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SAMUEL PEFYS,EE!'
DIARj,Y c^ND CORRESPONDENCE §f SAMUEL PEPYS, F. R. S.
Secretary to the c^ldmiralty in the Reign of Charles II and James II
The Diary Deciphered by
REV.J.SMITH,A.M.
from the original Shorthand MS.
Life and Notes \iy
RICHARD, LORD BRj,AYBRj,OOKE
With One Hundred Illus- trations gathered, verified and described by
CHARLES CURTIS B I G E L O W
In Four Volumes VOLUME I
JOHN D. cTWORRIS C^ COMPANY PHILcADELPHI cA , P cA .
DPI P4-RH-
V.l
CASTLEMAINE EDITION DE LUXE
PEPYS' DIARY
Limited to One Thousand Sets of which this is
NO. 292
PREFACE
TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
Thu Memoirs of Samuel Pepys, and the History of his Short-Hand Diary, have been so long well known to the literary world, that the fourth edition of the work, com- prised in the following pages, can hardly require any formal or lengthened introduction. It should, however, be explained, that as the edition of 1848, which had found more general favour than its predecessors, was already out of print, Mr. Henry Colburn, the publisher, strongly urged that the book should be again brought forth under my auspices, and I have ventured to accede to his request. So true is the French couplet :
" On revient toujours, A ses premiers amours."
There appeared, indeed, no necessity to amplify, or in any way to alter the text of the Diary^ beyond the cor- rection of a few verbal errors and corrupt passages hitherto overlooked ; but care has been taken to trans- plant all the notes from the Addenda in the fifth volume,
(iii)
iv PREFACE,
into their proper places at the bottom of the page in which the first mention occurs of the person or subject to which they relate ; and in all cases where references are made to other parts of the Diary, dates have been substi- tuted for paginal numbers, so that every passage quoted may now be found with equal facility in all the editions of the work.
But a still greater improvement has been carried out by printing the new edition iu an octavo form, owing to which it is now restricted to four volumes, without any of the matter being omitted; and sufficient space is afibrded for the insertion of a great variety of fresh notes and illustrations, and several interesting letters, hitherto unpublished, have been added to the Correspondence.
We may assume that, considering the multiplicity of subjects occurring throughout the Diary, very few pas- sages are now left unexplained, an advantage mainly attributable to the good offices of my friend Mr. John Holmes of the British Museum, who, in the same spirit which induced him to assist me on a former occasion, came again to the rescue ; and besides contributing a great many interesting notes, took the pains to verify the information supplied from other sources, and to examine every sheet, while the work was in the press. I hope the reader will not fail duly to appreciate the value and extent of these kind and most effective services, for which I cannot feel sufficiently grateful, conscious as I am, at my advanced age, how materially the editorial duties would have suffered had I been left to my owm resources.
I am also indebted to Mr. Peter Cunningham for some useful notes communicated while the Diary was printing, as well as for such hints as I obtained from his Rand
PREFACE. y
Book of London. I should further mention, that Mr. James Yeowell, who was selected by Mr. Colburn to re-arrange the notes and index, and to make extracts from such MS. materials as he discovered in the British Museum and Bodleian Library, performed his task to my entire satisfaction, and is entitled to my best thanks.
In conclusion, I wish to say a few words as to the history of the Diurnall of Thomas Rugge, B.M. (Addi- tional MSS. 10,116, 10,117), so frequently quoted in the Notes, to a transcript of which, made with a view to its publication, I was fortunate enough to procure access. The extracts indeed might have been multiplied ad infi- nitum, had it seemed expedient, for Rugge was a contem- porary of Pepys, and they were both residing in London, and keeping Diaries at the same time. Upon comparing their respective accounts of the same transactions, it is not surprising that they should agree as to the main facts; but it is satisfactory to find how often they corroborate each other in the minor details, thereby aftbrding strong presumption of their veracity. The MS. is described in Mr. Holmes's own words as
"mercurius politicus rediyitus;"
or, A Collection of the most materiall occurrances and transactions in
Public Affairs since Anno DSi, 1659, untill
(28 March, 1672),
serving as an annuall diurnall for future satisfaction and information,
By Thomas Ruggk.
Est natura hominum Doritatis avida. — PUniuB.
This MS. belonged, in 1693, to Thomas Grey, second Earl of Stamford. It has his autograph at the commence- ment, and on the sides are his arms (four quarterings) in gold. In 1819, it was sold by auction in London, as part 4*
yj PREFACE.
of tlio collection of Thomas Lloyd, Esq. (No. 1465), and was then bought by Thomas Thorpe, bookseller. Whilst Mr. Lloyd was the possessor, the MS. was lent to Dr. Lingard, whose note of thanks to Mr. Lloyd is preserved in the volume. From Thorpe it appears to have passed to Mr. Heber, at the sale of whose MSS. in Feb. 1836, by Mr. Evans of Pall-mall, it was purchased by the British Museum for 81 8s.
Thomas Rugge was descended from an ancient Norfolk family, and two of his ancestors are described as Alder- men of Norwich. His death has been ascertained to have occurred about 1672 ; and in the Diary for the pre- ceding year he complains that on account of his declining health, his entries will be but few. Nothing has been traced of his personal circumstances beyond the fact of his having lived for fourteen years in Covent Garden, then a fashionable locality.
Bratbkooke.
Audley Sod.
LIFE
OV
SAMUEL PEPYS.
Samuel Pepys, the author of the Diary, was descended from a younger branch of the ancient family of that name, who settled at Cottenham, in Cambridgeshire, early in the sixteenth century; and are represented in Blomefield's History of Norfolk to have been previously seated at Diss, in that county; but he himself did not think that his ancestors ever had been considerable.^
The recent discovery of an old manuscript volume, for- merly belonging to the great-uncle of our Journalist, entitled, Liber Talhoti Pepys de instrumentis ad Feoda per- tinentibus exemplificatis, enables me to trace their origin to a more remote period. This curious book, for the loan of which I am indebted to the kindness of the Rev. John Dale, Vicar of Bolney, Sussex, was found by him in March, 1852, in an ancient chest in his parish Church ; and contains, inter alia, the following entry : — " ANoate written out of an ould Booke of my uncle, William Pepys."
""William Pepys, who died at Cottenham, 10 R. 8, was brought up by the Abbat of Crowland,^ in Huntingdon- Bhire, and he was borne in Dunbar, in Scotland, a gentle- man, whom the said Abbat did make his Bayliffe of all nis lands in Cambridgeshire, and placed him in Cotten- ham, which William aforesaid had three sonnes, Thomas
* See Dianj, 10th February, 1661-2, post.
* Compare I2th June, 1667, vol, iii., 149.
(vii)
yiiJ LIFE OF
John, and William, to whom Margaret, was mothei naturallie, all of whom left issue."
We come now to John Pepys, the father of Samuel, and grandson of Thomas Pep3'S last mentioned, who was a citizen of London, where he followed the trade of a tailor till the year 1660 ; when he retired to Brampton, near Huntingdon, at which place he had inherited a small pro- perty, worth ahout 40?. rental, from an elder brother, and ended his days there in 1680. Of our author's mother, it is only known that her baptismal name was Margaret, and that she died in 1666-7, having had issue six sons and five daughters, of which number, three males, and one female, were living in 1659.
Samuel, the eldest surviving son, was born on the 23d of February, 1632-3, whether at Brampton or in London cannot be decided, both places having been claimed with equal confidence by his biographers.^ From allasions in the Diary, he seems to have been well acquainted with the metropolis and its environs in his earliest childhood : but he received the first rudiments of education at Hunting- don previously to his admission into St. Paul's School, where he continued till 1650, early in which year his name occurs as a Sizar on the boards of Trinity College, Cam- bridge. But before his academical residence commenced, March 5th, 1650-1, he had removed to Magdalene College, where he was elected into one of Mr. Spendluffe's scholar- ships the next month ; and, in 1651, preferred to one on Dr. Smith's foundation.
How long Pepys continued at Cambridge, or what pro ficiency he made, we are not informed. The onl}^ notice of him that has been discovered is subjoined, and is more creditable to the discipline of the college than to our young student.^ On December 1, 1655, he married Elizabeth St.
' S. Knight, who wrote The Life of Bean Colet, and was related to Pepys, says Brampton positively. See Pedigree, in vol. iv.
•October 21, 1653. "Memorandum: that Peapys and Hind were solemnly admonished by myself and Mr. Hill, for having been scandalously over-served with drink y' night before. This was done in the presence of all the Fellows then resident, in Mr. Hill's chamber. — John Wood, Registrar." {From tkt Registrar' a-hnok of Magdalene College.)
SAMUEL PEPYS.
VS.
Michel,' a native of Somersetshire, of whom it is recorded, on her moDimient, that her father was of good family, and her mother descended from the Cliffords of Cumberland, though there is no evidence whatever to support the assumption. The best account of Mrs. Pepys's parentage is contained in a letter from Balthazar St. Michel to Pepys, 8th Feb- ruary, 1673-4, on the subject of his deceased sister's reli- gious tenets. "We learn from this paper that they were the grandchildren of the High Sheriff of Anjou, in France, all of whose family w^ere rigid Papists, and who disin- herited his son, then in the German military service, and about twenty-one years of age, upon hearing of his having been converted to Protestantism, and persuaded his bro- ther, a rich French Chanione, to alter the disposition that he had made in favour of his nephew. The youth being thus deprived of any fortune, came over to England as gentleman-carver to Queen Henrietta Maria, from which ofB.ce he was dismissed for striking a friar, who had rebuked him for absenting himself from mass. He shortly after married the widow of an Irish esquire, described as the daughter of Sir Francis Kingsmill ; and he seems to have resided with his wife at or near Bideford, in Somersetshire, which, according to Mrs. Pepys's monumental inscription in Appendix G, was her native place. At a later period, St. Michel served against the Spaniards, at the taking of Dunkirk and Arras ; and settling at Paris in indigent cir- cumstances, he was exposed to new difficulties : for during his absence from home, some " deluding Papists " and
' The following entry of Pepys's marriage is extracted from tbe Register of St. Margaret's, and noticed in the second edition of Walcott's Memorials of West- minster, Appendix, p. 30, — " Samuell Peps of this parish, Gent., and Elizabeth Marchand, de S°' Michell, of Martins-in-the-fTeilds, Spinster, were published October 19, 22, 29, and were married by Richard Sherwyn, Esqr., one of the Justices of the Peace for the Cittie and Lyberties of Westminster, December 1st, 1655. R. V. Sherwyn." Communicated by the Rev. Mackenzie Walcott, Curate of the parish. It is notorious that the registers in those times were very ill kept, of which we have here a striking instance. Pepys was in the habit of annually celebrating his wedding-day on the 10th of October, whereas the entry records the bans to have been published on the 19th, 22d, and 29th of October, and the wedding as having taken place the 1st of December. Surely a man who kept •*. Diary could not have made such a blunder.
X LIFE OF
"pretended devouts" (as the young Balthazar descnhefl them), having promised to provide for the family, inveigled his wife and two children into a Roman Catholic estah- lishment, whence the future Mrs. Pepys, then only twelve or thirteen years old, and " extreme handsome," was re- moved into " TheUrsulines," then considered the strictest Donvent in Paris. They were, however, all rescued by Mr. St. Michel, who was almost distracted at what had occurred, and removed his family to England, where his daughter's marriage took place, though we are not told how she became acquainted with Pepys.
As the young lady had only just quitted a convent, at the early age of fifteen, and brought her husband no for- tune, the youthful pair were doubtless glad to find an asylum in the family of Pepys's cousin. Sir Edward Mon- tagu, afterwards the first Earl of Sandwich, to whose good ofiices at this juncture, and continued friendship, he owed and gratefully acknowledged his subsequent advancement. Of the exact situation he filled whilst under the roof of his powerful relative no mention is made. We only know that he underwent an operation for the stone on the 16th of March, 1658, with so much success, that he for many years celebrated the anniversary of his deliverance with a becoming sense of the Divine mercy extended to him. Shortly after his recovery, he attended Sir Edward Mon- tagu upon his expedition to the Sound, and at their return was employed as a clerk, under Mr. George Downing, created a Baronet at the Restoration, in some office in the Exchequer, connected with the pay of the Army.
About this time, he began to keep a Diary, which is continued uninterruptedly from the first entry, 1 January, 1659-60, for above nine years, when he was obliged, from defective vision, to discontinue this daily task. As he availed himself of his facility in writing shorthand, he was enabled safely to record his most secret thoughts, and to note down his memoranda with clearness and despatch. The Cipher employed by him greatly resembles that known by the name of "Rich's System." which, within
SAMUEL PEPTS.
XI
the memory of man, could "have been easily made out by many persons, as it had formed part of the regular course of instruction required in the Non-conformists' academies, to enable the students to make notes of lectures and ser- mons. A more interesting moment for the commence- ment of a journal could not well have been selected, as we are at once introduced to the most minute and circum- stantial details of the exciting events preceding the Resto- ration. And, as our author was soon after appointed secretary to the two Generals of the Fleet, and went to Scheveling on board the flag-ship of his patron, Sir Edward Montagu, to bring home Charles 11., every occur- rence is related in connexion with that memorable expe- dition. It was natural to suppose that, while his Kinsman, who had acted so conspicuous a part in restoring the mo- narchy, was rewarded with an Earldom, and made Keeper of the Great Wardrobe and Clerk of the Privy Seal, his confidential servant would not remain long unemployed. Accordingly, we find Pepys in the following summer nominated Clerk of the Acts of theKavy ; and he entered upon his new duties early in June, 1660, at which time he went to reside in a house belonging to the l^avy Oflice in Seething Lane, in the parish of St. Olave, Hart Street. From this moment, his natural talents for business seem to have developed themselves ; and his zeal and industry soon acquired for him respect from his brother ofiicers, and the esteem of the Duke of York, with whom, as Lord High Admiral, he had constant intercourse till the Revolution.
It could not be expected that, in so licentious an age, when love of pleasure was the order of the day, the new Clerk of the Acts should have been so completely absorbed by his official labours as to take no interest in the scenes of dissipation which surrounded him. His first object, however, was to discharge his official duties : and, when we observe the many hours which he devoted to the theatre, and to every sort of amusement, it becomes matter of astonishment how he could have found leisure
xii LIFE OF
to despatcli so much "business, and to make copies of the voluminous papers connected with the IN'avy. They afford the best proof that he laboured incessantly for the good of the service, and endeavoured to check the rapacity of the Contractors, by whom the Naval stores were then Bupplied, and to establish such regulations in the Dock- yards as might ensure order and economy. He also •strenuously advocated the promotion of the old estab- lished Officers of the Navy, striving to counteract the undue influence exercised by the Court minions, which too often prevailed in that unprincipled Government over every claim of merit or service ; and he discountenanced the open system of selling places, practised in every department of the State, in the most unblushing manner.
The Dutch war, which broke out in 1664, stimulated Pepys to still further exertions, as all the naval energies of the nation were necessarily called into action ; and, during the plague of 1665, when the metropolis was deserted, and every branch of the service completely abandoned, the. whole management of the concerns of the Navy devolved upon him, and he remained at his post, regardless of the dangers which environed him. " The sickness in general thickens round us, and particu- larly upon our neighbourhood," observes Pepys, in writing to Sir W. Coventry at this juncture. " You, sir, took your turn of the sword ; I must not, therefore, grudge to take mine of the pestilence."
He soon afterwards succeeded Mr. Thomas Povy as Treasurer to the Commissioners for the affairs of Tangier, and Surveyor-general of the VictualUng department; which last office he resigned when the peace was concluded,
During the Fire of London, respecting which so much is said in these pages, Pepys rendered the most essential service, by sending up the artificers from the Dockyards, who adopted the plan of blowing up houses, and arrested the progress of the flames. We come next to De Ruyter'e memorable enterprise against Chatham, the details of which will be found highly interesting. " The loss to the
SAMUEL PEP YS. juj
English," observes Lingard,^ " if we consider the force of the enemy, and the defenceless state of the river, was much less than might have been apprehended, but the disgrace sunk deep into the hearts of the King and of his subjects. That England, so lately the mistress of the ocean, should be unable to meet her enemies at sea, and that the Dutch, whom she had so often defeated, should ride triumphant in her rivers, burn her ships, and scatter dismay through the capital and the country, were univer- sally subjects of grief and indignation."
No wonder, then, that a Parliamentary inquiry was insisted upon, in order that the authors of the alleged miscarriages might be brought to condign punishment. And in this spirit the Officers of the Navy Board were, on the 5th of March, 1668, summoned to the Bar of the House of Commons to answer for their faults, in the fall expec- tation of losing their places, though the difficulties with which they had been beset were in fact insurmountable. The debts of the Office exceeded 900,000Z., its credit was gone, the sailors refused to serve, the labourers to work, the merchants to sell without immediate payment, and to procure money from the Treasury or from the Bankers was impossible.^ To crown the whole, the King had been driven, by pecuniary distress, reluctantly to sanction the absurd measure of not fitting out a fleet at a moment when it was most required. Such were the unpropitious circumstances under which Pepys and his colleagues ap- peared before their masters at Westminster (as he quaintly called them), and when he was selected to conduct their defence, and after speaking for three hours, so far suc- ceeded in removing the prejudice against the Officers of the Navy Board, that no further proceedings were taken in Parliament on the subject.
The compliments which Pepys received from so many different quarters upon this unexpected display of elo- quence must have been highly flattering, and the particu-
' History of Wngland. ' Lingard.
Vol. I. — 2
XIV
LIFE OF
lai's are too minutely detailed in the Diary to leave any doubt on the subject. Still, it does not appear that he ever afterwards rose to distinction as a Parliamentary Speaker, though he sat for many years in the House of Commons,^ and occasionally took part in the debates. In the following summer our author was obliged to dis- continue his Diary, owing to the increasing weakness of his eyes, w^hich had long been impaired by his incessant correspondence, and the use of shorthand ; but, although he was apprehensive of entirely losing his sight, the dis- order does not seem to have gained ground during the remainder of his long life. At all events, some relaxation from business had become necessary, after nine years' un- interrupted labour: Pepys accordingly obtained a few months' leave of absence, which enabled him to make a tour through France and Holland, accompanied by his wife. Upon this excursion he often dwells with pleasure in his Correspondence ; and he appears, from one of his letters to Charles 11., to have occupied himself while abroad in making collections respecting the French and Dutch Navy ; so anxious was he at all times to improve his knowledge of nautical affairs, and to acquire useful information connected with his favourite employments.
Shortly after his return home, he had the misfortune to lose his wife, who died at his house in Hart Street, on the 10th of November, 1669, leaving him no issue. She had been ill only a few^ days, though her delicate state of health is often alluded to in the Diary. Previously to her death, she, with her husband, received the Sacrament from Dr. Milles, the rector of the parish ; thus, in hei last moments, removing the fears which he had long entertained of her being disposed to the Roman Catholic faith.
This melancholy event prevented Pepys from attending the ensuing election at Aldborough, in Suffolk, for which
' He had served once for Castle Rising, and represented Harwich in two parlia- ments, and made his election for that place in 1685, when he was also chosen fof Sandwich
SAMUEL PEPYS. XV
borough lie had been proposed as a candidate, in lieu of Sir Robert Brookes/ lately deceased ; but his friends exerted themselves to the utmost to procure his election. His cause was also openly and warmly espoused by the Duke of York and Lord Henry Howard ;2 but all their efforts failed, and the contest ended in favour of the popular party. In January, 1673, Pepys was chosen burgess for Castle Rising,^ on Sir Robert Paston's* eleva- tion to the Peerage ; but his unsuccessful opponent, Mr. Offley, petitioning against the return, the Election was determined to be void by the Committee of Privileges. The Parliament, however, being prorogued the following month, without the House's coming to any vote on the subject, Pepys was permitted to retain his seat.^ The
' Sir Robert Brookes, Lord of the Manor of Wanstead, from 1662 to 1667 ; M.P. for Aldborough in Suffolk. He afterwards retired to France, in bad circumstances, and from a letter among the Pepys MSS., appears to have been drowned in the river at Lyons.
' Second son of Henry Enrl of Arundel : in 1669, created Baron Howard, of Castle Rising; and, in 1672, advanced to the Earldom of Norwich Upon the death of his elder brother Thomas, s. p., in 1677, he became the sixth Duke of Norfolk. He was a great benefactor to the Royal Society, and presented the Arundel Mar- bles to the University of Oxford. Ob. January, 1683-4.
' Pepys's papers relating to the Castle Rising Election are in Rawlinson, A. 172.
* Sir Robert Paston was created Baron and Viscount Yarmouth in 167.'?, and advanced to the Earldom by the same title in 1679. The honours all became extinct on the death of his son, William, the second Peer, circiter 1733. See vol. iv., p. 203.
» " The House then proceeding upon the debate touching the Election for Castle Rising, between Mr. Pepys and Mr. OfSey, did, in the first place, take into consi- deration what related personally to Mr. Pepys. Information being given to the House that they had received an account from a person of quality, that he saw an Altar with a Crucifix upon it, in the house of Mr. Pepys ; Mr. Pepys, standing up in his place, did heartily and flatly deny that he ever had any Altar or Crucifix, or the image or picture of any saint whatsoever in his house, from the top to tho bottom of it; and the Members being called upon to name the person that gave them the information, they were unwilling to declare it without the order of the House; which, being made, they named the Earl of Shaftesbury; and the House being also informed that Sir J. Banks did likewise see the Altar, he was ordered to attend the Bar of the House, to declare what he knew of this matter. Ordered that Sir William Coventry, Sir Thomas Meeres, and Mr. Garraway do attend Lord Shaftesbury on the like occasion, and receive what information his Lordship can
give on this matter." — Journals of the House of Commons, vol. ix., p. 306.
