, publication of for 1844, noticed, 246, 247 Catholics, national assembly of at Kilkenny, - - 432 — chieftains, . . 395, an. s description of the esta- blishment and dependencies of, 369-372 descent (ancient), . . 127 321, 322, 323 | — — history in the twelfth century, 374, . 24, ib. n., 186, 187 | 375-378 456 Page. | Irish history in the thirteenth century, 378-382 — Privy Council (books of the), dur- ing the Protectorate, quotations from, 413, 44 — and Scotch clans, . 372, n., 373, ib. n. —— (Wild) of Connaught, . 57," Iron mines, : 13, a. Irrish, alias Bavgremore barony of, lands of, . 333, 334 | Irros, see 96 Irrossinbagh, - + 71, 97, 101, 102 Irrosbeg haven, . hill, Irros Downan, » sea of, Irrosflannan, . . . Irrosflannan Point, . Italy, 3. King of England, 79, 236, 240, 941, 420, n. Jewells of the church of St. Nicholas, curious mortgage of, . + 230 James I., Jocelinus Vita S. Patricii quoted, 15 Journal, (Dublin Penny), A. D. 1633, a mistake corrected, . +e. 490,5n. Joyes (Domini Gregorii), Genealogia, 248, 249 Joyce countrey, 44, ib. n., 52, 94, 119, 120, . 246, 247 Joyces (the) account of, + 16, n., 247 — their first settlement in Iar- . 3892 | Connaught, . Joyce (Edward Grana), of Kilbride, gent os 45, ní (Margaret), Fitz-John, 40, Joyseorum familia, Pera et per- vetusta, . . 248, 249 | Judge (of assizes) fined, . . Julius (Pope) I1., Bulls of, . . Jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Can- sa terbury in Ireland, . . . . Jury (Galway), 2 6 2. ee Jordan Island, . ee Keanngualainn, . . . . « Kells, church of, in Meath, . Kenuanack (St.), (see Coannanach), his chappell, + 86, 118,119, ihe Kenerg (St), . . ee so 8G ibe Kenlagh, eccles. de, . . . . . . 2288 Kennlemy, ... ~~... . « MM Keara, . . . et oo —— barony of, ce Óg — (Lough ..... - Ae Kerra, barony of, Inds of +. 45 886 Kerry, . . +e + + 48,81 Kerry, coumtyof. s,s Kerryhead, Capeof,. . . . . . . @8 Kern (St) of Glendlongh, - 2 he Kieran (St), - 2... 2. TB, ————ehapetot i, tee ,churchof, . . . .. 9 .——hishil,. . . . Te Kilanhin, parish of, . . - 54,ib. as 61 Kilbannon, burned by the English, . . $77 Kilbride, . . 2... . thm 46 Kilcahil, .- - £30, me Joumin, parish church of, .. Sie Kildare, countyof, . . . .. . AIS .Earlof, . . . . 149,150,151 Kilkenny, council of war beld at, 413, 414, as | Kilkilvery,. 5. 6 6. os TO i A Killrg,. 2 6 2 ee Oe 457 Page. Killary, Little, . . » . Nn Killeahill, burned by thé English, “i 377 Kill-Choembain,. . . . 6. 75,m Kilconnell, barony of, . . . . . . 319 Kilcoona, . . is + 370, ib. n. Kill- Enda, church of, we ee T&N Killetaraghe, barony of, its lands, . . 324 Kill-Gradh-an-Domhain, . . . . 75,m lin, , , wee ee ee ibe n. — lands of, ee ee we 64d. me Killmayn barony, . ss ss ws 98 Kill na Callan, . . . . . .370, ib. n. Kill-na-manach, 6... + T&N church, . . ~~ . 84 Killoony, castle of, built, . . . . . 31 Killower, . . . . . 370, ib.n., 371, n. Killursa, . . . 1 1. is 371, ib. n. Kilmain, . . eee 2 Bn, 379 Kilmaine, burned by the English, . . 377 Kilmayn, barony of,. . . . < 17, 18,21 Kilmean, barony of, lands of,. . . . 333 Kilnamanagh,. . . . . . . a 370, 3. Kilt, or philabeg, of the Highlanders f Scotland, . 2... 407, n Kings of Connaught, . . . . . . 144 — palace or ancient residence of, . « eee ee WA inauguration of, 139, ag. —, stipends paid to the chief Lords by, . . . . .139, ag. (Christian) of Connaught, — 128, ag. King's supremacy, oe. 998 King's Bench, Court of, Dublin. Trial of Robert Martin in 1735, . . 295, 296 King’s County, . . 2. 6... 415 King’s (the) sword,. . . 2... 36 Kirke castle, : 6 6 1 1 6 6 33 isle. . ++» 24, ib. n., 25 island, castle of, demolished, .. 95 Kirvan (Richard), . . 2. sisi, 94 Page. Kirwan (Bishop) we Ae Knock,. ce 2 6 6 6 2 ee + + 108 Knocktow, battle of, . . + 149-154 Knocktuaskert, . . . . oe eM Koelshaly Roe, . . . . . 44,ib.n., 45 Koylagh, . . 2... 4. 61 Kulmaile, castle of, built, . . . . . 31 Kylcomyn,. . . - ee ee is 931 Kylleommyn, eeclesia de, see ii, 992 Kollruyn, eeclesiade, . . éis ib Kyltullaghmore, eastell of, . . . . 9H Kynmara, Bulla pro Vicariis de, . 68-171 L. Lackagh, townland of,. . . . 369,ib.n. Lacy (Hugh de), . . . . . 36,51, 52 — (William do, 2.1... 36 Laidir (Edmond), . . . . . . H8,a. Lakes, . 1 1 1 ee ee ee 99,n. (ancient) of Ireland, . . . . 43 Lammas-day,. . 6 + BAT Land, sums paid by landholders for ma- nuringof, . . . . . . «807, 308 Lands, seizure of, . . . . . 192,89. —-—divisionof, . . . . . . 908 Landlords (tyrannic) of Connaught, 57, n. Lanfrane(S.), s+ 6 ee Al Lanigan (Dr.) noticed, . , , . 76,n. Latocnaye (Mons’.), . . . . . Qin Lawroill, . + + 64m, 65 Lawsuit in Ire nd in 1717, ce is 499 Leaba Phadruig,. . . . . 4 . H7,n. Leabhar na g-ceart quoted, . . 142, 443 LeacLeo,. 2... 1. .) H5,n. Leac Sinach, . . 2 2. 1 1 6. 102 Leaght Fathacan river, . . . . . 120 Leamhehoill, . . . +. 84, ibn Ledwich’s Antig. quoted, 13,m, 80, n., 81, 2. Leeches - ee ss 18,ib. a. IRISH ARCH. 80C. 15. 3N 458 Page. Leenane, ridge of, + 49, ib. a. Lhuyd (Edward) author of Archaologia Britannica, remarks on, . . . 427, ib. . Leinster, cis te 88 "English forces of, s,s 52 —, (king of), seven daughters fy. ee ie ie ee M Leitrim, barony of, its lands, 325, 326, 340, ,, 348, 2. boundaries of, . . 347, n., 348, a. county of, . . . . . 94,413 Earl of, copies from MSS. in his possession, . . . 431-434, 437-442 Leland (Dr. Thomas), late librarian in Trin. Coll. Library, Dub, . . . 185 Lemonfield, lands of, . . . . . 416,n. Leo(St); ii ee HT Lestrange (Sir Thomas), . . «289, 240 Letter Melan,. . . . . . . 64,9465 eastle,. . 2. 6. 05 Lienot Nicholas), . . - . +. . 47 Lienots the), or Lynotts . . . - Limenueh, or Darerea, sister of St. Pa- trick,. 6 6 eo ee ee ees 187 Limerick, ———bayof, we 8 Ostmans of,. . . . 431, 442 Linan Kinmara, river, . . . 50, ib. m., 51 Linch. See Lynch. Lismore, Book of, . . . . 95,0,96.n. Lizards, Lee . 363, a. Loch bo finne, . . . - ii Hm Loch-Sealga, . - - ee, Mo Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, remark on, 241 Loghmesg. See Mask (Lough). Lombard, Le regno Hibernia, Lonan (Lough). . . . - county of, . - «93,415 Lough-fordremyn, in Kerry, é cis 43 ibn ' 2 465. ‘ Loch Stephen) Fitz-Domenick Dun. Longforde, barony of, its lands, . . . 322° Page. Lough-Hacke, 2 2. 6 2 1. . MA Loughmore Lake, - . ee. . Sa Lough-na-fohy Lake, . . . . + - @ ‘Lough-na-keanainné, Poole of, . 84,ih0 Lough-reagh,. . 2... 2s + 38 Loughreaghe, barony, lands of, . 333, = Lucius (Gratianus), or Dr. Join Lynch, author of Cambrensis Eversus, notices of, . . «+ « « 420, ib. m, 42), MR —————_ his Cambrensis Ever- ms, se ee es 308, m, 433, 438 —_——__—_ his Vita Kiroveni quoted, . 2... ee ee 1m Lugnaedon, son of Limenueh, . . . 187 Lugo, - eee ee ee i HS Lurgan (Lough), . 43, ib. ns 92, 344, 245 Lynches of Galway,. . . . . . - 38 Lynch (Alexander), conductor of the famous Galway school in 1608, 420, ib. =. (Andrew), . - « . (Dominick Duffe) Fits-Joba, Mayor of Galway, - 2 2... AS —— (Edmond), Fits-Thomas, -. a (Sir Henry), Bart. . . . 3m (Dr. John), author of Cambren- sin Eversus. See Lucius (Gratienus). (John), Fitz-Richard, Mayor of Galway, .. ee FT Gualiana), Dispemsatio Maritagis pro Valtero Blakeet. . . . 216,217 —— (Nicolas), of Barney, in Galway, 260 - = (Pierce) Fitz John Boy, . . . 935 (Richard) Fitz-James, . . . Lynche (Sandar.), et Anastacia ejes uxor, Lettrs of Confraternity from the Friars Minors for,. ce Mayor of Galway,. - 2 2. - -—(Thomas) Fitz-Ambrose, . . —— (Thomas) Fitz-Stephen,. . . 459 Page. Lynotts (the), - + 47, ibn. Lyonell, Duke of Clarence, ei . 88 Lyssegowle, . 347, n. M. Maree, . . . . 492, n. Mabillon de Re Diplomaticé, . . 438 Mac Alloid (Orbsen), . 20, 55 Mr: Anathmore [Uathmore] (Engus), 78, ib. x. Mac an I[arlas, sons of the Earl of Clan- ricarde, Mac Aodha (Malachias), Archbishop of Tuam, . oe . 5, 6, n., 47 M* Brian (Dermott), of Tullykean, . 393 Mac-con (Lugad) ee. . 48 Mac Conrys (the), ‘ 281, 282 Mac Costilo's country, its lands, . 339, 340 Mac Cuilenain (Cormac), his ‘« Glossary” quoted, . . : 20, n. Mac Cullagh (James), Esq., F. T.C.D., 8, n. Mac Dara (St.), 97; n., 98, ib. n., 100, ib. n., . 387 101, ib. n. ———— church of, 98, x. —___—__—-, statue of, . 98, ib. n., 99, ib. n. —___— island,. - 102 Mac Davy (Hubert Burke), Knt., . 329 Mac Davy's country, indenture of its lands, . . 327, 328, 329 M* Dermod (Bryen), 356, 357 Mac Dermott's country, its lands, 352-358 M° Donell (Morertagh) of the Spiddle, 393, 394 M* Donkyth (Mayst Manes) ys dede, . 205 Mac Duach (St.), church of, . . 75, Me M* Enry (Bryan), last will and testa- ment of,. . 2. . « ie « « « 282 Mac Feorais,. . . - - 85,n. Mac Firbis ( Duald) of Lecane, 362, 363, 421, 422 Page. Mac Geoghegans, the ancient Irish fa- mily of, . 109, n., 276, 277, 278 Mac Geoghegan, his translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, quoted, 398, n., 416, n. M* Ghoill (William), fisherman, . . 50 M' Gilleduff Shoyogh [or Joyce] ( Mo- rogh) of Sean Ballyard, . . 393 Mac Huathmor (Connor), ... . 86 Mac Hugh. See Mac Aodha. Mackensie’s chart, remarks on, . 68, n. Mac Lir (Manannan), . 20, n., 21, n., 55, 111, 263, n. Mac Longaus (St.), . é T4 5n. Mac Murroughe ( Dermott) of Bally. mulgromie,. . . o + 6 6 é 392 Mac Sweeny (Michael), ; , 112, n. Mac Sweeny's song of the Púca, or gob- lin Gn Irish), . . «© 4 « 283, sq. M° Teige (Owen), of Clonduff, . . 393 Mac Williams (the), . .300, 301,307, 338 Mac William, of Clanrickard, . 149 Magherylayny, barony of, its lands, 342, 343 Magh Macruimhe, famous battle of, 43, ib. n., 147 Magh Seola, 2 , 126 plains of, . . - 147 Mainistir Connachtach, . . 74, n. Malachy (S. á se © s. 400, 401 Mam, . see 6 é é, 190,3b. n. Main-eich, ee s s s., 120 Mam-en,. . . . « . . « © 190, 121 Mam-tuirk,. . . so; ib. Manannan. See Mac Lir. Manin Bay, .. . « « LIL, ib. n. Manure, cow-dung nsed asa, 67, ib. n., 68, ib. x. Marescallus (Wellielmus) . . . . . 33 Marshalls of Galway, . . . . . « ib. 3N2 400 Page. Marriage Dispensacion for Juliana and Walter Blake, . 216, 217 for Nicholas and Sescilia Blake, . . . . «© «© « i, 233 Martin (Oliver), . 38 (Patrick), 36 (Richard), Esq., a learned Irish antiguary, , é. « é 429 (Richard), a “rank Papa lands granted to, 2 (Richard), . (Robert), . . ui , Mayor of Galway, 37 , trial of, . 295, 296 (William), mayoralty time of, 36 Martin's Western Islands, quoted, 12, n., 372, n., 373, n. Mary (St.), church of, . . 74, n. Mask (Lough), or Measg, 7, ib. n., 17, 2., . 418 e 416 . 118, 2. ——a ee 33, 45, 44, n., 46, 47, 48, 49, 185 . —_——_, its connexion with Lough Corrib, . . . 2. 6 6 18, 7. . length of, - VY » Castle, 17, ib. n., 18, ib. n., 47 Mason-head, . . . 97, ib. n. 99 Mathias (St.), chapel of, . 104 Mayo, . 11, 125 ——, boundaries of, -— —, County of, 17, 43, 44, ib. n., 94, 300, 301, 302, 413 —--- —________, indenture of the lands ee — 331, n., 332, n. . ofthe, uii. ; 351, so. , Theobald, first. Viscount, . 269, 270 , Mayors, . 34,36 — Meary, . - 231 Maculyn, Bulla pro Ecclesia de, ~ 163-165 Meldan (St.), . . 22, ib. n. Mendoza (John Gonsales), remarks on his “China,” e . 435, 436 Meray, Bulla pro, 165, 166 Page. Merchant ship plundered in Conmaicne. mara, in lar-Connaught, . . 381i, Mevay, Vicariade, . . . . . 217,218 Michael (St.), Archangel,. - . . . 53 Michaelmas Day, . ... ..-. SM Miles in Connaught, long . 6, 2., 21. a- Minna, ... . s s « « tw ORR Ming, . ee » «© © « « « , 62, tbe. Misdemeanors, . . . eo 2 « 1& sm. Moculyn, resignatio vicarie de, - 219, 220 Moerras, . . s « « 63, ib. a. Molyneux ( Mr.), his Journey to Con- naught, quoted, . . . . © « 57,® ( William), a letter to, concern- ing Chinese Chronology, from our an- thor,. . . . « « « «© »« 4864-437 Money, Irish,. . . . . « « 307,308 Monopoly in Ireland, . . . . 240, 941 Morey, . . oe © « . 133 Morgadg of the Iuelles of St. Nicolas Chyrche, Galway, . . . 2. « . 380 Morice (Johanne), . . . ..-e«,.. 88 Morogh na Mart, . . . .,. . SS m Mothar Dun, . . . se 0 8 Ob, Mothcullen, decanatus de, - © « 179. 180 Mountains, . . . s - - Ba Mountain lands in County Galway, - . 419 Moycarnane, barony ' of, lands in the, . 319 Moyclea, 2 e 65, ib. a. Moyeullin, . . . . . 55, 82, 191, 231 . barony of, 4, 5, n., 6, 21, 94, 30, 43, 42, 52, n., 55, 65, 94, 97, 353, 497 ——-——- barony of, summary of the quarters of land it contains, . 310, 311 — , castle of, ~ « « « SS, ib, nm — -..—-. manor of, i ib, | parish of (see Muchulin), 54, ib. Mey 35, 61 Movle, . uas o - - 346, 8. Moylurge, barony of. See Boyle, barony of. Page. Moylurge, country of, lands of, 352-358 Moyne, barony of, lands of, . 334 Moynterolyshe-eghtraghe, . . 349 oghteragh, ... . . . ib. Moyras, . . + . 6 « « . 102 —— church of, . . . . .101,ib.2. , parish of, . . . . . 97,2, 104 Moy Seola, . 2 . 147 Moytura, plain of, . . . . 7, n., 18 Moyvoela, castle of, . ., . 147 Muchulin, Bulla pro, 159-161 Muckinish, island of, 245, 246 Muighmhedloin (Pochaidh)s . « . 126 Muinter-Eolais, . . . os + « 6 94 Muintir-Fahy, . . . 372, ib. n. Muintir Murchada, of Moy Seola, tribe of, .. . « © « 126, 362, sg. , territories of, . . 368 -———, Prince of, falls in the battle of Clontarf, . 366, 367 Muleonry,. . . . . «+. +6 « . 139 Munster, . . +. . +6 « « « « « 73 (English forces of), . . . 52 Murchadha (Muintir). See Muinter. Muredach, King of Ireland, . 441 Murloghmore,. .... . . 102, ib. n. Murris (see Moerras), . 63, n. Muryske, barany of, lands of,. . . . 333 N. Nagnate, . . . - «6 « » « + 126 “ Nation,” its signification in ancient Irish histories,. . . . 382, ib. x. Nehemias (St.), . 75,7 Nicholson (Bishop), quoted, - « 423 Nicolas (Sir), Lord of Howth, 150, 151 (St.), Bishope of Myra, in Licia, 35 215, 216, 235, 236 461 Page. Nicolas (St.), his churche, Galway, In- quisition of the duties and rights of, 236, sq. Nicolas, (Sanct) Chyrche, Galway, iuelles of, . . «© © © © © © « « « « 280 (St.), Church, Galway, “ repa- racon” of, ... sé 6 « 237-240 Nicolas’ (St.), Church in Galway, col- ledge of, . . . 34, ib. n., 36 Nimmo (Mr.), his Report quoted, 8, n., 9, n. Nolan (Father Daniel),. . . . . . 