"13th February, Sir W. Coventry reports that they attended the Earl of Shaftes- bury, and received from him the account which they had put in writing. The Earl of Shaftesbury denieth that he ever saw an Altar in Mr. Pepys's house or lodgings ; as to the Crucifix, he saith he hath some imperfect memory of seeing
XVI
LIFE OF
grounds upon which the Committee decided do not appear; but the proceedings of the House on the subject, as entered on the Journals, are given in the note below. They exhibit a striking and most disgusting picture of the spirit of those times. It was charged against Pepys, that a crucifix had been seen in his house, from which it was inferred that he was " a Papist, or Popishly inclined ;" and this vague suspicion, not of a man's actions, but of his belief or his inclinations, was deemed by the House the first subject to be inquired into in the adjudication of a controverted election. From the result, however, of this examination, neither the fact nor the inference received the smallest support. They had been grounded on the reported assertions of Sir John Banks and the Earl of Shaftesbury. Banks explicitly denied the whole. Shaftesbury's evidence I forbear to characterize : such as it is, the reader may see it in the note. Painful, indeed, is it to reflect to what lengths the bad passions which party violence inflames could in those days carry a man of Shaftesbury's rank, station, and abilities. We also collect from Cole's MS. AtJiense Cantahrigienses,^ that, some years afterwards, Shaftesbury, in his eagerness to fix the odium of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey's murder'
somewhat which he conceived to be a Crucifix. When his Lordship was asked the time, he said it was before the burning of the Office of the Navy. Being askod concerning the manner, he said he could not remember whether it wore painted or carved, or in what manner the thing was; and that his memory was so very imperfect in it, that if he were upon his oath he could give no testimony." — Ihid., vol. ix.,
p. 309. "16th February — Sir John Banks was called in — The Speaker desired
him to answer what acquaintance he had with Mr. Pepys, and whether he used to have recourse to him to his house, and had ever seen there any Altar or Crucifix, or whether he knew of his being a Papist, or Popishly inclined. Sir J. Banks said that he had known and had been acquainted with Mr. Pepys several years, and had often visited him and conversed with him at the Navy Office, aad at his house there upon several occasions; and that he never saw in his house there any Altar or Crucifix, and that he does not believe him to be a Papist, or that way inclined in the least, nor had any reason or ground to think or believe it." — Ibid, vol, ix., p. 310.
* In the British Museum.
' The attempt to connect Pepys with the murder of Sir Edmund Bury Godfrey, by bringing his clerk, Samuel Atkins, to trial, and thereby to implicate the Duke of York, is noticed in North's Examen, p. 284, In the same passage, Pepys, in 1678, though then only forty-five years of age, is described as an " elderly gentle- man, who had known softness and the pleasures of life." The proceedings againsl
SAMUEL PEPYS. ^VU
apon the Roman Catholics, threatened the pnncipal witness examined during that inquiry with the utmost rigour, in case she refused to say that Sir John Banks, Mr. Pepys, and Monsieur de Puy,^ a servant of the Duke of York's, had obliged her to depose to the fact of God- frey's having destroyed himself.
A fact of the same character, but of a still deeper hue, is told by an unexceptionable witness. Burnet was among the warmest and ablest antagonists of the Church of Rome ; and he was also, in his general opinions, an adhe- rent of the same political party to which Shaftesbury belonged : but, when he relates the detestable imposture of the Popish plot, he bears against that great promoter of those proceedings an honest and memorable testimony. He is speaking of the persecution of Staley, the first vic- tim of those horrid perjuries. "When I heard," he says, " who the witnesses were, I thought I was bound to do what I could to stop it ; so I sent both to the Lord Chan- cellor and to the Attorney-General, to let them know what profligate wretches these witnesses were. Jones, the Attorney-General, took it ill of me that I should dispa- rage the King's evidence." He then speaks of the clamour raised on this occasion against himself, and adds, "I had likewise observed, to several persons of weight, how many incredible things there were in the evidence that was given. I wished they would make use of the heat the nation was in to secure us efl'ectually from Popery : we saw certain evidence to carry us so far as to graft that upon it;^ but I wished they would not run too hastily to the taking men's lives away upon such testimo-
Atkins are fearful; the Spanish Inquisition could not have been a more wicked tribunal. For an account of Atkins's Case and other documents about Sir E. B. Godfrey's murder, see Rawlinson, A. 173.
' Yeoman of the Robes to the Duke of York, with a salary of 60?.
' He here alludes, probably, to the projected exclusion of the Duke of York from the throne, a measure for which abundant cause has been given. The only real Popish Plot was the plot of the King and his brother. They, and not the wretched victims in this persecution, had conspired with France to subvert the religion and liberties of a people, to whose ill-requited loyalty they had been so recently and BO largely indebted.
2* B
xviii LIFE OF
iiies. Lord Ilollis had more temper than I expected from a man of his heat. Lord Halifax was of the same mind. But the Earl of Shaftesbury could not bear the dis(?ourse : he said, ' We must support the evidence, and that all those who undermined the credit of the witnesses were to be looked on a^, public enemies.' "^ This passage requires no comment. The charge against Pepys was in truth a heavy one — that of hypocrisy and dissimulation in matters of religion : it is sufficiently refuted by this view of the principles and conduct of him who was the chief instiga- tor, as well as the chief witness in the case; but with respect to the religion of Pepys, these volumes supply conclusive information. He was educated in the pure and reformed faith of the Church of England. To that he adhered through life, and in that he died. In some of the earliest pages of his Diary, how interesting are the accounts of his attendance on the worship of that Church, when her rites were adminstered to a scattered flock by a few faithful and courageous men, who met for that pur- pose in secret and in danger, like the Fathers of the primitive Church under the tyranny of their heathen persecutors ! After the Restoration, the confidential servant of the Duke of York, and the Secretary of the Admiralty to Charles the Second and James the Second, saw, undoubtedly, how much his temporal interests would be promoted by his conversion to that faith which both those Princes had embraced, and for the propagation of which the last of them, his immediate patron, manifested such a biffoted and fanatical enthusiasm. But there is no reason for believing that any such temptation ever entered into his mind ; or, if it did, the reader will see, at the cjose of this Memoir, the most satisfactory proofs that it was steadily and successfully resisted.
Upon the death of Sir Thomas Page, Provost of King's College, in August 1681,^ Pepys was recommended cy his
' Burnet, History of Hi» Own Time, 1678.
• Bentley's Pepys Correspondence, vol. i., pp. 265 — 272.
SAMUEL PEPYS.
XVL
friend, Mr. S. Maryon, Fellow of Clare Ilall, to apply to the King for the appointment, being assured that the Royal Mandate, if obtained, would secure his election. Nothing further seems, however, to have been done in the matter, beyond Pepys writing to explain that he w^ould only accept the office on the condition of his employing his retirement in putting together the Collections which he had been so long engaged in arranging connected with Naval Subjects, for the use of the public ; and he added that the profits of the Provostship during the first year, computed at 700Z. and not less than a full half in each succeeding year, should, in the event of his appointment, be dedicated to the general use and advantage of the College.^
In the summer of 1673, the Duke of York having resigned all his employments, upon the passing of the Test Act, his Majesty called Pepys into his own service, as Secretary for the afi:airs of the Navy, and he had sufii- cient interest to procure the joint-appointment of Clerk of the Acts for Thomas Hayter, who had been for many years his confidential Clerk, and John Pepys, his only surviving brother, who held the place till his death, in 1677.^ The Secretary to the Navy acquired additional credit in his new station ; but it did not prove a bed of roses, for he once more excited the envy and malice of his enemies, who lost no opportunity of revenging them- selves upon the Duke of York, by directing their attacKS against all his dependents. Accordingly, during the tur- bulent juncture of the Popish Plot, complaints having been made in the House of Commons of various miscar- riages in the Navy, a committee was appointed to inquire into the circumstances, in which Mr. Ilarbord,^ Burgess
' John Coplestone was made Provost. He died in 1689.
* See the King's warrant in Rawlinson, A. 180, fol. 189.
' William Harbord, of Cadbury, co. Somerset, 2nd son of Sir Charles Harbord, Surveyor-General : he was twice married, but died at Belgrade, in July, 1692, J. p. m. Harbord's papers about the Naval Miscarriages and Pepys's replies are in Rawlinson, A. 181. Judging from the number of these documents, It must have given Pepys the greatest trouble and uneasiness. Amongst other
zx
LIPE OF
for Thetford, took the lead against Pepys and Sir Anthony Deane.' They were accused, on the depositions of Colo- nel John Scott and others, of sending secret particulars respecting the English Navy to the French government, in order to assist in the design of dethroning the King and extirpating the Protestant religion ; and Pepys was again charged with being a Roman Catholic, and a great favourer of that party. They were committed to the Tower, under the Speaker's warrant, May 22d, 1679. On the 2nd of June, both prisoners were brought to the Bar of the King's Bench, when bail being denied them, their counsel pressed for a speedy trial, which the Attorney- General refused, upon the ground that he expected more evidence of their treasonable correspondence with France. They were then remanded to the Tower, and after being brought up a second and third time, allowed to find secu- rity in 30,000Z. ; and, though they subsequently appeared in Court four times more, the trial was always postponed upon the same plea.^ At length, on February 12th, 1679-80, they moved by counsel to be discharged : and, on the Attorney-General's stating that Scott now refused to acknowledge the truth of his original deposition, upon which the whole charge rested, the prisoners were relieved
things there are the original papers found in Scott's closet at his lodging in Canning Street, after his flight, as well as the following memorandum : — "That about the time of Mr. Pepys's surrender of his employment of Secretary of the Admiralty, Capt. Russell and myself being in discourse about Mr. Pepys, Mr. Russell delivered himself in these or other words to this purport: — That he thought it might be of advantage to both, if a good understanding were had between his brother Harbord and Mr. Pepys, asking me to propose it to Mr. Pepys, and he would to his brother, which I agreed to, and went immediately from him to Mr. Pepys, and telling him of this discourse, he gave me readily this answer in these very words: — That he knew of no service Mr. Harbord could doe him, or if he could, he should be the last man in England he would receive any from."
' For notices of the charges against Pepys and Sir Anthony Deane, see Harris's Charles the Second, vol. ii., pp. 237-239 ; and Grey's Debates, vol. vii., pp. SOS- SIS. In Rawlinson, A. 173, fol. 180, is the following MS. : — " Plane Truth, or Closet Discorce betwixt Pepys and Hewers." The orthography is wretched, and would seem to be in the writing of James, the butler, as it immediately follows his Charge. There is a printed copy of a pamphlet with a similar title in the Library of the Corporation of London. It possesses no sort of merit, but for scurrility could not be surpassed. See vol. iv., p. 69, note 2.
' See Appendix IL
SAMUEL PEPYS. xxi
from their bail, and their motion was acceded to on the first day of the next term, with the consent of the Law Ofiicers of the Crown.
It is, indeed, difficnlt to recur to such unjust and arbi- trary proceedings ^vithout disgust; but the accusation being; so serious, it seems due to the characters of the parties suspected to examine the allegations closer. On reference to the papers still extant, in which the whole case is detailed, it appears that numerous affidavits were made by persons resident in France, Holland, America, and England, all agreeing as to the infamy of Scott's cha- racter. We are also informed, in the Correspondence, that he was afterwards obliged to quit the country pre- cipitately, having killed a coachman in a fray, for which offisnce he was outlawed. It is farther stated that a principal witness against Pepys, named James, ^ formerly his butler, had deposed before the Committee to his master's being a Roman Catholic ; and that Morelli, who lived with him, though engaged under pretence of teaching him music, was a priest in disguise.^ But, on his own apprehension, James confessed that he had invented the whole story, at the instigation of Mr. Har- bord, who had held out promises and rewards to him, through Colonel Mansell and Mr. Alexander Harris : and he swore to this recantation before several witnesses. In addition to these exculpatory facts, we have the testimony of Evelyn, who mentions in his Diary (4th June 1679), that he dined with Pepys, then a prisoner in the Tower, and believed him to he unjustly accused.
' John James, of Glentworth, co. Lincoln. He had been servant to Sir William Coventry, and was recommended to Pepys by Sir R. Mason. See James's evidenea against Pepys in Grey's Debates, yol. vii., p. 304.
^ When the charges against Pepys were being debated in the Commons, Sir Francis Piolle sarcastically remarked, that "Pepys has been very unfortunate in his servants ; one accused to be in the plot (Atkins, his Secretary) ; another, his best maid, found in bed with his butler; another accused to be a Jesuit! Very unfortunate!" To which Pepys replied, "All know I am unfortunate in my servants, but I hope that it is no crime to be so. I have not taken servants at haphazard. I have bond for James, and a recommendation of Morelli. That I am unfortunate is my misfortune." — Qrey's Debates, vol. vii., p. 310.
;£xii LIFE OP
In the mean time, Charles 11. again changed tlie con stitutiou of the Admiralty; owing to which arrangement, the nation lost the benefit of Pepys's services therein ; but he had the honour of attending his royal master for ten days at Newmarket, in October, 1680, on which occa- sion he took down in shorthand, from the King's own mouth, the !N'arrative, since frequently published, of Charles's escape, after the battle of Worcester.
In September, 1683, Pepys was again brought into notice, having received the King's commands to accom- pany Lord Dartmouth on the expedition for demolishing Tangier.^ Upon this occasion, he so far resumed the use of shorthand as to make some meagre notes respect- ing the voyage, and the destruction of the Mole, which were deciphered and published, in 1841, from the MS. in the Bodleian Library. These memoranda, however, are not to be compared in interest with any part of the Original Diary ; still we cannot but regret that, as Pepys's eyesight must have been improved, he did not resume his former occupation as a journalist. During his absence from England, he took the opportunity of making excursions into Spain, as he had formerly done into France, Flanders, Holland, Sweden, and Denmark ; not to mention his lesser voyages with the Duke of York, and especially one to Scotland in the preceding year, during which he had the good fortune to be on board his
' The following letter of credit from Mr. Houblon at this juncture, in Pepys's behalf, shows the estimation in which he was held by his friends: —
London, August 8, 1683. Mr. Richard Gough — This goes by my deare friend Mr. Pepys, who is embarqued on board the Grafton man-of-warr, commanded by our Lord Dartmouth, who id Admiral of the King's Fleet for this Expedition. If Mr. Pepys's occasions draw him to Cadiz, you know what love and respect I bear him, so that I need not use arguments with you for to serve him there, which I am sure you will do to the utmost of your power. And wherein you find yourself deficient, either for want of language or knowing the country, oblige your friends to help you, that he may have all the pleasure and divertisement there that Gales can afford him. And if his occasions require any money, you will furnish him what he desires, placing it to my account. I shall write you per next post concerning other matters. I am, your loving Friend, James Houblon.
— Ratnlinson, MS.
SAMUEL PEPYS. xxiii
own 3'aclit,' when the Gloucester was lost, and the Duke and a small number only of that ship's company were saved.
From the Tangier expedition Pepys returned the fol- lowing spring ; and the King having himself resumed the office of High Admiral, he was " by the Royal commands, neither sought for nor foreseen, but brought to him ex- pressly by Lord Dartmouth from Windsor," ^ constituted Secretary for the affiiirs of the Admiralty, with a salary of 5001. per annum, in which office he continued during the remainder of the reign, and the whole of that of his successor, whose confidence he had so long and so deservedly enjoyed;^ so much so, that the curious cir- cumstance respecting Charles's becoming a Roman Catholic on his death-bed, related by Evelyn {Diary, 2nd October, 1685,) rests chiefly upon the authority of Pepys, to whom James himself had communicated all the par- ticulars. We are also told, that when that Monarch was sitting to Kneller for his picture,* intended as a present to the Secretary, news coming of the Prince of Orange having landed, the King, wdth the utmost composure, desired the painter to proceed and finish the portrait, that his good friend might not be disappointed.
The naval history of the period, from Pepys's committal to the Tower to the Abdication of James IL, and the part borne by him therein, will be found fully and elegantly
' The Catherine. See Correspondence.
' Pepys's own words in speaking of the transaction.
' A letter from to John Ellis, Secretary to the Irish Revenue, dated
London, 6th April, 1686, and printed in the Second Series of Sir 11. Ellis's Corre tpondence, vol. iv., p. 91, is not very complimentary to Pepys or his friend Hewer. The writer, in speaking of an application for some naval promotion, says, " Pepys would value Lord Ossory's recommendation at no mean rate, though Eure and he together neglect all, where money chinks not." Sir Henry Ellis quotes also the following passage from another letter in the same volume (British Museum, MS. Donat., p. 35), dated London, 10th April, 1686: — "I shall urge your monkish
brother all I can, and imagine his personal interest in will do. He
tells me he discoursed Pepys about the matter, who told him all was settled. I know the griping character of both him and Eure, and what rates every poor boson (boatswain) pays for what he has purchased with his blood, and many years' hardships."
* Lately in the possession of the Cockorell family, aad engraved by Vertue.
XXIV
LIFE OF
detailed in his Memoirs, published in 1690, which the reader may consult for his more ample satisfaction. From this little tract, as well as many passages in the Diary, it may be seen how erroneously the merit of renovating the navy has been assigned to James 11. by his biographers. Dr. Stanier Clarke,^ in particular, dwellp upon the essential and lasting benefit which that Monarch conferred on his country, by building up and regenerating the Naval Power ; and asserts, as a proof of the Kings great ability, that the regulations still enforced under the orders of the Admiralty are nearly the same as those origi- nally drawn up by him. It becomes due therefore to Pepys's memorj^ to explain that, for these improvements, the value of which is unquestionable, we are indebted to him, and not to his Royal Master. To establish this fact, it is only necessary to refer to the MSS. connected with the subject, in the Bodleian and Pepysian Libraries, by which the extent of Pepys's official labours can alone be appreciated ; and we even find in the Diary,^ that a long letter of regulation, produced before the Commis- sioners of the Navy by the Duke of York, in 1668, as his own composition^ was entirely written by the Clerk of the Acts.
Upon the accession of "William and Mary, Pepys lost hi8 official employments ; and the Electors of Harwich, unmindful of his services in former Parliaments, and naturally jealous of his attachment to the exiled Monarch, refused, after a slight struggle, to return him to the Con- vention. He retired consequently into private life, trust- ing that he should be allowed to end his days in tranquil- lity, and the enjoyment of literary society, for which his
' Tbore is a small book in the Pepysian Library, entitled, A relation of tht Troublfx in the Court of Portugal in 1667 and 8, by S. P. Esq"., London, 1677, 12mo; of which Watt states Pepys to have been the author. — See Bihlio. Britan. It seems to be a translation of a work in the King's Library, B.M., called " Rela- tion des Troubles arrivez dans la Cour da Portugal en 1667-68, par Blouin de la Piquetierre," Amsterdam, 1674. 12mo.
' See Memoirs of James II. See Diary, July and August, 1668, j)a»«7n, for the pamoulars.
SAMUEL PEPYS.
XXV
various acquirements so peculiarly qualified IiIli. Never theless, he was soon again disturbed by the virulence of his enemies, who, in June, 1690, procured his committal to the Gatehouse,^ upon pretence of his being still too well affected to the exiled King; but he shortly obtained leave, on account of ill health, to return to his own house, and there is no farther mention of the charge ; though, even in 1692, he apprehended some fresh perse- cution, being obliged (as he himself observes) to enjoy his otium without the company of more of his books and papers than he was willing should be visited and dis- turbed. Owing to this precaution, the large portion of original Pepys MSS. which remained in York Buildings were ultimately lost to Magdalene College, Cambridge, never having passed into the hands of Mr. Jackson, who had a life interest in all his Uncle's Collections. What became of these literary treasures during the interval is not known, but eventually, Dr. Rawlinson obtained them, as he said, '■'■Thus et odores vendentihus," and they were included in the bequest of his books to the Bodleian Library. They are comprised in about fifty volumes, and relate principally to Naval affairs ; but though they have lately been carefully examined, nothing of much value was elicited. A few of the most interesting letters are, indeed, inserted in the Correspondence, in addition to those previously printed, and some notes illustrating doubtful passages in the Memoirs have been gleaned from the perusal of the different MSS.
The Books in the Pepysian Library still look well, having been constantly guarded from dust, and, with a few exceptions, in morocco and vellum, are in uniform calf binding. They all bear Pepys's Coat of Arms on their boards, on the first of which are the Two Anchors
' The Gate-house was a prison in Westminster, near to the western entrance to the Ahbey from Tothill Street. It belonged to the Dean and Chapter, and was by their orders pulled down in 1776, being in a ruinous condition. Many consider- able persons had been, from the earliest times, confined there. — See Walcott'i We8tmi?ister, pp. 273, 274.
Vol. L — 3
Xxvi LIFE OF
of tie Admiralty crossed behind a shield, incribed SAM PEPYS CAR ET JAC ANGL REGIE A SECRETIS ADMIRALLJ]. The shield is surmounted by his Cregt. On the last board are his Arms and his Motto —
MENS CUJUSQUE IS EST QUISQUE.
Within the title on the back is his portrait, by R. "White, after Kneller, with his name and description above, and the motto below.^
Pepys seems to have been fond of sitting for his picture from the commencement of his official career, and there are several portraits of him extant. Amongst these may be mentioned two at Magdalene College, and one, by Kneller, still in the possession of the Royal Society, to whom Pepys presented it when their President. Another picture of him, by the same master, was sold at the Cockerell auction in 1849. There are also several en- gravings taken from these portraits, besides those given in the different editions of the Memoirs.
We are assured, that, notwithstanding political preju- dices and the bitterness of party spirit, Pepys was very generally consulted up to the time of his death, and looked upon as an oracle in all matters concerning the IsTavy ; and, as far as the difficulties of the times allowed him op- portunity, he continued uniformly anxious to point out any improvement likely to benefit the service to which he had so long been an ornament.
Nor were the leisure hours of his retirement spent in an useless manner, as he devoted himself to the restora- tion of the government of Christ's Hospital to its pristine purity ; and he succeeded in preserving from impending ruin the Mathematical Foundation there, which had been originally designed by him, and, through his anxious solicitations, endowed and cherished by his two Royal Masters.
* Hartshorne's Book Baritiea of Cambridge.
SAMUEL PEPYS. xxvil
The estimation in which Pepys was held for his literary attainments had raised him, in 1684, to the high station of President of the Royal Society, which he filled during two years with credit and ability. After he had relin- quished the otfice, he was in the habit of entertainii g some of the most distinguished members of that learned body, on Saturday evenings, in York Buildings, where tliey assembled for the discussion of literary subjects, and the encouragement of the liberal arts. To the dissolution of these meetings, occasioned by the increasing infirmities of their Founder, Evelyn adverts in his letters, in terms of the strongest regret : nor could a person of his enlightened mind fail to derive the most heartfelt grati- fication from witnessing so many of his contemporaries eagerly devoting the small remnant of their lives to the cultivation of science and the encouragement of useful knowledge.
Another portion of his fruitful recess the Author of the Diary set apart for the arrangement of his extensive collections, obtained, at an immense cost, for the general history of the Navalia of England, which he had pro- mised to the public ; but age and ill health intervening, he was deprived of the vigour and opportunities requisite for completing the work ; and it remains a desideratum to this day.
Of his munificence, as a patron of literature, the numerous books dedicated to Pepys furnish ample testi- mony ; and in the Preface to Willoughby's Historia Pis- cium, 1684, he is justly styled by Mr. Ray, " Ingenuarum Artium, et Eruditorum Fautor et Patrouus eximius," as having contributed no fewer than sixty plates to that work. He was also a considerable benefactor to St. Paul's School, and a subscriber to the New Court at Magdalene College.
Of his tender afifection to his parents, the Diary affords many instances; and his liberality, at a time when he was far from rich, in giving his sister, Mrs. Paulina Jackson, 6001. as a marriage portion, is worthy of mention. Nor
sxviii LIFE OP
did his kindness to the family terminate here, as he took charge of her two sons, who were left orphans when children, and wholly unprovided for, and educated them at his own expense. Samuel, the eldest, contracting extravagant habits early in life, and making a discredit- able marriage, forfeited all claim to further favour, nor ia it known what became of him, while his brother John lived to repa}^ the kindness shown to him. After com- pleting his studies at Magdalene College, he was sent, under the auspices of his uncle, to make a tour of Italy and Spain ; and on his return, being received once more under his benefactor's roof, ultimately inherited his pro- perty, as a reward for the attentions with which he had soothed his declining years.
It may be right to notice, that Pepys was examined at the trial of the seven Bishops, on which occasion he deposed that he had been present at the Council when the prelates were committed ; but his evidence, as to their delivering the petition to the King, was not conclusive. Between his attachment to the Protestant religion, and his fear of offending his Royal Master, he was doubtless very glad to make his escape from the witness-box, without being further questioned.
Our author's valuable life was now drawing gradually to a close. By the too continued exercises of his mind, without any consideration to his advanced age, he had destroyed his constitution, long before impaired by the stone. On this account, the physicians persuaded him, in 1700, to bid adieu to York Buildings, and retire, for the sake of change of air and repose, to the seat of his old friend and servant, William Hewer, at Clapham.^ Nor could a more eligible retreat have been selected, nor a kinder companion than that cherished individual, whose amiable qualities and disinterested gratitude to his patron, under circumstances of no common difficulty, entitle him
' There is a Report in one of Peere Williams's volumes of the Proceedings be/ore the Court of Chancery, respecting the Will of Mr. Hewer, of Clapham, who died very rich. The case is " Hewer v. Edgelej."
SAMUEL PEPYS. ^xii
to the highest commendation.^ Here, also, Pepys still persevered in the same studious occupations ; and with the greater intenseness, as he was less exposed to interrup- tion : the object of his removal was consequently frus- trated, and he consummated the ruin of his health, and expired, after a lingering illness, May 26, 1703.
Though he lived in an age when religious duties were too generally neglected, and even ridiculed, Pepys retained the habit, acquired in his earliest youth, of constantly attending the service of the Church of England, and was for many years a regular attendant at the Sacrament. Upon this subject, the Certificate which follows, copied from the original in the Bodleian Library, must not be omitted : —
May 22, 1681.
I, Daniel Milles, Doctor in Divinity, present (and for above twenty yeares last past) Kector of the parish of St. Olave's, Hart Street, London, doe hereby certify that Samuel Pepys, Esq., some time one of the principall Officers and Commissioners of his Majestie's Navy, and since Secretary of the Admiralty of England, became (vrith his family) an inhabitant of the said Parish, about the month of June, in the yeare of our Lord 1660, and so continued (vrithout intermission) for the space of thirteen yeares — viz., untill about the same month in the year 1673, when he was called thence to attend his Majesty in his said Secretary- ship : during all which time, the said Mr. Pepys and his whole family were constant attendants upon the public worship of God and his holy Ordinances, (under my ministration,) according to the Doctrine and Discipline of the Church of England, established by Law, without the least appearance or suggestion had of any inclination towards Popery, either in himself or any of his family ; his Lady receiving the Holy Sacrament (in company with him, the said Mr. Pepys, her husband, and others) from my hand, according to the rites of the Church of England, upon her death-bed, few houres before her decease, in the yeare 1669.
And I doe hereby further certify, that the said Mr. Pepys hath, from the determination of his said residence in this parish, continued to
' Far different was the conduct of Josiah Burchett and James Southerne, who, rising, through Pepys's interest, to high stations in the Admiralty, lived to forget their benefactor, and treat him with neglect and disrespect.
3*
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LIFE OF
receive the Holy Communion with the inhabitants thereof, to this day, so that I verily beleeve, hee never failed, within the whole space of one and twenty yeares last past (viz., from June 1G60,) to this instant 22d of May, (being Whitsunday in the same yeare 1681,) of communicating publickly in the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper with the inhabitants of the Parish, from my hand, at any of the solemn feasts of Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost, (besides his frequent monthly communicatings therein,) saving on Whitsunday, 1679, when, being a prisoner in the Tower, he appears to have received it in the publiek Chappell there ; and at Easter last, when, by a violent sickness, (which confined him to his bed,) he was, to my particular knowledge, rendered incapable of attending it. Witnesse my Hand, the day and the yeare above written,
D. MiLLEs, D.D., Reef of S' Olave, Hart Street, Lond
It is further gratifying to be able to trace in the Corre- spondence, that, as Pepys advanced in years, he turned his mind more earnestly to serious thoughts, and devoutly prepared for the change which awaited him. 'Nov could the example of the virtuous Evelyn, whose friendship he had cultivated from their first acquaintance, have been useless or unprofitable, in this particular. The tranquil- lity of mind and pious resignation which he evinced on his death-bed, with some interesting details of his last illness, are best described in the following letters.
Mr. Jackson^ to Mr. Evelyn.
Clapham, May 28th, 1703. Friday night. Honoured Sir,
'Tis no small addition to my grief, to be obliged to interrupt the quiet of your happy recess with the afiilcting tidings of my Uncb
' Communicated by the late Mr. William Upcott. It appears, from the Evelyn Papers, in the British Museum (bought at Mr. Upcott's sale), that, in September, 1705, Mr. John Jackson made a proposal of marriage to one of Evelyn's grand- daughters, through their common friend, William Hewer. The alliance was declined solely on account of Jackson's being unable to make an adequate settlement on tho young lady ; whilst Evelyn (the draught of whose answer ia preserved) courteously acknowledged the respect entertained by him for Pepys's memory, and his sense of his nephew's extraordinary accomplishments. Mr. Jackson married Anne, daughter of the Rev. James Edgehy, Vicar of Wands-
SAMUEL PEPYS. yy^,
Hopys's death : knowing how sensibly you will partake with me herein. But I should not be faithful to his desires, if I did not beg your doing the honour to his memory of accepting mourning from him, as a small instance of his most affectionate respect and honour to you. I have thought myself extremely unfortunate to be out of the way at that only time when you were pleased lately to touch here, and express so great a desire of taking your leave of my Uncle ; which could not but have been admitted by him as a most welcome exception to his general orders against being interrupted ; and I could most heartily wish that the cir- cumstances of your health and distance did not forbid me to ask the favour of your assisting in the holding up of the pawll at his interment, which is intended to be on Thursday next ; for if the manes are affected with what passes below, I am sure this would have been very grateful to his.
I must not omit acquainting you, sir, that upon opening his body, (which the uncommonness of his case required of us, for our own satisfaction as well as public good,) there was found in his left kidney a nest of no less than seven stones, of the most irregular figures your imagination can frame, and weighing together four ounces and a half, but all fast linked together, and adhering to his back ; whereby they solve his having felt no greater pains upon motion, nor other of the ordinary symptoms of the stone. Some other lesser defects there also were in his body, proceeding from the same cause. But his stamina, in general, were marvellously strong, and not only supported him, under the most exquisite pains, weeks beyond all expectations; but, in the conclusion, contended for near forty hours (unassisted by any nourish- ment) with the very agonies of death, some few minutes excepted, before his expiring, which were very calm.
There only remains for me, under this affliction, to beg the consolation and honour of succeeding to your patronage, for my Uncle's sake ; and leave to number myself, with the same sincerity he ever did, among your greatest honourers, which I shall esteem as one of the most valuable parts of my inheritance from him ; being also, with the faithfullest wishes of health and a happy long Ufa to you,
Honoured Sir,
Your most obedient and
Most humble Servant,
J. Jackson.
worth, and Prebendary of St. Paul's, by Anne, daughter of Blackbnrna
William Hewer's uncle, often mentioned in the Diary. Mr. Jackson left two bods (at whose death, s. p., the male line became extinct) and five daughters, the youngest of whom married John Cockerell, of Bishop's Hall, Somerset. For an account of their descendants, see the Pedigree of Pepys.
xxxii LIFE OP
Mr. Hewer, as my Uncle's Executor, and equally your faithful Servant, joins with me in every part hereof.
The time of my Uncle's departure was about three-quarters past three on Wednesday morning last.
Extract of a letter from Br. JSickes^ to Br. Oharlett.^
June 5, 1703.
Last night, at 9 o'clock, I did the last office for your and my good friend, M' Pepys, at S' Olave's Church, where he was laid in a vault of his own makeing, by his wife and brother.'
The greatness of his behaviour, in his long and sharp tryall before his death, was in every respect answerable to his great life ; and I believe no man ever went out of this world with greatar contempt of it, or a more lively faith in every thing that was revealed of the world to come. I administered the Holy Sacrament twice in his illness to him, and had administered it a third time, but for a sudden fit of illness that happened at the appointed time of administering of it. Twice I gave him the absolution of the Church, which he desired, and received with all reverence and comfort ; and I never attended any sick or dying person that dyed with so much Christian greatnesse of mind, or a more lively sense of immortality, or so much fortitude and patience, in so long and sharp a tryall, or greater resignation to the will, which he most devoutly acknowledged to be the wisdom of God ; and I doubt not but he is now a very blessed spirit^ according to his motto, mens cujosqoe is est quisque.
George Hickes.
' George Hickes, D.D., deprived of the Deanery of Worcester, February, 1689-90, ■which he had held six years, for refusing to take the oaths to King William. He was a person of universal learning, and author of several works upon the old Northern languages, in which he was deeply read. Ob. 1715, aet suae 74.
* From the original in the Bodleian Library.
'June 4, 1703. — Samuel Peyps, Esq", buried in a vault by y" CoInunioT Table." — Register of St. Olave's, Hart Street. This is decisive as to the proper pronunciation of the name.
JOHN JACKSON. Esq.
I
of NEPHEW OF SAMUEL PEPYS.
B
m
Reproduced from the steel engraving by R. Cooper published in 1 825, after the original painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller formerly in the '' possession of Sir S. P. Cockerell, Esq.
.p^3 .H08>IDAl HHOl .8YS3S J3UMAe lO W3HS3M
ni barleilduq isqooD .H ^6 gni VBtgna Issis aril moi) bsouboiqsH sHj ni Yliamiol isllan^ Ys-i^boO (18 ^{c[ gnijnifiq Ifinigho sHj islk ,^^8 f
p23 JlaisjlooO .S .8 li8 \o noi88388oq
SAMUEL PEPYS. XXxUl
Samuel Pepys, by his will dated May, 1703, left his estate at Brampton, and the residue of his property, charged with a few legacies, to his nephew, John Jack- son ; to whom he also gave the use of his valuable Library and Collection of Prints, for his life, and directed that they should afterwards be removed to Magdalene College, Cambridge,^ and placed for ever, subject to cer- tain restrictions and regulations,^ in the sole custody of the Master for the time being. He seemed conscious that his heirs would not feel satisfied with his testamen- tary dispositions, and accordingly inserted the following clause in his will : —
" I earnestly recommend it to my said Nephews to join with me in not repining at any disappointment they may, by the late public Providence of God, meet with in what they might otherwise have reasonably hoped for from me at my death ; but receive with thankfulness, from God's hands, whatsoever it will prove, remembering it to be more than what either myself, or they, are born to, and therefore endeavouring, on their part, by all humble and honest endeavours, to improve the same."
He died, in fact, in very reduced circumstances: noi could it be otherwise, since he never received any pension or remuneration for his long official labours, subsequently to his retirement at the Revolution ; while the habits of generosity and hospitality, in which he had indulged, when his means were more ample, terminated only with his life : and these expenses, added to the charges entailed upon him for the education of his Nephews, and the ex tensive additions which he was constantly making to his
' It seems odd that there should be no record of the exact time at which the books were transferred by the executors of Mr. Jackson to Magdalene College, nor has any account of his death been found, except the following entry in Hum- phrey Wanley's Diary, Harl. MS., 771, 772 : —
" 22d Mar. 1772-3. Nathaniel Noel (the eminent bookseller) came, who says ' old Mr. Jackson, of Clapham, is dead, and Mr. Pepys's Library will be disposed of.'"
' Printed in Hartshorne's Book Rarities of Camhridge, p. 222.
C
XXxiv tlFB OF
library, would have absorbed a larger income than be bad ever possessed. There was indeed a balance of 28,007Z. 2«. 4:ld. due to him from the Crown, on a long unsettled account, which had grown up during his employments as Treasurer for Tangier, Clerk of the Acts, and Secre- tary to the Admiralty ; and which he bequeathed specifi- cally to be laid out in the purchase of lauds for the use of his Nephew and his heirs. The original Vouchers relating to this transaction, as verified on oath by the claimant himself, before Chief Baron Warde, are still in the possession of the Cockerell family ; but the times which immediately preceded and followed his decease were unfavourable to the liquidation of the debt, however due as an act of justice, as well as a tribute to the memory of so good and faithful a servant of the public. It is farther to be remarked, that though Pepys's funeral was conducted in a manner suitable to the station which he had adorned,' no stone, however humble, marks the spot within St. Olave's Church in which his remains were deposited ; the vault is, however, probably contiguous to the monument erected by him to his wife, still to be seen in the chancel.^
In conclusion, I feel tempted to insert the character of Pepys, given in the Supplement to CoUier's Dictionary, though drawn perhaps by a too partial hand, and from
• "London, June 5. Yesterday, in tbe evening, were performed the obsequies of Samuel Pepys, Esq., in Crutched-Friars' Church ; whither bis corpse was brought in a very honourable and solemn manner from Clapham, where he de- parted this life the 26th day of the last month." — Post Boy, No. 1257, June 5, 1703.
' I am informed by the Rev. Thomas Boyles Murray, rector of St. Dnnstan's- in-the-East, that in the summer of 1836, when the church of St. Clave, Hart Street, was under repair, a vault was found on the north side of the Communion table, containing a skull and some bones, which, being uppermost, were probnbly the remains of Samuel Pepys, he having been the last of the family there in- terred. It is singular, that in the same spot a stone of the size of a walnut waf> discovered among the bones.
In October, 1845, Mr. Murray printed in the Gentleman's Magazine some par- ticulars respecting Pepys, in connexion with the parish of St. Olave's, Hart Street, which will be found corroborative of many statements in the Diary,
SAMUEL PEPYS.
XXXV
wliicli article I have already drawn largely, in compiling this Memoir.
"It may be affirmed of this Gentleman," (says his con- temporaneous biographer,) " that he was, without excep- tion, the greatest and most useful Minister that ever filled the same situations in England ; the Acts and Registers of the Admiralty proving this fact bej'ond contradiction The principal rules and establishments in present use in those offices are well known to have been of his intro- ducing, and most of the officers seiT^ing therein, since the Restoration, of his bringing up. He was a most studious promoter and strenuous assertor of order and discipline through all their dependencies. Sobriety, diligence, capacity, loyalty, and subjection to command, were essentials required in all whom he advanced. Where any of these were found wanting, no interest or authority was capable of moving him in favour of the highest preten- der ; the Royal command only excepted, of which he was also very watchful, to prevent any undue procurements. Discharging his duty to his Prince and Country with a religious application and perfect integrity, he feared no one, courted no one, and neglected his own fortune. Besides this, he was a person of universal worth, and in great estimation among the Literati, for his unbounded reading, his sound judgment, his great elocution, his mastery in method, his singular curiosity, and his un- common munificence towards the advancement of learn- ing, arts, and industry, in all degrees : to which were joined the severest morality of a philosopher, and all the polite accomplishments of a gentleman, particularly those of music, languages, conversation, and address. He assisted, as one of the Barons of the Cinque Ports, at the Coronation of James H., and was a standing Govern :r of all the principal houses of charity in and about Lon- don, and sat at the head of many other honourable bodies, in divers of which, as he deemed their constitu- tion and methods deserving, he left lasting monuments of his bounty and patronage."
XXX VI
LIFE OF SAMUEL PEPTS.
xVuuexed is an engraving of a large Bowl and Cover of silver gilt, and the outside enriched with frost work, weighing 166 oz., presented by Pepys to the Clothworkers' Company, of which he was Master in 1677, and still constantly used at their Festivals. He also gave them a gilt Ewer and Bason of the weight of 196 oz.
DIARY
OP
SAMUEL PEPYS.
1659-60.
Blessed be God, at the end of the last year, I was in very good health, without any sense of my old pain, but upon taking of cold.^ I lived in Axe Yard,^ haA^ng my wife, and servant Jane, and no other in family than us three. [_The condition of the State was thus : viz., the Rump, after being disturbed by my Lord^ Lambert,* was lately re- turned to sit again. ] The officers of the Army all forced to yield. Lawson^ lies still in the river, and Monk^ is with his army in Scotland. Only my Lord Lambert is not yet
• On March 26, 1658, Pepys had been successfully cut for the stone ; a malady which seems to have affected several other members of his family.
" Pepys's house was on the south side of King Street, Westminster; it is sin- gular that when he removed to a residence in the city, he should have settled close to another Axe Yard. Fludyer Street stands on the site of Axe Yard, which derived its name from a great messuage or brow-house on the west side of King Street, called " The Axe," and referred to in a document of the 23rd of Henry VIII.
' He is styled "Lord" not by right, nor even by courtesy; the title was often given to the republican oflBcers and their dependants.
* SuflBciently known by his services as a Major-General in the Parliament forces during the Civil War, and condemned as a traitor after the Restoration ; but reprieved and banished to Guernsey, where he lived in confinement thirty years.
' Sir John Lawson, the son of a poor man at Hull, rose to the rank of Admiral, and distinguished himself during the Protectorate; and, though a republican in heart, readily closed with the design of restoring the King. He was mortally wounded in the sea-fight in 1666. He must not be confounded with another John Lawson, the Royalist, of Brough Hall, in Yorkshire, who was created a Baronet by Charles II., July 6, 1665.
' George Monk, afterwards Duke of Albemarle.
Vol. L— 4
2 DIARY OF [1st. Jaa
come into the Parliament, nor is it expected that he will, without being forced to it. The new Common Council of the City do speak very high ; and had sent to Monk, their sword-bearer, to acquaint him w.'th their desires for a free and full Parliament, which is at present the desires and the hopes, and the expectations of all : twenty-two of the old secluded members having been at the House-door the last week to demand entrance, but it was denied them ; and it is believed that neither they nor the people will be satisfied till the House be filled. My own private condition very hand- some, and esteemed rich, but indeed very poor ; besides my goods of my house, and my office, which at present is somewhat certain. Mr. Downing master of my office.'