40 Nolan (Thomas), of Ballinrobe, 251, 252 0. O'sand Mac's,. . se é 600, n. Oak, Irish bog, . . .....-. 18 O’Brasil,. . . . . . 73 ; enchanted island of, 08, ib. n., 70, ib. n. » Book of, described, . 71, n. O'Brien (Conor), third Earl of Tho- mond, . 2 ee ie. é 384 -( Mahon), ‘lain, ° . . 65, n. CTordelvac), King of the south- ern moyty of Ireland, . 2 . 442 (Tordelyac), Lord of Tuomond, 31, 48 (Torlogh), King of Munster, and the Dalcassians, war between, 374, 375 O’Cadhla, or O’Kealy, (Dr. Malach.), R.C. Prelate in the see of Tuam,. 74,2 ——- (Murtagh), slain at the battle of Clontarf, . . « 366, 367 O’ Canavan (Dr. ) physician to 0 Fla- herty, uii. . 369, ib. n, Ochoill,. . . . 84 O’Clery ( ‘Cucoigeriche), . one sof the Four Masters, . 144, 362 O'Coney, or Coneys, family of, . 11, 2x. ——- (Thomas), . . , 11, n. 462 Page. O’Connachtan, . . 189 O'Connell, Peter, . . 128 O'Connor Dune (Hugh), . 356 — ——— Dune's country, its lands, 352-358 —- (Ffalym), King of Connaught, 267 ——_——- (Fedlim),, . .. . - 32 —- (Fedlym), . . - 51,x., 52 ——_——— (Qdo), King of Connaught, 25, 32 —— —— (Roderick), daughter of, . 36 — Roe’s country, its lands, 352-358 O'Conor, race of, 136, 187, 138, 139, 344, 346 — ancient family of, . 134, 135, 141 O'Conor's high stewardship, . . 140 O'Conor, (Ven. Dr. Charles), 125, 126, 128 134, 135, 189, 140, x. 187, 367 ——-— (Hugh), ——_—— (Major Owen), . . 137 ——— -- — (Roderick), ie Tm —.—- - -___-— ——_., King of Connaught, 7, 267, 268 , succeeds his father, Torlogh O'Conor, as King of Con- naught, oo . 376 ———- (Torlogh), King of Connaught, his maritime expedition, . 375, 376 , his death, 376 O’Dalys, the bardic family of the, , 246 Odo, King of Connaught, . 32 | O’Donnells (The), and O'Conors, . 844 O'Donnell (Hugh Ruadh, or the Red), chieftain of Tirconnell, extract from the Life of, E ia ——- (Right Rev. Dr. ), R.C. Pishop of Galway, . . » . 215 , abbot of a ‘Cistercian monas- ————_ se RE — Page. O'Dowran (Connor Conny) {Duane}, of Bonoen, . . + « « «= © « . - 399 O’Duanes (the), . . . - - - Wa. O'Dubhain,. . .... . -Sei,tha O'Dugan (Shane Mor), . ~ 2 © - - 58 O’Ferrall (Roger), his Book of Irish Pedigrees, quoted, . 6,2, 39, ns 130, 243 his Linea Antigua, . 302 O’Finaghty, old Irish sept of,. . . M2 O'Flahertie or O'Flaherty, family ar- morial bearings off . . . . - . 38 O’Flaherties of Iar-Connaught, ancient tribe of, their pedigrees, 16, 2., 45, ib. 2, 362.308 , (chiefs subordinate to the), their possessions, and several duties of officers in their establishments, 368, af. ——, valuable information re- specting the, . . . . - - SS, a ——, country of the, indenture concerning the,. . . . . 339, 310, a. (Bryan), of Lemonfield, 416, s., 417 ———— (Conor), . ..... | ——- (Donal an chogaidh) [of the _ mara). of Bonowan, .. . . 400,608 (Donalduin), . . . 2236 297 ——— (Donald Crone),. . 490, ib. s- - .-— (Donnell an chogaidh), 108, 0 | —_—-.-— (Donnell Fita-Rorg Og), . 68 tery, strange adventure of, 102, n., 103, n., ' 104, n. O'Donovan (John), Esq., M.I.A.S., 44, 2., 97, n., 101, n., 113, n., 154 | 269, 270 | ——-.—-~— (Colonel Edmund), his exa- mination, trial, and execution for the murder of Peter Ward, Esq"*, gent. of Tromragh, County Clare, . . 40%, a. O'Flaherty (Colonel Edmund), called Emuin nlaidir, or “ strong Ned,” some narratives of his prowess and achieve- ments, . .. - . « « « 415, 416 463 Page. O'Flaherty (Colonel Edmund), Emuinn laidir, his death, - 417 (Finnola),. . . . 62, ib. 2. ——__-—_— (Hugh); . 25, ib. n., 32, 50, n. — , King of Connaught, hisdeath, . . oe e 317 —— (Sir John), of ‘Lemonfeeld, 417, ib. n. ————-— (John T.), Esq., his History of the Islands of Arran noticed, . 263 (Morogh na doe), his an- swer concerning damages done by him to Roger Fflahertie of Moycullin, 388, 389 ———— ——_—, raises the standard of rebellion against the Queen, . . «© « « « - 395 ——— repents of his rashness and craves pardon: he surrenders all his titles, possessions, &e. s obtains pardon, and all his possessions, titles, &c., granted to him, . ~ « 395 I , fines im- posed upon him for retaining four merchants in his service, . . . 394,n. ————-umnhiscoun- try burned by Sir Richard Bing- hame, 394 III——.;, “his death and last will, . 399, 400 (Sir Morogh na d-tuadh), descendantsof,. . . ‘ . 417 — (Moroghna d-tuadh), his ex- peditions, . . , 384, so. 471 , his par- don from Queen Elizabeth for all mur- ders, homicides, &c. . 385, 386 O'Flaherty (Morogh na maor), 108, 402, . 395. Page. O'Flaherty (Emuin Mac Moroghe na maor), oe © ew ew ew hw lf 406 (Morogh na maor), descend- antsof, . . . - 415, 416 (Morogh na maor) [serjeant or steward], abstract from his last will, 404, 405 —— (Morogh na marte) [of the beeves], or Sir Morogh of Bunowan, 83, ib. n., 257, ag., 404 (Mortogh), Lord of Iar- Connaught, dies, o . 379 (Odo, or Hugh.) See Hugh O’ Flaherty. (Roderick) [our author], notices of, (see Authar), . 419-442 , letter on the Subjection of the Irish Bishops to the See of Canterbury, . 424, ib. n. ——., letter to Wil- liam Molyneux, containing a con- futation of Chinese Chronology, 434437 —— (Rory), of Moycullen, our author's grandfather, . 55, n., 420 (Teige ne Bully), of the Arde, County Galway, 391, 392, 400, ib. x., 401, ib. n. O’Gara,. . . 429, 2. Ogygia Vindicated, a MS. by our author, published in 1775 by Dr. Charles oe: O’Conor, . 423, ib. n., 424, 425 O’Haingli family,. . . 370, ib. x. O’Hainlidhe, family of, . . 370, n. O'Halloran, ancient Irish family of, 54, 2., 253, sq., 261, 389 O'Halloran, carta Dermicii, A. D. 1694, 255 —— (Donogh M*° Moyller), 259 .———- (Erevan), his deede of Mul- ib. n., 403, ib. n., 404, ib. n. | laghglasse, A. D. 1645, - 259, 260 464 Page. O'Halloran (Johannis) Carta, A.D. 1594, 256, 257 ——-—— (Morrertagh) and Teig is dede, the 17" Oct’, 1606, . . as? 258 (Owen M° Dermod), of Barney, . ir 893 —_(Teige Mac ymin of Phayry,. + 6 + + ooo . 893! OHanlys (the), . 370, a. O'Haras (the), + 498, n., 429, n. Ohery, castle of, . + 54, ibe n. O'Heyne, . 51, n., 973 (John), . 105, a. (Owen), . . ee 6 508 Oilean Mhic Dara, . on 98, n. Oilen-da-branoge, . « + 68, ibn O'Kealy (Dr. Malachy), his description of the churches of Tuam, quoted, 74, n. —————, R.C. Bishop of Tuam, . . eee ee ee 93m O'Rellies (the), . . ‘es, n., 303, 318, ag. O'Eeilg's country, lands of, . . 318, ag. O'Lees (th), . . - . 371, n- O'Lee, physician to O'! Flaherty, 309, ib. n. Olena Cruagh, . + 104, ib. n. Olen-ambrahar, . . . « 14 Olenimioll, . . 110, ib. nm Olen-lacan,. . 2... e 100, ib. a. | Olennagelereagh, sis 98 Olennambrahar, . . 28 O'Ley, or O'Lye (Edmond, of Moy. askragh,. . 71, a. (Morogh), curious ‘tory related off. «70, mg. 01 Lon (Donatus), ahbot of Aran, . . 80 Olither Church, Garmnia, m, 65 Olnegmacht, . . . 126 | O'Loughlins, some account (of the, + 946 | O'Madden, castle of, » Stim O'Madden's country, lands of, 321, sg. | Pa O'Maclampaill, Judge of O'Flaherty, 370. he O’Mailleys (the) of Umhaill, or “ the Owles,” i. +. Set O’Mailly (Grace), of Burrishoole, . | 403 OvMalleys(the),. 2. 