Jan. 1st. (Lord's day.) This morning, (we living lately in the garret) I rose, put on my suit with great skirts, having not lately worn any other clothes but them. Went to Mr. Gunning's^ chapel at Exeter House,^ where he made a very
' Wood has misled us in stating that Sir George Downing, here mentioned, was a son of Dr. Calibut Downing, the rector of Hackney. He was beyond doubt the son of Emmanuel Downing, a London merchant, who went to New England. It IS not improbable that Emmanuel was a near kinsman of Calibut; how related has not yet been discovered. Governor Hutchinson, in his History of Massachu- setts, gives the true account of Downing's affiliation, which has been further confirmed by Mr. Savage, of Boston, from the public records of New England. Wood calls Downing a sider with all times and changes ; skilled in the common cant, and a preacher occasionally. He was sent by Cromwell to Holland, as resi- dent there. About the Restoration, he espoused the King's cause, and was knighted and elected M.P. for Morpeth, in 1661. Afterwards, becoming Secretary to the Treasury and Commissioner of the Customs, he was in 1663 created a Baronet of East Hatley, in Cambridgeshire, and was again sent Ambassador to Holland. His grandson of the same name, who died in 1749, was the founder of Downing College, Cambridge. The title became extinct in 1764, upon the decease of Sir John Gerrard Downing, the last heir male of the family. The office appears to have been in the Exchequer, and connected with the pay of the army. Sir George Downing's character will be found in Lord Clarendon's Life, vol. iii. p. 4. Pepys's opinion seems to be somewhat of a mixed kind. Ludlow, in his Memoirs, bitterly inveighs against Downing, who had been Okey's chaplain, and had received many obligations at his hands.
' Peter Gunning, afterwards master of St. John's College, Cambridge, and successively Bishop of Chichester and Ely: ob. 1684. He had continued to read the Liturgy at the chapel at Exeter House, wuen the Parliament was most pre- dominant, for which Cromwell often rebuked him. Wood's AthencB. See Evelyn's Diary for many notices of him.
' Exeter House, here mentioned, on the north side of the Strand, was that built by Lord Burleigh, whose sen was the first Earl of Exeter, from whom it was named : nearly on the same ^te stood Exeter Change, which has given place to •he present Exeter Hall.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX.
From a copper engraving by J. Hulett after a miniature formerly in the possession of Brian Fairfax, Esq.
.XA^HIA^ 8AMOHT >II8
yhsrmol siuJBmim b isik iisluH .[ ^cf §n[yj5i§n3 isqqoo b moil
1659-60.] SAMUELPEPTS. 3
good sermon upon these words: — "That in the fulness of time God sent his Son, made of a woman," &c. ; showing, that hy "made under the law" is meant the circumcision, which is solemnized this day. Dined at home in the garret, where my wife dressed the remains of a turkey, and in the doing of it she burned her hand. I staid at home the whole afternoon, looking over my accounts ; then went with my wife to my father's, and in going observed the great posts which the City workmen set up at the Conduit in Fleet Street.
2nd. Walked a great while in Westminster Hall, where I heard that Lambert was coming up to London ; that my Lord Fairfax^ was in the head of the Irish brigade, but it was not certain what he would declare for. The House was to-day upon finishing the act for the Council of State, which they did ; and for the indemnity to the soldiers ; and were to sit again thereupon in the afternoon. Great talk that many places had declared for a free Parliament ; and it is believed that they will be forced to fill up the House with the old members. From the Hall I called at home, and so went to
• Thomas Lord Fairfax, Generalissimo of the Parliament forces. After the Restoration, he retired to his country-seat, where he lived in private till his death, in 1671. lu a volume (autograph) of Lord Fairfax's Poems, preserved in the British Museum, 11744, f. 42, the following lines occur upon the 30th of January, on which day the King was beheaded. It is believed that they have never been printed.
" 0 let that day from time be bloted quitt,
And beleef oft in next age be waved. In depest silence that act concealed might,
That so the creadet of our nation might be saved; But if the powre devine hath ordered this, His will's the law, and our must aquiess."
These wretched verses have obviously no merit ; but they are curious as showing that Fairfax, who had refused to act as one of Charles I.'s judges, continued long afterwards to entertain a proper horror for that unfortunate monarch's fate. It has recently been pointed out to me, that the lines were not originally eomposet. by Fairfax, being only a poor translation of the spirited lines of Statius Sylvarum, lib. v., cap. ii., 1. 88 : —
" Excidat ilia dies aevo, ne postera credant Secula, nos cert§ taceamus ; et obruta multS. Nocte tegi propriae patiamur crimina gentis."
These verses were first applied by the President de Thou to the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572 ; and in our day, by Mr. Pitt, in his memorable speech in the House of Commons. January 179.3, after the murder of Louis XVL
4 DIARY OF [5th Jan
Mr. Crewe's ; ^ (my wife she was to go to her father's) and Mr. Moore and I and another gentleman went out and drank a cup of ale together in the new market, and there I eat some bread and cheese for my dinner.
3d. To White Hall, where I understood that the Parlia- ment had passed the act of indemnity for the soldiers and officers that would come in, in so many days, and that my Lord Lambert should have benefit of the said act. They had also voted that all vacancies in the House, by the death of any of the old members, should be filled up ; but those that are living shall not be called in.
^;^ 4th. Strange the difference of men's talk. Some say that Lambert must of necessity yield up ; others, that he is very strong, and that the Fifth-monarchy men will stick to him, if he declares for a free Parliament. I Chillington was sent yesterday to him with the note of pardon and indemnity from the Parliament. Went and walked in the Hall, where I heard that the Parliament spent this day in fasting and prayer ; and in the afternoon came letters from the North, that brought certain news that my Lord Lambert his forces were all forsaking him, and that he was left with only fifty horse, and that he did now declare for the Parlia- ment himself; and that my Lord Fairfax did also rest satis- fied, and had laid down his arms, and that what he had done was only to secure the country against my Lord Lambert his raising of money, and free quarter. I met with the clerk and quarter-master of my Lord's^ troop, and Mr. Jenkins showed me two bills of exchange for money to receive upon my Lord's and my pay.
5th. I dined with Mr. Shepley,^ at my Lord's lodgings, upon his turkey-pie. And so to my office again ; where the Excise money was brought, and some of it told to soldiers till it was dark. Then I went home, after writing to my
' John Crewe, created Baron Crewe of Stene, in the county of Northampton, a( the coronation of Charles II. He married Jemima, daughter and co-heir tc Edward Walgrave, Esq., of Lawford, Essex.
' Admiral Sir Edward Montagu, afterwards Earl of Sandwich, uniformly styleff "my Lord" throughout the Diary, his title, before his elevation to the peerage, oeing of the same nature as that of Lord Lambert, already explained.
' He seems to have been the steward at Hinchingbrooke.
1659-60.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 5
Lord the news that -the Parliament had this night voted that the members that were discharged from sitting in the years 1648 and 49 were duly discharged ; and that there should be writs issued presently for the calling of others in their places, and that Monk and Fairfax were commanded up to town, and that the President Bradshaw's ^ lodgings were to be provided for Monk at Whitehall. Then my wife and I, it being a great frost, went to Mrs. Jem's,^ in expectation to eat a sack-posset, but Mr. Edward not coming, it was put off; and I left my wife playing at cards with her, and went myself to Mr. Fage, to consult concerning my nose, who told me it was nothing but cold. Mr. Fage and I did discourse concerning public business ; and he told me it is true the City had not time enough to do much, but they are resolved to shake off the soldiers ; and that, unless there be a free Parliament chosen, he did believe there are half the Common Council will not levy any money by order of this Parliament.
6th. This morning Mr, Shepley and I did eat our break- fast at Mrs. Harper's, (my brother John^ being with me,) upon a cold turkey-pie and a goose. At my office, where we paid money to the soldiers till one o'clock ; and I took my wife to my cosen, Thomas Pepys, and found them just sat down to dinner, which was very good ; only the venison pasty was palpable mutton, which was not handsome.
7th. At my office receiving money of the probate of wills.
8th. (Lord's day.) In the morning went to Mr. Gunning's, where a good sermon, wherein he showed the life of Christ, and told as good authority for us to believe that Christ did follow his father's trade, and was a carpenter till thirty years of age.
9th. I rose early this morning, and looked over and
John Bradshaw, Sergeant-at-Law, President of the High Court of Justice : the lodgings were at Whitehall.
^ This lady, mentioned frequently in the Diary, was Jemima, eldest daughter of Sir Edward Montagu. She had been ill; and during her father's absence abroad, seems to have been left under the superintendence of Pepys, in a London lodging. Mr. Edward was her eldest brother. He is afterwards called Lord Hinchinbroke.
° John Pepys, afterwards in holy orders, died unmarried in 1677, at which time he held some office at the Trinity House. — Pepys's JIS. Letters. Samuel PepyS; in his book of Signs 3lanual, describes him as "my brother and successor in my office, as Clerk of the Acts of the Navy, under King Charles IL '
4 *
g DIAKT OF [9th Jan
corrected my brother John's speech, which he is to make the next opposition.' I met with W. Simons, Muddiman, and Jack Price, and went with them to Harper's, and staid till two of the clock in the afternoon. I found Muddiman a good scholar, an arch rogue ; and owns that though he writes new books for the Parliament, yet he did declare that he did it only to get money ; and did talk very basely of many of them.\ Among other things, W. Simons told me how his uncle ScobelP was on Saturday last called to the bar, for entering in the journal of the House, for the year 1653, these words : " This day his Excellence the Lord General Cromwell dissolved this House ;" which words the Parliament voted a forgery, and demanded of him how they came to be entered. He said that they were his own handwriting, and that he did it by rights of his office, and the practice of his predecessor ; ^ and that the intent of the practice was to let posterity know how such and such a Parliament was dissolved, whether by the command of the King, or by their own neglect, as the last House of Lords was ; and that to this end, he had said and writ that it was dissolved by his Excel- lency the Lord G. ; and that for the word dissolved, he never at the time did hear of any other term ; and desired pardon if he would not dare to make a word himself what it was six years after, before they came themselves to call it an inter- ruption ; that they were so little satisfied with this answer, that they did chuse a committee to report to the House, whether this crime of Mr. Scobell's did come within the act of indemnity or no. Thence into the Hall, where I heard for certain that Monk was coming to London, and that Brad- shaw's* lodgings were preparing for him. I heard Sir H. Vane^ was this day voted out of the House, and to sit no
' Declamations at St. Paul's school, in which there were opponents and re- spondents. It is now called apposition.
' Henry Scobell, clerk to the House of Commons.
' Henry Elsinge. ' John Bradshaw : see Jan. 6th, ante.
» Son of a statesman of both his names, and one of the most turbulent enthu- siasts produced by the Rebellion, and an inflexible republican. His execution, iu 1662, for conspiring the death of Charles I., was much called in question as a measure of great severity. He is the direct ancestor of the present Duke of Cloreland. See Diary, June 14, 1662.
1659-60.] SAMUELPEPYS. 7
more there; and that he would retire himself to his hcuse at Raby/ as also all the rest of the nine officers, that had their commissions formerly taken away from them, were com- manded to their furthest houses from London during the pleasure of the Parliament.
10th. To the Coffee-house [Miles's], where were a groat confluence of gentlemen : viz., Mr. Harrington,^ Poultny,^ chairman, Gold,* Dr. Petty,^ &c., where admirable discourse till 9 at night. Thence with Doling to Mother Lam's, who told me how this day Scott ^ was made Intelligencer, and that the rest of the members that were objected against last night, were to be heard this day se'nnight.
13th. Coming in the morning to my office, I met with Mr. Fage, and took him to the Swan.'' He told me how he, Haselrigge,^ and Morley,^ the last night began at my Lord Mayor's '*' to exclaim against the City of London, saying that
' Raby Castle, in Durham, still the chief seat of the Duke of Cleveland.
' James Harrington, the political writer, author of " Oceana," and founder of a club called The Rota, in 1659, which met at Miles's coffee-house in Old Palace Yard, and lasted only a few months. In 1661 he was sent to the Tower, on suspi- cion of treasonable designs. His intellects appear to have failed afterwards, and he died in 1667. See Cunningham's Handbook of London, p. 336, edit. 1850 : "Henry Nevill and Harrington had every night a meeting at the (then) Turke's Head, in the New Palace Yard, where they take water, the next house to the Staires, at one Miles's, where was made purposely a large oval table, with a passage in the middle, for Miles to deliver his coffee. About it sat his disciples and the virtuosi." — Aubrey's Bodleian Letters, vol. iii. p. 371.
° Sir William Poultny, subsequently M.P. for Westminster, and a Commissioner of the Privy Seal under King William. Ob. 1671. Grandfather to William Earl of Bath.
* The merchant: see 20 January, 1669, and the note there, in which he is iden- tified.
' Sir William Petty, an eminent physician, and celebrated for his proficiency in every branch of science. Ob. 1687. He is the direct ancestor of the Marquis of Lansdowne.
^ Thomas Scott, M.P., made Secretary of State to the Commonwealth January 17th following.
' In Fenchurch Street.
' Sir Arthur Haselrigge, Bart., of Nosely, co. Leicester, and M.P. for that county ; colonel of a regiment in the Parliament army, and much esteemed by Cromwell. In March following, he was committed to the Tower, where he died, •''^"Duary, 1660-61. He was brother-in-law to Lord Brooke, who was killed at Lichfield.
' Probably, Colonel Morley, Lieutenant of the Tower, whom Evelyn blames so strongly for not doing what Monk did. See also Quarterly Revieto, vol. xix. p. 32.
'• Sir Thomas Allen, created a bartnet at the Restoration. He was ruined by bw expenses as I/ord Mayor.
g DIARY OF [17th Jan
they had forfeited their charter. And how the Chamberlain of the City did take them down, letting them know how much they were formerly beholden to the City, &c. He also told me that Monk's letter that came by the sword-bearer was a cunning piece, and that which they did not much trust to ; but they were resolved to make no more applications to the Parliament, nor to pay any money, unless the secluded members be brought in, or a free Parliament chosen. To Mrs. Jem, and found her up and merry, as it did not prove the small-pox, but the swine-pox ; so I played a game or two at cards with her.
16th. In the morning I went up to Mr. Crewe's, who did talk to me concerning things of State ; and expressed his mind how just it was that the secluded members should come to sit again. From thence to my office, where nothing to do ; but Mr. Downing came and found me all alone ; and did mention to me his going back into Holland, and did ask me whether I would go or no, but gave me little encouragement, but bid me consider of it; and asked me whether I did not think that Mr. Hawley could perform the work of my office alone. I confess I was at a great loss all the day after to bethink myself how to carry this business. I staid up till the bell-man came by with his bell just under my window as I was writing of this very line, and cried, " Past one of the clock, and a cold, frosty, windy morning."^
17th. In our way to Kensington we understood how that my Lord Chesterfield^ had killed another gentleman about
' This reminds us of Milton —
" Or the bellman's drowsy charm, To bless the door from nightly harm."
n Penteroso.
' Philip Stanhope, second Earl of Chesterfield, ob. 1713, set. suae 80, We learn, from the memoir prefixed to his Printed Correspondence, that he fought three duels, disarming and wounding his first and second antagonist, and killing the third. The name of the unfortunate gentleman who fell on this occasion was Woolly. Lord Chesterfield, absconding, went to Breda, where he obtained the royal pardon from Charles II. He acted a busy part in the eventful times in which he lived, and was remarkable for his steady adherence to the Stuarts. Lord Chesterfield's letter to Charles II., and the King's answer granting the royal pardon, occur in the Correspondence published by General Sir John Murray, in 1829.
1659-60.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 9
half an hour before, and was fled.^ I went to the Coffee Club [Miles's], and heard very good discourse ; it was in answer to Mr. Harrington's answer, who said that the state of the Roman government was not a settled government, and so it was no wonder that the balance of prosperity was in one hand, and the command in another, it being therefore always in a posture of war ; but it was carried by ballot that it was a steady government, though it is true by the voices it had been carried before that it was an unsteady government ; so to-morrow it is to be proved by the opponents that the balance lay in one hand, and the government in another. Thence I went to "Westminster, and met Shaw and Washing- ton,^ who told me how this day Sydenham^ was voted out of the House for sitting any more this Parliament, and that Sal- loway* was voted out likewise and sent to the Tower, during the pleasure of the House. At Harper's, Jack Price told me, among other things, how much the Protector is altered, though he would seem to bear out his trouble very well, yet he is scarce able to talk sense with a man ; and how he will say that, " Who should a man trust, if he may not trust to a brother and an uncle ;"^ and, "how much those men have to
•"Jan. 17th, 1659. The Earl of Chesterfield and Dr. Woolly's son of Hammersmith, had a quarrel about a mare of eighteen pounds price ; the quarrel would not be reconciled, insomuch that a challenge passed between them. They fought a duel on the backside of Mr. Colby's house at Kensington, where the Earl and he had several passes. The Earl wounded him in two places, and would fain have then ended, but the stubbornness and pride of heart of Mr. Woolly would not give over, and the next pass [he] was killed on the spot. The Earl fled to Chelsea, and there took water and escaped. The jury found it chance-medley." — Rugge's Diurnal, Addit. MSS. British Museum.
» The Purser: see 1st July, 1660.
' Colonel William Sydenham had been an active officer during the Civil Wars, on the Parliament side; M.P. for Dorsetshire, Governor of Melcombe, and one of the Committee of Safety. He was the elder brother of the celebrated physician ;f that name.
* In the Journals of that date. Major Richard Salwey. Colonel Salwey is men- tioned as a prisoner in the Tower, 1663-4, in Bayley's history of that fortresi.
* Charles Fleetwood, Lord Deputy of Ireland during the Usurpation, became Cromwell's son-in-law by his marriage with Ireton's widow, and a member of the Council of State. He seemed disposed to have espoused Charles the Second's interests, but nad not resolution enough to execute his design. At the Resto- ration, he was excepted out of the Act of Indemnity, and spent the remainder of his life in obscurity, dying soon after the Revolution. John Desborough was Cromwell's brother-in-law, and one of his Major- Generals. Both Fleetwood and Desborough played a double game.
[0 DIARY OF [20th Jan.
answer before God Almighty, for their playing the knave with him as they did." He told me also, that there was 100,000Z. offered, and would have been taken, for his restitution, had not the Parliament come in as they did again ; and that he do believe that the Protector will live to give a testimony of his valour and revenge yet before he dies, and that the Pro- tector will say so himself sometimes.
18th. I interpreted my lord's letter by his character.^ All the world is at a loss to think what Monk will do : the City saying that he will be for them, and the Parliament saying he will be for them.
19th. This morning I was sent for to Mr. Downing, and at his bed-side he told me, that he had a kindness for me, and that he thought that he had done me one ; and that was, that he had got me to be one of the Clerks of the Council ; at which I was a little stumbled, and could not tell what to do, whether to thank him or no ; but by and by I did ; but not very heartily, for I feared that his doing of it was only to ease himself of the salary^ which he gives me. I read the answer of the Dutch Ambassador^ to our State, in answer to the reasons of my Lord's coming home, which he gave for his coming, and did labour to contradict my Lord's arguments for his coming home. Mr. Moore and I went to the French Ordinary, where Mr. Downing this day feasted Sir Arthur Haselrigge, and a great many more of the Par- liament, and did stay to put him in mind of me. Here he gave me a note to go and invite some other members to dinner to-morrow. So I went to White Hall, and did stay at Marsh's with Simons, Luellin, and all the rest of the Clerks of the Council, who I hear are all turned out, only the two Leighs, and they do all tell me that my name was men- tioned last night, but that nothing was done in it.
20th. In the morning I met Lord Widdrington* in the street, going to seal the patents for the judges to-day, and
• i. e., in cipher. " Of 50^. See Jan. 30th, 1659-60. ' Nieuport.
* Sir Thomas Widdrington, Sergeant-at-Law, one of Cromwell's Commis- eioners of the Treasury, appointed Speaker 1656, and first Commissioner for the Great Seal, January, 1659 , ive was M.P. for York. See Lord Campbell's Live* o/ the Ghancellora.
1659-60,] SAMUEL PEPYS. 1^
SO could not come to dinner. This day, three citizens of London^ went to meet Monk from the Common Council. Keceived my 251. due by bill for my trooper's pay. At the Mitre,^ in Fleet Street, in our way calling on Mr. Fage, who told me how the City have some hopes of Monk. This day LenthalP took his chair again, and the House resolved a declaration to be brought in on Monday, to satisfy the world what they intend to do. At Westminster Hall, where Mrs. Lane* and the rest of the maids had their white scarfs, all having been at the burial of a young bookseller in the Hall.^
22nd. (Lord's day.) To church in the afternoon to Mr. Herring,^ where a lazy, poor sermon. This day I began to put on buckles to my shoes.
23rd. This day the Parliament sat late, and resolved of the declaration to be printed for the people's satisfaction, promising them a great many good things. In the garden at White Hall, going through to the Stone Gallery, I fell in a ditch, it being very dark.
24th. I took my wife to Mr. Pierce's,^ she in her way
' "Jan. 20th. Then there went out of the City, by desire of the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, Alderman Fowke and Alderman Vincett, alias Vincent, and Mr. Bloomfield, to compliment General Monk, who lay at Harborough Town, in Leicestershire."
"Jan 21st. Because the Speaker was sick, and Lord General Monk so near London, and everybody thought that the City would suffer for their affronts to the soldiery, and because they had sent the sword-bearer to the General without the Parliament's consent, and the three Aldermen were gone to give him the welcome to town, these four lines were in almost everybody's mouth : —
Monk under a hood, not well understood,
The City pull in their horns ; The Speaker is out, and sick of the gout,
And the Parliament sit upon thorns."
Rugge's Diurnal.
' This coffee-house, so well known by the readers of Boswell's Life of Johnson, till exists.
' William Lenthall, Speaker of the Long or Rump Parliament, and mad« Keeper of the Great Seal to the Commonwealth : ob. 1662.
* See Jan. 10th, 1660-61.
* Several old views of the Hall represent the book-stalls.
* John Herring, a Presbyterian minister, who was afterwards ejected from St. Bride's, in Fleet Street. See August 17th, 1662.