6 2 Mie O'Malley (Owen), » iii She (Toole), - eis Chm O'Maolconar,. - ie, FB Omg, . ..... + os « 979, 300 O'Mulconrg (Torna), chief poet of Coo- paugh, 2 6 1 - MO OMarey (Donagh), Archbishop of . . | O'Nioe (Murgess), Archbishop of Tuam, - Orbsen (Lough), 2, s., 7, 18, 20, n., 94, 35, 27, 43, 43, 45, 48, ag. 365, 367 ————, how it derives its name, 39 ————— sles of, pillaged, 22, ib. a, a Original Privy Council Book, quoted, 344, 45 Orkneys (the), . . ss. es 135 O'Rourke (Sir Brian), Sir Heary Sid- ney's proceedings with, $50, m., 351, ib. =. O'Rorrk's country, summary of its lands and landowners, - . - 346288 -— its boundaries, 348 a. O'Ruark (Mary), . . . . . 138,199 Ostman sees of Dublin, Limerick, and Waterford,. . . . é » 461,42 O'Talcarain, seigniory of,. . . . Qe O'Tooles (the), . . . . » » 380,381 Owanglinn river,, 2 5. ss 6. HA Owangowla, . 2. 1 1 ee ee AA Owanmore river, . « is. IA Owan Roimhe, . . eis S38 Owantuidhe or Owentuee river, 107, ib. a. i Owles (the), . 44, ib. m., 45, 51, 73, 114, 117, 8, 119 465 Page. Oyster-banks, . . 102, 111, 119. n., 246 P. Pall (the), a cloak or mantle of state, or of an archbishop, 440, 441, 442 Parker (Matthew), Dean of Lincoln, Archbishop of Canterbury, . ~ . 442 Partry, . 17, ib. n., 18 mountain, . . 17, 18, 45 Partry-an-tslevy, . eis . 45, ib. n. Pastimes, ancient, May-games, &c., 60, ib. n. Patent titles of Ireland, . 429, n. Patrick (St.), . . , 121 -, his birth, mission to Ire- E 438, 439 —, bed of, ~1IT, n ———-,chapeldedicatedto, . . 24 —-—-——-,church of, [nis-an-Ghoill, 186, 187 — —- ——.. Hill of, . 45, n. ———, his apostolic labours in the territory of Moy Seola, . . 147 Paul (St.), church of, . . . . «. 75,” ——-, chappell of,. . . . . . 9] Pearles,. . . ee « « «© 53,ib.n. Pedigree of John Blake, alias Caddle, 193, 194 of the Muintir Murchada of Moy Seola, . . . . + «+ » 362, 89. of the Blakes of Galway, 212, 213 Pedigrees. See O' Ferrall. Peerage (extinct and dormant) of Ire- land, . . . . 15, n. Perrot (Sir John), Lord Deputy of Ire- land, . 299, 303, 304, 307 , indentures of com- position with, for the territory of Iar- land, &c. Connaught, . 309-358 , his ** Government of Ireland” quoted, 307, 308 IRISH ARCH. 80C. I5. Poge. Pestilence, . . . ,. « « 113 Petrie (Mr.), his description of Dun- Engus, . 76, 1. Pettegree. See Pedigree. Pinkerton,. . . . 6. « e . 429, n. Plundering excursions at sea, 381, n., 382, ib. 2. Pocock’s (Dr.) manuscript Tour through Ireland, quoted, 72, n. Ponies, the Conamara, . 15, 2. Pope John the Fourth, . 109 Porpoises and seals eaten, . 96, n. Port Caradoc, 84, ib. n. Port doibhche, . 88, ib. n. Portdempne, . 33, 34, n. Port-eiche,. . . . 2. 2. «© « « « 83 Portnafedoigge, . 108 Portriffes, . . . . . . ... . 34 Portumna, town and manor of, 34, 2. Portus-Doly, . . . . 8&3 Poverty of our author about the begin- ning of the eighteenth century, 427, ib. x., 428, ib. n. Precedency, order of at elections, . . 58 Premonstratenses, . . -.- .. . 839 Primh Anmchara, . . . . . . 114, 2. Produce of the country of West Con- naught, . ..- « . « « « 15,ib.n. Protestants (English), alleged outrages against, at the Rebellion of 1641, . 406, ib. n., 407, ib. x. , “depositions of,” in the MS. Library of Brinity College, Dub- ling. . . se si 141 Province of Connaught, its inhabitants, 148 Prynne quoted, . ... . . 8311 Ptolemy, ee. . 126 Puca, or goblin, song of the, . 284, sq. Putting out of eyes as a punishment, a custom used by the O'Flaherties, 367, 368 30 466 Page. Quakers, . 188 Queen’s County, . . . 415 Queleus (Aalachias), Archlishop of Tuam, . . . . « 99 Rabbits,. . . . . .. .- ... 86 Rafwee,. ...... . 370, n. Rahun, Bay of, . . . . . « » + 58 , parish of, . 54, ib. n., 56, ib. x. Rahuyn, . . . » 281 Rath- Buidhbh, . 370, ib. n. Rath-Omachan, situation of, . 14) Rats, 82, ib. n., 263, 264, 265 Rat, the black Irish, . . 10, n., 11, a. Rawyn, rectoria de, . 218, 219 Rebellion of 1641, 406, 87. Records, . ee ee 3ú, al Recusancv, fines for, 37, ib. n. Red Earl (Richard) of Ulster, 46, ib. n., 189 Rein-Deer, . . 121, sn. Religious houses in Ireland, 14, n. Rescripts from Rome, . 179 Rhodomenia palmata, . . . . . 9935 Richard III. (King), concession of,. . 34 Riddlesford (Walter), . 2], n., 52 Rights, Book of, . . 142 Rivers of Iar-Connaught, . 9, ib. a., 14 Roderick, King of Tuam, . 25, n. Rodulph, Archbishop of Canterbury, . 441 Roseam burned by the English, . . . 377 Roscommon, . 125, 302, 303, 413 ., barony of, its lands, 353, ib. n., 304, 355 353, n., 354, 3390. n. — --. . boundaries of, Page. Rosquam (see Noweom) © © © «6 . 23) Ross, eis. . s « 264,123 ——, barony of, summary of lands in the, . . . « « e« s «© « óil . 6, 18, 21, 25, 44, ib. m., 49, 120, 122 ——, old castle of, . . . . . 44.5. 49 ——,lakeof,. . . . .« » » Sib. m. ——, parish, . . . . 2. « » « . 49 Rossclogher, . . . . . . 346 nn. 347 Roundstone Haven, . . 104, ib. a. 105 Ruadh (Hugh), ...... . IO09.a Ruins, dunsin, . . - re * Rynnmoyle (now Renvile) castle, 119, ib. a. ——- ——.,chureh of, . .. . . 130 Ss. Sacheverell ( William), Esq., late Gover- nor of Man, oe - 261 Sacred edifices, . . . . . . 74,73, 46 Sadleir (Colonel Thomas), Governor of Connaught,. . . .. . . 426, 2 Saints, or holy men of the isles of Aran, 73, ib. a. ———, reverence formerly paid to in lar- Connaught, . 98, n.. 100, ib. = —— .-. relics of, . 99, a. —----,monumentsof, . . . . . . 15 Salmon fishing, 103, ib. x., 264 Salrock harbour, . - 119, a. Samphire, . . 66, ib. a. Saxons (ancient). . . . . . - 30 Schoolesmaster of the Citty of Galway, 215 Scottish or Milesian Tribes, . 126 Scrine, Bulla pro, . . . . 161-163 Sea birds eaten on fasting days, . 67, ib. a Sea, Conmacny, . - 920,93 Seayhsa, battle of, - - « » 368 | Seals, . 27, ih. n., 106, 111 - " aw Il 407 Page. | Seals, anciently used for food, . . 96, n. , Virtues attributed to the flesh, skin, &e., ofthe, . . ee. 97, n. ——, yearly slaughter of, . . . 95, ib. 2. ——, fishing for, most curious story re- garding, . . . . . « « «© «© 96,%. Seaven daughters, the . . 14, 120, 119, n. Sea-weeds used as a manure, . . 58, ib. 2. Seele (Doctor), Provost of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, . . ee. ,. 419 Seizure of lands, rents, &c., 58, n. Sessions, Assizes, Gaols, &c., . 272, 273 Shannon, the, . . 125 Ships, fantastical, . . 31, ib. 2. Shoyes (the), . . 44, n., 45, 246, 247 Shruel, battle of, . 386 Shruther, eccles. de, . . . « 224 Sil-Muredhy, . . . . . 371, 378 Sinach (a fox), the proper name of St. Mac Dara, . 100, ib. 2. Sixtus III. papa, 216, 217, 225 Size (human) and strength, remarkable notices of, among the ancient Irish, 416, n. Skeleton (human), ‘ fourteen feet in length,” found in Donaghpatrick, 416, n. Skerde, island of . 69, ib. n. Skryne, ‘ . 231 , Bulla pro, 159-161 Sligo, 33, ib. n., 41, 125 , county of,. . 113, 300 Sligo, boundaries of,. . . 341, n., 342, % , indenture of its lands, 340, sq. Slimhead, . . 6, ib. n., 43, 44, 111 — , Cape of, - 109 , continent of, . - 110 Society in Ireland, 372, 373, ib. n., 374, n. Society (Irish Archeological), objects of, 127 Songs, Irish, 283, sq., 290, sq. Spear, head ofa, found, . . . . . 