' James Pierce, Surgeon to the Duke of York : he was husband of the pretty Mrs. Pierce, and not Pierce the Purser. See 27th August, 1660.
12 DIARY OP [24th Jan.
being exceedingly troubled with a pair of new pattens, and I vexed to go so slow, it being late. "VVe found Mrs. Carrick very fine, and one Mr. Lucy, who called one another hus- band and wife, and after dinner a great deal of mad stir. There was pulling off Mrs. bride's and Mr. bridegroom's ribbons,^ and a great deal of fooling among them that I and my wife did not like. Mr. Lucy and several other gentle- men coming in after dinner, swearing and singing as if they were mad, only he singing very handsomely. |__There came in also Mr. [James] Southerne, clerk to Mr. Blackburne,^ and with him Lambert,^ lieutenant of my Lord's ship, and brought with them the declaration that came out to-day from the Parliament, wherein they declare for law and gospel, and for tythes ; but I do not find people apt to believe them^ This day the Parliament gave orders that the late Committee of Safety should come before them this day se'nnight, and all their papers, and their model of Government that they had
' The scramble for ribbons, here mentioned by Pepys in connexion with weddings (see also 26tb Jan., 1660-61, and 8th Feb., 1662-3) doubtless formed part of the ceremony of undressing the bridegroom, which, as the age became more refined, fell into disuse. All the old plays are silent on the custom ; the earliest notice of which occurs in the old ballad of the wedding of Arthur O'Brad- ley, printed in the Appendix to Robin Hood, 1795, where we read — " Then got they his points and his garters,
And cut them in pieces like martyrs ;
And then they all did play
For the honour of Arthur O'Bradley." Sir Winston Churchill also observes (Di'vi Britannici, p. .340) that James I. was no more troubled at his querulous countrymen robbing him than a bridegroom at the losing of his points and garters. Lady Fanshawe, in her Ifemoirs, says, that at the nuptials of Charles II. and the Infanta, "the Bishop of London declared them married in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and then they caused the ribbons her Majesty wore to be cut in little pieces; and as far as they would go, every one had some." The practice still survives in the form of wedding favours.
A similar custom is still of every day's occurrence at Dieppe. Upon the mor- row after their marriage, the bride and bridegroom perambulate the streets, followed by a numerous cortege, the guests at the wedding festival, two and two ; each individual wearing two bits of narrow ribbon, about two inches in length, of different colours, which are pinned cross-ways upon the breast. These morsels of ribbons originally formed the garters of the bride and bridegroom, which had been divided amidst boisterous mirth among the assembled company, the moment the happy pair had been formally installed in the bridal bed. — Ex. Inf. Mr. William Hughes, Belvidere, Jersey.
' Robert Blackbourne, then ScDretary to the Admiralty, with a salary of 2501. 'See 4th Oct., 1660; 6th Juup. 1661 ; and 14th Sept., 1665.
1659-60.J SAMUEL PEPYS. 13
made, to be brought in with them. Mr. Crumlum ' gave my father directions what to do about getting my brother an exhibition, and spoke very well of him.
25th. Coming home, heard that in Cheapside, there had been but a little before a gibbet set up, and the picture of Huson^ hung upon it in the middle of the street. I called at Paul's Churchyard, where I bought Buxtorf 's Hebrew Gram- mar ; and read [at Kirton's] a declaration of the gentlemen of Northampton which came out this afternoon. To Mr. Crewe's about a picture to be sent into the country, of Mr. Thomas Crewe, to my Lord.
26th. Called for some papers at Whitehall for Mr. Downing, one of which was an Order of the Council for 1800Z. per annum, to be paid monthly ; and the other two, Orders to the Commissioners of Customs, to let his goods pass free. Home from my office to my Lord's lodgings, where my wife had got ready a very fine dinner — viz. a dish of marrow-bones ; a leg of mutton ; a loin of veal ; a dish of fowl, three pullets, and a dozen of larks all in a dish; a great tart, a neat's tongue, a dish of anchovies ; a dish of prawns and cheese. My company was my father, my uncle Fenner, his two sons, Mr. Pierce, and all their wives, and my brother Tom. The news this day is a letter that speaks absolutely Monk's concurrence with this Parliament, and nothing else, which yet I hardly believe. I wrote two characters for Mr. Downing, and carried them to him.
28th. I went to Mr. Downing, who told me that he was resolved to be gone for Holland this morning. So I to my office again, and dispatch my business there, and came with
' Samuel Cromleholme, or Crumlum, Master of St. Paul's School.
' John Hewson, who, from a low origin, became a Colonel in the Parliament Army, and sat in judgment on the King: he escaped hanging by flight, and died in 1662, at Amsterdam. A curious notice of Hewson occurs in Rugge's Diurnal, 5th December, 1659, which states that " he was a cobbler by trade, but a very stout man, and a very good commander; but in regard of his former employment, they [the city apprentices] threw at him old shoes, and slippers, and turnip-tops, and brick-bats, stones, and tiles." . . "At this time [January, 1659-60,] there came forth, almost every day, jeering books : one was called Colonel Hewaon'a Confession : or, a Parley with Pluto, about his going into London, and taking down the g^es of Temple-Bar." He had but one eye, which did not escape the notice of his enemies.
Vol. i. — 5 d
14 DIARY OF [30th Jan.
Mr. Hawley to Mr. Downing's lodging, and took Mr. Squib from White Hall in a coach thither with me, and there we waited in his chamber a great while, till he came in ; and, in the mean time, sent all his things to the barge that lays at Charing Cross stairs. Then came he in, and took a very civil leave of me, beyond my expectations, for I was afraid that he would have told me something of removing me from my office ; but he did not, but that he would do me any service that lay in his power. So I went down, and sent a porter to my house for my best fur cap, but he coming too late with it, I did not present it to him ; and so I returned and went to Heaven,' where Luellin and I dined.
29th. (Lord's day.) In the morning I went to Mr. Gunning's, where he made an excellent sermon upon the 2d of the Galatians, about the difference that fell between St. Paul and St. Peter, whereby he did prove, that, contrary to the doctrine of the Roman Church, St. Paul did never own any dependence, or that he was inferior to St. Peter, but that they were equal, only one a particular charge of preaching to the Jews, and the other to the Gentiles. Casting up my accounts, I do find myself to be worth 40Z. and more, which I did not think, but am afraid that I have forgot something.
30th. This morning, before I was up, I fell a-singing of my song, " Great, good, and just," &c.,^ and put myself thereby in mind that this was the fatal day, now ten years since, his Majesty died. There seems now to be a general cease of talk, it being taken for granted that Monk do resolve to stand to the Parliament, and nothing else. I took my 121. 10s. due to me for my last quarter's salary. [See p. 10.]
' A place of entertainment in Old Palace Yard, on the site of which the Coin- mittoe Rooms of the House of Commons were erected some years ago. It is called in Hudihrns, " False Heaven, at the end of the Hall."
' This is the beginning of Montrose's verses on the execution of Charles I which Pepys had probably set to music: —
Great, good, and just, could I but rate
My grief and thy too rigid fate,
I'd weep the world to such a strain
That it sbould deluge once again.
But since thy loud-tongued blood demands supplies
More from Briareus' hands, than Argus' eyes,
I'll sing thy obsequies with trumpet sounds,
And write thy epitaph with blood and wounds.
1659-GO.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 15
31st. After dinner, to "Westminster Hall, where all we clerks had orders to wait upon the Committee at the Star Chamber that is to try Colonel Jones, ^ and to give an account what money we had paid him ; but the Committee did not sit to-day. I bought the answer to General Monk's letter, which is a very good one, and I keep it by me. Thence to Mrs. Jem, where 1 found her maid in bed in a fit of the ague, and Mrs. Jem among the people below at work, and by and by she came up hot and merry, as if they had given her wine, at which I was troubled, but said nothing ; after a game at cards, I went home. Called in at Harper's with Mr. Pulsford, servant to Mr. Waterhouse,^ who tells me, that whereas my Lord Fleetwood^ should have answered to the Parliament to-day, he wrote a letter and desired a little more time, he being a great way out of town. And how that he is quite ashamed of himself, and confesses how he had deserved this, for his baseness to his brother. And that he is like to pay part of the money, paid out of the Exchequer during the Committee of Safety, out of his own purse again, which I am glad of. I could find nothing in Mr. Downing's letter, which Hawley brought me, concerning my office ; but I could discern that Hawley had a mind that I would get to be Clerk of the Council, I suppose that he might have the greater salary ; but I think it not safe yet to change this for a public employment.
February 1st. Took Gammer East, and James the porter, a soldier, to my Lord's lodgings, who told me how they were drawn into the field to-day, and that they were ordered to march away to-morrow, to make room for General Monk ; but they did shout their Colonel Fitch* and the rest of the ofiicers out of the field, and swore they would not go without their money, and if they would not give it them, they would
' Colonel John Jones, impeached, with General Ludlow and Miles Corbet, for treasonable practices in Ireland.
' Probably, Edward Waterhouse, an heraldic and miscellaneous writer, stylod by Lloyd " as the learned, industrious, and ingenious E, W. of Sion College." His portrait was engraved by Loggan ; he died in 1670.
• See 17th Jan., 1659-60, and note.
* Thomas Fitch, Colonel of a regiment of Foot in 1658, M.P. for Inverness: he uras also Lieutenant of the Tower.
16 DIARY OF [2d Feb
go where they might have it, and that was the City. So the Colonel went to the Parliament, and commanded what money could be got, to be got against to-morrow for them, and all the rest of the soldiers in town, who in all places made a mutiny this day, and do agree together.
2nd. To my office, where I found all the officers of the regiments in town waiting to receive money, that their sol- diers might go out of town, and what was in the Exchequer they had. Harper, Luellin, and I went to the Temple, to Mr. Calthrop's chamber, and from thence had his man by water to London Bridge, to Mr. Calthrop, a grocer, and received 60?. for my Lord. In our way, we talked with our waterman, White, who told us how the watermen had lately been abused by some that had a desire to get in to be watermen to the State, and had lately presented an address of nine or ten thousand hands to stand by this Parliament, when it was only told them that it was a petition against hackney-coaches ; and that to-day they had put out another, to undeceive the world, and to clear themselves. After I had received the money, we went homewards ; but over- against Somerset House, hearing the noise of guns, we landed and found the Strand full of soldiers. So I took up my money and went to Mrs. Johnson, my Lord's sempstress, and giving her my money to lay up. Doling and I went up stairs to a window, and looked out and saw the Foot face the Horse and beat them back, and stood bawling and calling in the street for a free Parliament and money. By and by a drum was heard to beat a march coming towards them, and they all got ready again and faced them, and they proved to be of the same mind with them ; and so they made a great deal of joy to see one another. After all this, I went home on foot to lay up my money, and change my stockings and shoes. I this day left off my great skirt suit, and put on my white suit, with silver lace coat,^ and went over to Harper's, where I met with W. Simons, Doling, Luellin, and three merchants, one of which had occasion to use a porter, and so they sent
' Pepys's father was a tailor, whence perhaps the importance he attaches hroughout tke Diary to dress ; it is evidently more than vaixi*jr
1659-60.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 17
for one, and James the soldier came, who told us how they had been all day and night upon their guard at St. James's, and that through the whole town they did resolve to stand to what they had begun, and that to-morrow he did believe they would go into the City, and be received there. After this we went to a sport called, selling of a horse for a dish of eggs and herrings, and sat talking there till almost twelve at night.
3d. Drank my morning draft at Harper's, and was told there that the soldiers were all quiet upon promise of pay. Thence to St. James's Park, back to Whitehall, where in a guard-chamber I saw about thirty or forty 'prentices of the City, who were taken at twelve o'clock last night, and brought prisoners hither. Thence to my office, where I paid a little more money to some of the soldiers under Lieut. Col. Miller (who held out the Tower against the Parliament, after it was taken away from Fitch ' by the Committee of Safety, and yet he continued in his office). About noon, Mrs. Turner^ came to speak with me and Joyce, and I took them and showed them the manner of the Houses sitting, the doorkeeper very civilly opening the door for us. We went walking all over White Hall, whither General Monk was newly come, and we saw all his forces march by in very good plight, and stout officers. After dinner, I went to hear news, but only found that the Parliament House was most of them with Monk at White Hall, and that in passing through the town he had many calls to him for a free Parliament, but little other welcome. I saw in the Palace Yard how unwilling some of the old soldiers were yet to go out of town without their money, and swore if they had it not in three days, as they were promised, they would do them more mischief in the country than if they had staid here ; and that is very likely, the country being all discontented. The town and guards are already full of Monk's soldiers. It growing dark, to take
' See Feb. 1st, ante.
' Jane, daughter of John Pepys, of South Creak, Norfolk, married to John Turner, Sergeant-at-Iaw ; their only child, Theophila, frequently mentioned as The. or Theoph., became the wife of Sir Arthur Harris, Bart., of Stowford, Devon, and died s. p.
5*
13 DIARY OF [7th Feb
a turn in the Park, where Theoph. (she was sent for to us to dinner) outran my wife and another poor woman, that laid a pot of ale with me that she would outrun her.
4th. All the news to-day is, that the Parliament this morning voted the House to be made up four hundred forth- with. Discourse at an alehouse about Marriott, the great eater, so I was ashamed to eat what I could have done. I met Spicer in Lincoln's Inn Court, buying of a hanging-jack to roast birds upon. My wife killed her turkeys that came out of Zealand with my Lord, and could not get her maid Jane to kill any thing at any time.
5th. (Lord's day.) At church I saw Dick Cumberland,^ newly come out of the country from his living. In the Court of Wards I saw the three Lords Commissioners sitting upon some action where Mr. Scobell was concerned, and my Lord Fountaine^ took him up very roughly about some things that he said.^
6th. To Westminster, where we found the soldiers all set in the Palace Yard, to make way for General Monk to come to the House. I stood upon the steps, and saw Monk go by, he making observance to the judges as he went along.*
7th. Went to Paul's School, where he that made the speech for the seventh form in praise of the Founder,'' did show a book which Mr. Crumlum^ had lately got, which he believed to be of the Founder's own writing. My brother John came off as well as any of the rest in the speeches. To
' Educated at St. Paul's School, and afterwards Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge: in 1658, he got possession of the rectory of Brampton, in Northamp- tonshire, to which he was not legally instituted till 1661. He obtained the rectory of All Saints, Stamford, in 1668, and in 1691 was consecrated Bishop of Peter- borough. He died at his palace 9th October, 1719.
' Sir Thomas Widdrington and Sergeants Thomas Tyrrell and John Fountain had just been appointed Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal.
' See Jan. 9th, ante.
' " Feb. 6th. General Monk being in his lodgings at Whitehall, had notice that the House had a desire to see him. He came into the Court of Wards, and being there, the Sergeant-at-Arms went to meet him with the mace, and hia lordship attended the Sergeant, who went before him with the mace on hia shoulder, being accompanied with Mr. Scott and Mr. Robinson." — Rugge'* Piurnal.
* John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's, whose life has been written by Knight,
• See Jan. 24th, ante.
Ifi5<)-60.1 SAMUEL PEPYS. 19
the Hall, where in the Palace I saw Monk's soldiers abuse Billing and all the Quakers, that were at a meeting-place there, and indeed the soldiers did use them very roughly, and were to blame. This day, Mr. Crewe told me that my Lord St. John^ is for a free Parliament, and that he is very great with Monk, who hath now the absolute command and power to do any thing that he hath a mind to do.
9th. Before I was out of my bed, I heard the soldiers very busy in the morning, getting their horses ready when they lay at Hilton's, but I knew not then their meaning in so doing. In the Hall I understand how Monk is this morn- ing gone into London with his army ; and Mr. Fage told me that he do believe that Monk is gone to secure some of the Common-council of the City, who were very high yesterday there, and did vote that they would not pay any taxes till the House was filled up. I went to my office, where I wrote to my Lord after I had been at the Upper Bench, where Sir Robert Pye this morning came to desire his discharge from the Tower ; but it could not be granted.^ I called at Mr. Harper's, who told me how Monk had this day clapt up many of the Common-council, and that the Parliament had voted that he should pull down their gates and portcullises, their posts and their chains, which he do intend to do, and do lie in the City all night.
To Westminster Hall, where I heard an action very finely pleaded between my Lord Dorset^ and some other noble per- sons, his lady and other ladies of quality being there, and it was about 330?. per annum that was to be paid to a poor
' Oliver St. John, of Lamport, Northamptonshire, Solicitor-General in 1640, and afterwards Lord Chief-Justice of the Upper Bench.
' Sir Robert Pye, the elder, was auditor of the Exchequer, and a staunch Royalist. He garrisoned his house at Faringdon, which was besieged by his son, of the same names, a decided republican, son-in-law to Hampden, and colonel of Horse under Fairfax. The son, here spoken of, was subsequently committed to the Tower for presenting a petition to the House of Commons from the county of Berks, which he represented in Parliament, complaining of the want of a settled form of government. He had, however, the courage to move for an Habeas Corpus, but Judge Newdigate decided that the courts of law had not the power to discharge him. Upon Monk's coming to London, the secluded members passed a vote to liberate Pye, and at the Restoration he was appointed equerry to the King. He died in 1701.
' Richard Sackville, fifth Earl of Dorset, ob. 1677.
20 DIARY OP [11th Feb
Spittal, which was given bj some of his predecessors ; and given on his side.^
10th. Mr. Fage told me what Monk had done in the City, how he had pulled down the most part of the gates and chains that they could break down, and that he was now gone back to White Hall. The City look mighty blank, and cannot tell what in the world to do ; the Parliament having this day ordered that the Common-council sit no more, but that new ones be chosen, according to what qualifications they shall give them.
11th. I heard the news of a letter from Monk, who was now gone into the City again, and did resolve to stand for the sudden filling up of the House, and it was very strange how the countenance of men in the Hall was all changed with joy in half an hour's time. So I went up to the lobby, where I saw the Speaker reading of the letter ; and after it was read. Sir A. Haselrigge came out very angry, and Billing, standing at the door, took him by the arm, and cried, " Thou man, will thy beast carry thee no longer? thou must fall !" We took coach for the City to Guildhall, where the Hall was full of people expecting Monk and Lord Mayor to come thither, and all very joyfull. Met Monk coming out of the chamber where he had been with the Mayor ^ and Aldermen, but such a shout I never heard in all my life, crying out, *' God bless your Excellence !" Here I met with Mr. Lock,^ and took him to an ale-house : when we were come together, he told us the substance of the letter that went from Monk to the Parliament ; wherein, after complaints that he and his officers were put upon such offices against the City as they could not do with any content or honour, it states, that there are many members now in the House that were of the late tyrannical Committee of Safety. That Lambert and Vane* are now in town, contrary to the vote of Parliament. That
' This was the Sackville College for the poor, at East Grinstead, founded by Robert Sackville, second Earl of Dorset, who died in 1608. There is a good account of Sackville College in the Gentlevian'a Majazine for December, 1848.
' Allen, afterwards Sir Thomas, married to Elizabeth Birch.
' Matthew Locke, the celebrated composer.
• See Jan. 9, 1659-60.
for age ith
■it
^l GENERAL MONK'S HOUSE, HANOVER SQUARE,
GRUB STREET.
From a scarce early engraving on copper.
J
3^AUp8 H3V0WAH .3aU0H 8'>iMOM JA>I3M30
.T33>iTa au^o
.isqqoo no gnivBigna yhfis sdiboz b moiH
1659-60.] SAMUEL PEP YS. 21
many in the House do press for new oaths to be put upon men ; whereas we have more cause to be sorry for the many oaths that we have already taken and broken. That the late petition of the fanatique people presented by Barebones,' for the imposing of an oath upon all sorts of people, was received by the House with thanks. That therefore he^ did desire that all writs for filling up of the House be issued by Friday next, and that in the mean time he would retire into the City, and only leave them guards for the security of the House and Council. The occasion of this was the order that he had last night, to go into the City and disarm them, and take away their charter; whereby he and his officers said, that the House had a mind to put them upon things that should make them odious ; and so it would be in their power to do what they would with them. We were told that the Parliament had sent Scott' and Robinson to Monk this afternoon, but he would not hear them ; and that the Mayor and Aldermen had offered their own houses for himself and his officers ; and that his soldiers would lack for nothing. And indeed I saw many people give the soldiers drink and money, and all along the streets cried " God bless them !" and extraordinary good words. Hence we went to a merchant's house hard by, where I saw Sir Nich. Crisp,* and so we went to the Star Tavern, (Monk being then at Benson's.) In Cheapside there was a great many bonfires, and Bow bells and all the bells in all the
' Praise God Barebones, an active member of the Parliament called by his name. About this period he had appeared at the head of a band of fanatics, and alarmed Monk, who well knew his influence. He was a leather-seller in Fleet Street.
" Monk.
' Thomas Scott, recently made Secretary of State, had signed the King's death-warrant, for which he was executed at Charing Cross, 16th October, 1660. He and Luke Robinson were both Members of Parliament, and of the Council of State, and selected, as firm adherents to the Rump, to watch Monk's proceed- ings; and never was a mission more signally unsuccessful. Scott, before his execution, desired to have it written, on his tombstone, " Thomas Scott, who adjudged to death the late king."
' An eminent merchant, and one of the Farmers of the Customs. He ha-i advanced large sums to assist Charles I., who created him a baronet. He died 26th February, 1665, aged 67, and was -buried in the church of St. Mildred, Bread Street. For an account of him, and his magnificent house at Hammer- smith, on the site of which Brandenburg House was built, see Lysons'e Environe, and ot^er local histories.