29 Spidell, church of, . . . - i 6] Page. Spidell, riverof,. . . . « « Gl, ib. n. Spittle, or bospitall, . . 61, n. Srowher, order touching, . , 235 Stanihurst, his Description of Ireland quoted, . ....... . 85, n. Stantons (the), . . . .. 47, ib. x. State documents respecting Connaught in 1579, . . . 303, 304 concerning Connaught at the time of the rebellion of 1641, 413, 414 Stephen, King of England, . . . 441 Stillingfleet (Dr.), remarks on, , 435 Storms, wrecks, &c. . 100, ib. n. Straith-Salagh river, . 107 Subscriptions for the poore, . 181 Sunderland, . 125 Supremacy over the Church, regal, . . 228 Sydney (Sir Henry), Lord Deputy of Ireland, 62, n., 125, 268, 269, 299, 303, 304 Sydney (Sir Henry), curiously describes his proceedings with O'Conor and O'Donnell, . oe . « 344, n. Sydney (Sir Henry), account of his pro- ceedings with O'Rourke, given to the Lords of the Council, in 1574, 350, x., 351, 7. T. Taaffe’s Ireland, quoted, . . . 363 Teampull na neeve,. . . . . . LIZ, n. Teaquin, barony of, lands in the, . . 319 Teglach-Enda church, . . . . . 74,2. Temple's (Sir Jo.), Irish Rebellion, re- marks on, . ....». © 481, 432 Templepatrick, . . . . . ©. . 1, n. Tempull an cheathruir aluinn, . . 75,2. ~aphuil,. . . . . . . ib. 302 468 Page. Tromra, or Trennrowe, castle oí. 407, 408, 409, ib. 2., 410, ib. n.. 411, 412 Trowsers, Close Britches, commonly called Trowees, . . . 2. . . 47,0. _ Tuam (Premonstratenses’ Abbey of), 39, 2. Page. , Tempull Assurnuidhe, . . . ee. ib. - —-Brenain,. . . 74.5. ' ---— — Breceain, . 75; N. j — ..- — Ceannannach, . ib. n. | —— - mac Longa, ... . 74 n.- —------~miec Cannonn, . . ., ib. n. | ———-- mic Duach,. . . . ee TR. ——- . Lon, . 115, n. Terryland,. . . . is . 384 Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, . 441. Thierry, ‘ Histoire de la Conquete de lV’ Angleterre par les Normans,” quoted 420, n. Thomas (Walter), de Kyltulagmor, 210, 211 Thomond, 358, 362 ~-— Connor, Earl of, a letter in favour of, from Queen Elizabeth, 359-361 Tigernach the Annalist, . 126 Tipperary, . $15 Tiraglas, Bulla pro > Rectoria de, . 168-171 Tirellan, . . ... . . de4 Tobarbride, . 33 Tolokian, castles of, . 55, ib. n. ‘Tombeola, . 106 Tombeola (abbey of), or Saint Domi- nick’s Abbey near Galway, 105, ib. x., 106, ib. n., 273, 274 Tovloghoban, Trach-na-neach, 83 Tract-each, 83, 84, 86 Traditions, . 27. n. . 60, OL, ib. n. Trial of Robert Martin for murder of Lieutenant Henry Jolly, . 295, 206 Trial and exeeution of Colonel Edmund O'Flaherty, Tributes paid tu the King of Connaught, 142 Travbane, strand of, . Tribute paid by the King of Cruachan to the Monarch of Ireland, . 143 Trident spear, mode of using the, ee ee ee ee -— — "— 533. ib. n. - 412, ib. an... 29, ib. n. ———— ony castle of, "ae ‘e ea a . 25, a. -——-, churches of, . . . . . . . 379 —-—, registry of,quoted . . . . 15,2 — (Christopher, Archbishop of), - 223 “Tulla, seven bishops of, . . . 96, x. Tuluban, . . .. » . - 33, ib, 3. Turloch Airt, . . oe se . 430 8. Tyreraghe, barony of, lands of, . . of2 Tyrrawly, barony of, lands of, . . . 334 Tyrreryell, barony of, lands of, . - 343 U. Uaimh Leo, . . oe - 113. 2. Uillinn, grand-child of Nuad Silverhand, 35 Ullin, field off . . . . . . 33 ib 8 Ulster, . . 1. 2 ee eee lt 73 -- -- --, province of, . . 414, 415 . - ~(Walter, Earl of), . 39 ,Earlof. . . . - e © ew we , Red Earl of, . . . 32, ih. a. .—----s Earlesof, . . 2. 2. «te . SU Un, dwelling of, . - 56,2, University of Clonfert, * Orders” con- cerningthe,. . 2. 2. 2. 6 we + 306 Umhall, . . - I, a. Ussher ( Archbishop), 439. 440 — -—, his Sylluge veterum Eypistolar. Hhibs., . . . . e . . - . 4429 V. , Vasrants, order touching poore.. IN2, 143 Vallancey noticed, - . 423 Venetus OM. Paulus , 435, 436 409 Page. Ww. Wadman (Thomas), a letter to Dr. Mo- lyneux concerning Rats, . 263, 264, 265 Wogan (Johan.), Justic. Hib. temp. Edw. I., . 8 oe 189, 190 Wales, expedition to, of the Connaught i . . 880, 381 - 115 auxiliaries, . Wall, large round, . ... .- - Walsh (Father), Author’s attack upon, 423, ib. n. (Peter), his Prospect of Ire- land noticed, oe ew é. é 435 Walsyngham's “ Orders” respecting Connaught, . . 303, 304, 305, 306 Ward, (Peter), gent., county Clare, the “ storming” of his castle (1642), and murder of himself and family, 408, 409, ib. n., 410, ib. n., 411, 412 Ware (Sir James) . . . . . 380,114 Warren (Admiral), . 32, n. Wars and dissensions in Iar-Connaught, 374, 375 Water (christalline), 27, n. Water-dog, .- - «+ + + + «© +» + 20 Waterford, county of, . . - »« « « 405 ________,, Ostmans of, 441, 442 Page. Welsh,. .. . 30 | West Connaught. See Connaught W. est. West-Island, . 115 Westmeath, county of, . . 415 Western Ocean, . , 94, 114 Wexford, county of, . . 415 , Airdnecolman Abbey near, . 90 Whales (see Fish.), . 94, n., 109, 183, 184 White Friar’s monastery in Donegal, 102, n. Wild Garlick Isle, . . . . . 25, ib. 7. William I1., King of Pngiand, . 441 HI,. . . . 262 Willielmus (Comit. Ulton. ), - . - . 83 Wills and testaments, 418, 419 Wine island, . . 104, 105, ib. n. Wines and spirituous liquors, license to sell, in 1616, 251, 252 Wolfe Dogges, . 180 Wolf hunters, . 10, 2. Wolves, . 180, 181, 182, 183 Woods. .. . oe 8, n. Worship, ancient sense of the word, . 238, 7. Y. Yoes (see Joyce), .«. . - »- - « « 45 York, . ...*. . 442 FINTIS. IRISH ARCH HOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Ar a General Meeting of the IRIsH ARCHOLOGICAL Society, held in the Board Room of the Royal Irish Academy, on Friday, the 19th day of December, 1845, SIR Lucius O’Brien, Bart., in the Chair, The Secretary read the following Report from the Council: « Atthelast General Meeting, held on the roth of July, 1844, it was resolved — ‘That the President and Council now elected be empowered to continue in office until December, 1845, and that the Annual Meeting of the Socicty be held in future in that month; the day to be fixed by the Council.’ ‘©The object of this resolution wasto change the time of the Annual Mecting, which had hitherto been usually held in June or July, to a period of the year when a greater number of the Members of the Society were likely to be in Dublin. The Council have therefore retained their office longer than usual, in com- phance with the wishes of the Society; and on now meeting you at this your fifth anniversary, they are happy to have it in their power to transfer to their successors the management of your affairs with every prospect of increased prosperity. “Since the last General Meeting fifty-three new Members have been elected; whose names are as follows :— a His 2 His Excellency Lord Heytesbury, Lord ' Lieutenant of Ireland. The Marquis of Sligo. The Earl of Devon. The Earl of Glengall. The Earl of Roden. The Ear] of Shrewsbury. Lord Talbot de Malahide. Rev. Edward Abbott. *Sir Robert Shafto Adair, Bart.* Robert M. Alloway, Esq. George F. A. Armstrong, Esq. Abraham W. Baker, Esq. Samuel Henry Bindon, Esq. Colonel Henry Bruen, Esq., M.P. Joseph Burke, Esq. George Chamley, Esq. Francis E. Currey, Esq. *F. H. Dickinson, Esq. M.P. Rickard Donovan, Esq. Peter Dowdall, Esq. Charles Druitt, Esq. Rev. Thomas Farelly. John D. Fitzgerald, Esq. Rev. Joseph Fitzgerald, James Anthony Froude, Esq. Allan Fullarton, Esq. —- —a 80 — — rr EEH—R m HRHE— eS uii — — i" John A. Fullerton, Esq. James Gibbons, Esq. John Gray, Esq., M.D. James Sullivan Green, Esq. *The Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, M.P. Herbert F. Hore, Esq. William Keleher, Esq. Rev. John Kenny. James Kernan, Esq. Rev. John Torrens Kyle. Denny Lane, Esq. Charles W. Levinge, Esq. Hugh Lyle, Esq. Thomas Mac Owen, Esq. John Malone, Esq. *Andrew Mulholland, Esq. Nicholas Purcell O'Gorman, Esq. Richard O'Gorman, Esq. Richard O'Gorman, Esgq., Jun. Richard O'Shaughnessy, Esq. Marcus Patterson, Esq. Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Pratt. William Reilly, Esq. Rev. Charles Russell, D.D. *Thomas Swanton, Esq. Walter Sweetman, Esq. James Talbot, Esq. é The Society has to lament the death since the last Meeting of the follow- ing Members: Marquis of Downshire. Marquis of Ely. Viscount Powerscourt. Lord Carbery. Rev. Thomas Goff. The Very Rev. J. P. Lyons. “ The Council have still to express their regret that the number of 500 Members (as fixed by the rules of the Socicty) has not yet been fully attained, at the same time they feel that the accession of fifty-three new Members during the a Those with a star prefixed to their names are life Members. 3 the past year, and that without any very great exertion, and with less than ordinary attraction, affords a gratifying proof that the efforts of the Society are appreciated, and that the hopes expressed in a former Report will ultimately be realized, if not surpassed. é The number of Members on the Books of the Society now amounts to 430, including 57 life Members. ‘The following works have been issued to the Members since the last annual Meeting. “J. The Book of Obits and Martyrology of the Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin, a large volume, the typography of which has excited much admiration. It contains 424 pages, including the Indexes and Introduc- tion, which is full of curious information respecting the ancient Irish Saints. This is the first ritual book of the Anglo-Irish Church that was ever printed, and throws much light on Irish Hagiology and Church history. Every mem- ber of the Society who has subscribed for the year 1843 is entitled to this volume. “TI. The Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach, commonly called O’Dowda’s country. This large volume consists of 536 pages including the introduction. It has also a beautifully executed Map of the district of Hy- Fiachrach, with the names in the original Irish. It may be considered a com- panion to the Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, or the O’Kelly country, published in 1843: and with that volume and another which will be shortly spoken of, completes the genealogical and traditional history of the native tribes in- habiting the large district of the West of Ireland, now included in the counties of Galway, Mayo, and part of Shgo. To all the gentry of those coun- ties, and especially to such of them as are descended from the ancient Irish families, these volumes are replete with interest. All members who have subscribed for the year 1844 are entitled to a copy of The Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy Fiachrach. “JIL Registrum Ecclesia Omnium Sanctorum juxta Dublin. This vo- lume contains 222 pages, including the Introduction and Addenda, and is illustrated with a fac-simile of an ancient episcopal charter. It may be regarded as an important accession to our knowledge of the history of ancient Irish Monasteries, and is the first entire Chartulary of an Irish religious house, that has ever been printed. In addition to the Charters collected in the Registrum a2 properly 4 properly so called, this work contains additional documents of the same kind. collected from other sources, and thus brings towether all the known original authorities we possess for the history of the Monastery of All Hallows, which occupied the site where Trinity College, Dublin, now stands. This circum- stance, whilst it renders the book more complete, and therefore more valuable to the future historian, was the occasion of some inconvenience, as it delayed the appearance of the volume much beyond the time originally contemplated. When it was nearly ready for being issued, and some of the sheets actually in the binder’s hands, a series of transcripts of important documents was discovered in the Recorders Book of the corporation of Dublin, and amongst them an abstract of the Inquisition of the pussessions of the Priory at the time of its dissolution. Without these documents the book would have been imperfect, and the history of the Monastery which it contains would have been incomplete; it was therefore thought worth while to delay the delivery of it until the documents alluded to could be copied, which the Corporation of Dublin liberally permitted, and they are now added as *¢ Addenda” to the Editor’s Introduction, having been dis- covered too late for insertion into the body of the work. The abstract of the inquisition taken at the dissolution of the Pnory is particularly valuable, as the original in the Chief Remembrancer's Office has become so much detaced by ave and nevlect as to be, in a great measure, legible. “Tt is hoped that this volume will be found to contain matter interesting not only to the local antiquarian, but to every person anxious of obtaining aceu- rate and authentic information of the civil and religious state of Ireland from the tune of Henry the Seeond to the Reformation. With this view it was selected for pubheanon, and also in the hope that the existence of such a work may suggest to such noblemen and gentlemen as are in pussession of similar records of the ancient religious houses of Ireland, to communicate them to this Society for publication. In Scotland this has been frequently done by the landlords who have inherited the ancient: monastic lands of that country, and who, in many cases, have not only lent their manuscripts, but also contnbuted lareely to the expenses of editing and printng them. The publications of the Bannatyne, the Maitland. and the Spalding literary elubs of Seotland are rich in the records of monastic lustory, and do honour to the liberality, the enlightened taste, and puble spit of the nobility and gentry of that country. By the invaluable labours of these and other suniiar socicies., with which Scot- land 5: land abounds, the historian has been supplied with the most authentic mate- rials for illustrating the civil and religious state of that country, as well as the succession of property, the descent of noble families, the progress of art, and the state of socicty there at different periods. Materials no less abundant, though far more curious and