<J2 DIARY OF [12th Feb
churches as we went home were a-ringing. Hence we went homewards, it being about ten at night. But the common joy that was everywhere to be seen ! The number of bon- fires, there being fourteen between St. Dunstan's and Temple Bar, and at Strand Bridge ' I could at one time tell thirty-one fires. In King Street seven or eight ; and all along, burning, and roasting, and drinking for rumps. There being rumps tied upon sticks and carried up and down. The butchers at the May Pole in the Strand^ rang a peal with their knives when they were going to sacrifice their rump. On Ludgate Hill there was one turning of the spit that had a rump tied upon it, and another basting of it. Indeed it was past imagina- tion, both the greatness and the suddenness of it. At one end of the street you would think there was a whole lane of fire, and so hot that we were fain to keep on the further side.
12th. (Lord's day.) In the morning, it being Lord's day, to White Hall, where Dr. Holmes ^ preached ; but I staid not to hear, but walking in the court, I heard that Sir Arthur Haselrigge was newly gone into the City to Monk, and that Monk's wife* removed from White Hall last night. After dinner, I heard that Monk had been at Paul's in the morn- ing, and the people had shouted much at his coming out of the church. In the afternoon he was at a church in Broad Street, whereabout he do lodge. Walking with Mr. Kirton's ^ apprentice during evening church, and looking for a tavern to drink at, but not finding any open, we durst not knock. To my father's, where Charles Glascocke was overjoyed to see how
' Described in Maitland's History of London as a handsome bridge crossing the Strand, near the east end of Catharine Street, under which a small stream glided from the fields into the Thames, near Somerset House.
' Where stands the church of St. Mary-le-Strand.
' Nathaniel Holmes, D.D., of Exeter College, Oxford. He was the intruding incumbent of St. Mary Stayning, London, and ejected by the Act of Uniformity, and died in 1676. He was a very learned but voluminous and fanciful writer. A list of his works is given in Wood's AthencB, (ed. Bliss) vol. iii, 1160. See also Kennott's Beg^'ster, p. 827.
* Anne Clarges, daughter of a blacksmith, and bred a milliner; mistress and afterwards wife of General Monk, over whom she exercised the greatest in- fluence.
' Joseph Kirton was a bookseller in St. Paul's churchyard, at the sign of "The King's Arms." His death, in October, 1667, is recorded in Smith's Obituary, printed for ih% Camden Society.
1559-60.] SAMUEL PEPTS. 23
things are now : who told me the boys had last night broke Barebones' windows.
13th. This day Monk was invited to White Hall to dinner by my Lords ; not seeming willing, he would not come. I went to Mr. Fage from my father's, who had been this after- noon with Monk, who did promise to live and die with the City, and for the honour of the City ; and indeed the City is very open-handed to the soldiers, that they are most of them drunk all day, and had money given them.
14th. My wife, hearing Mr. Moore's voice in my dressing- chamber, got herself ready, and came down and challenged him for her Valentine. To Westminster Hall, there being many new remonstrances and declarations from many counties to Monk and the City, and one coming from the North from Sir Thomas Fairfax.^ I heard that the Parliament had now changed the oath so much talked of to a promise ; and that, among other qualifications for the members that are to be chosen, one is that no man, nor the son of any man, that hath been in arms during the life of the father, shall be capable of being chosen to sit in Parliament. This day, by an order of the House, Sir H. Vane^ was sent out of town to his house in Lincolnshire.
15th. No news to-day, but all quiet to see what the Par- liament will do about the issuing of the writs to-morrow for the filling up of the House, according to Monk's desire.
17th. To Westminster Hall, where I heard that some of the members of the House were gone to meet some of the secluded members and General Monk in the City. Hence to White Hall, thinking to hear more news, where I met with Mr. Hunt, who told me how Monk had sent for all his goods that he had here, into the City ; and yet again he told me, that some of the members of the House had this day laid in firing into their lodgings at Whitehall for a good while, so that we are at a great stand to think what will become of things,
' Thomas Lord Fairfax, mentioned before. He had succeeded to the Scotch Barony of Fairfax, of Cameron, on the 4eath of his father, in 1647 ; even after his accession to the title, he is frequently styled "Sir Thomas," in the pam< phlets and papers of the day.
* Sir H. Vane had married Frances, daughter of Sir Christopher Wray, of Ashby, Lincolnshire, Bart.
24 DIARY OF [20Lb Feb
whether Monk will stand to the Parliament or no. Drank with Mr. Wotton, who told a great many stories of comedies that he had formerly seen acted, and the names of the prin- cipal actors, and gave me a very good account of it.
18th. This day two soldiers were hanged in the Strand for their late mutiny at Somerset House.'
19th. (Lord's day.) To Mr. Gunning's and heard an excel- lent sermon. Here I met with Mr. Moore, and went home with him to dinner, where he told me the discourse that hap- pened between the secluded members and the members of the House, before Monk, last Friday. How the secluded said, that they did not intend by coming in to express revenge upon these men, but only to meet and dissolve themselves, and only to issue writs for a free Parliament. He told me how Hasel- rigge ^ was afraid to have the candle carried before him, for fear that the people, seeing him, would do him hurt ; and that he is afraid to appear in the City. That there is great likeli- hood that the secluded members will come in^ and so Mr. Crewe and my Lord are likely to be great men, at which I was very glad. After dinner, there was many secluded mem- bers come in to Mr. Crewe, which, it being the Lord's day, did make Mr. Moore believe that there was something extra- ordinary in the business. Mr. Mossum^ made a very good sermon, but only too eloquent for a pulpit.
20th. I went forth to Westminster Hall, where I met with Chetwind, Simons, and Gregory.'* They told me how the Speaker Lenthall do refuse to sign the writs for choice of new members in the place of the excluded ; and by that means the writs could not go out to-day. In the evening, Simons and I to the Coffee Club [Miles's], where I heard Mr. Harrington,
' " They were brought to the place of execution, which was at Charing Cross, and over against Somerset House in the Strand, where were two gibbets erected. These men were the grand actors in the mutinies at Gravesend, at Somerset House, and in St. James' Fields." — Rugge's Diurnal.
^ See Jan. 13th, 1659-60, and note.
° This was in all probability Robert 3fossom, author of several sermoog preached at London, and printed about the time of the Restoration, who was in 1666 made Bishop of Derry. In the title-page of his Apology in lelialf of the Sequestered Clergy, printed in 1660, he calls himself " Preacher of God's word at St. Peter's, Paul's Wharf, London." See also Somers's Tracts, voL vii. p. 237 edit. 1748.
* Mr. Gregory was, in 1672, Clerk of the Cheque at Chatham.
1659-60.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 25
and my Lord of Dorset and another Lord, talking of getting another place at the Cockpit, and they did believe it would come to something. The Club broke up very poorly, and I do not think they will meet any more.
21st. In the morning I saw many soldiers going towards Westminster Hall, to admit the secluded members again. So I to Westminster Hall, and in Chancery I saw about twenty of them who had been at White Hall with General Monk, who came thither this morning, and made a speech^ to them, and recommended to them a Commonwealth, and against Charles Stuart. They came to the House, and went in one after another, and at last the Speaker came. But it is very strange that this could be carried so private, that the other members of the House heard nothing of all this, till they found them in the House, insomuch that the soldiers that stood there to let in the secluded members, they took for such as they had ordered to stand there to hinder their coming in. Mr. Prin^ came with an old basket-hilt sword on, and had a great many shouts upon his going into the Hall. They sat till noon, and at their coming out Mr. Crewe saw me, and bid me come to his house and dine with him, which I did ; and he very joyful told me that the House had made General Monk General of all the Forces in England, Scotland, and Ireland ; and that upon Monk's desire, for the service that Lawson had lately done in pulling down the Committee of Safety, he had the command of the Sea for the time being. He advised me to send for my Lord forthwith, and told me that there is no question that, if he will, he may now be em- ployed again ; and that the House do intend to do nothing more than to issue writs, and to settle a foundation for a free Parliament. After dinner, I back to Westminster Hall with him in his coach. Here I met with Mr. Lock^ and Pursell,*
' This remarkable speech is given at length by Rugge, who adds that about fourscore of the secluded members attended the first meeting of the House. It is highly probable that Monk had ascertained that they were ready to support him, before he committed himself to the Parliament.
* William Prynne, the lawyer, well known by his voluminous publications, and the persecution which he endured. He was M.P. for Bath, 1660, ana died 1669.
' See Feb. 10th, 1659-60.
* Henry Purcell, father of the celebrated composer of the same name, who was born in 1658.
Vol. 1—6
26 DIARY OP [23d Feb
Master of Musique, and went with them to the Coffee House, into a room next the water, by ourselves, where we spent an hour or two till Captain Taylor come and told us that the House had voted the gates of the City to be made up again, and the members of the City^ that are in prison to be set at liberty ; and that Sir G. Booth's ^ case be brought into the House to-morrow. Here we had variety of brave Italian and Spanish songs, and a canon for eight voices, which Mr. Lock had lately made on these words : " Domine salvum fac Regem." Here out of the windows it was a most pleasant sight to see the City from one end to the other with a glory about it, so high was the light of the bonfires, and so thick round the City, and the bells rang everywhere. Mr. Fuller, of Christ's, told me very freely the temper of Mr. Widdrington,^ how he did oppose all the fellows in the College, and feared it would be little to my brother's advantage to be his pupil.
22d. Walking in the Hall, I saw Major-General Brown,* who had a long time been banished by the Bump, but now with his beard overgrown, he comes abroad and sat in the House. To White Hall, where I met with Will. Simons and Mr. Mabbot at Marsh's, who told me how the House had this day voted that the gates of the City should be set up at the cost of the State ; and that Major-General Brown's being proclaimed a traitor be made void, and several other things of that nature. I observed this day how abominably Barebones' windows are broke again last night. Mr. Pierce told me he would go with me to Cambridge, where Colonel Ayres' regi- ment, to which he is surgeon, lieth.
23d. Thursday, my birthday, now twenty-seven years.
' Richard Brown, William Wilde, John Robinson, and William Vincent.
' Sir George Booth, Bart, of Dunham Massey, then a prisoner in the Tower, from which he was released the next day. In 1661 he was created Baron Delamer for his services to the King.
' Dr. Ralph Widdrington having been ejected from his Fellowship by the Master and Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge, October 28th, 1661, sued out a man- damus to be restored to it; and the matter being referred to ComDiissioners — "the Bishop of London, the Lord Chancellor, and some of the Judges" — he obtained restitution. — Kennett's Register, p. 652.
* Richard Brown, a Major-General of the Parliament forces. Governor of Abingdon, and Member for London in the Long Parliament, who had been im- prisoned by the Rump faction. He is afterwards mentioned (June 13th, 1666,) aa Sir Richard Brown ; not John Evelyn's father-in-law of the same names.
MAJOR GENERAL RICHARD BROWNE.
llie . 1 1 • f
J f From an engraving on copper by an unknown artist, after a very
^ scarce early print.
3V[WOm QHAHOm JA^3raO HOIAM
^9v 6 larifi ,J2riiB nwon:}Inu ns xd isqqoo no gnivBigna ns mo'fl
.inhq ^IlBS 9Dib38
1659-60.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 27
To Westminster Hall, where, after the House rose, I met with Mr. Crewe, who told me that my Lord was chosen by 73 voices to be one of the Council of State. Mr. Pierpoint^ had the most, 101, and himself the next, 100.
24th. I rose very early, and taking horse at Scotland Yard, at Mr. Garthwayt's stable, I rode to Mr, Pierce's : we both mounted, and so set forth about seven of the clock ; at Puckridge we baited, the way exceeding bad from Ware thither. Then up again and as far as Foulmer, within six miles of Cambridge, my mare being almost tired : here we lay at the Chequer. I lay with Mr. Pierce, who we left here the next morning, upon his going to Hinchingbroke,^ to speak with my Lord, before his going to London, and we two come to Cambridge by eight o'clock in the morning. I went to Magdalene College, to Mr. Hill,^ with whom I found Mr. Zanchy,** Burton,^ and Hollins, and took leave on promise to sup with them. To the Three Tuns, where we drank pretty hard and many healths to the King, &c. : then we broke up, and I and Mr. Zanchy went to Magdalene College,
' William Pierrepont, M.P. of Thoresby, second son to Kobert, first Earl of Kingston, aged 71, ob. 1679.
" Hincbingbrooke House, so often mentioned in the Diary, stood about half a mile to the westward of the town of Huntingdon. It was erected late in the reign of Elizabeth, by Sir Henry Cromwell, on the site of a Benedictine nunnery, granted at th-e Dissolution, with all its appurtenances, to his father, Richard Williams, who bad assumed the name of Cromwell, and whose grandson, Sir Oliver, was the uncle and godfather of the Protector. The knight, who was re- nowned for bis hospitality, bad the honour of entertaining King James at Hincb- ingbrooke, but, getting into pecuniary diflBculties, was obliged to sell his estates, which were conveyed, 28th July, 1627, to Sir Sidney Montagu, of Barnwell, father of the first Earl of Sandwich, in whose descendant they are still vested. On the morning of the 22nd January, 1830, during the minority of the seventh Earl, Hincbingbrooke was almost entirely destroyed by fire, but the pictures and furniture were mostly saved, and the house has been rebuilt in the Elizabethan style, and the interior greatly improved, under the direction of Edward Blore, Esq., R.A.
' Joseph Hill, a native of Yorkshire, chosen in 1649 Fellow of Magdalene College, and in 1659 University Proctor : he afterwards retired to London, and, according to Calamy, was offered a bishopric by Charles II., which he declined, disliking the terms of conformity ; and, accepting a call to the English Church at Rotterdam in 1678, died there in 1707, aged 83. — Nonconformists' Memorial.
* Clement Zanchy, or Saukey, scholar of Magdalene College, Cambridge, 1647; y<>llow, 1654; described as of the city of London.
' Hezekiah Burton, of Lound, Nottinghamshire, Pensioner of Magdalene Col- Ume, Cambridge, 1647 ; Wray Fellow, 1651.
28 DIARY OF [27th Feo.
where a very handsome supper at Mr. Hill's chambers, I suppose upon a club among them, where I could find that there was nothing at all left of the old preciseness in their discourse, especially on Saturday nights ; and Mr. Zanchy told me that there was no such thing now-a-days among them at any time.
25th. My father, brother, and I to Mr. Widdrington, at Christ's College, who received us very civilly, and caused my brother to be admitted.
26th. (Sunday.) My brother went to the College Chapel. At St. Botolph's Church we heard Mr. Nicholas, of Queen's College, who I knew in my time to be Tripos ' with great ap- plause, upon this text, " For thy commandments are broad." To Mr. Widdrington's to dinner, where he used us very courteously. Found Mr. Pierce at our Inn, who told us that he had lost his journey, for my Lord was gone from Hinch- ingbroke to London on Thursday last, at which I was a little put to a stand. I went to Magdalene College, to get the certificate of the College for my brother's entrance there, that he might save his year.
27th. Up by four o'clock : Mr. Blayton and I took horse and straight to Safii-on Walden, where, at the White Hart, we set up our horses, and took the master of the house to show us Audley End House,^ who took us on foot through the park, and so to the house, where the housekeeper showed us all the house, in which the stateliness of the ceilings, chimney-pieces, and form of the whole was exceedingly worth seeing. He took us into the cellar, where we drank most admirable drink, a health to the King. Here I played on my flageolette, there being an excellent echo. He showed us
' The Tripos was the person who made the disputation on Ash Wednesday, otherwise called the Bachelor of the Stool. He was generally selected for his skill and readiness in the disputation, and allowed great licence of language, an indul- gence often abused; and hence statutes were passed "de auferendis morionum ineptiis et scurrilibus jocis in disputationibus."
' Then the residence of James Howard, third Earl of SufiFolk. It was built by Thomas, the first earl, at the commencement of the seventeenth century, and called after his maternal ancestor. Lord Chancfltor Audley, to whom the monas- tery of Walden, the site of which is occupied by the present house, had beein granted at the Dissolution.
1659-60.] i\MUEL PEPYS, £9
excellent pictures ; two especially, those of the four Evange- lists and Henry VIII. In our going, my landlord carried us through a very old hospital or almshouse, where forty poor people were maintained ; a very old foundation ; and over the chimney-piece was an inscription in brass : " Orate pro anima Thomas Bird,"^ &c.^ They brought me a draft of their drink in a brown bowl, tipt with silver, which I drank off, and at the bottom was a picture of the Virgin with the child in her arms, done in silver. So we took leave, the road pretty good, but the weather rainy to Epping.
28th. Up in the morning, and had some red herrings to our breakfast, while my boot-heel was a-mending, by the same token the boy left the hole as big as it was before. Then to horse for London, through the forest, where we found the way good, but only in one path, which we kept as if we had rode through a kennel all the way. "We found the shops all shut, and the militia of the red regiment in arms at the old Ex- change, among whom I found and spoke to Nich. Osborne, who told me that it was a thanksgiving-day through the City for the return of the Parliament. At Paul's I light, Mr. Blayton holding my horse, where I found Dr. Reynolds^ in the pulpit, and General Monk there, who was to have a great entertainment at Grocers' Hall. I found my Lord at dinner, glad to see me.
29th. To my office. Mr. Moore told me how my Lord is chosen General at Sea by the Council, and that it is thought that Monk will be joined with him therein. This day my Lord came to the House, the first time since he come to town ; but he had been at the Council before. My cousin Morton gave me a brave cup of metheglin, the first I ever drank.
March 1st. Out of the box where my Lord's pamphlets lay, I chose as many as I had a mind to have for my own use, and left the rest. I went to Mr. Crewe's, whither Mr. Thomas was newly come to town, being sent with Sir H.
* Bryd in the original.
* The inscription and the bowl are still to be seen in the almshouse.
* Edward Reynolds, D.D., Dean of Christ Church, and afterwards Bishop of Norwich. He died, 1676 : his works are well known.
6* E
30 DIARY OP [3d March.
Yelverton,' my old schoolfellow at Paul's School, to bring the thanks of the county to General Monk for the return of the Parliament.
2d. I went early to my Lord at Mr. Crewe's, where I spoke to him. Here were a great many come to see him, as Secretary Thurloe,^ who is now by the Parliament chosen again Secretary of State. To Westminster Hall, where I saw Sir G. Booth at liberty. This day I hear the City militia is put into good posture, and it is thought that Monk will not be able to do any great matter against them now, if he had a mind. I understand that my Lord Lambert did yesterday send a letter to the Council, and that to-night he is to come and appear to the Council in person. Sir Arthur Haselrigge do not yet appear in the House. Great is the talk of a single person, and that it would now be Charles, George, or Richard again ; ^ for the last of which, my Lord St. John* is said to speak high. Great also is the dispute now in the House, in whose name the writs shall run for the next Parliament ; and it is said that Mr. Prin, in open house, said, "In King Charles's."
3d. To Westminster Hall, where I found that my Lord was last night voted one of the Generals at Sea, and Monk the other. I met my Lord in the Hall, who bid me come to him at noon. After dinner, I to Warwick House,^ in Holborne, to my Lord, where he dined with my Lord of Manchester,^
' Son of Sir Christopher Telverton, the first Baronet, grandson of Sir Henry Telverton, Judge C. P., author of the Reports. He married Susan, Baroness Grey de Ruthyn, which title descended to his issue. His son was afterwards advanced to the dignity of Viscount Longueville, and his grandson to the Earldom of Sussex. The Yelverton Collection of MSS. belongs to Lord Calthorpe, whose ancestor married a daughter of the first Viscount Longueville.
" John Thurloe, who had been Secretary of State to the two Protectors, but wa? never employed after the Restoration, though the King solicited his services. Ob. 1668.
' Charles Stuart; George Monk; Richard Cromwell.
* Oliver St. John ; see Feb. 7, 1659-60, and note.
' Near Gray's Inn, where Warwick Court now stands.
• The Parliamentary General, afterwards particularly instrumental in the King's Restoration, became Chamberlain of the Household, K. G., a Privy Counsellor, and Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. He died in 1671, having been five times married.
RICHARD CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR.
From a stipple engraving by S. Harding after a miniature by Cooper formerly in the collection of the Right Honorable, the Earl of Orford.
I
laqooO y^d 3iuJBinim 6 i3i\B gnibifiH .8 yd gnivBigns slqqiJa b moiT .btohO )o hfiS aH} .aldsionoH Jrlgr^ sdl \o noiJosIIoo aril ni yharmoi
I
1659-60.] SAMUEL PEPYS. gj
Sir Dudley North,^ my Lord Fiennes,^ and my Lord Barkly.' I staid in the great hall, talking with some gentlemen there, till they all come out. Then I, by coach with my Lord, to Mr. Crewe's, in our way talking of public things. He told me he feared there was new design hatching, as if Monk had a mind to get into the saddle. Returning, met wi Ji Mr. Gifford, who told me, as I hear from many, that things are in a very doubtful posture, some of the Parliament being willing to keep the power in their hands. After I had left him, I met with Tom Harper ; he talked huge high that ixij Lord Protector would come in place again, which indeed is much discoursed of again, though I do not see it possible.
5th. To Westminster by water, only seeing Mr. Pinkny* at his own house, where he showed me how he had always kept the Lion and Unicorne, in the back of his chimney, bright, in expectation of the King's coming again. At home I found Mr. Hunt, who told me how the Parliament had voted that the Covenant be printed and hung in churches again. Great hopes of the King's coming again.
6th. Shrove Tuesday. I called Mr. Shepley, and we both went up to my Lord's lodgings at Mr. Crewe's, where he bids us to go home again, and get a fire against an hour after ; which we did, at White Hall, whither he came, and
' Sir Dudley North, K. B., became the fourth Lord North, on the death of his father, in 1666. Ob. 1677.