interesting, exist for similar illustrations of Irish history ; the means alone are wanting, and for these Ireland can only look to the same source from which Scotland has obtained them, the enlightened liberality of her chiefs and nobles. ‘The Council take this opportunity of returning their sincere thanks to his Grace the Archbishop of Dublin, the Provost and Senior Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, Sir Wilham Betham, Ulster King of Arms, the Corporation of the City of Dublin, and William Ford, Esq., Town Clerk, for the use of the several manuscripts from which the Registry of All Saints has been com- piled. é All Members who have subscribed for 1844 are entitled to a copy of this work. “ The publications for 1845 are in a very forward state, and will be ready for delivery early in the ensuing year. It became necessary, however, to make an alteration in the volumes announced for that year, as it was found that Mr. Hardiman’s valuable notes and illustrations to O’F laherty’s account of West Connaught had extended the volume to a much greater bulk than the Council had at first contemplated ; and as it 1s necessary to limit the quantity of matter given to members in each year to correspond with the amount of pecuniary means at the disposal of the Council, it has been resolved that Cormac’s Glos- sary, and O’Flaherty’s West Connaught, shall be the books to which Members who have subscribed for the year 1845 are to be entitled. é“ In 1841, the first year of the Society’s existence, and when its number of Members did not much exceed 200, the number of pages published was 296, together with an engraved map, and other illustrations. In the second year, 1842, the publications issued to Members contained 696 pages. The books issued for 1843 contain 636 pages, and one copperplate map. The books for 1844 consist of 758 pages, with an engraved fac-simile of an ancient charter; giving an average in the four years of’ 596 pages in each year. “é These particulars have been stated, not only to satisfy the Society that the full value of their subscriptions has been returned to every Member, but also ha 6 also to shew, what soine appear to have in a great degree misapprehended. that without the regulation which requires the payment of an entrance fee of 3/. from each Member, the Society never could have been conducted on its present footing, nor could the books published have possessed their present beauty and value. “ The Council, however, are fully aware that they have been hitherto draw- ing more largely on the fund created by the entrance fees, than they would be justified in doing hereafter. They have done so intentionally, with a view to make the Society known, by the best of all possible advertisements, the value and interest of its publications: and although the success has not fully answen-d their expectations, they hope that the character thus acquired for the Society will be found the best foundation that could have been laid for any attempts that may hereafter be made to extend its means of usefulness. It will be desirable, however, to say a few words more on the subject of the publications proposed to be given to Members who have subscribed for the present year (1845). They are the following : “7. A Description of West or H-Iar Connaught, by Roderic O'Flaherty. author of the Ogygia, written A.D. 1684, edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with copious notes, and an Appendix, by James Hardi- man, Fsg. AL R.ILA. Of this work the text and notes are printed, as well as a considerable portion of the Appendix, which will comprise a large number of original documents never betore printed. This volume, with the works on Hy- Fiachrach and Hy-Many, already noticed, will form a series which cannot fail to prove highly interesting to the ancient Milesian and other old Irish families of the West of Ireland ; and it is not unreasonable to expect that the desire of possessing these curious and authentic records of the history and deeds of their ancestors may mduce some of the gentry and landlords of that district to become Members of the Society. H. Cormae’s Glossary, in the original Trish ; edited, with a translation and notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq. Three or four sheets of this work have been printed off Tt will certainly prove a most valuable accession to our philo- logical knowledge of the Trish language ; but, independently of this, which is, of course, its chief claim to a place amongst our publications, it is full of singu- larly curious matter, traditions, old proverbs, and scraps of ancient poems, with alusions to ubselete laws and customs, and often to historical facts, not else- where 7 where recorded. The difficulty of translating such a work, and preparing it for the printer, has been very great ; every sheet is carefully read in manuscript by the Secretary before it is put into type, and afterwards again revised in the proof sheets ; and the Council have no hesitation in expressing their opinion, that Mr. O’Donovan will be found to have won great credit, with all competent judges, by the manner in which he has executed this extremely difficult and important task. ‘¢ Other works preparing for publication, all of which are in the Press, and some of them in a forward state, are the following : “TI. The Annals of Ireland, by John Clyn, of Kilkenny, from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, collated with another in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Edited, with notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, M.R.I.A. These Annals are in Latin, and contain some curious entries. The text is printed, and the Editor is now engaged in preparing the notes. “II. The Miscellany of the Insh Archeological Society. Of this vo- lume 112 pages are printed, and several articles are ready for the Press, or in the hands of the printer. é The object of this work is, to preserve such smaller documents as would not. be of sufficient length or importance for separate publication. The present volume will contain an Irish poem, attributed to St. Columba, or Columb- kille ; the “ Concilium Hiberniz per magnates totius illius insule,” from the Black Book of Christ Church; the award and decree concerning the Tolboll ; an account of the family of Dr. Lynch, author of Cambrensis Eversus, and a Latin poem by the same author; the Obits of Kilcormick, from an ancient Missal, formerly belonging to the monastery there, and now in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin; some curious wills and inventories, from MSS. in the possession of the Corporation of Dublin: a letter on Irish history, by the celebrated Irish scholar and antiquarian, Thady or Teige O’Roddy, from the autograph in the Library of Trinity College ; the Charters of the Book of Kells, from the same library ; &c. ‘The Council indulge the hope that when this volume is completed, and in the hands of Members, many will be induced to communicate ancient deeds, wills, and other local and interesting historical or family documents, which may be published in a similar manner in future volumes of the Mis- cellany. é III. . 8 “ II1. The Irish version of the ‘ Historia Britonum’ of Nennius, or as it is called in the Irish MSS. Ceaban Gpeenac, the British Book, edited from the Book of Ballymote, collated with copies in the book of Lecan, and in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with a translation and notes, by James Henthorn Todd, D.D., M.R.1.A., Fellow of Trinity College, &c., and addi- tional notes and an introduction by the Hon. Algernon Herbert. “IV. The Annals of Ireland, by Thady Dowling, Chancellor of Leighlin, edited, with notes, by Aquilla Smith, Esq., M.D., M.R.I.A., from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College. é The volumes to be issued to the Members for the year 1846, will be selected from the above, all of which are now at Press: and from the progress already made in printing them, the Council feel assured, they will be able to issue one or two volumes early in the ensuing year. ‘The following works are preparing for publication, and will be ready to be put to Press as soon as the funds of the Society will enable the Council to undertake the expense of printing: “7. The Annals of Ulster: with a translation and notes; edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, collated with the translation made for Sir James Ware, by Dudley Mac Firbis,a MS.in the British Museum, by James [Ienthorn Todd, D. D., M. R. I. A. and John O'Donovan, Esq. “ II. The Annals of Inisfallen: from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin; with a translation and notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq. “THT. Macariw Excidium, the Destruction of Cyprus; being a secret History of the Civil War in Ireland under James 11., by Colonel Charles O'Kelly. “This work has been translated from the original Latin, by Denis Henry Kelly, Esgq., of Castle Kellv, a descendant of the author, and will be illustrated with notes, by John O'Callaghan, Eas. “TV. Ecclesiastical Taxation of Ireland, cire. 1300. Edited, from the ori- ginal Exchequer Rolls, in the Carlton-Ride Record Office, London, with notes, by the Rev. William Reeves, M. B.. of Trinity College, Dublin. “ An accurate transcript has been made by Mr. Reeves, and the work is al- ready in a state of forwardness. “ V. The Liber Hymnorum: from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College. Dublin; edited by the Rey. James H. Todd, D.1., M.R. L A. Feb low of Trinity College; and the Rev. William Reeves, M. B. “ An 9 é“ An accurate transcript of the MS. has been made; but the work is one of very peculiar difficulty, and it will probably be some time before it can be put to Press. “ VI. Sir William Petty’s Narrative of his Proceedings in the Survey of Ireland. From a MS. im the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited with notes, by Thomas A. Larcom, Esq., Capt. R. E., V. P.R.I. A. é“ VHI. Articles of Capitulation and Surrender of Cities, Towns, Castles, Forts, &c., in Ireland, to the Parliamentary Forces, from A. D. 1649 to 1654. Edited, with Historical Notices, by James Hardiman, Esq., M. R.1. A. “VIII. The Genealogy and History of the Saints of Ireland: from the Book of Lecan; edited, with a translation and notes, by John O’Donovan, Esq. “1X. Mac Firbis’s Account of the Firbolgs and Danes, from a MS. in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, with a translation and notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq. é“ X. Sopama. The Origin and History of the Boromean Tribute. Edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with a translation and notes, by Eugene Curry Esq. é XI. The Progresses of the Lords Lieutenants in Ireland ; from MSS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by Joseph Huband Smith, Esq., M. A., M. R. I. A. “Tn conclusion, the Council would impress upon every lover of Insh literature, the importance of endeavouring to procure additional Members for this Society, and to increase in every way its pecuniary resources. Means, alone, are want- ing to carry out its objects more rapidly and extensively. There are hundreds of valuable tracts and MSS. within our reach, to say nothing of the stores pre- served in England and on the Continent, which, for want of funds, the Council are prevented from publishing. “The most direct way of 1 increasing our funds is that which has already been recommended, an increase in the number of Members of the Society: if every Member would undertake to procure an additional Member before the next Gencral Meeting, this alone would double our funds; and this would surely not be impossible. é“ But the Council would further take the liberty of suggesting to such Mem- bers as are in possession of the means, that the objects of the Society would be also very materially promoted by donations towards the expenses of particular b publications 10 publications ; or Members might endeavour amongst their fnends, whether Members of the Socicty or not, to raise a fund for assisting any particular work of interest. The Council would be happy to enter into negociation with any Mem- bers whose zeal for the promotion of our native hterature might lead them tw act upon this suggestion; and it would be easy to make an arrangement tor placing at the disposal of the contributors to such a fund, a certain number of copies of the work so assisted. «The Council would recommend the series of our Irish Annals, such e=pe- cially as have been quoted by the Four Masters, and constitute the authorities of their work, asa very favourable undertaking to be assisted in this way. The Annals of Ulster, and the Annals of Inisfallen, have been already announced: and the Annals of Connaught, the Annals of Boyle, and the eurious volume of Irish Annals which Dr. Todd once thought was the Annals of Kilronan, are all within the reach of the Suciety, and could immediately be undertaken, if funds could be procured. Such a series, it is hoped, uniformly edited, in the manner in which this Society’s publications have been hitherto edited, muy possibly be regarded as a work of national interest; and many, perhaps, would he glad to contribute to it, even though they were unable to afford the expense of becoming Members of the Society. é With this suggestion the Council will close this Report of their labours in the cause of the Society: they are desirous, however, of culling the attention of this Meeting to a matter of minor importance, but which has, notwithstanding, been productive of some inconvenience to those who are intrusted with the practical working of the Society. Several gentlemen, and even noblemen, who have been elected members, have neglected to pay their subscriptions, and give no reply to the applications made to them by the Treasurer; the Council forbear to publish names; but they would strongly advise the aduption by the Society of the following resolution, to be added to our fundamental Laws: “