* John, third son of William, first Viscount Say and Sele, and one of Oliver's Lords.
' George, thirteenth Lord Berkeley of Berkeley, created Earl of Berkeley 1679. There were at this time two Lord Berkeleys, each possessing a town-house called after his name, which misled Pennant and other biographers following in his track. George, thirteenth Lord Berkeley of Berkeley, advanced to an Earldom in 1679, the Peer here spoken of, lived at Berkeley House, in the parish of St. John's, Clerkenwell, which had been in his family for three generations, and he had a country-seat at Durdans, near Epsom, mentioned by Evelyn and Pepys. His death took place in 1698. The other nobleman, originally known as Sir John Berkeley, and in the service of Charles I., created in 1658 Baron Berkeley of Stratton, subsequently filled many high Offices in the State, and was in 1670 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and in 1674 went Ambassador to France, and died in 1678. He built a splendid mansion in Piccadilly, called also Berkeley House, upon the site of which Devonshire House now stands. To prevent confusion, the words [of Stratton] will bo added wherever his name occurs in these pagea
' Probably Leonard Pinkney, who was Clerk of the Kitchen »f the ensuing Coronation Feast.
82 DIARY OP [6th March»
after talking with him about our going to sea, he called mo by myself into the garden, where he asked me how things were with me. He bid me look out now at this turn some good place, and he would use all his own, and all the interest of his friends that he had in England, to do me good ; and asked me whether I could, without too much inconvenience, go to sea as his secretary, and bid me think of it. He also began to talk of things of State, and told me that he should want one in that capacity at sea, that he might trust in, and therefore he would have me to go. He told me also, that he did believe the King would come in, and did discourse with me about it, and about the affection of the people and City, at which I was full glad. Mr. Hawley brought me a seaman that had promised 10?. to him if he get him a purser's place, which I think to endeavour to do. My uncle Tom inquires about the Knights of Windsor, of which he desires to be one. To see Mrs. Jem, at whose chamber door I found a couple of ladies, but she not being there, we hunted her out, and found that she and another had hid themselves behind a door. Well, they all went down into the dining-room, where it was full of tag, rag, and bobtail, dancing, singing, and drinking, of which I was ashamed, and after I had staid a dance or two, I went away. Wrote by the post, by my Lord's command, for I. Goods to come up presently ; for my Lord intends to go forth with Goods to the Swiftsure till the Nazeby be ready. This day I hear that the Lords do intend to sit, a great store of them are now in town, and, I see, in the Hall to-day. Overton^ at Hull do stand out, but can, it is thought, do nothing ; and Lawson, it is said, is gone with some ships thither, but all that is nothing. My Lord told me, that there was great en- deavours to bring in the Protector again ; but he told me, too, that he did believe it would not last long if he were brought in ; no, nor the King neither, (though he seems to think that he will come in,) unless he carry himself very soberly and well. Every body now drinks the King's health without any fear, whereas before it was very private that a man dare do it. Monk this day is feasted at Mercers' Hall,
' The Parliamentary General.
iP)60.1 SAMUEL PEPYS. 33
and is invited one after another to the twelve Halls in London. Many think that he is honest yet, and some or more think him to be a fool that would raise himself, but think that he will undo himself by endeavoring it.
7th. Ash Wednesday. Washington told me, upon my question whether he knew of any place now ready that I might have by power over friends, that this day Mr. G. Montagu^ was to bo made Gustos Rotulorum for Westminster, and that I might get to be named by him Clerk of the Peace ; but my Lord he believes Mr. Montagu had already promised it, and that it was given him only that he might gratify one person with the place I look for. Going homeward, my Lord overtook me in his coach, and called me in, and so I went with him to St. James's, and G. Montagu being gone to White Hall, we walked over the Park thither, all the way he discoursing of the times, and of the change of things since the last year, and wondering how he could bear with so great disappointment as he did. He did give me the best advice that he could what was best for me, whether to stay or go with him, and offered all the ways that could be, how he might do me good, with the greatest liberty and love that could be. This day, according to order. Sir Arthur ^ appeared at the House ; what was done I know not, but there was all the Rumpers almost come to the House to- day. My Lord did seem to wonder much why Lambert was so willing to be put into the Tower, and thinks he has some design in it ; but I think that he is so poor that he cannot use his liberty for debts, if he were at liberty ; and so it is as good and better for him to be there, than any where else. My father left my uncle with his leg very dangerous, and do be- lieve he cannot continue long. My uncle did acquaint him, that he did intend to make me his heir, and give my brother Tom something, [and to leave] something to raise portions for Joh. and Pall.^ I pray God he may be as good as his word :
' George Montagu, fifth son of Henry, first Earl of Manchester, afterwards M.P. for Dover, and father of the first Earl of Halifax. He was youngest brother of Lord Manchester, mentioned in page 30. See also Jan. 22, 1661-62, and note.
' Haselrigge.
' John and Paulina Pepys, our author's brother and sister.
34 DIARY OF [9th March,
This news and my Lord's great kindness makes me very cheerful within.
8th. To Westminster Hall, where there was a general damp over men's minds and faces upon some of the Officers of the Army being about making a remonstrance upon Charles Stuart or any single person ; but at noon it was told, that the General had put a stop to it, so all was well again. Here I met with Jasper, who was to bring me to my Lord at the lobby ; whither sending a note to my Lord, he comes out to me and gives me directions to look after getting some money for him from the Admiralty, seeing that things are so unsafe, that he would not lay out a farthing for the State, till he had received some money of theirs. This afternoon some of the Officers of the Army, and some of the Parliament, had a con- ference at White Hall, to make all right again, but I know not what is done. At the Dog ^ tavern. Captain Philip Holland, with whom I advised how to make some advantage of my Lord's going to sea, told me to have five or six servants en- tered on board as dead men, and I to give them what wages I pleased, and so their pay to be mine; he also urged me to take the Secretary's place that my Lord did proffer me. Then in comes Mr. Wade and Mr. Sterry, secretary to the plenipo- tentiary in Denmark, who brought the news of the death of the King of Sweden^ at Gottenburgh, the 3rd of last month, and he told me what a great change he found when he came here, the secluded members being restored.
9th. To my Lord at his lodging, and came to Westminster with him in the coach ; and Mr. Budley and he in the Painted Chamber walked a good while ; and I telling him that I was willing and ready to go with him to sea, he agreed that I should, and advised me what to write to Mr. Downing about it. This day it was resolved that the writs do go out in the name of the Keepers of the Liberty, and I hear that it is re- solved privately that a treaty be offered with the King ; and that Monk did check his soldiers highly for what they did yesterday.
' A house still existing in Holywell Street in the Strand bears this name, but from mention elsewhere, the Dog Tavern here recorded must have been in West- minster. ' Charles Qustavus.
1660.J SAMUEL PEPYS. 35
lOth. To my father in his cutting ' house, and told him my resolution to go to sea with my Lord, and we resolved of letting my wife be at Mr. Bowyer's.^
12th. Rode to Huntsmore^ to Mr. Bowyer's, where I found him, and all well, and willing to have my wife come and board with them while I was at sea. Here I lay, and took a spoon- ful of honey and a nutmeg, scraped for my cold, by Mr. Bowyer's direction.
13th. At my Lord's lodgings, who told me that I was to be secretary, and Crewe deputy treasurer to the Fleet, at which I was troubled, but I could not help it. This day the Parlia- ment voted all that had been done by the former Bump against the House of Lords to be void, and to-night that the writs go out without any qualification. Things seem very doubtful what will be the end of all ; for the Parliament seems to be strong for the King, while the soldiers do all talk against.
14th. To my Lord's, where infinity of applications to him and to me. To my great trouble, my Lord gives me all the papers that was given to him, to put in order and to give him an account of them. Here I got half a piece of a person of Mr. Wright's recommending to my Lord, to be Chaplain of the Speaker frigate. I went hence to St. James's, to speak with Mr. Clerke,* Monk's secretary, about getting some soldiers removed out of Huntingdon to Oundle, which my Lord told me he did to do a courtesy to the town, that he might have the greater interest in them, in the choice of the next Parliament ; not that he intends to be chosen himself, but that he might have Mr. G. Montagu and my Lord Mandeville'' chose there in spite of the Bernards.^ This done I saw General Monk, and
' He was a tailor.
" Mr. Bowyer had probably remarried Mrs. Pepys's mother.
' See 8th May following.
* Clement Gierke, of Lawnde Abbey, co. Leicester, created a Baronet in 1661.
* Eldest son of the Earl of Manchester,
^ Robert Bernard, created a Baronet in 1662, served in parliament for Hunting- don, before and after the Restoration, and died in 1666. His son and successor, Sir John Bernard, the second baronet at the time of his death, in 1669, was one of the Knights of the Shire for the county of Huntingdon. The inscription upon his monument in Brampton Church is given in the Topographer and Genealogist, vol. i. p. 113. Sir Nicholas Pedley, who was also burgess for Huntingdon, mar- ried a daughter of Sir Robert Bernard.
36 ' DIARY OF ri8th March.
metliouglit he seemed a dull heavy man. I did promise to give mj wife all that I have in the world, but my books, in case I should die at sea. After supper, I went to Westmin- ster Hall, and the Parliament sat till ten at night, thinking and being expected to dissolve themselves to-day, but they did not. Great talk to-night that the discontented officers did think this night to make a stir, but prevented.
15th. Early packing up my things to be sent by cart with the rest of my Lord's. At Will's I met Tom Alcock, one that went to school with me at Huntingdon, but I had not seen him these sixteen years.
16th. To Westminster Hall, where I heard how the Par- liament had this day dissolved themselves, and did pass very cheerfully through the Hall, and the Speaker without his mace. The whole Hall was joyful thereat, as well as them- selves, and now they begin to talk loud of the King. To- night I am told, that yesterday, about five o'clock in the afternoon, one came with a ladder to the Great ^ Exchange, and wiped with a brush the inscription that was on King Charles, and that there was a great bonfire made in the Exchange, and people called out, " God bless King Charles the Second! "2
17th. This day, before I went out with my wife, I did seal my will to her, whereby I did give her all that I have in the world, hut my books, which I give to my brother John, ex- cepting only French books, which my wife is to have.
18th. (Lord's day.) I gave Captain Williamson his com mission to be Captain of the Harp, and he gave me a piece of gold, and 20s. in silver. To Mr. Mossum's, where he
' So called during the Commonwealth, in lieu of Royal.
' " Then the writing in golden letters, that was engraven under the statue of Charles I., in the Royal Exchange {Exit tyrannui, Regum ultimus, anno liber, tatis Anglioi, Anno Domini 1648, Januarie xxx.) was washed out by a painter, who in the day time raised a ladder, and with a pot and brush washed the writing quite out, threw down his pot and brush, and said it should never do him any more service, in regard that it had the honour to put out rebels' hand-writing. He then came down, took away his ladder, not a misword said to him, and by whose order it was done was not then known. The merchants were glad and joyful, many people were gathered together, and against the Exchange made a bonfire." — Rugge's Diurnal.
THE ROYAL EXCHANGE.
Reproduced direct from an original contemporary print, engraved by Wenzel Hollar, now in the possession of the publishers.
I
.3OHAH0X3 JAYO^I 3HT
b9VBi§n3 ,Jnhq xiBtoqmaJnoo kni^ho ns moil joaiib bsDuboiqa^
.aisrlailduq 3r{j ]o noi88382oq edi ni v/on ,ibI{oH lasnaW yd
1660.] SAMUEL PEPTS. 37
made a very gallant sermon upon " Pray for the life of the King, and the King's son."
19th. Early to my Lord, where infinity of business to do, which makes my head full ; and, indeed, for these two or three days I have not been without a great many cares. After that, to the Admiralty, where a good while with Mr. Blackburne, who told me that it was much to be feared that the King would come in, for all good men and good things were now discouraged. Thence to Wilkinson's, where Mr. Shepley and I dined ; and while we were at dinner, my Lord Monk's life-guard come by with the Sergeant-at-Arms before them, with two Proclamations, that all Cavaliers do depart the town ; but the other, that all officers that were lately dis- banded should do the same. The last of which, Mr. R. Creed, ^ I remember, said, that he looked upon it as if they had said, that all God's people should depart the town. All the discourse now-a-day is, that the King will come again ; and for all I see, it is the wishes of all ; and all do believe that it will be so. My mind is still much troubled for my poor wife, but I hope that this undertaking will be worth my pains. This day, my Lord dined at my Lord Mayor's [Allen], and Jaspar was made drunk, which my Lord was very angry at.
20th. I took a short melancholy leave of my father and mother, without having them to drink, or say anything of business one to another. At Westminster, by reason of rain and an easterly wind, the water was so high that there was boats rowed in King Street, and all our yards was drowned, that one could not go to my house,^ so as no man has seen the like almost, and most houses full of water.^
' Major Richard Creed, who commanded a troop under Lambert when that general surrendered to Ingoldsby : see 24 April folloioing. He was imprisoned with the rest of the officers, but his name does not recur in the Diary, nor is it itnown whether he was related to John Creed, so frequently mentioned hereafter.
' In Axe Yard, King Street, Westminster. See note to p. 1, of this volume.
' "In this month the wind was very high, and caused great tides, so that great hurt was done to the inhabitants of Westminster, King Street being quite drowned. The Maidenhead boat was cast away, and twelve persons with her. Also, about Dover the waters brake in upon the mainland; and in Kent was verj much damage done; so that report said, there was 20,000^ worth of harm done.' ■— Rugge's Diurnal.
Vol. L— 7
og DIARYOP [24th Mifclx
2l8t. To my Lord's, but the wind very high against us ; here I did very much business, and then to my Lord Wid- drino-ton's from my Lord, with his desire that he might have the disposal of the writs of the Cinque Ports. My Lord was very civil to me, and called for wine, and writ a long letter in answer.
22d. To Westminster, and received my warrant of Mr. Blackburne, to be Secretary to the two Generals of the Fleet. Strange how these people do now promise me any- thing ; one a rapier, the other a vessel of wine, or a gun, and one offered me a silver hat-band to do him a courtesy. I pray God to keep me from being proud, or too much lifted up hereby.
23d. Carried my Lord's will in a black box to Mr. W. Montagu,^ for him to keep for him. My Lord, Captain Isham,^ Mr. Thomas, John Crewe, W. Howe, and I to the Tower, where the barges staid for us; my Lord and the Captain in one, and W. Howe and I, &c., in the other, to the Long Reach, where the Swiftsure ^ lay at anchor ; (in our way, we saw the great breach which the late high water had made, to the loss of many lOOOZ. to the people about Lime- house.) Soon as my Lord on board, the guns went off bravely from the ships. And a little while after comes the Vice Admiral Lawson, and seemed very respectful to my Lord, and so did the rest of the Commanders of the frigates that were thereabouts. We were late writing of orders for the getting of ships ready, &c. ; and also making of others to all the sea-ports between Hastings and Yarmouth, to stop all dangerous persons that are going or coming between Flanders and there. The cabin allotted to me was the best that any had that belonged to my Lord.
24th. At work hard all the day writing letters to the Council, &c. Mr. Creed* came on board, and dined very
' William, second son of the first Lord Montagu of 13-oughton, and firs: cousin to Sir Edwiird Montagu. He was afterwards Lord Chief Baron. Ob. 1707, set. 89.
' Sir Sidney Montagu, the father of " my Lord," had married for his second wife one of the Ishain family, of Lamport.
' Commanded by Captain, after Sir Richard Stayner.
♦John Creed, who, having been a Puritan, hai been averse to the King's coming in.
1660.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 39
boldly with my Lord. The boy Eliezer flung down a can of beer upon my papers, which made me give him a box of the ear, it having cost me a great deal of work.
25th. (Lord's day.) About two o'clock in the morning, letters came from London by our coxon, so they waked me, but I bid him stay till morning, which he did, and then I rose and carried them into my Lord, who read them a-bed. Among the rest, there was the writ and mandate for him to dispose to the Cinque Ports for choice of Parliament-men. There was also one for me from Mr. Blackburne, who with his own hand superscribes it to S. P., Esq.,^ of which God knows I was not a little proud. I wrote a letter to the Clerk of Dovei Castle, to come to my Lord about issuing of those writs. Mr. Ibbott^ prayed, and preached a good sermon. At dinner, I took place of all but the Captain. After that, sermon again, at which I slept, God forgive me !
26th. This day it is two years since it pleased God that I was cut for the stone at Mrs. Turner's in Salisbury Court ; and did resolve while I live to keep it a festival, as I did the last year at my house, and for ever to have Mrs. Turner and her company with me. But now it pleased God that I am prevented to do it openly ; only within my soul I can and do rejoice, and bless God, being at this time, blessed be his holy name, in as good health as ever I was in my life. This morn- ing I rose early, and went about making of an establish- ment of the whole Fleet, and a list of all the ships, with the number of men and guns. About an hour after that, we had a meeting of the principal commanders and seamen, to proportion out the number of these things. All the after- noon very many orders were made, till I was very weary. At night, the Captain [Cuttance] came, and sat drinking [with us] till eleven, a kindness he do not often do the greatest officer in the ship.
' Pepys was not a little proud of being addressed as S. P., Esquire. In fifty years afterwards (as we find from Steele's pleasant paper in the Tatler, No. 19) we were become pnpulus armigerorum: every pretender admitted into the frater- nity. Who is now excluded? This entry, and Pepys's pride, in 1666, in having a ■jpare bed, are among those minute details which render the Diary so valuable ai a history of manners.
^ Edmund Ibbott, S.T.B., in 1662 made rector of Deal. Ob. 1677.
40 DIARYOF [28th March,
27tli. Ihis morning, the wind came about, and we fell into the Hope ; and in our passing by the vice-admiral, he and the rest of the frigates did give us many guns, and we him, and the report of them broke all the windows in my cabin. I sat the first time with my Lord at table since my coming to sea. All the afternoon exceeding busy in writing of letters and orders. In the afternoon. Sir Harry Wright ' come on board us, about his business of being chosen a Parliament- man. My Lord brought him to see my cabin, where I was hard a-vsriting. At night supped with my Lord too, with the Captain.
28th. This morning and the whole day busy. At night, there was a gentleman very well bred, his name was Banes, going for Flushing, who spoke French and Latin very well, brought by direction from Captain Clerke hither, as a prisoner, because he called out of the vessel that he went in, "Where is your King, we have done our business, Vive le Roi !" He confessed himself a Cavalier in his heart, and that he and his whole family had fought for the King; but that he was then drunk, having been taking his leave at Gravesend the night before, and so could not remember what it was that he said ; but in his words and carriage showed much of a gentleman. My Lord had a great kindness for him, but did not think it safe to release him, though he had a supper in the master's cabin. But a while after, he sent a letter down to my Lord, which my Lord did like very well, and did advise with me that the gentleman was to be released. So I went up and sat and talked w^ith him in Latin and French ; and about eleven at night he took boat again, and so God bless him. This day we had news of the election at Huntingdon for Bernard^ and Pedly, at which my Lord was much troubled for his friends' missing of it.
' M.P. for Ilarwick; created a Baronet by Cromwell, 1658, and by Charles II., 1660. Ho married Anne, daughter of Lord Crewe, and sister to Sir E. Montagu's wife, and resided at Dagenliam, Essex.
» John Bernard and Nicholas Pedley, re-elected in the next Parliament The latter had been a Commissioner of the Wine Office. Sir E. Montagu had ■et up his eldest sop and G. Montagu as candidates. See ante, March 14th, and •ote.
1660.] SAMUEL PEP YS. 41
29th. "We He still a little below Gravesend. At night Mr. Shepley returned from London, and told us of several elections for the next Parliament. That the King's effigies ■was new making to be set up in the Exchange again. This evening was a great whispering that some of the Vice- Admiral's captains were dissatisfied, and did intend to fight themselves, to oppose the General. But it was soon hushed, and the Vice-Admiral did wholly deny any such thing, and protested to stand by the General.
30th. I was saluted in the morning with two letters, from some that I had done a favour to, which brought me in each a piece of gold. This day, while my Lord and we were at dinner, the Nazeby came in sight towards us, and at last come to anchor close by us. My Lord and many others went on board her, where every thing was out of order, and a new chimney made for my Lord in his bed-chamber, which he was much pleased with. My Lord, in his discourse, dis- covered a great deal of love to this ship.^
April 1st, (Lord's day.) This morning, I gave Mr. Hill, that was on board with the Vice-Admiral, a bottle of wine, and was exceedingly satisfied with the power I have to make my friends welcome. Mr. Ibbott preached very well. After dinner, my Lord did give me a private list of all the ships that were to be set out this summer, wherein I do discover that he hath made it his care to put by as much of the Anabaptists as he can. By reason of my Lord and my being busy to send away the packet by Mr. Cooke of the Nazeby, it was four o'clock before we could begin sermon again. This day, Captain Guy come on board the Dunkirk, who tells me that the King will come in, and that the soldiers at Dunkirk do drink the King's health in the streets. I made a commission for Captain Wilgness, of the Bear, to-night, which got me 30.s.
2d. Up very early, and to get all my things and my boy's packed up. Great concourse of commanders here this morning, to take leave of my Lord upon his going into the
' Sir E. Montagu's flag had been on board the Naseby when he went to the Sound.
•J *
42 D I A R Y 0 F [4tb April,
Nazcby. My cabin little, but very convenient, with two windows and a good bed. This morning comes Mr. Edward Pickering,^ like a coxcomb as be always was : he tells me that the King will come in, but that Monk did resolve to have the doing of it himself, or else to hinder it.
3d. There come many merchants to get convoy to the Baltique, which a course was taken for. They dined with my Lord, and one of them, by name Alderman Wood, talked much to my Lord of the hopes that he had now to be settled, (under the King, he meant) ; but my Lord took no notice of it. This day come the Lieutenant of the Swiftsure,.who was sent by my Lord to Hastings, one of the Cinque Ports, to have got Mr. Edward Montagu to have been one of their burgesses, but could not, for they were all promised before. My heart exceeding heavy for not hearing of my dear wife.
4th. This morning come Colonel Thomson with the wooden leg, and General Pen, and dined with my Lord and Mr. Blackburne, who told me that it was certain now that the King must of necessity come in, and that one of the Council told him there is something doing in order to a treaty already among them. And it was strange to hear how Mr. Blackburne did already begin to commend him for a sober man, and how quiet he would be under his government, &c. The Commissioners come to-day, only to consult about a further reducement of the Fleet, and to pay them as fast as they can. At night, my Lord resolved to send the Captain
' Younger brother of Sir Gilbert Pickering, Bart, born 1618, and bred to the law; and in 1681 a resident in Lincoln's Inn. He married Dorothy, one of the daughters of Sir John Weld, of Arnolds, in Edmonton, Middlesex, and died in 1698, 8. p. 8.: his widow survived till December, 1707. Roger North ("Life of Lord Keeper Guildford," 1742, p. 68) has drawn a very unfavourable picture of Edward Pickering, calling him a subtle fellow, a money-hunter, a great trifler, and avaricious, but withal a great pretender to puritanism, frequenting the Rolls' Chapel, and most busily writing the sermon in his hat, that he might not be seen. We learn from the same authority that Sir John Cutts, of Childerley, having left his aunt, Mrs. Edward Pickering, an estate worth 300/. per annum, for ninety-nino years, if she should so long live, her husband, who was the executor, erased from the will the words of reference to her life, with intention to possess himself of the property for the term, absolutely ; which fraud being suspected, the question was tried in a court of law, and the jury without hesitation found Pickering the author of the erasure, before the publication tf the will.
1660.] SAMUEL PE FYS. 43
of our ship to "Waymouth, and promote his being chosen there, which he did put himself into readiness to do the next morning.
5th. We set sail at noon, and come in the evening to Lee roads and anchored. To the castles^ about Deal, where our fleet lay, and anchored ; great was the shoot of guns from the castles, and ships, and our answers.
6th. Under sail as far as the Spitts.
7th. The wind grew high, and we, being among the sands, lay at anchor ; I began to be dizzy and squeamish.
8th. (Lord's day.) The lieutenant and I looked through his glass at two merchantmen, and at the women on board them, being pretty handsome.
9th. In sight of the North and South Forelands. This afternoon I first saw France and Calais, with which I was much pleased, though it was at a distance.
10th. Most of the commanders in the fleet came on board, and the Vice-Admiral to us, who sat and talked, and seemed a very good-natured man.
11th. Lord Goring^ returned from France, and landed at Dover. A gentleman came from my Lord of Manchester to my Lord for a pass for Mr. Boyle,^ which was made him. All the news from London is that things go on fui'ther towards a King. That the Skinners' Company the other day, at their entertaining of General Monk,* had took down the Parliament Arms in their Hall, and set up the King's. My Lord and I had a great deal of discourse about the several Captains of the Fleet and his interest among them, and had his mind clear to bring in the King. He confessed
' The castles were Walmer, Sandgato, Sandwich, Deal, and Dover.
" Charles, who succeeded his father as second Earl of Norwich. He had been banished eleven years before by the Parliament for heading an army, and keeping the town of Colchester for the use of the King. At his first coming he went to the Council of State, and had leave to remain in London, provided he did not disturb the peace of the nation. — Rugge's Diurnal.
' The celebrated Robert Boyle, youngest son of Richard, first Earl of Cork.
' His Excellenay had now dined at nine of the chief Halls; at every Hall there was after dinner a kind of stage-play, and many pretty conceits, and dancing and singing, and many shapes and ghosts, and the like, and all to please Lord Monk. — Ilugge's Diurnai,
44 DIARYOF [15th Aprils
to me that lie was not sure of his own Captain [Cuttance], to be true to him, and that he did not like Captain [John] Stokes. Came two letters from my dear wife.
12th. Weather bad. Twenty strangers aboard.
14th. This day I was informed that my Lord Lambert is got out of the Tower/ and that there is lOOZ. proffered to whoever shall bring him forth to the Council of State. My Lord is chosen at Waymouth this morning; my Lord had his freedom brought him by Captain Tiddiman of the port of Dover, by which he is capable of being elected for them. This day I heard that the Army had in general declared to stand by what the next Parliament shall do.
15th. (Lord's day.) To sermon, and then to dinner, where my Lord told us that the University of Cambridge had a mmd to choose him for their burgess, which he pleased himself with, to think that they do look upon him as a thriving man, and said so openly at table. At dinner-time, Mr. Cooke came back from London with a packet which caused my Lord to be full of thoughts all day, and at night he bid me privately to get two commissions ready, one for Captain Robert Blake to be captain of the Worcester, in the room of Captain Dekings, an Anabaptist, and one that had witnessed a great deal of discontent with the present pro- ceedings. The other for Captain Coppin to come out of that into the Newbury in the room of Blake, whereby I perceive
' The manner of the escape of John Lambert, out of the Tower, on the 11th inst., as related by Rugge : — That about eight of the clock at night he escaped by a rope tied fast to his window, by which he slid down, and in each hand he had a handkerchief; and six men were ready to receive him, who had a barge to hasten him away. She who made the bed, being privy to his escape, that night, to blind the warder when he came to lock the chamber-door, went to bed, and possessed Colonel Lambert's place, and put on his night- cap. So, when the said warder came to lock the door, according to his usual manner, he found the curtains drawn, and conceiving it to be Colonel John Lambert, he said, "Good night, mj Lord." To which a seeming voice replied, and prevented all further jealousies. The next morning, on coming to unlock the door, and espying her face, he cried out, "In the name of God, Joan, what makes you here? Where is my Lord Lambert?" She said, "He is gone; but I cannot tell whither." Whereupon he caused her to rise, and carried her before the oflScer in the Tower, and [she] was committed to custody. Some said that a lady knit for him a garter of silk, by which ho was convoyed down, and that she received lOQl. for her pains.
i
MAJOR GENERAL LAMBERT.
From a scarce mezzotint by R. Dunkarton after a contemporary painting by an unknown artist.
f
•T^aSMAJ JA>I3M30 5IO[AM
YiBioqm9JnoD s raJk nohB^lnuQ .^ y«J Jniiossam sDisoa b moll
•JeBiB nwon^nu hb yj gniiniBq
1680.] SAMUEL PBPYS. 46
that General Monk do resolve to make a thorough change, to make way for the King. From London I hear that, since Lambert got out of the Tower, the Fanatiques had held up their heads high, but I hope all that will come to nothing.
17th. All the morning getting ready commissions for the Vice- Admiral' and the Rear- Admiral,^ wherein my Lord was very careful to express the utmost of his own power, com- manding them to obey what orders they should receive from the Parliament, &c., or both or either of the Generals.^ My Lord told me clearly his thoughts that the King would carry it, and that he did think himself very happy that he was now at sea, as well for his own sake, as that he thought he might do his country some service in keeping things quiet. My Lord did give the Vice-Admiral his commission.
18th. Mr. Cooke returned from London, bringing me this news, that the Cavaliers are something unwise to talk so high on the other side as they do. That the Lords do meet every day at my Lord of Manchester's, and resolve to sit the first day of the Parliament. That it is evident now that the General and the Council do resolve to make way for the King's coming. And it is clear that either the Fanatiques must now be undone, or the gentry and citizens throughout England, and clergy must fall, in spite of their militia and army, which is not at all possible, I think. Mr. Edward Montagu come on board, making no stay at all. Sir R. Stayner, Mr. Shepley, and as many of my Lord's people as could be spared, went to Dover, to get things ready for the Election to-morrow.
19th. At dinner, news brought us that my Lord was chosen at Dover.
20th. This evening come Mr. Boyle on board, for whom
' Sir John Lawson.
' Sir Richard Stayner, knighted and made a Vice-Admiral by Cromwell, 1657, and after the Restoration sent to command at Tangier till the Governor arrived.
' Sir Edward Montagu afterwards recommended the Duke of York as High Admiral to give regular and lawful commissions to the Commanders of the Fleet, instead of those which they had received from Sir Edward himself, or from the Rump Parliament. — Kennett's Begiater, p. 163.
4g DIARYOF [2l6t April,
I wi-it an order for a ship to transport him to Flushing. He Slipped with my Lord, my Lord using him as a person of honour. Mr. Shepley told me that he heard for certain at Dover that Mr. Edward Montagu' did go beyond sea when he was here first the other day, and I am apt to believe that he went to speak with the King. This day, one told me how that at the election at Cambridge for knights of the shire, Wendby and Thornton, by declaring to stand for the Parliament and a King and the settlement of the Church, did carry it against all expectation against Sir Dudley North and Sir Thomas Willis.^
21st. This day dined Sir John Boys ^ and some other gentle- men, formerly great Cavaliers, and among the rest one Mr. Norwood,^ for whom my Lord give a convoy to carry him to the Brill, but he is certainly going to the King ; for my Lord commanded me that I should not enter his name in my book. My Lord do show them and that sort of people great civility. All their discourse and others are of the King's coming, and we begin to speak of it very freely ; and heard how in many churches in London, and upon many signs there, and upon merchants' ships in the river, they had set up the King's arms. This night there came one with a letter from Mr. Edward Montagu to my Lord, with command to deliver it to his own hands. I do believe that he do carry some close business on for the King. This day I had a large letter from Mr. Moore, giving me an account of the present dispute at London that is like to be at the beginning of the Parliament, about the House of Lords, who do resolve to sit with the Commons, as not thinking themselves dissolved yet, which, whether it be granted or no, or whether they will sit or no. it will bring a great many inconveniences. His letter I keep, it being a very well writ one.
' Eldest son of Edward, second Lord Montagu, of Boughton, killed at Bergen, 1665.
' He had represented Cambridgeshire in the preceding Parliament.
' Of Sandwich, gentleman of the Privy-Chamber.
* A Major Norwood bad been Governor of Dunkirk ; and a person of th« flame name occurs, as one of the Esquires of the body at the Coronation of Charles II. Probably, he was Richard Norwood of Dane's Court, in the Isle of Thanet See Dec. 1., 1662.
1660.] SAMUEL PBPYS. 47
22d. (Easter Sunday.) Several Londoners, strangers, friends of the Captains, dined here, who, among other things, told us, how the King's Ai-ms are every day set up in houses and churches, particularly in Allhallows' Church in Thames Street, John Simpson's church, which, being privately done, was a great eyesore to his people when they came to church and saw it. Also, they told us for certain, that the King's statue is making by the Mercers' Company, (who are bound to do it ^) to set up in the Exchange.
23d. I had 40s. given me by Captain Cowes of the Paragon. In the evening, for the first time, extraordinary good sport among the seamen, after my Lord had done playing at nine- pins. That being done, he fell to singing a song upon the Rump, to the tune of "The Blacksmith."
24th. To dine with the Vice-Admiral ^ on board the London, which had a state-room much bigger than the Nazeby, but not so rich. After that, with the Captain on board our own bhip, where we were saluted with the news of Lambert's being taken, which news was brought to London on Sunday last. He was taken in Northamptonshire by Colonel Ingoldsby,^ at the head of a party, by which means their whole design is broke, and things now very open and safe ; and every man begins to be merry and full of hopes.
25th. Dined to-day with Captain Robert Clerke on board the Speaker, (a very brave ship,*) where was the Vice-Admi- ral, Rear-Admiral, and many other commanders. After dinner, home, not a little contented to see how I am treated, and with what respect made a fellow to the best commander in the Fleet.
26th. This day come Mr. Donne ^ back from London, who
' As trustees for Sir Thomas Gresham, the founder of the Royal Exchange.
' Sir John Lawson : see April 17, ante.
' Colonel Richard Ingoldsby, Governor of Oxford under his kinsman CromwelL He signed the warrant for the execution of Charles I. ; but was pardoned for the service here mentioned, and made K.B. at the Coronation of Charles II. He afterwards retired to his seat at Lethenborough, Bucks, and dying 16th Sept, 1685, was buried in the church of Hartwell, near Aylesbury.
Of fifty-two guns ; afterwards named the Mary : see May 23, 1660.
• Probably, Thomas Danes, at that time one of the Admiralty messengew.
4g DIARYOF [27tb April,
brought letters with him that signify the meeting of the Par- liament yesterday. And in the afternoon, by other letters, I hear, that about twelve of the Lords met and had chosen my Lord of Manchester Speaker of the House of Lords (the young Lords that never sat yet do forbear to sit for the pre- sent) ; and Sir Harbottle Grimston, Speaker for the House of Commons, which, after a little debate, was granted. Dr. Reynolds preached before the Commons before they sat. My Lord told me how Sir H. Yelverton^ (formerly my school- fellow) was chosen in the first place for Northamptonshire, and Mr. Crewe in the second ; and told me how he did be- lieve that the Cavaliers have now the upper hand clear of the Presbyterians.
27th. This morning. Pirn [the tailor] spent in my cabin, putting a great many ribbons to a suit. After dinner, came on board Sir Thomas Hatton^ and Sir R. Maleverer,* going for Flushing ; but all the world know that they go where the rest of the many gentlemen go that every day flock to the King at Breda. They supped here, and my Lord treated them, as he do the rest that go thither, with a great deal of civility. While we were at supper, a packet came, wherein much news from several friends. The chief is, that that I had from Mr. Moore, viz., that he fears that the Cavaliers in the House will be so high, that the others will be forced to leave the House and fall in with General Monk, and so offer things to the King so high on the Presbyterian account that he may refuse, and so they will endeavour some more mischief; but when 1 told my Lord it, he shook his head, and told me that the Presbyterians are deceived, for the General is certainly for the King's interest, and so they will not be able to prevail that way with him. After supper, the two knights went on board the Grantham, that is to convey them to Flushing. I am informed that the Exchequer is now so low, that there is not
' Ancestor of the Earls of Verulam. He was made Master of the Rolls No- vember following, and died 1683.
* Of Easton Mauduit, Bart, grandson to the Attorney-General of both his names. Ob. 1679. See p. 30, ante.
' Of Long Stanton, co. Cambridge, Bart.
* Of Allerion Maleverer, Yorkshire, Bart
I6W.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 49
20^. there, to give the messenger that brought the news of Lambert's being taken ; which story is very strange that he should lose his reputation of being a man of courage now at one blow, for that he was not able to fight one stroke, but desired of Colonel Ingoldsby several times to let him escape. Late reading my letters, my mind being much troubled tc think that, after all our hopes, we should have any cause tc fear any more disappointments therein.
29th. (Sunday.) After sermon in the morning, Mr. Cooke came from London with a packet, bringing news how all the young lords that were not in arms against the Parliament do now sit. That a letter is come from the King to the House, which is locked up by the Council till next Thursday, that it may be read in the open House when they meet again, they having adjourned till then to keep a fast to- morrow. And so the contents are not yet known. 13,000/. of the 20,000Z. given to General Monk is paid out of the Exchequer, he giving 121. among the teller's clerks of Exchequer. My Lord called me into the great cabin below, where he told me that the Presbyterians are quite mastered by the Cavaliers, and that he fears Mr. Crewe did go a little too far the other day in keeping out the young lords from sitting. That he do expect that the King should be brought over suddenly, without staying to make any terms at all, saying that the Presbyterians did intend to have brought him in with such conditions as if he had been in chains. But he shook his shoulders when he told me how Monk had betrayed them, for it was Monk that did put them upon standing to put out the lords and other members that come not within the qualifications, which Montagu did not like, but however Monk had done his business, though it be with some kind of baseness. After dinner, I walked a great while upon the deck with the chirurgeon and purser, and other officers of the ship, and they all pray for the King's coming, which I pray God send.
30th. Mr. Shepley and I got my Lord's leave to go on shore, it being very pleasant in the fields, but a very pitiful town Deal is.
Vol. L — 8
50 DIARY OP [2d May,
May 1st. It being a very pleasant day, I wislied myself in Hyde Park. At supper, hearing a great noise, we all rose, and found it was to save the coxon of the Cheriton, who, dropping overboard, was drowned. To-day, I hear they were very merry at Deal, setting up the king's flags upon one of their maypoles, and drinking his health upon their knees in the streets, and firing the guns, which the soldiers of the Castle threatened, but durst not oppose.
2d. Mr. Donne from London, with letters that tell us the welcome news of the Parliament's votes yesterday, which will be remembered for the happiest Mayday that hath been many a year to England. The King's letter was read in the House, wherein he submits himself and all things to them, as to an Act of Oblivion to all, unless they shall please to except any, as to the confirming of the sales of the King's and Church lands, if they see good. The House, upon reading the letter, ordered 50,000Z. to be forthwith provided to send to His Majesty for his present supply ; and a com- mittee chosen to return an answer of thanks to His Majesty for his gracious letter ; and that the letter be kept among the records of the Parliament ; and in all this not so much as one No. So that Luke Robinson^ himself stood up, and made a recantation for what he had done, and promises to be a loyal subject to his Prince for the time to come. The City of London have put out a Declaration, wherein they do dis- claim their owning any other government but that of a King, Lords, and Commons. Thanks were given by the House to Sir John Greenville,^ one of the bedchamber to the King, who brought the letter, and they continued bare all the time it was reading. Upon notice from the Lords to the Commons, of their desire that the Commons would join with them in their vote for King, Lords, and Commons ; the Commons did concur, and voted that all books whatever that are out against the Government of King, Lords, and Commons,
' Of Pickering Ly th, in Yorkshire, M. P. for Scarborough ; discharged from lilting in the House of Commons, July 21, following.
* Created Earl of Bath 1661, son of Sir Bovil Qrenville, killed at the battle of Lansdowne, and said to have been the only person entrusted by Charles IL and Monk in bringing about the Restoration.
1660.] SAMUEL TEPYS. 51
should be brought into the House and burned. Great joy all yesterday at London, and at night more bonfires than ever, and ringing of bells and drinking of the King's health upon their knees in the streets, which methinks is a little too much. But every body seems to be very joyful in the busi- ness, insomuch that our sea-commanders now begin to say so too, which a week ago they would not do.^ And our seamen, as many as had money or credit for drink, did do nothing else this evening. This day come Mr, North ^ (Sir Dudley North's son) on board, to spend a little time here, which my Lord was a little troubled at, but he seems to be a fine gen- tleman, and at night did play his part exceeding well at first sight.
3d, This morning my Lord showed me the King's declara- tion and his letter to the two Generals to be communicated to the fleet. The contents of the latter are his ofier of grace to all that will come in within forty days, only excepting them that the Parliament shall hereafter except. That the sales of lands during these troubles, and all other things, shall be left to the Parliament, by which he will stand. The letter dated at Breda, April y\, 1660, in the twelfth year of his reign. Upon the receipt of it this morning by an express, Mr. Phillips, one of the messengers of the Council from General Monk, my Lord summoned a council of war, and in the mean time did dictate to me how he would have the vote ordered which he would have pass this council. Which done, the Commanders all came on board, and the council sat in the coach ' (the first council of war that had been in my time), where I read the letter and declaration ; and while they were discoursing upon it, I seemed to draw up a vote, which, being ofiered, they passed. Not one man seemed to say No to it, though I am confident many in their
' The picture of King Charles II. was often set up in houses, without the least molestation, whereas, a while ago, it was almost a hanging matter so to do ; but now the Rump Parliament was so hated and jeered at, that the butchers' boys would say, "Will you buy any Parliament rumps and kidneys?" And it was a very ordinary thing to see little children make a fire in the streets, and burn rumps. — Rugge's Diurnal.
• Charles, eldest son of Dudley, afterwards fourth Lord North.
* Coach, on board a man-of-war, " The Council Chamber."
52 DIARY OF [3dMaj
hearts were against it. After this was done, I went up tc the quarter-deck with my Lord and the Commanders, and there read both the papers and the vote ; which done, and demanding their opinion, the seamen did all of them cry out, " God bless King Charles !" with the greatest joy imaginable. That being done. Sir R. Stayner, who had invited us yesterday, took all the Commanders and myself on board him to dinner, which not being ready, I went with Captain Hay ward to the Plimouth and Essex, ^ and did what I had to do, and returned, where very merry at dinner. After dinner, to the rest of the ships quite through the fleet, which was a very brave sight to visit all the ships, and to be received with the respect and honour that I was on board them all ; and much more to see the great joy that I brought to all men ; not one through the whole fleet showing me the least dislike of the business. In the evening, as I was going on board the Vice-Admiral, the General began to fire his guns, which he did all that he had in the ship, and so did all the rest of the Commanders, which was very gallant, and to hear the bullets go hissing over our heads as we were in the boat. This done, and finished my Proclamation, I returned to the Nazeby, where my Lord was much pleased to hear how all the fleet took it in a transport of joy, showed me a private letter of the King's to him, and another from the Duke of York, in such familiar style as their common friend, with all kindness imaginable. And I found by the letters, and so my Lord told me too, that there had been many letters passed between them for a great while, and I perceive unknown to Monk. And among the rest that had carried these letters Sir John Boys^ is one, and Mr. Norwood, which had a ship to carry him over the other day, when my Lord would not have me put down